1
|
Liang R, Li Y, Lo KC, Yan Z, Tang W, Du L, Phillips DL. Transient Absorption Spectroscopic Investigation of the Photocyclization-Deprotection Reaction of 3',5'-Dimethoxybenzoin Fluoride. Molecules 2024; 29:842. [PMID: 38398594 PMCID: PMC10892591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The 3',5'-dimethoxybenzoin (DMB) system has been widely investigated as a photoremovable protecting group (PRPG) for the elimination of various functional groups and has been applied in many fields. The photolysis of DMB fluoride leads to a highly efficient photocyclization-deprotection reaction, resulting in a high yield of 3',5'-dimethoxybenzofuran (DMBF) in a MeCN solution, while there is a competitive reaction that produces DMB in an aqueous solution. The yield of DMB increased as the volume ratio of water increased. To understand the solvent effect of the photolysis of selected DMB-based compounds, a combination of femtosecond to nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopies (fs-TA and ns-TA), nanosecond time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy (ns-TR3) and quantum chemical calculation was employed to study the photophysical and photochemical reaction mechanisms of DMB fluoride in different solutions. Facilitated by the bichromophoric nature of DMB fluoride with electron-donating and -withdrawing chromophores, the cyclized intermediates could be found in a pure MeCN solution. The deprotection of a cyclic biradical intermediate results in the simultaneous formation of DMBF and a cyclic cation species. On the other hand, in aqueous solution, fs-TA experiments revealed that α-keto cations could be observed after excitation directly, which could easily produce the DMB through the addition of a hydroxyl within 8.7 ps. This work provides comprehensive photo-deactivation mechanisms of DMB fluoride in MeCN and aqueous conditions and provides critical insights regarding the biomedical application of DMB-based PRPG compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runhui Liang
- Tech X Academy, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yuanchun Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Kin Cheung Lo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Zhiping Yan
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wenjian Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao S, Zhang C, Wang S, Lu K, Wang B, Huang J, Peng H, Li N, Liu M. Photothermally driven decoupling of gas evolution at the solid-liquid interface for boosted photocatalytic hydrogen production. NANOSCALE 2023; 16:152-162. [PMID: 38063805 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04937j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The slow mass transfer, especially the gas evolution process at the solid-liquid interface in photocatalytic water splitting, restricts the overall efficiency of the hydrogen evolution reaction. Here, we report a novel gas-solid photocatalytic reaction system by decoupling hydrogen generation from a traditional solid-liquid interface. The success relies on annealing commercial melamine sponge (AMS) for effective photothermal conversion that leads to rapid water evaporation. The vapor flows towards the photocatalyst covering the surface of the AMS and is split by the catalyst therein. This liquid-gas/gas-solid coupling system avoids the formation of photocatalytic bubbles at the solid-liquid interface, leading to significantly improved mass transfer and conversion. Utilizing CdS nanorods anchored by highly dispersed nickel atoms/clusters as a model photocatalyst, the highest hydrogen evolution rate from water splitting reaches 686.39 μmol h-1, which is 5.31 times that of the traditional solid-liquid-gas triphase system. The solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency can be up to 2.06%. This study provides a new idea for the design and construction of efficient practical photocatalytic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Zhao
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Chunyang Zhang
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Shujian Wang
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Kejian Lu
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Biao Wang
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Huang
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Peng
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Naixu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, No.2 Dongnandaxue Road, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Maochang Liu
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P. R. China.
- Suzhou Academy of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Gree Altairnano New Energy Inc, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519040, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bhatta S, Senapati BK, Patra SK, Nanda S. A sequential Friedländer and anionic benzannulation strategy for the regiodefined assembly of unsymmetrical acridines. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8727-8738. [PMID: 37870846 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01470c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
An efficient sequential double-annulation strategy has been developed to afford a series of unsymmetrical acridines with high yield and regioselectivity for the first time. This simple protocol enables the sequential assembly of two aromatic rings from simple starting materials. The reaction proceeds via modified Friedländer annulation and subsequent base-mediated benzannulation with acrylates as Michael acceptors. A range of substrate scope and functional group tolerance is observed. Late-stage synthetic modification is also explored to access novel unsymmetrical acridines in good yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Bhatta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Bidyut Kumar Senapati
- Department of Chemistry, Midnapore College (Autonomous), Midnapore, West Bengal, 721101, India
| | - Sanjib Kumar Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Samik Nanda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mathew R, Verma P, Barak A, Adithya Lakshmanna Y. Excited-State Dynamics in 4-[4'(Dimethylamino)styryl]pyridine, a Photobase: Role of Photoinitiated Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7419-7428. [PMID: 37647516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The photoinitiated proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process in photoacid-based adducts is predominantly governed by the evolution of the electron-proton transfer state. However, such a process is underexplored in the case of photobases as the excited states evolve through multiple competitive channels. Here, we elucidate the excited-state dynamics of a photobase, 4-[4'-(dimethylamino)styryl]pyridine (DMASP), in the presence of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) that enables PCET. Transient absorption measurements show the evolution of a protonated species in the excited state with a time constant of ∼2.5 ps. Fluorescence upconversion measurements reveal the signatures of an emissive intramolecular charge transfer state and a protonated state. The role of such states is further confirmed by time-resolved measurements in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid and computational analysis. Furthermore, the proton-abstraction dynamics of DMASP is analyzed in bulk methanol and butanol solvents. The extent of proton abstraction by DMASP is found to be higher in the presence of HFIP when compared with the normal alcohols over a time period of a few picoseconds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Mathew
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Preetika Verma
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Arvind Barak
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Yapamanu Adithya Lakshmanna
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang L, Wang X, Zhou S, Ren J, Liu L, Xiao C, Deng C. Single-particle dispersion of carbon dots in the nano-hydroxyapatite lattice achieving solid-state green fluorescence. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:3304-3315. [PMID: 37325540 PMCID: PMC10263101 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00106g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), as new carbon nanomaterials, have potential applications in multiple fields due to their superior optical properties, good biocompatibility, and easy preparation. However, CDs are typically an aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) material, which has a huge limitation on the practical application of CDs. To solve this problem, in this paper, CDs were prepared by the solvothermal method using citric acid and o-phenylenediamine as precursors and dimethylformamide as solvent. Then using CDs as nucleating agents, solid-state green fluorescent CDs were synthesized by in situ growth of nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals on the surface of CDs. The results show that CDs are stably dispersed single-particlely in the form of bulk defects in the nano-HA lattice matrices with a dispersion concentration of 3.10%, and solid-state green fluorescence of CDs is achieved with a stable emission wavelength peak position near 503 nm, which provides a new solution to the ACQ problem. CDs-HA nanopowders were further used as LED phosphors to obtain bright green LEDs. In addition, CDs-HA nanopowders showed excellent performance in cell imaging (mBMSCs and 143B) applications, which provides a new scheme for further applications of CDs in the field of cell imaging and even in vivo imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lunzhu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology China
| | - Xinru Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology China
| | - Shuoshuo Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology China
| | - Jian Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology China
| | - Liting Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology China
| | - Cairong Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology China
| | - Chunlin Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu D, Ding T, Wang L, Zhang H, Xu L, Pang B, Liu X, Wang H, Wang J, Wu K, Yao T. In situ constructing atomic interface in ruthenium-based amorphous hybrid-structure towards solar hydrogen evolution. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1720. [PMID: 36977693 PMCID: PMC10050010 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The rational steering and construction of efficient and stable atomic interfaces is highly desirable but rather challenging in solar energy conversion. Here, we report an in-situ oxygen impregnation strategy to build abundant atomic interfaces composed of homogeneous Ru and RuOx amorphous hybrid-mixture with ultrafast charge transfer, for solar hydrogen evolution with sacrificial agent free. Via in-situ synchrotron X-ray absorption and photoelectron spectroscopies, we can precisely track and identify the gradual formation of atomic interfaces towards homogeneous Ru-RuOx hybrid-structure at the atomic level. Benefiting from the abundant interfaces, the amorphous RuOx sites can intrinsically trap the photoexcited hole within an ultrafast process (<100 fs), and the amorphous Ru sites enable subsequent electron transfer (~1.73 ps). Hence, this hybrid-structure triggers long-lived charge-separated states, and results in a high hydrogen evolution rate of 60.8 μmol·h-1. This design integrating the two sites fulfilled each half-reaction in a single hybrid-structure suggests potential guidelines towards efficient artificial photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Tao Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China.
| | - Lifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Li Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Pang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokang Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China.
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Experimental Center of Engineering and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Junhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Excited state intramolecular proton transfer in 1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
|
8
|
Kasprzyk W, Świergosz T, Romańczyk PP, Feldmann J, Stolarczyk JK. The role of molecular fluorophores in the photoluminescence of carbon dots derived from citric acid: current state-of-the-art and future perspectives. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14368-14384. [PMID: 36156633 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03176k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), an emerging class of nanomaterials, have attracted considerable attention due to their intriguing photophysical properties. Despite their indisputable potential of utilization in many fascinating areas of research and life, some fundamental aspects concerning their structure and the origin of their photoluminescence (PL) properties still await clarification. The mechanism of PL emission of CDs is associated with their structure, which is dependent on the carbonization process. At the initial stages of CD synthesis via a bottom-up approach, molecular fluorophores are considered to dominate the optical characteristics of the resulting nanomaterials. In this review, the recent progress in the use of molecular state theory for explanation of the structure-property relationship in CDs is summarized. This review focuses exclusively on the molecular fluorophores existing in nanomaterials prepared from citric acid (CA) as one of the most frequent carbon sources reported for the bottom-up synthesis of CDs. Consequently, the most relevant transformations of CA and the history of molecular fluorophores derived from it are described, followed by an in-depth discussion on their relevance in understanding the specific photophysical properties of blue-, green-, and red-emitting CDs. Finally, the challenging issues and future perspectives of molecular state PL mechanism exploration in CDs are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wiktor Kasprzyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Świergosz
- Department of Chemical Technology and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr P Romańczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jochen Feldmann
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstrasse 10, Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - Jacek K Stolarczyk
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Königinstrasse 10, Munich, 80539, Germany
- Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Traxler M, Gisbertz S, Pachfule P, Schmidt J, Roeser J, Reischauer S, Rabeah J, Pieber B, Thomas A. Acridine-Functionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) as Photocatalysts for Metallaphotocatalytic C-N Cross-Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117738. [PMID: 35188714 PMCID: PMC9400916 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are structurally tuneable, porous and crystalline polymers constructed through the covalent attachment of small organic building blocks as elementary units. Using the myriad of such building blocks, a broad spectrum of functionalities has been applied for COF syntheses for broad applications, including heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we report the synthesis of a new family of porous and crystalline COFs using a novel acridine linker and benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarbaldehyde derivatives bearing a variable number of hydroxy groups. With the broad absorption in the visible light region, the COFs were applied as photocatalysts in metallaphotocatalytic C−N cross‐coupling. The fully β‐ketoenamine linked COF showed the highest activity, due to the increased charge separation upon irradiation. The COF showed good to excellent yields for several aryl bromides, good recyclability and even catalyzed the organic transformation in presence of green light as energy source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Traxler
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gisbertz
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pradip Pachfule
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemical, Biological & Macro-Molecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, 700106, India
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jérôme Roeser
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Reischauer
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis (LIKAT Rostock), Universität Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Perylenetetracarboxylic acid nanosheets with internal electric fields and anisotropic charge migration for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2067. [PMID: 35440732 PMCID: PMC9018690 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly efficient hydrogen evolution reactions carried out via photocatalysis using solar light remain a formidable challenge. Herein, perylenetetracarboxylic acid nanosheets with a monolayer thickness of ~1.5 nm were synthesized and shown to be active hydrogen evolution photocatalysts with production rates of 118.9 mmol g−1 h−1. The carboxyl groups increased the intensity of the internal electric fields of perylenetetracarboxylic acid from the perylene center to the carboxyl border by 10.3 times to promote charge-carrier separation. The photogenerated electrons and holes migrated to the edge and plane, respectively, to weaken charge-carrier recombination. Moreover, the perylenetetracarboxylic acid reduction potential increases from −0.47 V to −1.13 V due to the decreased molecular conjugation and enhances the reduction ability. In addition, the carboxyl groups created hydrophilic sites. This work provides a strategy to engineer the molecular structures of future efficient photocatalysts. While organic semiconductors provide a highly tailorable set of systems for solar-to-fuel conversion, such materials often show worse activities than inorganic materials. Here, authors prepare perylene-based nanosheets that demonstrate excellent performances for photocatalytic H2 evolution.
Collapse
|
11
|
Domcke W, Sobolewski AL. Water Oxidation and Hydrogen Evolution with Organic Photooxidants: A Theoretical Perspective. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2777-2788. [PMID: 35385277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we discuss a novel water-splitting scenario, namely the direct oxidation of water molecules by organic photooxidants in hydrogen-bonded chromophore-water complexes. In comparison with the established scenario of semiconductor-based water splitting, the distance of electron transfer processes is thereby reduced from mesoscopic scales to the Ångström scale, and the time scale is reduced from milliseconds to femtoseconds, which suppresses competing loss processes. The concept is illustrated by computational studies for the heptazine-H2O complex. The excited-state landscape of this complex has been characterized with ab initio electronic-structure methods and the proton-coupled electron-transfer dynamics has been explored with nonadiabatic dynamics simulations. A unique feature of the heptazine chromophore is the existence of a low-lying and exceptionally long-lived 1ππ* state in which a substantial part of the photon energy can be stored for hundreds of nanoseconds and is available for the oxidation of water molecules. The calculations reveal that the absorption spectra and the photochemical functionalities of heptazine chromophores can be systematically tailored by chemical substitution. The options of harvesting hydrogen and the problems posed by the high reactivity of OH radicals are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Traxler M, Gisbertz S, Pachfule P, Schmidt J, Roeser J, Reischauer S, Rabeah J, Pieber B, Thomas A. Acridine‐Functionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) as Photocatalysts for Metallaphotocatalytic C−N Cross‐Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Traxler
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials Technische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Sebastian Gisbertz
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Pradip Pachfule
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials Technische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
- Department of Chemical, Biological & Macro-Molecular Sciences S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Kolkata 700106 India
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials Technische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Jérôme Roeser
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials Technische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Susanne Reischauer
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis (LIKAT Rostock) Universität Rostock 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of Chemistry/Functional Materials Technische Universität Berlin Hardenbergstraße 40 10623 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ðorđević L, Arcudi F, Cacioppo M, Prato M. A multifunctional chemical toolbox to engineer carbon dots for biomedical and energy applications. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:112-130. [PMID: 35173327 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-01051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescent carbon nanoparticles, or carbon dots, are an emerging class of materials that has recently attracted considerable attention for biomedical and energy applications. They are defined by characteristic sizes of <10 nm, a carbon-based core and the possibility to add various functional groups at their surface for targeted applications. These nanomaterials possess many interesting physicochemical and optical properties, which include tunable light emission, dispersibility and low toxicity. In this Review, we categorize how chemical tools impact the properties of carbon dots. We look for pre- and postsynthetic approaches for the preparation of carbon dots and their derivatives or composites. We then showcase examples to correlate structure, composition and function and use them to discuss the future development of this class of nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luka Ðorđević
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Francesca Arcudi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Michele Cacioppo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM UdR Trieste, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.
- Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, Bilbao, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jana B, Reva Y, Scharl T, Strauss V, Cadranel A, Guldi DM. Carbon Nanodots for All-in-One Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20122-20132. [PMID: 34843242 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanodots (CNDs) were photochemically altered to produce dihydrogen under light irradiation. Within the complex structure of CNDs, photo-oxidation takes place at citrazinic acid molecular fluorophore sites. Important is the fact that the resulting CND materials have a dual function. On one hand, they absorb light, and on the other hand, they photo- and electrocatalytically produce dihydrogen from water and seawater, without any external photosensitizer or cocatalyst. Record HER activities of 15.15 and 19.70 mmol(H2) g(catalyst)-1 h-1 were obtained after 1 h of 75 mW/cm2 Xe lamp illumination, from water and seawater, respectively. This impressive performance outweighs the remaining structural uncertainties. A full-fledged physicochemical investigation based on an arsenal of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic characterizations together with microscopy enabled a comprehensive look into the reaction mechanism. For an efficient dihydrogen formation, a precatalytic activation by means of reduction with a sacrificial electron donor is imperative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Jana
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yana Reva
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Scharl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Volker Strauss
- Max Planck Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alejandro Cadranel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Física de Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu X, Zhou Y, Zeng D, Wang H, Qiao S, Zhang L, Wang W. Catalytic Acetalization and Hydrogenation of Furfural over the Light‐Tunable Phosphated TiO
2
Catalyst. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics andSuperfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences 1295 Dingxi Road Shanghai 200050 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics andSuperfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences 1295 Dingxi Road Shanghai 200050 People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics andSuperfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences 1295 Dingxi Road Shanghai 200050 People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Haipeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics andSuperfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences 1295 Dingxi Road Shanghai 200050 People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Simeng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics andSuperfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences 1295 Dingxi Road Shanghai 200050 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics andSuperfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences 1295 Dingxi Road Shanghai 200050 People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics andSuperfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences 1295 Dingxi Road Shanghai 200050 People's Republic of China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shanmuganathan V, Santhosh Kumar J, Pachaiappan R, Thangadurai P. Transition metal ion-doped In 2O 3 nanocubes: investigation of their photocatalytic degradation activity under sunlight. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:471-485. [PMID: 36131727 PMCID: PMC9418826 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00694g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the effect of transition metal ion doping (1 wt% of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) in indium oxide (In2O3) on its photocatalytic activity to degrade organic dyes, which are considered potential environment pollutants. The transition metal ion-doped In2O3 nanocube photocatalyst was prepared via the hydrothermal method. After understanding the thermal behavior of the as-prepared sample (In(OH)3), it was calcined at 400 °C for 3 h to obtain In2O3. The In2O3 was systematically investigated via FESEM, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis absorption analysis. Microstructure analysis by FESEM showed that the In2O3 was formed as nanocubes. These nanocubes were formed in a single phase with a cubic crystal structure, while their crystallite size increased from 11 nm to 19 nm when doped with 1 wt% of transition metals, including Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu. The band gap energy for pure In2O3 was determined to be 3 eV, and that for the metal ion-doped In2O3 showed a slight decrease to the lowest value of 2.94 eV. The photoluminescence (PL) decay lifetime was found to be in the range of 28.56 ns to 33.89 ns. Photocatalytic experiments were conducted for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under sunlight irradiation in the presence of the In2O3 nanocubes. Among the five metal ion-doped samples, the Ni ion-doped In2O3 photocatalyst exhibited the highest degradation efficiency of 98% in 270 min of sunlight exposure. The high performance of Ni-In2O3 is due to its highest PL lifetime of 33.89 ns. The complete route for the degradation of MB dye was revealed by identifying the intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayaraj Santhosh Kumar
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University Kalapet Pondicherry 605014 India
| | - Raman Pachaiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University Kattankulathur 603 203 Tamilnadu India
| | - Paramasivam Thangadurai
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University Kalapet Pondicherry 605014 India
| |
Collapse
|