1
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Cooke ME, Armstrong NC, Fankhauser AM, Chen Y, Lei Z, Zhang Y, Ledsky IR, Turpin BJ, Zhang Z, Gold A, McNeill VF, Surratt JD, Ault AP. Decreases in Epoxide-Driven Secondary Organic Aerosol Production under Highly Acidic Conditions: The Importance of Acid-Base Equilibria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10675-10684. [PMID: 38843196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Isoprene has the highest atmospheric emissions of any nonmethane hydrocarbon, and isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) are well-established oxidation products and the primary contributors forming isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Highly acidic particles (pH 0-3) widespread across the lower troposphere enable acid-driven multiphase chemistry of IEPOX, such as epoxide ring-opening reactions forming methyltetrol sulfates through nucleophilic attack of sulfate (SO42-). Herein, we systematically demonstrate an unexpected decrease in SOA formation from IEPOX on highly acidic particles (pH < 1). While IEPOX-SOA formation is commonly assumed to increase at low pH when more [H+] is available to protonate epoxides, we observe maximum SOA formation at pH 1 and less SOA formation at pH 0.0 and 0.4. This is attributed to limited availability of SO42- at pH values below the acid dissociation constant (pKa) of SO42- and bisulfate (HSO4-). The nucleophilicity of HSO4- is 100× lower than SO42-, decreasing SOA formation and shifting particulate products from low-volatility organosulfates to higher-volatility polyols. Current model parameterizations predicting SOA yields for IEPOX-SOA do not properly account for the SO42-/HSO4- equilibrium, leading to overpredictions of SOA formation at low pH. Accounting for this underexplored acidity-dependent behavior is critical for accurately predicting SOA concentrations and resolving SOA impacts on air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline E Cooke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - N Cazimir Armstrong
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Alison M Fankhauser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yuzhi Chen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Ziying Lei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Isabel R Ledsky
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, United States
| | - Barbara J Turpin
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - V Faye McNeill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jason D Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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2
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Chatterjee R, Thanjukutty RU, Carducci C, Neogi A, Chakraborty S, Bapu VPBR, Banik S, Sankaranarayanan SKRS, Anand S. Adhesion of impure ice on surfaces. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:419-427. [PMID: 38037677 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01440a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The undesirable buildup of ice can compromise the operational safety of ships in the Arctic to high-flying airplanes, thereby having a detrimental impact on modern life in cold climates. The obstinately strong adhesion between ice and most functional surfaces makes ice removal an energetically expensive and dangerous affair. Hence, over the past few decades, substantial efforts have been directed toward the development of passive ice-shedding surfaces. Conventionally, such research on ice adhesion has almost always been based on ice solidified from pure water. However, in all practical situations, freezing water has dissolved contaminants; ice adhesion studies of which have remained elusive thus far. Here, we cast light on the fundamental role played by various impurities (salt, surfactant, and solvent) commonly found in natural water bodies on the adhesion of ice on common structural materials. We elucidate how varying freezing temperature & contaminant concentration can significantly alter the resultant ice adhesion strength making it either super-slippery or fiercely adherent. The entrapment of impurities in ice changes with the rate of freezing and ensuing adhesion strength increases as the cooling temperature decreases. We discuss the possible role played by the in situ generated solute enriched liquid layer and the nanometric water-like disordered ice layer sandwiched between ice and the substrate behind these observations. Our work provides useful insights into the elementary nature of impure water-to-ice transformation and contributes to the knowledge base of various natural phenomena and rational design of a broad spectrum of anti-icing technologies for transportation, infrastructure, and energy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukmava Chatterjee
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
- Carrier Corporation, 6304 Thompson Road, East Syracuse, NY, 13057, USA
| | - Rajith Unnikrishnan Thanjukutty
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
- Abbott Molecular Inc., 1300 E Touhy Ave, Des Plaines, IL, 60018, USA
| | - Christopher Carducci
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
| | - Arnab Neogi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Vijay Prithiv Bathey Ramesh Bapu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
- ANSYS Inc., 10 Cavendish Ct, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA
| | - Suvo Banik
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
| | - Subramanian K R S Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Sushant Anand
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
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3
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Lei Z, Chen B, Brooks SD. Effect of Acidity on Ice Nucleation by Inorganic-Organic Mixed Droplets. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2023; 7:2562-2573. [PMID: 38148991 PMCID: PMC10749479 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol acidity significantly influences heterogeneous chemical reactions and human health. Additionally, acidity may play a role in cloud formation by modifying the ice nucleation properties of inorganic and organic aerosols. In this work, we combined our well-established ice nucleation technique with Raman microspectroscopy to study ice nucleation in representative inorganic and organic aerosols across a range of pH conditions (pH -0.1 to 5.5). Homogeneous nucleation was observed in systems containing ammonium sulfate, sulfuric acid, and sucrose. In contrast, droplets containing ammonium sulfate mixed with diethyl sebacate, poly(ethylene glycol) 400, and 1,2,6-hexanetriol were found to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation, exhibiting core-shell morphologies with observed initiation of heterogeneous freezing in the cores. Our experimental findings demonstrate that an increased acidity reduces the ice nucleation ability of droplets. Changes in the ratio of bisulfate to sulfate coincided with shifts in ice nucleation temperatures, suggesting that the presence of bisulfate may decrease the ice nucleation efficiency. We also report on how the morphology and viscosity impact ice nucleation properties. This study aims to enhance our fundamental understanding of acidity's effect on ice nucleation ability, providing context for the role of acidity in atmospheric ice cloud formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Lei
- Department of Atmospheric
Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Atmospheric
Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Sarah D. Brooks
- Department of Atmospheric
Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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4
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Gregson FKA, Gerrebos NGA, Schervish M, Nikkho S, Schnitzler EG, Schwartz C, Carlsten C, Abbatt JPD, Kamal S, Shiraiwa M, Bertram AK. Phase Behavior and Viscosity in Biomass Burning Organic Aerosol and Climatic Impacts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:14548-14557. [PMID: 37729583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Smoke particles generated by burning biomass consist mainly of organic aerosol termed biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA). BBOA influences the climate by scattering and absorbing solar radiation or acting as nuclei for cloud formation. The viscosity and the phase behavior (i.e., the number and type of phases present in a particle) are properties of BBOA that are expected to impact several climate-relevant processes but remain highly uncertain. We studied the phase behavior of BBOA using fluorescence microscopy and showed that BBOA particles comprise two organic phases (a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic phase) across a wide range of atmospheric relative humidity (RH). We determined the viscosity of the two phases at room temperature using a photobleaching method and showed that the two phases possess different RH-dependent viscosities. The viscosity of the hydrophobic phase is largely independent of the RH from 0 to 95%. We use the Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman equation to extrapolate our results to colder and warmer temperatures, and based on the extrapolation, the hydrophobic phase is predicted to be glassy (viscosity >1012 Pa s) for temperatures less than 230 K and RHs below 95%, with possible implications for heterogeneous reaction kinetics and cloud formation in the atmosphere. Using a kinetic multilayer model (KM-GAP), we investigated the effect of two phases on the atmospheric lifetime of brown carbon within BBOA, which is a climate-warming agent. We showed that the presence of two phases can increase the lifetime of brown carbon in the planetary boundary layer and polar regions compared to previous modeling studies. Hence, the presence of two phases can lead to an increase in the predicted warming effect of BBOA on the climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence K A Gregson
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Nealan G A Gerrebos
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Meredith Schervish
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Sepehr Nikkho
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Elijah G Schnitzler
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Carley Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Christopher Carlsten
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Jonathan P D Abbatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Saeid Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Allan K Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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5
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Smith N, Crescenzo GV, Bertram AK, Nizkorodov SA, Faiola CL. Insect Infestation Increases Viscosity of Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2023; 7:1060-1071. [PMID: 37223424 PMCID: PMC10201571 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant stress alters emissions of volatile organic compounds. However, little is known about how this could influence climate-relevant properties of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), particularly from complex mixtures such as real plant emissions. In this study, the chemical composition and viscosity were examined for SOA generated from real healthy and aphid-stressed Canary Island pine (Pinus canariensis) trees, which are commonly used for landscaping in Southern California. Healthy Canary Island pine (HCIP) and stressed Canary Island pine (SCIP) aerosols were generated in a 5 m3 environmental chamber at 35-84% relative humidity and room temperature via OH-initiated oxidation. Viscosities of the collected particles were measured using an offline poke-flow method, after conditioning the particles in a humidified air flow. SCIP particles were consistently more viscous than HCIP particles. The largest differences in particle viscosity were observed in particles conditioned at 50% relative humidity where the viscosity of SCIP particles was an order of magnitude larger than that of HCIP particles. The increased viscosity for the aphid-stressed pine tree SOA was attributed to the increased fraction of sesquiterpenes in the emission profile. The real pine SOA particles, both healthy and aphid-stressed, were more viscous than α-pinene SOA particles, demonstrating the limitation of using a single monoterpene as a model compound to predict the physicochemical properties of real biogenic SOA. However, synthetic mixtures composed of only a few major compounds present in emissions (<10 compounds) can reproduce the viscosities of SOA observed from the more complex real plant emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie
R. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Giuseppe V. Crescenzo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Allan K. Bertram
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Sergey A. Nizkorodov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Celia L. Faiola
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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6
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Chen B, Mirrielees JA, Chen Y, Onasch TB, Zhang Z, Gold A, Surratt JD, Zhang Y, Brooks SD. Glass Transition Temperatures of Organic Mixtures from Isoprene Epoxydiol-Derived Secondary Organic Aerosol. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:4125-4136. [PMID: 37129903 PMCID: PMC10863072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The phase states and glass transition temperatures (Tg) of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles are important to resolve for understanding the formation, growth, and fate of SOA as well as their cloud formation properties. Currently, there is a limited understanding of how Tg changes with the composition of organic and inorganic components of atmospheric aerosol. Using broadband dielectric spectroscopy, we measured the Tg of organic mixtures containing isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX)-derived SOA components, including 2-methyltetrols (2-MT), 2-methyltetrol-sulfate (2-MTS), and 3-methyltetrol-sulfate (3-MTS). The results demonstrate that the Tg of mixtures depends on their composition. The Kwei equation, a modified Gordon-Taylor equation with an added quadratic term and a fitting parameter representing strong intermolecular interactions, provides a good fit for the Tg-composition relationship of complex mixtures. By combining Raman spectroscopy with geometry optimization simulations obtained using density functional theory, we demonstrate that the non-linear deviation of Tg as a function of composition may be caused by changes in the extent of hydrogen bonding in the mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, Eller O&M Building, 1204, 3150
TAMU, 797 Lamar Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jessica A. Mirrielees
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, United States
| | - Yuzhi Chen
- Gillings
School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences
and Engineering, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, 170 Rosenau Hall, Campus Box #7400, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Timothy B. Onasch
- Aerodyne
Research, Inc, 45 Manning
Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Gillings
School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences
and Engineering, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, 170 Rosenau Hall, Campus Box #7400, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Avram Gold
- Gillings
School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences
and Engineering, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, 170 Rosenau Hall, Campus Box #7400, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jason D. Surratt
- Gillings
School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences
and Engineering, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, 170 Rosenau Hall, Campus Box #7400, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- College
of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box #3290, 125 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, Eller O&M Building, 1204, 3150
TAMU, 797 Lamar Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Sarah D. Brooks
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, Eller O&M Building, 1204, 3150
TAMU, 797 Lamar Street, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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7
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Armstrong NC, Chen Y, Cui T, Zhang Y, Christensen C, Zhang Z, Turpin BJ, Chan MN, Gold A, Ault AP, Surratt JD. Isoprene Epoxydiol-Derived Sulfated and Nonsulfated Oligomers Suppress Particulate Mass Loss during Oxidative Aging of Secondary Organic Aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:16611-16620. [PMID: 36378716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Acid-driven multiphase chemistry of isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) with inorganic sulfate aerosols contributes substantially to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, which constitutes a large mass fraction of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5). However, the atmospheric chemical sinks of freshly generated IEPOX-SOA particles remain unclear. We examined the role of heterogeneous oxidation of freshly generated IEPOX-SOA particles by gas-phase hydroxyl radical (•OH) under dark conditions as one potential atmospheric sink. After 4 h of gas-phase •OH exposure (∼3 × 108 molecules cm-3), chemical changes in smog chamber-generated IEPOX-SOA particles were assessed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HILIC/ESI-HR-QTOFMS). A comparison of the molecular-level compositional changes in IEPOX-SOA particles during aging with or without •OH revealed that decomposition of oligomers by heterogeneous •OH oxidation acts as a sink for •OH and maintains a reservoir of low-volatility compounds, including monomeric sulfate esters and oligomer fragments. We propose tentative structures and formation mechanisms for previously uncharacterized SOA constituents in PM2.5. Our results suggest that this •OH-driven renewal of low-volatility products may extend the atmospheric lifetimes of particle-phase IEPOX-SOA by slowing the production of low-molecular weight, high-volatility organic fragments and likely contributes to the large quantities of 2-methyltetrols and methyltetrol sulfates reported in PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cazimir Armstrong
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yuzhi Chen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Tianqu Cui
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Cade Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Barbara J Turpin
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Man Nin Chan
- Earth System Science Programme, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jason D Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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8
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Sunlight can convert atmospheric aerosols into a glassy solid state and modify their environmental impacts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208121119. [PMID: 36269861 PMCID: PMC9618061 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208121119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosol is well known to affect Earth's climate, regional weather, visibility, and public health. Once these aerosols are formed, they are transported throughout the atmosphere for days or even weeks. We show that exposure of secondary organic aerosols to UV solar radiation leads to a surprising and remarkable increase in viscosity by as much as five orders of magnitude. We also show that this UV exposure can lead to an increased abundance of aerosols that are in the glassy solid state in the troposphere, with important implications for climate predictions. Overall, our results clearly demonstrate that aging by exposure to solar radiation needs to be considered when predicting the environmental impacts of secondary organic aerosols. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) plays a critical, yet uncertain, role in air quality and climate. Once formed, SOA is transported throughout the atmosphere and is exposed to solar UV light. Information on the viscosity of SOA, and how it may change with solar UV exposure, is needed to accurately predict air quality and climate. However, the effect of solar UV radiation on the viscosity of SOA and the associated implications for air quality and climate predictions is largely unknown. Here, we report the viscosity of SOA after exposure to UV radiation, equivalent to a UV exposure of 6 to 14 d at midlatitudes in summer. Surprisingly, UV-aging led to as much as five orders of magnitude increase in viscosity compared to unirradiated SOA. This increase in viscosity can be rationalized in part by an increase in molecular mass and oxidation of organic molecules constituting the SOA material, as determined by high-resolution mass spectrometry. We demonstrate that UV-aging can lead to an increased abundance of aerosols in the atmosphere in a glassy solid state. Therefore, UV-aging could represent an unrecognized source of nuclei for ice clouds in the atmosphere, with important implications for Earth’s energy budget. We also show that UV-aging increases the mixing times within SOA particles by up to five orders of magnitude throughout the troposphere with important implications for predicting the growth, evaporation, and size distribution of SOA, and hence, air pollution and climate.
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9
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Dominutti PA, Chevassus E, Baray JL, Jaffrezo JL, Borbon A, Colomb A, Deguillaume L, El Gdachi S, Houdier S, Leriche M, Metzger JM, Rocco M, Tulet P, Sellegri K, Freney E. Evaluation of the Sources, Precursors, and Processing of Aerosols at a High-Altitude Tropical Site. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2022; 6:2412-2431. [PMID: 36303720 PMCID: PMC9590422 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the results from a set of aerosol- and gas-phase measurements collected during the BIO-MAÏDO field campaign in Réunion between March 8 and April 5, 2019. Several offline and online sampling devices were installed at the Maïdo Observatory (MO), a remote high-altitude site in the Southern Hemisphere, allowing the physical and chemical characterization of atmospheric aerosols and gases. The evaluation of short-lived gas-phase measurements allows us to conclude that air masses sampled during this period contained little or no anthropogenic influence. The dominance of sulfate and organic species in the submicron fraction of the aerosol is similar to that measured at other coastal sites. Carboxylic acids on PM10 showed a significant contribution of oxalic acid, a typical tracer of aqueous processed air masses, increasing at the end of the campaign. This result agrees with the positive matrix factorization analysis of the submicron organic aerosol, where more oxidized organic aerosols (MOOAs) dominated the organic aerosol with an increasing contribution toward the end of the campaign. Using a combination of air mass trajectories (model predictions), it was possible to assess the impact of aqueous phase processing on the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Our results show how specific chemical signatures and physical properties of air masses, possibly affected by cloud processing, can be identified at Réunion. These changes in properties are represented by a shift in aerosol size distribution to large diameters and an increased contribution of secondary sulfate and organic aerosols after cloud processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A. Dominutti
- Université
Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, UMR 6016, Laboratoire
de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5001, CNRS, IRD, Institut des Géosciences
de l’Environnement (IGE), Grenoble 38400, France
| | - Emmanuel Chevassus
- Université
Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, UMR 6016, Laboratoire
de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Jean-Luc Baray
- Université
Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, UMR 6016, Laboratoire
de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Jean-Luc Jaffrezo
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5001, CNRS, IRD, Institut des Géosciences
de l’Environnement (IGE), Grenoble 38400, France
| | - Agnès Borbon
- Université
Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, UMR 6016, Laboratoire
de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Aurèlie Colomb
- Université
Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, UMR 6016, Laboratoire
de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Laurent Deguillaume
- Université
Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, UMR 6016, Laboratoire
de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Samira El Gdachi
- Laboratoire
d’Aérologie (LAERO), UMR 5560, Toulouse 31400, France
- Laboratoire
de l’Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), UMR 8105, Université de la Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion 97744, France
| | - Stephan Houdier
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5001, CNRS, IRD, Institut des Géosciences
de l’Environnement (IGE), Grenoble 38400, France
| | - Maud Leriche
- Université
Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, UMR 6016, Laboratoire
de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Centre
pour l’étude et la simulation du climat à l’échelle
régionale, Département des sciences de la terre et de
l’atmosphère (ESCER), Université
du Québec à Montréal, Montréal H2X 3Y7, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Metzger
- Laboratoire
de l’Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), UMR 8105, Université de la Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion 97744, France
| | - Manon Rocco
- Université
Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, UMR 6016, Laboratoire
de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
- Laboratoire
de l’Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), UMR 8105, Université de la Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion 97744, France
| | - Pierre Tulet
- Laboratoire
d’Aérologie (LAERO), UMR 5560, Toulouse 31400, France
| | - Karine Sellegri
- Université
Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, UMR 6016, Laboratoire
de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Evelyn Freney
- Université
Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, UMR 6016, Laboratoire
de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
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10
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Rate of atmospheric brown carbon whitening governed by environmental conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205610119. [PMID: 36095180 PMCID: PMC9499551 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205610119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA) in the atmosphere contains many compounds that absorb solar radiation, called brown carbon (BrC). While BBOA is in the atmosphere, BrC can undergo reactions with oxidants such as ozone which decrease absorbance, or whiten. The effect of temperature and relative humidity (RH) on whitening has not been well constrained, leading to uncertainties when predicting the direct radiative effect of BrC on climate. Using an aerosol flow-tube reactor, we show that the whitening of BBOA by oxidation with ozone is strongly dependent on RH and temperature. Using a poke-flow technique, we show that the viscosity of BBOA also depends strongly on these conditions. The measured whitening rate of BrC is described well with the viscosity data, assuming that the whitening is due to oxidation occurring in the bulk of the BBOA, within a thin shell beneath the surface. Using our combined datasets, we developed a kinetic model of this whitening process, and we show that the lifetime of BrC is 1 d or less below ∼1 km in altitude in the atmosphere but is often much longer than 1 d above this altitude. Including this altitude dependence of the whitening rate in a chemical transport model causes a large change in the predicted warming effect of BBOA on climate. Overall, the results illustrate that RH and temperature need to be considered to understand the role of BBOA in the atmosphere.
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11
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Vogel F, Lacher L, Nadolny J, Saathoff H, Leisner T, Möhler O. Development and validation of a new cloud simulation experiment for lab-based aerosol-cloud studies. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:095106. [PMID: 36182527 DOI: 10.1063/5.0098777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) cloud expansion chamber with a volume of 84 m3 was extended for the small cloud expansion chamber AIDA mini (AIDAm) with a volume of 20 L. AIDAm is located in the cold room of AIDA and can perform automated ice-nucleation measurements over longer time periods of hours to days. AIDAm samples from the AIDA chamber, which acts as a reservoir of atmospheric aerosol types, which can slowly be modified by physical or chemical processes similar to those occurring in the atmosphere. AIDAm was validated for accurate ice-nucleation temperature control by measuring homogeneous freezing of pure water droplets at temperatures around -34 °C and for immersion freezing induced by dust aerosol particles in the temperature range between -20 and -30 °C. Further validation experiments at cirrus cloud temperatures of -45 °C revealed that AIDAm can distinguish between heterogeneous ice formation on mineral dust aerosols and homogeneous freezing of sulfuric acid solution particles. The contribution of homogeneous and heterogeneous ice formation processes to the ice-nucleation activity of coated dust particles was investigated in a 7 h long experiment, where solid dust particles were slowly coated with sulfuric acid. The continuous AIDAm measurements with a time resolution of 6 min showed a substantial suppression of the heterogeneous freezing phenomenon and an increasing role of homogeneous freezing while the coating amount was slowly increased. This experiment proved the capability of AIDAm to sensitively detect small changes in the ice-nucleation ability of aerosols, which undergo slow processing like chemical surface coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vogel
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - L Lacher
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - J Nadolny
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - H Saathoff
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - T Leisner
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - O Möhler
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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12
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Lei Z, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Cooke ME, Ledsky IR, Armstrong NC, Olson NE, Zhang Z, Gold A, Surratt JD, Ault AP. Initial pH Governs Secondary Organic Aerosol Phase State and Morphology after Uptake of Isoprene Epoxydiols (IEPOX). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10596-10607. [PMID: 35834796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol acidity increases secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from the reactive uptake of isoprene-derived epoxydiols (IEPOX) by enhancing condensed-phase reactions within sulfate-containing submicron particles, leading to low-volatility organic products. However, the link between the initial aerosol acidity and the resulting physicochemical properties of IEPOX-derived SOA remains uncertain. Herein, we show distinct differences in the morphology, phase state, and chemical composition of individual organic-inorganic mixed particles after IEPOX uptake to ammonium sulfate particles with different initial atmospherically relevant acidities (pH = 1, 3, and 5). Physicochemical properties were characterized via atomic force microscopy coupled with photothermal infrared spectroscopy (AFM-PTIR) and Raman microspectroscopy. Compared to less acidic particles (pH 3 and 5), reactive uptake of IEPOX to the most acidic particles (pH 1) resulted in 50% more organosulfate formation, clearer phase separation (core-shell), and more irregularly shaped morphologies, suggesting that the organic phase transitioned to semisolid or solid. This study highlights that initial aerosol acidity may govern the subsequent aerosol physicochemical properties, such as viscosity and morphology, following the multiphase chemical reactions of IEPOX. These results can be used in future studies to improve model parameterizations of SOA formation from IEPOX and its properties, toward the goal of bridging predictions and atmospheric observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Lei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yuzhi Chen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Madeline E Cooke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Isabel R Ledsky
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, United States
| | - N Cazimir Armstrong
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nicole E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Avram Gold
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jason D Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Andrew P Ault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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13
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Tong YK, Liu Y, Meng X, Wang J, Zhao D, Wu Z, Ye A. The relative humidity-dependent viscosity of single quasi aerosol particles and possible implications for atmospheric aerosol chemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10514-10523. [PMID: 35441631 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00740a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Viscosity is a fundamental physicochemical property of aerosol particles that influences chemical evolution, mass transfer rates, particle formation, etc. and also changes with ambient relative humidity (RH). However, the viscosity of real individual aerosol particles still remains less understood. Here, we developed a novel optical system based on dual optical tweezers to measure the viscosity of single suspending aerosol droplets under different RH conditions. In our experiment, a pair of quasi atmospheric aerosol droplets composed of organic and inorganic chemical substances were trapped and levitated by dual laser beams, respectively, and then collided and coalesced. The backscattering light signals and bright-field images of the dynamic coalescence process were recorded to infer the morphological relaxation time and the diameter of the composited droplet. Then, the viscosity of the droplet was calculated based on these measured values. The ambient RH of the aerosol droplets was controlled by varying the relative flow rates of dry and humidified nitrogen gas in a self-developed aerosol chamber. The viscosities of single aqueous droplets nebulized with solutes of sucrose, various sulfates and nitrates, and organic/inorganic mixtures were measured over the atmospheric RH range. Besides, the viscosities of the proxies of actual ambient aerosols in Beijing were investigated, which reasonably interpreted the aerosol chemistry transforming from sulfate dominating to nitrate dominating at the PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 μm) level in the last decade in Beijing. Furthermore, the hygroscopicity of droplets with a solute of organic/inorganic mixtures was researched to obtain a deep insight into the relationship between the viscosity and mass transfer process. Hence, we provide a robust approach for investigating the viscosity and hygroscopicity of the actual individual liquid PM10 aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Tong
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yaoyao Liu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xiangxinyue Meng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Dongping Zhao
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zhijun Wu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Anpei Ye
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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