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Granchi N, Intonti F, Florescu M, García PD, Gurioli M, Arregui G. Q-Factor Optimization of Modes in Ordered and Disordered Photonic Systems Using Non-Hermitian Perturbation Theory. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:2808-2815. [PMID: 37602292 PMCID: PMC10436348 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The quality factor, Q, of photonic resonators permeates most figures of merit in applications that rely on cavity-enhanced light-matter interaction such as all-optical information processing, high-resolution sensing, or ultralow-threshold lasing. As a consequence, large-scale efforts have been devoted to understanding and efficiently computing and optimizing the Q of optical resonators in the design stage. This has generated large know-how on the relation between physical quantities of the cavity, e.g., Q, and controllable parameters, e.g., hole positions, for engineered cavities in gaped photonic crystals. However, such a correspondence is much less intuitive in the case of modes in disordered photonic media, e.g., Anderson-localized modes. Here, we demonstrate that the theoretical framework of quasinormal modes (QNMs), a non-Hermitian perturbation theory for shifting material boundaries, and a finite-element complex eigensolver provide an ideal toolbox for the automated shape optimization of Q of a single photonic mode in both ordered and disordered environments. We benchmark the non-Hermitian perturbation formula and employ it to optimize the Q-factor of a photonic mode relative to the position of vertically etched holes in a dielectric slab for two different settings: first, for the fundamental mode of L3 cavities with various footprints, demonstrating that the approach simultaneously takes in-plane and out-of-plane losses into account and leads to minor modal structure modifications; and second, for an Anderson-localized mode with an initial Q of 200, which evolves into a completely different mode, displaying a threefold reduction in the mode volume, a different overall spatial location, and, notably, a 3 order of magnitude increase in Q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Granchi
- Department
of Physics, University of Florence, via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
- European
Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Francesca Intonti
- Department
of Physics, University of Florence, via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
- European
Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Marian Florescu
- Advanced
Technology Institute and Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, U.K.
| | - Pedro David García
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Sor Juana Inés de la
Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Massimo Gurioli
- Department
of Physics, University of Florence, via Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
- European
Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Guillermo Arregui
- Department
of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, DTU Electro, Technical University of Denmark, Building 343, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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López C. Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208683. [PMID: 36560859 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is gaining strength, and materials science can both contribute to and profit from it. In a simultaneous progress race, new materials, systems, and processes can be devised and optimized thanks to machine learning (ML) techniques, and such progress can be turned into innovative computing platforms. Future materials scientists will profit from understanding how ML can boost the conception of advanced materials. This review covers aspects of computation from the fundamentals to directions taken and repercussions produced by computation to account for the origins, procedures, and applications of AI. ML and its methods are reviewed to provide basic knowledge of its implementation and its potential. The materials and systems used to implement AI with electric charges are finding serious competition from other information-carrying and processing agents. The impact these techniques have on the inception of new advanced materials is so deep that a new paradigm is developing where implicit knowledge is being mined to conceive materials and systems for functions instead of finding applications to found materials. How far this trend can be carried is hard to fathom, as exemplified by the power to discover unheard of materials or physical laws buried in data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cefe López
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Centre (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 4, San Sebastián, 20018, España
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Yu S, Park N. Heavy tails and pruning in programmable photonic circuits for universal unitaries. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1853. [PMID: 37012281 PMCID: PMC10070444 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37611-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing hardware for high-dimensional unitary operators plays a vital role in implementing quantum computations and deep learning accelerations. Programmable photonic circuits are singularly promising candidates for universal unitaries owing to intrinsic unitarity, ultrafast tunability and energy efficiency of photonic platforms. Nonetheless, when the scale of a photonic circuit increases, the effects of noise on the fidelity of quantum operators and deep learning weight matrices become more severe. Here we demonstrate a nontrivial stochastic nature of large-scale programmable photonic circuits-heavy-tailed distributions of rotation operators-that enables the development of high-fidelity universal unitaries through designed pruning of superfluous rotations. The power law and the Pareto principle for the conventional architecture of programmable photonic circuits are revealed with the presence of hub phase shifters, allowing for the application of network pruning to the design of photonic hardware. For the Clements design of programmable photonic circuits, we extract a universal architecture for pruning random unitary matrices and prove that "the bad is sometimes better to be removed" to achieve high fidelity and energy efficiency. This result lowers the hurdle for high fidelity in large-scale quantum computing and photonic deep learning accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyu Yu
- Intelligent Wave Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Namkyoo Park
- Photonic Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Ali M, Haque AKMN, Sadik N, Ahmed T, Baten MZ. Predicting strongly localized resonant modes of light in disordered arrays of dielectric scatterers: a machine learning approach. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:826-842. [PMID: 36785131 DOI: 10.1364/oe.475495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we predict the most strongly confined resonant mode of light in strongly disordered systems of dielectric scatterers employing the data-driven approach of machine learning. For training, validation, and test purposes of the proposed regression architecture-based deep neural network (DNN), a dataset containing resonant characteristics of light in 8,400 random arrays of dielectric scatterers is generated employing finite difference time domain (FDTD) analysis technique. To enhance the convergence and accuracy of the overall model, an auto-encoder is utilized as the weight initializer of the regression model, which contains three convolutional layers and three fully connected layers. Given the refractive index profile of the disordered system, the trained model can instantaneously predict the Anderson localized resonant wavelength of light with a minimum error of 0.0037%. A correlation coefficient of 0.95 or higher is obtained between the FDTD simulation results and DNN predictions. Such a high level of accuracy is maintained in inhomogeneous disordered media containing Gaussian distribution of diameter of the scattering particles. Moreover, the prediction scheme is found to be robust against any combination of diameters and fill factors of the disordered medium. The proposed model thereby leverages the benefits of machine learning for predicting the complex behavior of light in strongly disordered systems.
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Comparison between deep learning and fully connected neural network in performance prediction of power cycles: Taking supercritical CO
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Brayton cycle as an example. INT J INTELL SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/int.22603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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