1
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Qi M, Liu Y, Wang Z, Yuan S, Li K, Zhang Q, Chen M, Wei L. Self-Healable Multifunctional Fibers via Thermal Drawing. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400785. [PMID: 38682447 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The development of soft electronics and soft fiber devices has significantly advanced flexible and wearable technology. However, they still face the risk of damage when exposed to sharp objects in real-life applications. Taking inspiration from nature, self-healable materials that can restore their physical properties after external damage offer a solution to this problem. Nevertheless, large-scale production of self-healable fibers is currently constrained. To address this limitation, this study leverages the thermal drawing technique to create elastic and stretchable self-healable thermoplastic polyurethane (STPU) fibers, enabling cost-effective mass production of such functional fibers. Furthermore, despite substantial research into the mechanisms of self-healable materials, quantifying their healing speed and time poses a persistent challenge. Thus, transmission spectra are employed as a monitoring tool to observe the real-time self-healing process, facilitating an in-depth investigation into the healing kinetics and efficiency. The versatility of the fabricated self-healable fiber extends to its ability to be doped with a wide range of functional materials, including dye molecules and magnetic microparticles, which enables modular assembly to develop distributed strain sensors and soft actuators. These achievements highlight the potential applications of self-healable fibers that seamlessly integrate with daily lives and open up new possibilities in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qi
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Yanting Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Shixing Yuan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Kaiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Qichong Zhang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Mengxiao Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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2
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Zhu C, Zheng J, Fu J. Electrospinning Nanofibers as Stretchable Sensors for Wearable Devices. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300274. [PMID: 37653597 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Wearable devices attract great attention in intelligent medicine, electronic skin, artificial intelligence robots, and so on. However, boundedness of traditional sensors based on rigid materials unconstrained self-multilayer structure assembly and dense substrate in stretchability and permeability limits their applications. The network structure of the elastomeric nanofibers gives them excellent air permeability and stretchability. By introducing metal nanofillers, intrinsic conductive polymers, carbon materials, and other methods to construct conductive paths, stretchable conductors can be effectively prepared by elastomeric nanofibers, showing great potential in the field of flexible sensors. This perspective briefly introduces the representative preparations of conductive thermoplastic polyurethane, nylon, and hydrogel nanofibers by electrospinning and the application of integrated electronic devices in biological signal detection. The main challenge is to unify the stretchability and conductivity of the fiber structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canjie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jingxia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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3
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Zhou X, Wang Z, Xiong T, He B, Wang Z, Zhang H, Hu D, Liu Y, Yang C, Li Q, Chen M, Zhang Q, Wei L. Fiber Crossbars: An Emerging Architecture of Smart Electronic Textiles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300576. [PMID: 37042804 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Smart wearables have a significant impact on people's daily lives, enabling personalized motion monitoring, realizing the Internet of Things, and even reshaping the next generation of telemedicine systems. Fiber crossbars (FCs), constructed by crossing two fibers, have become an emerging architecture among the accessible structures of state-of-the-art smart electronic textiles. The mechanical, chemical, and electrical interactions between crossing fibers result in extensive functionalities, leading to the significant development of innovative electronic textiles employing FCs as their basic units. This review provides a timely and comprehensive overview of the structure designs, material selections, and assembly techniques of FC-based devices. The recent advances in FC-based devices are summarized, including multipurpose sensing, multiple-mode computing, high-resolution display, high-efficient power supply, and large-scale textile systems. Finally, current challenges, potential solutions, and future perspectives for FC-based systems are discussed for their further development in scale-up production and commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Zhou
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ting Xiong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bing He
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhixun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Haozhe Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dongmei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yanting Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qichong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- The Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), Nanyang Technological University, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
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4
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Sadri B, Gao W. Fibrous wearable and implantable bioelectronics. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 10:031303. [PMID: 37576610 PMCID: PMC10364553 DOI: 10.1063/5.0152744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Fibrous wearable and implantable devices have emerged as a promising technology, offering a range of new solutions for minimally invasive monitoring of human health. Compared to traditional biomedical devices, fibers offer a possibility for a modular design compatible with large-scale manufacturing and a plethora of advantages including mechanical compliance, breathability, and biocompatibility. The new generation of fibrous biomedical devices can revolutionize easy-to-use and accessible health monitoring systems by serving as building blocks for most common wearables such as fabrics and clothes. Despite significant progress in the fabrication, materials, and application of fibrous biomedical devices, there is still a notable absence of a comprehensive and systematic review on the subject. This review paper provides an overview of recent advancements in the development of fibrous wearable and implantable electronics. We categorized these advancements into three main areas: manufacturing processes, platforms, and applications, outlining their respective merits and limitations. The paper concludes by discussing the outlook and challenges that lie ahead for fiber bioelectronics, providing a holistic view of its current stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Sadri
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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5
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Hasan MM, Sadeque MSB, Albasar I, Pecenek H, Dokan FK, Onses MS, Ordu M. Scalable Fabrication of MXene-PVDF Nanocomposite Triboelectric Fibers via Thermal Drawing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206107. [PMID: 36464631 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the data-driven world, textile is a valuable resource for improving the quality of life through continuous monitoring of daily activities and physiological signals of humans. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) are an attractive option for self-powered sensor development by coupling energy harvesting and sensing ability. In this study, to the best of the knowledge, scalable fabrication of Ti3 C2 Tx MXene-embedded polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposite fiber using a thermal drawing process is presented for the first time. The output open circuit voltage and short circuit current show 53% and 58% improvement, respectively, compared to pristine PVDF fiber. The synergistic interaction between the surface termination groups of MXene and polar PVDF polymer enhances the performance of the fiber. The flexibility of the fiber enables the weaving of fabric TENG devices for large-area applications. The fabric TENG (3 × 2 cm2 ) demonstrates a power density of 40.8 mW m-2 at the matching load of 8 MΩ by maintaining a stable performance over 12 000 cycles. Moreover, the fabric TENG has shown the capability of energy harvesting by operating a digital clock and a calculator. A distributed self-powered sensor for human activities and walking pattern monitoring are demonstrated with the fabric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mehdi Hasan
- UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Md Sazid Bin Sadeque
- UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ilgın Albasar
- UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
| | - Hilal Pecenek
- ERNAM - Erciyes University Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Fatma Kilic Dokan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Mustafa Çıkrıkcıoglu Vocational School, Kayseri University, Kayseri, 38280, Turkey
| | - M Serdar Onses
- UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- ERNAM - Erciyes University Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ordu
- UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
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6
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Nie M, Li B, Hsieh YL, Fu KK, Zhou J. Stretchable One-Dimensional Conductors for Wearable Applications. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19810-19839. [PMID: 36475644 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Continuous, one-dimensional (1D) stretchable conductors have attracted significant attention for the development of wearables and soft-matter electronics. Through the use of advanced spinning, printing, and textile technologies, 1D stretchable conductors in the forms of fibers, wires, and yarns can be designed and engineered to meet the demanding requirements for different wearable applications. Several crucial parameters, such as microarchitecture, conductivity, stretchability, and scalability, play essential roles in designing and developing wearable devices and intelligent textiles. Methodologies and fabrication processes have successfully realized 1D conductors that are highly conductive, strong, lightweight, stretchable, and conformable and can be readily integrated with common fabrics and soft matter. This review summarizes the latest advances in continuous, 1D stretchable conductors and emphasizes recent developments in materials, methodologies, fabrication processes, and strategies geared toward applications in electrical interconnects, mechanical sensors, actuators, and heaters. This review classifies 1D conductors into three categories on the basis of their electrical responses: (1) rigid 1D conductors, (2) piezoresistive 1D conductors, and (3) resistance-stable 1D conductors. This review also evaluates the present challenges in these areas and presents perspectives for improving the performance of stretchable 1D conductors for wearable textile and flexible electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Nie
- School of Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong510275, China
| | - Boxiao Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong510275, China
| | - You-Lo Hsieh
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California at Davis, California95616, United States
| | - Kun Kelvin Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware19716, United States
| | - Jian Zhou
- School of Material Science and Engineering Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable Devices, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong510275, China
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7
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Yan S, Hu K, Chen S, Li T, Zhang W, Yin J, Jiang X. Photo-induced stress relaxation in reconfigurable disulfide-crosslinked supramolecular films visualized by dynamic wrinkling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7434. [PMID: 36460720 PMCID: PMC9718802 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress relaxation in reconfigurable supramolecular polymer networks is strongly related to intermolecular behavior. However, the relationship between molecular motion and macroscopic mechanics is usually vague, and the visualization of internal stress reflecting precise regulation of molecules remains challenging. Here, we present a strategy for visualizing photo-driven stress relaxation induced by infinitesimal perturbations in the intermolecular exchange reaction via reprogrammable wrinkle patterns. The supramolecular films exhibit visible changes in microscopic wrinkle topography through ultraviolet (UV)-induced dynamic disulfide exchange reaction. In accordance with the trans-scale theoretical models, which quantitatively evaluate the chemical-dependent mechanical stresses in the supramolecular network, the unexposed disordered wrinkles evolved into highly oriented patterns and underwent subsequent mutations after thermal treatment. The stress-sensitive wrinkle macro-patterns can be repetitively written/erased through network topology rearrangement using different stimuli. This strategy provides an approach for visualizing and understanding the molecular behavior from dynamic chemistry to mechanical changes, and directly programming wrinkle patterns with regulated structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Yan
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 PR China
| | - Kaiming Hu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Systems and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 PR China
| | - Shuai Chen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 PR China
| | - Tiantian Li
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 PR China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Systems and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 PR China
| | - Jie Yin
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 PR China
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 PR China
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8
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Dong C, Leber A, Yan D, Banerjee H, Laperrousaz S, Das Gupta T, Shadman S, Reis PM, Sorin F. 3D stretchable and self-encapsulated multimaterial triboelectric fibers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0869. [PMID: 36367937 PMCID: PMC9651858 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A robust power device for wearable technologies and soft electronics must feature good encapsulation, high deformability, and reliable electrical outputs. Despite substantial progress in materials and architectures for two-dimensional (2D) planar power configurations, fiber-based systems remain limited to relatively simple configurations and low performance due to challenges in processing methods. Here, we extend complex 2D triboelectric nanogenerator configurations to 3D fiber formats based on scalable thermal processing of water-resistant thermoplastic elastomers and composites. We perform mechanical analysis using finite element modeling to understand the fiber's deformation and the level of control and engineering on its mechanical behavior and thus to guide its dimensional designs for enhanced electrical performance. With microtexture patterned functional surfaces, the resulting fibers can reliably produce state-of-the-art electrical outputs from various mechanical deformations, even under harsh conditions. These mechanical and electrical attributes allow their integration with large and stretchable surfaces for electricity generation of hundreds of microamperes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Dong
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Leber
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dong Yan
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hritwick Banerjee
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stella Laperrousaz
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tapajyoti Das Gupta
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shahrzad Shadman
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro M. Reis
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Sorin
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Jia J, Peng Y, Zha XJ, Ke K, Bao RY, Liu ZY, Yang MB, Yang W. Janus and Heteromodulus Elastomeric Fiber Mats Feature Regulable Stress Redistribution for Boosted Strain Sensing Performance. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16806-16815. [PMID: 36194701 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wearable strain sensors have huge potential for applications in healthcare, human-machine interfacing, and augmented reality systems. However, the nonlinear response of the resistance signal to strain has caused considerable difficulty and complexity in data processing and signal transformation, thus impeding their practical applications severely. Herein, we propose a simple way to achieve linear and reproducible resistive signals responding to strain in a relatively wide strain range for flexible strain sensors, which is achieved via the fabrication of Janus and heteromodulus elastomeric fiber mats with micropatterns using microimprinting second processing technology. In detail, both isotropic and anisotropic fiber mats can turn into Janus fiber mats with periodical and heteromodulus micropatterns via controlling the fiber fusion and the diffusion of local macromolecular chains of thermoplastic elastomers. The Janus heterogeneous microstructure allows for stress redistribution upon stretching, thus leading to lower strain hysteresis and improved linearity of resistive signal. Moreover, tunable sensing performance can be achieved by tailoring the size of the micropatterns on the fiber mat surface and the fiber anisotropy. The Janus mat strain sensors with high signal linearity and good reproducibility have a very low strain detection limit, enabling potential applications in human-machine interfacing and intelligent control fields if combined with a wireless communication module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jia
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Peng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Zha
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Ke
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui-Ying Bao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng-Ying Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
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10
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Zhang H, Wang Z, Wang Z, He B, Chen M, Qi M, Liu Y, Xin J, Wei L. Recent progress of fiber-based transistors: materials, structures and applications. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2022; 15:2. [PMID: 36637572 PMCID: PMC9756263 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-022-00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics on fibers or fabrics assembled with electronic functions provide a platform for sensors, displays, circuitry, and computation. These new conceptual devices are human-friendly and programmable, which makes them indispensable for modern electronics. Their unique properties such as being adaptable in daily life, as well as being lightweight and flexible, have enabled many promising applications in robotics, healthcare, and the Internet of Things (IoT). Transistors, one of the fundamental blocks in electronic systems, allow for signal processing and computing. Therefore, study leading to integration of transistors with fabrics has become intensive. Here, several aspects of fiber-based transistors are addressed, including materials, system structures, and their functional devices such as sensory, logical circuitry, memory devices as well as neuromorphic computation. Recently reported advances in development and challenges to realizing fully integrated electronic textile (e-textile) systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe Zhang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhixun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bing He
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mengxiao Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Miao Qi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yanting Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiwu Xin
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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11
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Xu W, Jambhulkar S, Ravichandran D, Zhu Y, Lanke S, Bawareth M, Song K. A mini‐review of microstructural control during composite fiber spinning. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiheng Xu
- Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering Arizona State University Mesa AZ USA
| | - Sayli Jambhulkar
- Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering Arizona State University Mesa AZ USA
| | - Dharneedar Ravichandran
- Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering Arizona State University Mesa AZ USA
| | - Yuxiang Zhu
- Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering Arizona State University Mesa AZ USA
| | - Shantanu Lanke
- Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ USA
| | - Mohammed Bawareth
- Mechanical Engineering System, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering Arizona State University Mesa AZ USA
| | - Kenan Song
- Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering Arizona State University Mesa AZ USA
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12
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Veeramuthu L, Venkatesan M, Benas JS, Cho CJ, Lee CC, Lieu FK, Lin JH, Lee RH, Kuo CC. Recent Progress in Conducting Polymer Composite/Nanofiber-Based Strain and Pressure Sensors. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4281. [PMID: 34960831 PMCID: PMC8705576 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Conducting of polymers belongs to the class of polymers exhibiting excellence in electrical performances because of their intrinsic delocalized π- electrons and their tunability ranges from semi-conductive to metallic conductive regime. Conducting polymers and their composites serve greater functionality in the application of strain and pressure sensors, especially in yielding a better figure of merits, such as improved sensitivity, sensing range, durability, and mechanical robustness. The electrospinning process allows the formation of micro to nano-dimensional fibers with solution-processing attributes and offers an exciting aspect ratio by forming ultra-long fibrous structures. This review comprehensively covers the fundamentals of conducting polymers, sensor fabrication, working modes, and recent trends in achieving the sensitivity, wide-sensing range, reduced hysteresis, and durability of thin film, porous, and nanofibrous sensors. Furthermore, nanofiber and textile-based sensory device importance and its growth towards futuristic wearable electronics in a technological era was systematically reviewed to overcome the existing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loganathan Veeramuthu
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (J.-S.B.)
| | - Manikandan Venkatesan
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (J.-S.B.)
| | - Jean-Sebastien Benas
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (J.-S.B.)
| | - Chia-Jung Cho
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (J.-S.B.)
| | - Chia-Chin Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan;
| | - Fu-Kong Lieu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Ja-Hon Lin
- Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan;
| | - Rong-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Ching Kuo
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (J.-S.B.)
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Meng Y, Chen Y, Lu L, Ding Y, Cusano A, Fan JA, Hu Q, Wang K, Xie Z, Liu Z, Yang Y, Liu Q, Gong M, Xiao Q, Sun S, Zhang M, Yuan X, Ni X. Optical meta-waveguides for integrated photonics and beyond. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:235. [PMID: 34811345 PMCID: PMC8608813 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The growing maturity of nanofabrication has ushered massive sophisticated optical structures available on a photonic chip. The integration of subwavelength-structured metasurfaces and metamaterials on the canonical building block of optical waveguides is gradually reshaping the landscape of photonic integrated circuits, giving rise to numerous meta-waveguides with unprecedented strength in controlling guided electromagnetic waves. Here, we review recent advances in meta-structured waveguides that synergize various functional subwavelength photonic architectures with diverse waveguide platforms, such as dielectric or plasmonic waveguides and optical fibers. Foundational results and representative applications are comprehensively summarized. Brief physical models with explicit design tutorials, either physical intuition-based design methods or computer algorithms-based inverse designs, are cataloged as well. We highlight how meta-optics can infuse new degrees of freedom to waveguide-based devices and systems, by enhancing light-matter interaction strength to drastically boost device performance, or offering a versatile designer media for manipulating light in nanoscale to enable novel functionalities. We further discuss current challenges and outline emerging opportunities of this vibrant field for various applications in photonic integrated circuits, biomedical sensing, artificial intelligence and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhen Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing and School of Information, Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Longhui Lu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yimin Ding
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Andrea Cusano
- Optoelectronic Division, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, I-82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Jonathan A Fan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Qiaomu Hu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhenwei Xie
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhoutian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanmu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Mali Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Qirong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Shulin Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing and School of Information, Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Chengbei Road, Yiwu City, 322000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Minming Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiaocong Yuan
- Nanophotonics Research Centre, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xingjie Ni
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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14
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Zhang D, Yang W, Gong W, Ma W, Hou C, Li Y, Zhang Q, Wang H. Abrasion Resistant/Waterproof Stretchable Triboelectric Yarns Based on Fermat Spirals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100782. [PMID: 34028894 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Emerging energy harvesting yarns, via triboelectric effects, have wide application prospects in new-generation wearable electronics. However, few studies have been carried out regarding simultaneously achieving high electrical performance, mechanical robustness, and comfortability in industrial-scalable yarn. Here, an electronic yarn twisted into Fermat spiral, which has outstanding dynamic structure stability, is reported. The Fermat-spiral-based energy yarns (FSBEY) can simultaneously realize ultrahigh abrasion resistance (over 5000 Martindale standard abrasion cycles), stable reversible strain (100%), and excellent electrical output. Considerably high output (105 V, ≈1.2 µA under 2 Hz) can be attained upon contacting a single yarn (30 cm) with latex material, which is superior to most state-of-the-art stretchable triboelectric yarns. The application of these FSBEY in wireless gesture recognition, smart screen information protection, and harvesting of energy from water dropletsis demonstrated. Moreover, textiles knitted from the FSBEY have distinguished waterproof nature and are breathable. This work shows a feasible proposal for building future "energy garments".
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wei Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wanwan Ma
- College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yaogang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
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15
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Ding Y, Zhang Q, Rui K, Xu F, Lin H, Yan Y, Li H, Zhu J, Huang W. Ultrafast Microwave Activating Polarized Electron for Scalable Porous Al toward High-Energy-Density Batteries. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8818-8824. [PMID: 33231472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemical etching of metals generally brings about undesirable surface damage accompanied by deteriorated performance. However, new possibilities in view of structured interfaces and functional surfaces can be explored by wisely incorporating corrosion chemistry. Here, an ultrafast route to scalable Al foils with desired porous structures originating from Fe(III)-induced oxidation etching was presented. Coupling with efficient electron polarization involving microwave interaction, straightforward surface engineering is well established on various commercial Al foils within minutes, which can be successfully extended to bulk Al alloys. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, the well-defined porous Al foils featuring regulated surface energy, demonstrate great potential as current collectors in promoting cycling stability, for example, 85.2% reversible capacity sustained after 550 cycles (comparable to commercial Al/C foils), and energy density, that is, approximately 3 times of that by using pristine Al foils for LiFePO4-Li half cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ding
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kun Rui
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Huijuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hai Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jixin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
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