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Krishna S, Prajapati B, Seth P, Sinha S. Dickopff 1 inhibits cancer stem cell properties and promotes neuronal differentiation of human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 17:73-82. [PMID: 39021664 PMCID: PMC11253693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastomas are pediatric tumors arising from undifferentiated cells of neural crest origin with stem cell-like characteristics. Dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been shown to be linked to the development of various tumors. Activated Wnt signaling results in β-catenin accumulation in the nucleus to support pro-neoplastic traits. DKK1, a secreted glycoprotein, is an inhibitor of Wnt signaling, and the addition of DKKI to the culture medium has been used to suppress the Wnt pathway. This study aimed to analyze the role of Dickopff-1 as a potential differentiating agent for the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y and neurospheres derived from it. The treatment of SH-5Y5Y derived neurospheres by DKK1 resulted in their disintegration and reduced proliferation markers like Ki67, PCNA. DKK1 treatment to the neurospheres also resulted in the loss of cancer stem cell markers like CD133, KIT and pluripotency markers like SOX2, OCT4, NANOG. DKK1 treatment caused reduction in mRNA expression of β-catenin and TCF genes like TCF4, TCF12. When the SH-SY5Y cancer cells were grown under differentiating conditions, DKKI caused neuronal differentiation by itself, and in synergy with retinoic acid. This was verified by the expression of markers like MAPT, DCX, GAP43, ENO2 and also with changes in neurite length. We concluded that Wnt inhibition, as exemplified by DKK1 treatment, is therefore a possible differentiating condition and also suppresses the proliferative and cancer stemness related properties of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bharat Prajapati
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurugram, India
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pankaj Seth
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurugram, India
| | - Subrata Sinha
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurugram, India
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Samant C, Kale R, Pai KSR, Nandakumar K, Bhonde M. Role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cancer drug resistance: Insights into molecular aspects of major solid tumors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 729:150348. [PMID: 38986260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive resistance to conventional and targeted therapies remains one of the major obstacles in the effective management of cancer. Aberrant activation of key signaling mechanisms plays a pivotal role in modulating resistance to drugs. An evolutionarily conserved Wnt/β-catenin pathway is one of the signaling cascades which regulate resistance to drugs. Elevated Wnt signaling confers resistance to anticancer therapies, either through direct activation of its target genes or via indirect mechanisms and crosstalk over other signaling pathways. Involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cancer hallmarks like inhibition of apoptosis, promotion of invasion and metastasis and cancer stem cell maintenance makes this pathway a potential target to exploit for addressing drug resistance. Accumulating evidences suggest a critical role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in imparting resistance across multiple cancers including PDAC, NSCLC, TNBC, etc. Here we present a comprehensive assessment of how Wnt/β-catenin pathway mediates cancer drug resistance in majority of the solid tumors. We take a deep dive into the Wnt/β-catenin signaling-mediated modulation of cellular and downstream molecular mechanisms and their impact on cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charudatt Samant
- Department of Pharmacology, Novel Drug Discovery and Development (NDDD), Lupin Limited, Survey No. 46A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune, 412115, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Ramesh Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, Novel Drug Discovery and Development (NDDD), Lupin Limited, Survey No. 46A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune, 412115, Maharashtra, India
| | - K Sreedhara Ranganath Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krishnadas Nandakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Mandar Bhonde
- Department of Pharmacology, Novel Drug Discovery and Development (NDDD), Lupin Limited, Survey No. 46A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune, 412115, Maharashtra, India
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Sun J, Zhang S, Wang M, Cheng H, Wang Y, He S, Zuo Q, Wang N, Li Q, Wang M. Cinobufacini enhances the therapeutic response of 5-Fluorouracil against gastric cancer by targeting cancer stem cells via AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling axis. Transl Oncol 2024; 47:102054. [PMID: 38970916 PMCID: PMC11282984 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) play crucial role in the development, recurrence, and resistance of gastric cancer (GC). Cinobufacini, a traditional Chinese medicine, offers significant advantages in improving tumor therapy. However, pre-clinical investigation into the antitumor effect and mechanism of Cinobufacini on GC is still lacking. Additionally, it has not been reported whether Cinobufacini is related to cancer stem cells (CSCs). METHODS The CCK-8, clone formation, EdU staining, transwell and wound healing experiments were performed to assess the cell toxicity of Cinobufacini and demonstrate the preventive effects of Cinobufacini on proliferation, invasion, and migration of GC cells. Elucidating the underlying mechanism of Cinobufacini in GC based on the transcriptome sequencing. Flow cytometry assays, sphere formation assays, subcutaneous xenograft model in nude mice, and immunofluorescent staining have been used to investigate whether the anti-GC effect of Cinobufacini is associated with GCSCs and enhancing therapeutic response to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). RESULTS Cinobufacini exerts minimal impact on normal human gastric epithelium cell GES-1, while significantly suppressing the proliferation, invasion, and migration of GC cell lines. Additionally, Cinobufacini attenuates the stemness of GCSCs by disrupting the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling cascade. Moreover, Cinobufacin enhances the anti-tumor effects of 5-FU against GCSCs by reducing in vitro sphere formation and inhibiting subcutaneous graft tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Cinobufacini enhances the therapeutic response of 5-FU against GC by targeting CSCs via AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling axis. Our findings offer a crucial insight into the molecular mechanism of Cinobufacini's anticancer activity in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Sufeng Zhang
- College of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- College of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Shiming He
- College of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Qiang Zuo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China.
| | - Manman Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230038, China.
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Sun R, Sun C, Yue Z, Yin G, Zhou L, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Tang D, Tan X. Astragali Radix-Curcumae Rhizoma herb pair reduces the stemness of colorectal cancer cells through HIF-2α/β-catenin pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155824. [PMID: 38941816 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality and significantly impairs quality of life. Astragali Radix-Curcumae Rhizoma (AC) is widely employed in the treatment of CRC in Chinese medicine, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which AC inhibits CRC progression. METHODS The active components of AC were identified using UPLC-MS/MS analysis. An orthotopic transplantation colorectal tumor model was established in BALB/c mice using the CT26-Lucifer cell line to evaluate the effects of AC. Tumor volumes were monitored using IVIS imaging technology. Histological examination of tumor morphology was performed with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Transcriptomic sequencing of mouse tumor samples was conducted to identify critical pathways and molecular targets. The impact of AC on cell viability and migration was assessed using CCK-8 and wound healing assays, respectively. To investigate the effects of AC on CRC cells, an in vitro hypoxic model was established using cobalt chloride (CoCl2), a hypoxia inducer. HIF-2α overexpression was achieved by constructing stable lentiviral vectors. Key targets identified from RNA-seq, such as c-Myc, Ki-67, β-catenin, cleaved caspase 3, CD133, and CD44, were evaluated using western blotting, qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence assays. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and spheroid cloning assays were employed to evaluate phenotypic changes in cancer stem cells. RESULTS Twelve components of AC were identified. AC effectively inhibited CRC progression in vivo. Transcriptomic analysis highlighted hypoxic signaling as a significantly enriched pathway, implicating its role in suppressing CRC progression by AC. In the hypoxic model, AC inhibited the proliferation and migration of CRC cells in vitro. Furthermore, AC reduced cancer stemness by downregulating stemness markers, inhibiting EMT, and decreasing tumor sphere formation. The downregulation of hypoxic responses and the shift in stemness by AC involved attenuation of HIF-2α and WNT/β-catenin signaling. CONCLUSION This study provides the first evidence that AC reduces the stemness of CRC and the inhibition of the transition of CRC to stem-like cells by AC is closely related to the downregulation of the HIF-2α/β-catenin pathway, especially under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqian Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zengyaran Yue
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Gang Yin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Clinic Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Decai Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiying Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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He J, Qiu Z, Fan J, Xie X, Sheng Q, Sui X. Drug tolerant persister cell plasticity in cancer: A revolutionary strategy for more effective anticancer therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:209. [PMID: 39138145 PMCID: PMC11322379 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-genetic mechanisms have recently emerged as important drivers of anticancer drug resistance. Among these, the drug tolerant persister (DTP) cell phenotype is attracting more and more attention and giving a predominant non-genetic role in cancer therapy resistance. The DTP phenotype is characterized by a quiescent or slow-cell-cycle reversible state of the cancer cell subpopulation and inert specialization to stimuli, which tolerates anticancer drug exposure to some extent through the interaction of multiple underlying mechanisms and recovering growth and proliferation after drug withdrawal, ultimately leading to treatment resistance and cancer recurrence. Therefore, targeting DTP cells is anticipated to provide new treatment opportunities for cancer patients, although our current knowledge of these DTP cells in treatment resistance remains limited. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the formation characteristics and underlying drug tolerant mechanisms of DTP cells, investigate the potential drugs for DTP (including preclinical drugs, novel use for old drugs, and natural products) based on different medicine models, and discuss the necessity and feasibility of anti-DTP therapy, related application forms, and future issues that will need to be addressed to advance this emerging field towards clinical applications. Nonetheless, understanding the novel functions of DTP cells may enable us to develop new more effective anticancer therapy and improve clinical outcomes for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Zejing Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Jingjing Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qinsong Sheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xinbing Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China.
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Li X, Chen Y, Liang Y, Shi W. 5-Fluorouracil resistance due to sphingosine kinase 2 overexpression in colorectal cancer is associated with myeloid-derived suppressor cell-mediated immunosuppressive effects. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:983. [PMID: 39118083 PMCID: PMC11313101 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12742-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the top five cancer-related causes of mortality globally. Acquired resistance has hindered the effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the main chemotherapeutic drug used to treat CRC. Sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) may be a cancer treatment target and involved in 5-FU resistance. METHODS Cell growth was examined using MTT and clone formation assays for SphK2 expression. To identify immune cells in mice, flow cytometry was performed. West blotting demonstrated alterations in cell division and inflammation-related proteins. SphK2 levels and inflammation-related variables were studied using Elisa. RESULTS Due to SphK2 overexpression, immunosuppression, and 5-FU resistance are caused by the development of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) subsequent to IL-6/STAT3 activation and alterations in the arginase (ARG-1) protein. After therapy, the combination of SphK2 inhibitors and 5-FU can effectively suppress MDSCs while increasing CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment, lowering tumor burden, and exhibiting a therapeutic impact on CRC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that 5-FU treatment combined with simultaneous Spkh2 inhibition by ABC294640 has anti-tumor synergistic effects by influencing multiple effects on tumor cells, T cells, and MDSCs, potentially improving the poor prognosis of colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Li
- Maternal and Child Health Development Research Center, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, China
| | - Yungao Chen
- Human Resources Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yulin Liang
- School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenna Shi
- Department of Pharmacy and Shandong Provincial key Traditional Chinese Medical Discipline of Clinical Chinese pharmacy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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van der Graaff D, Seghers S, Vanclooster P, Deben C, Vandamme T, Prenen H. Advancements in Research and Treatment Applications of Patient-Derived Tumor Organoids in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2671. [PMID: 39123399 PMCID: PMC11311786 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant health burden globally, being the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Despite significant therapeutic advancements, resistance to systemic antineoplastic agents remains an important obstacle, highlighting the need for innovative screening tools to tailor patient-specific treatment. This review explores the application of patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs), three-dimensional, self-organizing models derived from patient tumor samples, as screening tools for drug resistance in CRC. PDTOs offer unique advantages over traditional models by recapitulating the tumor architecture, cellular heterogeneity, and genomic landscape and are a valuable ex vivo predictive drug screening tool. This review provides an overview of the current literature surrounding the use of PDTOs as an instrument for predicting therapy responses in CRC. We also explore more complex models, such as co-cultures with important stromal cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, and organ-on-a-chip models. Furthermore, we discuss the use of PDTOs for drug repurposing, offering a new approach to identify the existing drugs effective against drug-resistant CRC. Additionally, we explore how PDTOs serve as models to gain insights into drug resistance mechanisms, using newer techniques, such as single-cell RNA sequencing and CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. Through this review, we aim to highlight the potential of PDTOs in advancing our understanding of predicting therapy responses, drug resistance, and biomarker identification in CRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofie Seghers
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Christophe Deben
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Timon Vandamme
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hans Prenen
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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Yang MH, Basappa B, Deveshegowda SN, Ravish A, Mohan A, Nagaraja O, Madegowda M, Rangappa KS, Deivasigamani A, Pandey V, Lobie PE, Hui KM, Sethi G, Ahn KS. A novel drug prejudice scaffold-imidazopyridine-conjugate can promote cell death in a colorectal cancer model by binding to β-catenin and suppressing the Wnt signaling pathway. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00305-9. [PMID: 39067696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer, and its treatment frequently includes the utilization of drugs based on antibodies and small molecules. The development of CRC has been linked to various signaling pathways, with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway identified as a key target for intervention. OBJECTIVES We have explored the impact of imidazopyridine-tethered chalcone-C (CHL-C) in CRC models. METHODS To determine the influence of CHL-C on apoptosis and autophagy, Western blot analysis, annexin V assay, cell cycle analysis, acridine orange staining, and immunocytochemistry were performed. Next, the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the anti-cancer effects of CHL-C in vivo were examined in an orthotopic HCT-116 mouse model. RESULTS We describe the synthesis and biological assessment of the CHL series as inhibitors of the viability of HCT-116, SW480, HT-29, HCT-15, and SNU-C2A CRC cell lines. Further biological evaluations showed that CHL-C induced apoptosis and autophagy in down-regulated β-catenin, Wnt3a, FZD-1, Axin-1, and p-GSK-3β (Ser9), and up-regulated p-GSK3β (Tyr216) and β-TrCP. In-depth analysis using structure-based bioinformatics showed that CHL-C strongly binds to β-catenin, with a binding affinity comparable to that of ICG-001, a well-known β-catenin inhibitor. Additionally, our in vivo research showed that CHL-C markedly inhibited tumor growth and triggered the activation of both apoptosis and autophagy in tumor tissues. CONCLUSION CHL-C is capable of inducing apoptosis and autophagy by influencing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Yang
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Basappa Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Suresha N Deveshegowda
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Akshay Ravish
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Arunkumar Mohan
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Omantheswara Nagaraja
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Mahendra Madegowda
- Department of Studies in Physics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Kanchugarakoppal S Rangappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Amudha Deivasigamani
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China; Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China; Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kam Man Hui
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Chang WL, Peng JY, Hong CL, Li PC, Lu FJ, Chen CH. Parecoxib and 5-Fluorouracil Synergistically Inhibit EMT and Subsequent Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer by Targeting PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Signaling. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1526. [PMID: 39062099 PMCID: PMC11274433 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer mortality worldwide, and innovative drugs for the treatment of colorectal cancer are continually being developed. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a common clinical chemotherapeutic drug. Acquired resistance to 5-FU is a clinical challenge in colorectal cancer treatment. Parecoxib is a selective COX-2-specific inhibitor that was demonstrated to inhibit metastasis in colorectal cancers in our previous study. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic antimetastatic activities of parecoxib to 5-FU in human colorectal cancer cells and determine the underlying mechanisms. Parecoxib and 5-FU synergistically suppressed metastasis in colorectal cancer cells. Treatment with the parecoxib/5-FU combination induced an increase in E-cadherin and decrease in β-catenin expression. The parecoxib/5-FU combination inhibited MMP-9 activity, and the NF-κB pathway was suppressed as well. Mechanistic analysis denoted that the parecoxib/5-FU combination hindered the essential molecules of the PI3K/Akt route to obstruct metastatic colorectal cancer. Furthermore, the parecoxib/5-FU combination could inhibit reactive oxygen species. Our work showed the antimetastatic capacity of the parecoxib/5-FU combination for treating colorectal cancers via the targeting of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ling Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, No. 8, West Section of Jiapu Road, Puzi City 613016, Chiayi County, Taiwan; (W.-L.C.); (J.-Y.P.); (C.-L.H.); (P.-C.L.)
| | - Jyun-Yu Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, No. 8, West Section of Jiapu Road, Puzi City 613016, Chiayi County, Taiwan; (W.-L.C.); (J.-Y.P.); (C.-L.H.); (P.-C.L.)
| | - Chain-Lang Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, No. 8, West Section of Jiapu Road, Puzi City 613016, Chiayi County, Taiwan; (W.-L.C.); (J.-Y.P.); (C.-L.H.); (P.-C.L.)
| | - Pei-Ching Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, No. 8, West Section of Jiapu Road, Puzi City 613016, Chiayi County, Taiwan; (W.-L.C.); (J.-Y.P.); (C.-L.H.); (P.-C.L.)
| | - Fung-Jou Lu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City 402306, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Hsein Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, A25-303 Room, Life Sciences Hall, No. 300, Syuefu Road, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 600355, Taiwan
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Kang R, Park S, Shin S, Bak G, Park JC. Electrophysiological insights with brain organoid models: a brief review. BMB Rep 2024; 57:311-317. [PMID: 38919012 PMCID: PMC11289503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain organoid is a three-dimensional (3D) tissue derived from stem cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that reflect real human brain structure. It replicates the complexity and development of the human brain, enabling studies of the human brain in vitro. With emerging technologies, its application is various, including disease modeling and drug screening. A variety of experimental methods have been used to study structural and molecular characteristics of brain organoids. However, electrophysiological analysis is necessary to understand their functional characteristics and complexity. Although electrophysiological approaches have rapidly advanced for monolayered cells, there are some limitations in studying electrophysiological and neural network characteristics due to the lack of 3D characteristics. Herein, electrophysiological measurement and analytical methods related to neural complexity and 3D characteristics of brain organoids are reviewed. Overall, electrophysiological understanding of brain organoids allows us to overcome limitations of monolayer in vitro cell culture models, providing deep insights into the neural network complex of the real human brain and new ways of disease modeling. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(7): 311-317].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rian Kang
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Metabiohealth, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Soomin Park
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Saewoon Shin
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Gyusoo Bak
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Metabiohealth, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Park
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Metabiohealth, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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11
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Guo B, Zheng Y, Fan Y, Yang Y, Wang Y, Qin L, An Y, Xu X, Zhang X, Sun G, Dou H, Shao C, Gong Y, Jiang B, Hu H. Enhanced Apc Min/+ adenoma formation after epithelial CUL4B deletion by recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Neoplasia 2024; 53:101005. [PMID: 38761506 PMCID: PMC11127156 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.101005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as a prevalent malignancy globally. A pivotal event in CRC pathogenesis involves the loss-of-function mutation in the APC gene, leading to the formation of benign polyps. Despite the well-established role of APC, the contribution of CUL4B to CRC initiation in the pre-tumorous stage remains poorly understood. In this investigation, we generated a murine model by crossing ApcMin/+ mice with Cul4bΔIEC mice to achieve specific deletion of Cul4b in the gut epithelium against an ApcMin/+ background. By employing histological methods, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), and flow cytometry, we assessed alterations and characterized the immune microenvironment. Our results unveiled that CUL4B deficiency in gut epithelium expedited ApcMin/+ adenoma formation. Notably, CUL4B in adenomas restrained the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In vivo inhibition of MDSCs significantly delayed the growth of CUL4B deleted ApcMin/+ adenomas. Furthermore, the addition of MDSCs to in vitro cultured ApcMin/+; Cul4bΔIEC adenoma organoids mitigated their alterations. Mechanistically, CUL4B directly interacted with the promoter of Csf3, the gene encoding granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) by coordinating with PRC2. Inhibiting CUL4B epigenetically activated the expression of G-CSF, promoting the recruitment of MDSCs. These findings offer novel insights into the tumor suppressor-like roles of CUL4B in regulating ApcMin/+ adenomas, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for CRC initiation and progression in the context of activated Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yawen Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujia Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liping Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yachun An
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoran Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gongping Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Histoembryology, Shandong University Cheeloo Medical College, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Dou
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Baichun Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Huili Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China; The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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12
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Liu Y, Su Z, Tavana O, Gu W. Understanding the complexity of p53 in a new era of tumor suppression. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:946-967. [PMID: 38729160 PMCID: PMC11190820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
p53 was discovered 45 years ago as an SV40 large T antigen binding protein, coded by the most frequently mutated TP53 gene in human cancers. As a transcription factor, p53 is tightly regulated by a rich network of post-translational modifications to execute its diverse functions in tumor suppression. Although early studies established p53-mediated cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence as the classic barriers in cancer development, a growing number of new functions of p53 have been discovered and the scope of p53-mediated anti-tumor activity is largely expanded. Here, we review the complexity of different layers of p53 regulation, and the recent advance of the p53 pathway in metabolism, ferroptosis, immunity, and others that contribute to tumor suppression. We also discuss the challenge regarding how to activate p53 function specifically effective in inhibiting tumor growth without harming normal homeostasis for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhenyi Su
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omid Tavana
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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King A, Maisey T, Harris EL, Poulter JA, Jayne DG, Khot MI. The contradictory role of febuxostat in ABCG2 expression and potentiating hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy in colorectal cancers. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:1067-1075. [PMID: 38625651 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00575-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is an emerging method to treat colorectal cancers (CRC). Hypericin (HYP) is an effective mediator of PDT and the ABCG2 inhibitor, Febuxostat (FBX) could augment PDT. HT29 and HEK293 cells showed light dependant cytotoxic response to PDT in both 2D and 3D cell models. FBX co-treatment was not found to improve PDT cytotoxicity. Next, ABCG2 protein expression was observed in HT29 but not in HEK293 cells. However, ABCG2 gene expression analysis did not support protein expression results as ABCG2 gene expression results were found to be higher in HEK293 cells. Although HYP treatment was found to significantly reduce ABCG2 gene expression levels in both cell lines, FBX treatment partially restored ABCG2 gene expression. Our findings indicate that FBX co-treatment may not be suitable for augmenting HYP-mediated PDT in CRC but could potentially be useful for other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron King
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St James University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Thomas Maisey
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St James University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Erica L Harris
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St James University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - James A Poulter
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St James University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - David G Jayne
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St James University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - M Ibrahim Khot
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St James University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.
- Richmond Building, School of Chemistry and Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.
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14
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Jo MY, Jeong YJ, Song KH, Choi YH, Kwon TK, Chang YC. 4-O-Methylascochlorin Synergistically Enhances 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Apoptosis by Inhibiting the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5746. [PMID: 38891932 PMCID: PMC11172374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
4-O-Methyl-ascochlorin (MAC), a derivative of the prenyl-phenol antibiotic ascochlorin extracted from the fungus Ascochyta viciae, shows anticarcinogenic effects on various cancer cells. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is used to treat colorectal cancer (CRC); however, its efficacy must be enhanced. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which MAC acts synergistically with 5-FU to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in CRC cells. MAC enhanced the cytotoxic effects of 5-FU by suppressing the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. It also reduced the viability of 5-FU-resistant (5-FU-R) cells. Furthermore, expression of anti-apoptosis-related proteins and cancer stem-like cell (CSC) markers by 5-FU-R cells decreased in response to MAC. Similar to MAC, the knockdown of CTNNB1 induced apoptosis and reduced expression of mRNA encoding CRC markers in 5-FU-R cells. In summary, these results suggest that MAC and other β-catenin modulators may be useful in overcoming the 5-FU resistance of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Young Jo
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Cell Biology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Jeong
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Cell Biology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Ho Song
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Cell Biology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chae Chang
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Cell Biology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
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15
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Wu F, Sun G, Nai Y, Shi X, Ma Y, Cao H. NUP43 promotes PD-L1/nPD-L1/PD-L1 feedback loop via TM4SF1/JAK/STAT3 pathway in colorectal cancer progression and metastatsis. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:241. [PMID: 38762481 PMCID: PMC11102480 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has a significant role in tumor progression and metastasis, facilitating tumor cell evasion from immune surveillance. PD-L1 can be detected in the tumor cell nucleus and exert an oncogenic effect by nuclear translocation. Colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and liver metastasis (CCLM) are among the most lethal diseases worldwide, but the mechanism of PD-L1 nuclear translocation in CRC and CCLM remains to be fully understood. In this study, using CRISPR-Cas9-based genome-wide screening combined with RNA-seq, we found that the oncogenic factor NUP43 impacted the process of PD-L1 nuclear translocation by regulating the expression level of the PD-L1 chaperone protein IPO5. Subsequent investigation revealed that this process could stimulate the expression of tumor-promoting factor TM4SF1 and further activate the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway, which ultimately enhanced the transcription of PD-L1, thus establishing a PD-L1-nPD-L1-PD-L1 feedback loop that ultimately promoted CRC progression and CCLM. In conclusion, our study reveals a novel role for nPD-L1 in CRC, identifies the PD-L1-nPD-L1-PD-L1 feedback loop in CRC, and provides a therapeutic strategy for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Nai
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuesong Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hongyong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Chen H, Deng J, Hou TW, Shan YQ. Villosol reverses 5-FU resistance in colorectal cancer by inhibiting the CDKN2A gene regulated TP53-PI3K/Akt signaling axis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117907. [PMID: 38342156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Patrinia villosa (Juss.) (PV) is the drug of choice in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and has achieved reliable efficacy in clinic. Villosol is the active ingredient in PV. However, the molecular mechanism by which Villosol reverses chemoresistance in CRC remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY Analysis of the molecular mechanism by which Villosol, the active ingredient of PV, reverses CRC/5-FU resistance through modulation of the CDKN2A gene was validated by network pharmacology techniques and experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified CDKN2A as a gene associated with 5-FU resistance through gene chip analysis. Next, we conducted a series of functional analyses in cell lines, animal samples, and xenograft models to investigate the role, clinical significance, and abnormal regulatory mechanisms of CDKN2A in 5-FU resistance in CRC. In addition, we screened and obtained a raw ingredient called Villosol, which targets CDKN2A, and investigated its pharmacological effects. RESULTS Analysis of CRC cells and animal samples showed that the upregulation of CDKN2A expression was strongly associated with 5-FU resistance. CRC cells overexpressing CDKN2A showed reduced sensitivity to 5-FU and enhanced tumor biology in vitro. Inhibition of aberrant activation of CDKN2A enhances the expression of TP53. Mechanistically, overexpression of CDKN2A activates the PI3K/Akt pathway and induces resistance to 5-FU. Villosol inhibited CDKN2A, and CRC/5-FU cells regained sensitivity to 5-FU. Villosol effectively reverses 5-FU resistance through the CDKN2A-TP53-PI3K/Akt axis. CONCLUSION Changes in CDKN2A gene expression can be used to predict the response of CRC patients to 5-FU therapy. Additionally, inhibiting CDKN2A activation with Villosol may present a new approach to overcoming 5-FU resistance in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, 110016, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Jiao Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, 110016, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Tie-Wei Hou
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, 110016, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Yong-Qi Shan
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, 110016, Liaoning Province, China.
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17
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Chen QY, Xu KX, Huang XB, Fan DH, Chen YJ, Li YF, Huang Q, Liu ZY, Zheng HL, Huang ZN, Lin ZH, Wang YX, Yang JJ, Zhong Q, Huang CM. Circ-0075305 hinders gastric cancer stem cells by indirectly disrupting TCF4-β-catenin complex and downregulation of SOX9. Commun Biol 2024; 7:545. [PMID: 38714724 PMCID: PMC11076483 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
CircRNAs are covalently closed, single-stranded RNA that form continuous loops and play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of tumors. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are indispensable for cancer development; however, the regulation of cancer stem cell-like properties in gastric cancer (GC) and its specific mechanism remain poorly understood. We elucidate the specific role of Circ-0075305 in GC stem cell properties. Circ-0075305 associated with chemotherapy resistance was identified by sequencing GC cells. Subsequent confirmation in both GC tissues and cell lines revealed that patients with high expression of Circ-0075305 had significantly better overall survival (OS) rates than those with low expression, particularly when treated with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for GC. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that overexpression of Circ-0075305 can effectively reduce stem cell-like properties and enhance the sensitivity of GC cells to Oxaliplatin compared with the control group. Circ-0075305 promotes RPRD1A expression by acting as a sponge for corresponding miRNAs. The addition of LF3 (a β-catenin/TCF4 interaction antagonist) confirmed that RPRD1A inhibited the formation of the TCF4-β-catenin transcription complex through competitive to β-catenin and suppressed the transcriptional activity of stem cell markers such as SOX9 via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This leads to the downregulation of stem cell-like property-related markers in GC. This study revealed the underlying mechanisms that regulate Circ-0075305 in GCSCs and suggests that its role in reducing β-catenin signaling may serve as a potential therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yue Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kai-Xiang Xu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Deng-Hui Fan
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Jing Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hua-Long Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ze-Ning Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ze-Hong Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun-Jie Yang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhong
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Chang-Ming Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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18
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Liu Y, Shi J, Liu W, Tang Y, Shu X, Wang R, Chen Y, Shi X, Jin J, Li D. A deep neural network predictor to predict the sensitivity of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 589:216641. [PMID: 38232812 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) is widely used for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). This study aimed to conduct an effective model to predict NCRT sensitivity and provide guidance for clinical treatment. Biomarkers for NCRT sensitivity were identified by applying transcriptome profiles using logistic regression and subsequently screened out by Spearman correlation analysis and four machine learning algorithms. A deep neural network (DNN) predictor was constructed by using in-house dataset and validated in two independent datasets. Additionally, a web-based program was developed. Wnt/β-catenin signaling and linoleic acid metabolism (LA) pathways were associated with NCRT sensitivity and prognosis in LARC, antagonistically. A DNN predictor with an 18-gene signature was conducted within in-house datasets. In two validation cohorts, area under ROC curve (AUC) achieved 0.706 and 0.897. The DNN subtypes were significantly associated with NCRT sensitivity, survival status et al. Moreover, NK and cytotoxic T cells were observed contribution to NCRT sensitivity while regulatory T, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and dysfunction of CD4 T effector memory cells could impede NCRT response. A DNN predictor could predict NCRT sensitivity in LARC and stratify LARC patients with different clinical and immunity characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer /Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Jinming Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer /Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wenyang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer /Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer /Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xingmei Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ranjiaxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yinan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer /Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer /Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China.
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Li X, Qian J, Liu Q, Guo M, Zhang H, Li H, Chen W. Yogurt Prevents Colorectal Tumorigenesis in Apc Min/+ Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300737. [PMID: 38700077 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Yogurt consumption is related to a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but whether such association is causal remains unclear. Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) are at increased risk of CRC development. Here, the study investigates the efficacy of yogurt for intestinal polyposis chemoprevention in ApcMin/+ mice, a preclinical model for human FAP. METHODS AND RESULTS A 10-week yogurt supplementation (15 g kg-1) in ApcMin/+ mice significantly reduces the intestinal polyp number (6.50 ± 0.97 versus 1.80 ± 0.49; p < 0.001) compared to controls. 16S rRNA gene-based microbiota analysis suggests that yogurt supplementation may greatly modulate the gut microbiome composition, especially in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Importantly, the fecal concentration of d-lactate (d-Lac, 0.39 ± 0.04 µmol g-1 versus 8.14 ± 0.62 µmol g-1; p < 0.001) is boosted by yogurt, while oral administration with d-Lac (125 or 250 mg kg-1) reduces the polyp number by 71.43% or 77.14% (p < 0.001), respectively. The study also observes that d-Lac does not affect cell viability and anchorage-independence in CRC cells, but it greatly suppresses epidermal growth factor (EGF) or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced cell transformation in preneoplastic cells. Mechanistically, it demonstrates that d-Lac may attenuate epithelial cell transformation by targeting PI3K/AKT/β-catenin axis. CONCLUSION Yogurt protects against intestinal polyposis in ApcMin/+ mice, and d-Lac may partially account for the chemopreventive effects above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jin Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qinglong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Min Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Haitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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20
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Rio-Vilariño A, Cenigaonandia-Campillo A, García-Bautista A, Mateos-Gómez PA, Schlaepfer MI, Del Puerto-Nevado L, Aguilera O, García-García L, Galeano C, de Miguel I, Serrano-López J, Baños N, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Lacal JC, Medico E, García-Foncillas J, Cebrián A. Inhibition of the AURKA/YAP1 axis is a promising therapeutic option for overcoming cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer stem cells. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1402-1413. [PMID: 38467828 PMCID: PMC11014903 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary resistance to anti-EGFR therapies affects 40% of metastatic colorectal cancer patients harbouring wild-type RAS/RAF. YAP1 activation is associated with this resistance, prompting an investigation into AURKA's role in mediating YAP1 phosphorylation at Ser397, as observed in breast cancer. METHODS We used transcriptomic analysis along with in vitro and in vivo models of RAS/RAF wild-type CRC to study YAP1 Ser397 phosphorylation as a potential biomarker for cetuximab resistance. We assessed cetuximab efficacy using CCK8 proliferation assays and cell cycle analysis. Additionally, we examined the effects of AURKA inhibition with alisertib and created a dominant-negative YAP1 Ser397 mutant to assess its impact on cancer stem cell features. RESULTS The RAS/RAF wild-type CRC models exhibiting primary resistance to cetuximab prominently displayed elevated YAP1 phosphorylation at Ser397 primarily mediated by AURKA. AURKA-induced YAP1 phosphorylation was identified as a key trigger for cancer stem cell reprogramming. Consequently, we found that AURKA inhibition had the capacity to effectively restore cetuximab sensitivity and concurrently suppress the cancer stem cell phenotype. CONCLUSIONS AURKA inhibition holds promise as a therapeutic approach to overcome cetuximab resistance in RAS/RAF wild-type colorectal cancer, offering a potential means to counter the development of cancer stem cell phenotypes associated with cetuximab resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anxo Rio-Vilariño
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Fundación Jiménez University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aiora Cenigaonandia-Campillo
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Fundación Jiménez University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana García-Bautista
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Fundación Jiménez University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro A Mateos-Gómez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of System Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina I Schlaepfer
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Fundación Jiménez University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Del Puerto-Nevado
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Fundación Jiménez University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Aguilera
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Fundación Jiménez University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura García-García
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Fundación Jiménez University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Galeano
- Pathology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene de Miguel
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of System Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá. Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Natalia Baños
- Preclinical program START Madrid-FJD, Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Fernández-Aceñero
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Lacal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, CSIC/UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz, IDIPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enzo Medico
- Department of Oncology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Candiolo (TO), Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo (TO), Italy
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Fundación Jiménez University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Arancha Cebrián
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Fundación Jiménez University Hospital (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Tan R, Zhang Z, Ding P, Liu Y, Liu H, Lu M, Chen YG. A growth factor-reduced culture system for colorectal cancer organoids. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216737. [PMID: 38382667 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Although organoids derived from tumor tissues have been widely used in cancer research, it is a great challenge for cultured organoids to retain the characteristics of the original tumor tissues due to their heterogeneity. In this study, we explore organoid culture recipes to capture tumor features of colorectal cancers. We find that the activation of Wnt and EGF signaling and inhibition of BMP signaling are non-essential for the survival of most colorectal cancer organoids (CRCOs). We design a growth factor-reduced culture medium containing FGF10, A83-01 (TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor), SB202190 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), gastrin, and nicotinamide. Using this medium, we can maintain tumor features in long-term CRCO cultivation, as evidenced by histopathology, genetic stability, tumorigenicity, and response of clinical treatments. Our findings offer a reliable and economical strategy for CRCO culture, facilitating the utilization of organoids in colorectal cancer research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Tan
- Graduate School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China; Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Peirong Ding
- Department of Colorectal Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China; Institute of Biomedical Research, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Huidong Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Minyi Lu
- Huayi Regeneration Technology Limited Liability Company, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China; The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; The MOE Basic Research and Innovation Center for the Targeted Therapeutics of Solid Tumors, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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22
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Dong W, Cheng Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Yu X, Guan H, Du J, Zhou X, Yang Y, Fang W, Wang X, Song H. The nucleocapsid protein facilitates p53 ubiquitination-dependent proteasomal degradation via recruiting host ubiquitin ligase COP1 in PEDV infection. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107135. [PMID: 38447796 PMCID: PMC10998216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious enteric pathogen of the coronavirus family and caused severe economic losses to the global swine industry. Previous studies have established that p53 is a host restriction factor for PEDV infection, and p53 degradation occurs in PEDV-infected cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms through which PEDV viral proteins regulate p53 degradation remain unclear. In this study, we found that PEDV infection or expression of the nucleocapsid protein downregulates p53 through a post-translational mechanism: increasing the ubiquitination of p53 and preventing its nuclear translocation. We also show that the PEDV N protein functions by recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1 and suppressing COP1 self-ubiquitination and protein degradation, thereby augmenting COP1-mediated degradation of p53. Additionally, COP1 knockdown compromises N-mediated p53 degradation. Functional mapping using truncation analysis showed that the N-terminal domains of N protein were responsible for interacting with COP1 and critical for COP1 stability and p53 degradation. The results presented here suggest the COP1-dependent mechanism for PEDV N protein to abolish p53 activity. This study significantly increases our understanding of PEDV in antagonizing the host antiviral factor p53 and will help initiate novel antiviral strategies against PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yahao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingshan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingmiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinya Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haicun Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Du
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingdong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Houhui Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China.
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23
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Shao J, Li X, Li Y, Lin J, Huang P. Self-Heating Multistage Microneedle Patch for Topical Therapy of Skin Cancer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308217. [PMID: 38198412 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Topical therapy is a favored route for treating skin cancers, but remain many challenges, such as low delivery efficiency, limited tumor tissue penetration, and unsatisfactory blood circulation. Here, a self-heating microneedle (MN) patch with multilevel structures, including a dissolvable base for rapid drug release, a degradable tip for sustained drug release, and a self-heating substrate is described. The thermally enhanced drug release performance is validated through both in vitro and in vivo experiments. High tumor therapeutic efficacy can be achieved due to the rapid release of 5-fluorouracil, while the sustained release of thymoquinone endows the MN patch with long-term tumor inhibition ability. It is further demonstrated the feasibility of such an MN patch for in vivo topical therapy of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with high efficacy, low side effects, and long-term inhibition of recurrence. This self-heating MN patch holds great promise for potential clinical applications, especially for the treatment of skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jundong Shao
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yashi Li
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jing Lin
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Peng Huang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
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24
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Shah ET, Molloy C, Gough M, Kryza T, Samuel SG, Tucker A, Bhatia M, Ferguson G, Heyman R, Vora S, Monkman J, Bolderson E, Kulasinghe A, He Y, Gabrielli B, Hooper JD, Richard DJ, O'Byrne KJ, Adams MN. Inhibition of Aurora B kinase (AURKB) enhances the effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy against colorectal cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1196-1205. [PMID: 38287178 PMCID: PMC10991355 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02584-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) remains a core component of systemic therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, response rates remain low, and development of therapy resistance is a primary issue. Combinatorial strategies employing a second agent to augment the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy is predicted to reduce the incidence of treatment resistance and increase the durability of response to therapy. METHODS Here, we employed quantitative proteomics approaches to identify novel druggable proteins and molecular pathways that are deregulated in response to 5-FU, which might serve as targets to improve sensitivity to chemotherapy. Drug combinations were evaluated using 2D and 3D CRC cell line models and an ex vivo culture model of a patient-derived tumour. RESULTS Quantitative proteomics identified upregulation of the mitosis-associated protein Aurora B (AURKB), within a network of upregulated proteins, in response to a 24 h 5-FU treatment. In CRC cell lines, AURKB inhibition with the dihydrogen phosphate prodrug AZD1152, markedly improved the potency of 5-FU in 2D and 3D in vitro CRC models. Sequential treatment with 5-FU then AZD1152 also enhanced the response of a patient-derived CRC cells to 5-FU in ex vivo cultures. CONCLUSIONS AURKB inhibition may be a rational approach to augment the effectiveness of 5-FU chemotherapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha T Shah
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Christopher Molloy
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Madeline Gough
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Thomas Kryza
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Selwin G Samuel
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Amos Tucker
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Maneet Bhatia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Genevieve Ferguson
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Rebecca Heyman
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Shivam Vora
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - James Monkman
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Emma Bolderson
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Yaowu He
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Brian Gabrielli
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - John D Hooper
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Derek J Richard
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Kenneth J O'Byrne
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Mark N Adams
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
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Chanu KD, Thoithoisana S, Kar A, Mukherjee PK, Radhakrishnanand P, Parmar K, Sharma N. Phytochemically analysed extract of Ageratina adenophora (Sprengel) R.M.King & H. Rob. initiates caspase 3-dependant apoptosis in colorectal cancer cell: A synergistic approach with chemotherapeutic drugs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117591. [PMID: 38104872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ageratina adenophora (Sprengel) R.M.King & H.Rob. has been used as traditional indigenous medicine all across the globe for its diverse therapeutic applications such as anticancer, analgesic, antipyretic, thermogenic, antiseptic, antimicrobial as well as astringent. The various ethnic groups of India use plant parts to treat cuts and wounds, venomous insect bites, skin lesions, blisters, scabies and other skin irritations, gastritis and indigestion problems, cough, stomach ache and dysentery. The Portuguese traditionally extract the juice from the plant and use it for cancer, diabetes, liver disorder, gallbladder and stomach ailments. Nigerian healers use different parts of the plant to treat diabetes, fever and inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to investigate the cytotoxic potential of A. adenophora hydroalcoholic leaves extract (AHL) on Colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines (HCT-116, HCT-15 and HT-29), synergistic potential with chemotherapeutic drugs 5FU and Cisplatin as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, based on the sample collected from Mao district of Manipur, India. Identification of bioactive phytocompounds in AHL was also performed by HRLCMS. METHODS The AHL was evaluated for its cytotoxic as well as antiproliferative activities by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, clonogenic and cell migration assays. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were quantified by Folin-ciocalteu and Aluminium chloride assays respectively. Caspase 3 activation was evaluated using Caspase-3 Assay Kit. Apoptosis detection by flow cytometry was carried out using annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit. The apoptotic cells were also visualized by Giemsa and 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. The intracellular Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was also evaluated using fluorescent probe 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein di-acetate (H2DCFDA) in flow cytometry. The combination effects of AHL with chemotherapeutic drugs 5FU and Cisplatin were also evaluated. The identification of phytochemical constituents of AHL were analysed by HR-LCMS. RESULTS The AHL induced cytotoxic activity significantly in HCT-116 with IC50 of 65.65 ± 2.10 μg/mL, but non-cancerous cell HeK-293 was least cytotoxic. Colony formation and cell migration were inhibited in a dose and time dependent manner. The cell morphology upon AHL treatment was significantly altered with apoptotic features. The extract was rich in total phenolic (82.09 ± 0.35mgGAE/g) and total flavonoid (58.31 ± 0.55 mgQAE/g) contents. AHL induced apoptosis as detected by AnnexinV/PI, via activation of caspase 3 and elevated production of Reactive oxygen species (ROS). AHL in combination with 5FU and Cisplatin acts synergistically and potentiates the therapeutic properties of the extract. Sesquiterpenes, phenolic as well as flavonoid derivatives with anticancer properties were detected in AHL by HRLCMS, and these phytoconstituents may be attributed for anticancer property of AHL. CONCLUSION The present study evaluates the effectiveness of AHL against Colorectal cancer cell lines. AHL is cytotoxic and induces apoptosis in HCT-116 cells by caspase 3 activation and increased ROS production that can be attributed to sesquiterpenoids. Thus, the plant A. adenophora has therapeutic potential for Colorectal cancer and can be further exploited for developing anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaidem Devika Chanu
- Institute of Bio-resources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, Takyelpat, Imphal, 795001, Manipur, India; School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India.
| | - Soibam Thoithoisana
- Institute of Bio-resources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, Takyelpat, Imphal, 795001, Manipur, India; Department of Zoology, Manipur University (MU), Imphal, 795003, Manipur, India.
| | - Amit Kar
- Institute of Bio-resources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, Takyelpat, Imphal, 795001, Manipur, India.
| | - Pulok Kumar Mukherjee
- Institute of Bio-resources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, Takyelpat, Imphal, 795001, Manipur, India.
| | - P Radhakrishnanand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati (NIPER), Assam, 781101, India.
| | - Keyur Parmar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati (NIPER), Assam, 781101, India.
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bio-resources and Sustainable Development (IBSD), Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, Takyelpat, Imphal, 795001, Manipur, India.
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Hassan AF, Hussein O, Al-Barazenji T, Allouch A, Kamareddine L, Malki A, Moustafa AA, Khalil A. The effect of novel nitrogen-based chalcone analogs on colorectal cancer cells: Insight into the molecular pathways. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27002. [PMID: 38463818 PMCID: PMC10923686 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In colorectal cancer (CRC), aberrations in KRAS are associated with aggressive tumorigenesis and an overall low survival rate because of chemoresistance and adverse effects. Ergo, complementary, and integrative medicines are being considered for CRC treatment. Among which is the use of natural chalcones that are known to exhibit anti-tumor activities in KRAS mutant CRC subtypes treatment regimens. Consequently, we examine the effect of two novel compounds (DK13 and DK14) having chalcones with nitrogen mustard moiety on CRC cell lines (HCT-116 and LoVo) with KRAS mutation. These compounds were synthesized in our lab and previously reported to exhibit potent activity against breast cancer cells. Our data revealed that DK13 and DK14 treatment suppress cell growth, disturb the progression of cell cycle, and trigger apoptosis in CRC cell lines. Besides, treatment with both compounds impedes cell invasion and colony formation in both cell lines as compared to 5-FU; this is accompanied by up and down regulations of E-cadherin and Vimentin, respectively. At the molecular level, both compounds deregulate the expression and phosphorylation of β-catenin, Akt and mTOR, which are the main likely molecular mechanisms underlying these biological occurrences. Our findings present DK13 and DK14 as novel chemotherapies against CRC, through β-catenin/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arij Fouzat Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ola Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tara Al-Barazenji
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asma Allouch
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Layla Kamareddine
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Malki
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ala‐Eddin Al Moustafa
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Oncology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ashraf Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Ke C, Zhou H, Xia T, Xie X, Jiang B. GTP binding protein 2 maintains the quiescence, self-renewal, and chemoresistance of mouse colorectal cancer stem cells via promoting Wnt signaling activation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27159. [PMID: 38468952 PMCID: PMC10926081 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and the second most deadly cancer across the globe. Colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs) fuel CRC growth, metastasis, relapse, and chemoresistance. A complete understanding of the modulatory mechanisms of CCSC biology is essential for developing efficacious CRC treatment. In the current study, we characterized the expression and function of GTP binding protein 2 (GTPBP2) in a chemical-induced mouse CRC model. We found that GTPBP2 was expressed at a higher level in CD133+CD44+ CCSCs compared with other CRC cells. Using a lentivirus-based Cas9/sgRNA system, GTPBP2 expression was ablated in CRC cells in vitro. GTPBP2 deficiency caused the following effects on CCSCs: 1) Significantly accelerating proliferation and increasing the proportions of cells at G1, S, and G2/M phase; 2) Impairing resistance to 5-Fluorouracil; 3) Weakening self-renewal but not impacting cell migration. In addition, GTPBP2 deficiency remarkably decreased β-catenin expression while increasing β-catenin phosphorylation in CCSCs. These effects of GTPBP2 were present in CCSCs but not in other CRC cell populations. The Wnt agonist SKL2001 completely abolished these changes in GTPBP2-deficient CCSCs. When GTPBP2-deficient CCSCs were implanted in nude mice, they exhibited consistent changes compared with GTPBP2-expressing CCSCs. Collectively, this study indicates that GTPBP2 positively modulates Wnt signaling to reinforce the quiescence, self-renewal, and chemoresistance of mouse CCSCs. Therefore, we disclose a novel mechanism underlying CCSC biology and GTPBP2 could be a therapeutic target in future CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ke
- The Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), 241 Pengliuyang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Hongjian Zhou
- The Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), 241 Pengliuyang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Tian Xia
- The Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), 241 Pengliuyang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Xingwang Xie
- The Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), 241 Pengliuyang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- The Department of Gastrointestinal, Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Wuhan Third Hospital (Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University), 241 Pengliuyang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
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Brockmueller A, Sajeev A, Koklesova L, Samuel SM, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D, Kunnumakkara AB, Shakibaei M. Resveratrol as sensitizer in colorectal cancer plasticity. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:55-85. [PMID: 37507626 PMCID: PMC11016130 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite tremendous medical treatment successes, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Chemotherapy as monotherapy can lead to significant side effects and chemoresistance that can be linked to several resistance-activating biological processes, including an increase in inflammation, cellular plasticity, multidrug resistance (MDR), inhibition of the sentinel gene p53, and apoptosis. As a consequence, tumor cells can escape the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents. This underscores the need for cross-target therapeutic approaches that are not only pharmacologically safe but also modulate multiple potent signaling pathways and sensitize cancer cells to overcome resistance to standard drugs. In recent years, scientists have been searching for natural compounds that can be used as chemosensitizers in addition to conventional medications for the synergistic treatment of CRC. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic phytoalexin found in various fruits and vegetables such as peanuts, berries, and red grapes, is one of the most effective natural chemopreventive agents. Abundant in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that resveratrol, in interaction with standard drugs, is an effective chemosensitizer for CRC cells to chemotherapeutic agents and thus prevents drug resistance by modulating multiple pathways, including transcription factors, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-plasticity, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, cell cycle, and apoptosis. The ability of resveratrol to modify multiple subcellular pathways that may suppress cancer cell plasticity and reversal of chemoresistance are critical parameters for understanding its anti-cancer effects. In this review, we focus on the chemosensitizing properties of resveratrol in CRC and, thus, its potential importance as an additive to ongoing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranka Brockmueller
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Anjana Sajeev
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 03601, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (Medbay), Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 03601, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (Medbay), Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336, Munich, Germany.
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Wang Z, Qu M, Chang S, Dai X, You C. Human RNA-binding protein HNRNPD interacts with and regulates the repair of deoxyribouridine in DNA. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129951. [PMID: 38325695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Deoxyribouridine (dU) is an abnormal nucleoside in DNA and plays vital roles in multiple biological and physiological processes. Here, we conducted a mass spectrometry-based screen for dU-binding proteins and found that the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (HNRNPD) could preferentially bind to dU-containing DNA. We also discovered that HNRNPD engages in the 5-Fluorouracil (5FU)-induced DNA damage response and can modulate the repair of dU in DNA in vitro and in human cells. Moreover, using a shuttle vector- and next-generation sequencing-based method, we unveiled the crucial role of HNRNPD in promoting the replicative bypass of dU in human cells. Taken together, these findings suggested that HNRNPD is a novel dU-bearing DNA-binding protein capable of regulating the removal of dU in DNA, and provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms of dU-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Minghui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Sijia Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaoxia Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Changjun You
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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30
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Song B, Yang P, Zhang S. Cell fate regulation governed by p53: Friends or reversible foes in cancer therapy. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:297-360. [PMID: 38311377 PMCID: PMC10958678 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Targeted therapies aimed at key oncogenic driver mutations in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as immunotherapy have benefited cancer patients considerably. Tumor protein p53 (TP53), a crucial tumor suppressor gene encoding p53, regulates numerous downstream genes and cellular phenotypes in response to various stressors. The affected genes are involved in diverse processes, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, cellular senescence, metabolic homeostasis, apoptosis, and autophagy. However, accumulating recent studies have continued to reveal novel and unexpected functions of p53 in governing the fate of tumors, for example, functions in ferroptosis, immunity, the tumor microenvironment and microbiome metabolism. Among the possibilities, the evolutionary plasticity of p53 is the most controversial, partially due to the dizzying array of biological functions that have been attributed to different regulatory mechanisms of p53 signaling. Nearly 40 years after its discovery, this key tumor suppressor remains somewhat enigmatic. The intricate and diverse functions of p53 in regulating cell fate during cancer treatment are only the tip of the iceberg with respect to its equally complicated structural biology, which has been painstakingly revealed. Additionally, TP53 mutation is one of the most significant genetic alterations in cancer, contributing to rapid cancer cell growth and tumor progression. Here, we summarized recent advances that implicate altered p53 in modulating the response to various cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Furthermore, we also discussed potential strategies for targeting p53 as a therapeutic option for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Song
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - Ping Yang
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineWest China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical CollegeChina National Nuclear Corporation 416 HospitalChengduSichuanP. R. China
- Laboratory of Radiation MedicineNHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical TransformationWest China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanP. R. China
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31
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Bergin CJ, Zouggar A, Mendes da Silva A, Fenouil T, Haebe JR, Masibag AN, Agrawal G, Shah MS, Sandouka T, Tiberi M, Auer RC, Ardolino M, Benoit YD. The dopamine transporter antagonist vanoxerine inhibits G9a and suppresses cancer stem cell functions in colon tumors. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:463-480. [PMID: 38351181 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), functionally characterized by self-renewal and tumor-initiating activity, contribute to decreased tumor immunogenicity, while fostering tumor growth and metastasis. Targeting G9a histone methyltransferase (HMTase) effectively blocks CSC functions in colorectal tumors by altering pluripotent-like molecular networks; however, existing molecules directly targeting G9a HMTase activity failed to reach clinical stages due to safety concerns. Using a stem cell-based phenotypic drug-screening pipeline, we identified the dopamine transporter (DAT) antagonist vanoxerine, a compound with previously demonstrated clinical safety, as a cancer-specific downregulator of G9a expression. Here we show that gene silencing and chemical antagonism of DAT impede colorectal CSC functions by repressing G9a expression. Antagonizing DAT also enhanced tumor lymphocytic infiltration by activating endogenous transposable elements and type-I interferon response. Our study unveils the direct implication of the DAT-G9a axis in the maintenance of CSC populations and an approach to improve antitumor immune response in colon tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Bergin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aïcha Zouggar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Mendes da Silva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanguy Fenouil
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Institut de Pathologie Multisite des Hospices Civils de Lyon, Site Est, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
| | - Joshua R Haebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angelique N Masibag
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gautam Agrawal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muhammad S Shah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamara Sandouka
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mario Tiberi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca C Auer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele Ardolino
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yannick D Benoit
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Yan M, Su Z, Pang X, Wang H, Dai H, Ning J, Liu S, Sun Q, Song J, Zhao X, Lu D. The CK1ε/SIAH1 axis regulates AXIN1 stability in colorectal cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38419282 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 1ε (CK1ε) and axis inhibitor 1 (AXIN1) are crucial components of the β-catenin destruction complex in canonical Wnt signaling. CK1ε has been shown to interact with AXIN1, but its physiological function and role in tumorigenesis remain unknown. In this study, we found that CK1δ/ε inhibitors significantly enhanced AXIN1 protein level in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells through targeting CK1ε. Mechanistically, CK1ε promoted AXIN1 degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway by promoting the interaction of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SIAH1 with AXIN1. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CK1ε and knockdown of SIAH1 downregulated the expression of Wnt/β-catenin-dependent genes, suppressed the viability of CRC cells, and restrained tumorigenesis and progression of CRC in vitro and in vivo. In summary, our results demonstrate that CK1ε exerted its oncogenic role in CRC occurrence and progression by regulating the stability of AXIN1. These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which CK1ε regulates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting the CK1ε/SIAH1 axis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfang Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Disease, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Zijie Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Disease, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, China
- Department of Research, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoyi Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Disease, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Hanbin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Disease, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Han Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Disease, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Jiong Ning
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Disease, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Disease, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Disease, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Jiaxing Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Disease, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, China
- Medical Scientific Research Center, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xibao Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Disease, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Desheng Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Disease, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, China
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Sinha S, Hembram KC, Chatterjee S. Targeting signaling pathways in cancer stem cells: A potential approach for developing novel anti-cancer therapeutics. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 385:157-209. [PMID: 38663959 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have emerged as prime players in the intricate landscape of cancer development, progression, and resistance to traditional treatments. These unique cellular subpopulations own the remarkable capability of self-renewal and differentiation, giving rise to the diverse cellular makeup of tumors and fostering their recurrence following conventional therapies. In the quest for developing more effective cancer therapeutics, the focus has now shifted toward targeting the signaling pathways that govern CSCs behavior. This chapter underscores the significance of these signaling pathways in CSC biology and their potential as pivotal targets for the development of novel chemotherapy approaches. We delve into several key signaling pathways essential for maintaining the defining characteristics of CSCs, including the Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, JAK-STAT, NF-κB pathways, among others, shedding light on their potential crosstalk. Furthermore, we highlight the latest advancements in CSC-targeted therapies, spanning from promising preclinical models to ongoing clinical trials. A comprehensive understanding of the intricate molecular aspects of CSC signaling pathways and their manipulation holds the prospective to revolutionize cancer treatment paradigms. This, in turn, could lead to more efficacious and personalized therapies with the ultimate goal of eradicating CSCs and enhancing overall patient outcomes. The exploration of CSC signaling pathways represents a key step towards a brighter future in the battle against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Sinha
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Subhajit Chatterjee
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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Baldasso-Zanon A, Silva AO, Franco N, Picon RV, Lenz G, Lopez PLDC, Filippi-Chiela EC. The rational modulation of autophagy sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to 5-fluouracil and oxaliplatin. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30517. [PMID: 38224178 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and deadliest cancer globally. Regimens using 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and Oxaliplatin (OXA) are the first-line treatment for CRC, but tumor recurrence is frequent. It is plausible to hypothesize that differential cellular responses are triggered after treatments depending on the genetic background of CRC cells and that the rational modulation of cell tolerance mechanisms like autophagy may reduce the regrowth of CRC cells. This study proposes investigating the cellular mechanisms triggered by CRC cells exposed to 5FU and OXA using a preclinical experimental design mimicking one cycle of the clinical regimen (i.e., 48 h of treatment repeated every 2 weeks). To test this, we treated CRC human cell lines HCT116 and HT29 with the 5FU and OXA, combined or not, for 48 h, followed by analysis for two additional weeks. Compared to single-drug treatments, the co-treatment reduced tumor cell regrowth, clonogenicity and stemness, phenotypes associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in clinics. This effect was exerted by the induction of apoptosis and senescence only in the co-treatment. However, a week after treatment, cells that tolerated the treatment had high levels of autophagy features and restored the proliferative phenotype, resembling tumor recurrence. The pharmacologic suppression of early autophagy during its peak of occurrence, but not concomitant with chemotherapeutics, strongly reduced cell regrowth. Overall, our experimental model provides new insights into the cellular mechanisms that underlie the response and tolerance of CRC cells to 5FU and OXA, suggesting optimized, time-specific autophagy inhibition as a new avenue for improving the efficacy of current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Baldasso-Zanon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Experimental, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andrew Oliveira Silva
- Centro de Pesquisas Experimental, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Unidade Centro RS, Faculdade Estácio do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nayara Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Experimental, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafael V Picon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Guido Lenz
- Departamento de Biofísica, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Luciana da Costa Lopez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Experimental, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C Filippi-Chiela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Ciências em Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Experimental, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Nagpal A, Tyagi N, Neelakandan PP. BODIPY-fused uracil: synthesis, photophysical properties, and applications. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:365-376. [PMID: 38227134 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent nucleobase and nucleic acid analogs are important tools in chemical and molecular biology as fluorescent labelling of nucleobases has applications in cellular imaging and anti-tumor activity. Boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes exhibiting high brightness and good photostability are extensively used as fluorescent labelling agents and as type II photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. Thus, the combination of nucleobases and BODIPY to obtain new compounds with both anti-tumor activity and fluorescent imaging functions is the focus of our research. We synthesized two new nucleobase analogs 1 and 2 by fusing the BODIPY core directly with uracil which resulted in favorable photophysical properties and high emission quantum efficiencies particularly in organic solvents. Further, we explored the newly synthesized derivatives, which possessed good singlet oxygen generation efficiencies and bio-compatibility, as potential PDT agents and our results show that they exhibit in vitro anti-tumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Nagpal
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Nidhi Tyagi
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Prakash P Neelakandan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
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Zhao Q, Zong H, Zhu P, Su C, Tang W, Chen Z, Jin S. Crosstalk between colorectal CSCs and immune cells in tumorigenesis, and strategies for targeting colorectal CSCs. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:6. [PMID: 38254219 PMCID: PMC10802076 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy in the treatment of colorectal cancer, and relapse after tumor immunotherapy has attracted increasing attention. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of tumor cells with self-renewal and differentiation capacities, are resistant to traditional therapies such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Recently, CSCs have been proven to be the cells driving tumor relapse after immunotherapy. However, the mutual interactions between CSCs and cancer niche immune cells are largely uncharacterized. In this review, we focus on colorectal CSCs, CSC-immune cell interactions and CSC-based immunotherapy. Colorectal CSCs are characterized by robust expression of surface markers such as CD44, CD133 and Lgr5; hyperactivation of stemness-related signaling pathways, such as the Wnt/β-catenin, Hippo/Yap1, Jak/Stat and Notch pathways; and disordered epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNA action. Moreover, colorectal CSCs express abnormal levels of immune-related genes such as MHC and immune checkpoint molecules and mutually interact with cancer niche cells in multiple tumorigenesis-related processes, including tumor initiation, maintenance, metastasis and drug resistance. To date, many therapies targeting CSCs have been evaluated, including monoclonal antibodies, antibody‒drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, tumor vaccines adoptive cell therapy, and small molecule inhibitors. With the development of CSC-/niche-targeting technology, as well as the integration of multidisciplinary studies, novel therapies that eliminate CSCs and reverse their immunosuppressive microenvironment are expected to be developed for the treatment of solid tumors, including colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hong Zong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Pingping Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chang Su
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wenxue Tang
- The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 2 Jing‑ba Road, Zhengzhou, 450014, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Shuiling Jin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Aghababaei F, Nejati M, Karami H, Darvish M, Mirzaei H. The Combination of 5-FU and Resveratrol Can Suppress the Growth of Glioblastoma Cells Through Downregulation of TRPM2 and β-Catenin. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:7. [PMID: 38193979 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common as well as the most fatal primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS), which still lacks a definitive cure. 5-FU is an anti-metabolite anti-cancer agent which has shown promising results for GBM treatment. Resveratrol (Res) is a phytochemical anti-oxidant that has also been effective in suppressing the progression of GBM. The combination of 5-FU and Res has been studied in a variety of cancers, but no study has assessed this combination in GBM. In this study, we investigated how 5-FU and Res, in combination and alone, may affect the growth and apoptosis of GBM cells and also the potential of TRPM2 and β-catenin as the mediator of their effects. U87 cells were cultured as the in vitro model. MTT assay was used for measuring cellular growth, and RT-qPCR was used to measure the level of caspase-3, TRPM2, and β-catenin; caspase-3 level served as the indicator of apoptotic rate. 5-FU and Res, in combination and alone, suppressed the growth while promoting the apoptosis of U87 cells; these effects were significantly greater when they were used in combination. RT-qPCR showed downregulation of TRPM-2 and β-catenin in response to this combination, which suggested that these two molecules may mediate the cited anti-oncogenic effects. In conclusion, our study confirmed the synergism between 5-FU and Res in suppressing the progression of GBM and suggested the putative axis of TRPM2/ β-catenin as the downstream mediator of this therapeutic regime. Future studies may be able to approve the eligibility of this therapeutic regime for GBM treatment and also the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Aghababaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Majid Nejati
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hadi Karami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Maryam Darvish
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Peña-Oyarzún D, Flores T, Torres VA, Quest AFG, Lobos-González L, Kretschmar C, Contreras P, Maturana-Ramírez A, Criollo A, Reyes M. Inhibition of PORCN Blocks Wnt Signaling to Attenuate Progression of Oral Carcinogenesis. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:209-223. [PMID: 37812478 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is commonly preceded by potentially malignant lesions, referred to as oral dysplasia. We recently reported that oral dysplasia is associated with aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, due to overexpression of Wnt ligands in a Porcupine (PORCN)-dependent manner. Pharmacologic inhibition of PORCN precludes Wnt secretion and has been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach to treat established cancers. Nevertheless, there are no studies that explore the effects of PORCN inhibition at the different stages of oral carcinogenesis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed a model of tobacco-induced oral cancer in vitro, where dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOK) were transformed into oral carcinoma cells (DOK-TC), and assessed the effects of inhibiting PORCN with the C59 inhibitor. Similarly, an in vivo model of oral carcinogenesis and ex vivo samples derived from patients diagnosed with oral dysplasia and OSCC were treated with C59. RESULTS Both in vitro and ex vivo oral carcinogenesis approaches revealed decreased levels of nuclear β-catenin and Wnt3a, as observed by immunofluorescence and IHC analyses. Consistently, reduced protein and mRNA levels of survivin were observed after treatment with C59. Functionally, treatment with C59 in vitro resulted in diminished cell migration, viability, and invasion. Finally, by using an in vivo model of oral carcinogenesis, we found that treatment with C59 prevented the development of OSCC by reducing the size and number of oral tumor lesions. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of Wnt ligand secretion with C59 represents a feasible treatment to prevent the progression of early oral lesions toward OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Peña-Oyarzún
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Research in Territorial Health of the Aconcagua Valley (CIISTe Aconcagua), School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, San Felipe Campus, Universidad de Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Tania Flores
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Research Centre in Dental Science (CICO), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente A Torres
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Kretschmar
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Contreras
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Maturana-Ramírez
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Montserrat Reyes
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Omran MM, Fouda MS, Mekkawy SA, Tabll AA, Abdelaziz AG, Omran AM, Emran TM. Molecular Biomarkers and Signaling Pathways of Cancer Stem Cells in Colorectal Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2024; 23:15330338241254061. [PMID: 38794896 PMCID: PMC11128179 DOI: 10.1177/15330338241254061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently found cancer in the world, and it is frequently discovered when it is already far along in its development. About 20% of cases of CRC are metastatic and incurable. There is more and more evidence that colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs), which are in charge of tumor growth, recurrence, and resistance to treatment, are what make CRC so different. Because we know more about stem cell biology, we quickly learned about the molecular processes and possible cross-talk between signaling pathways that affect the balance of cells in the gut and cancer. Wnt, Notch, TGF-β, and Hedgehog are examples of signaling pathway members whose genes may change to produce CCSCs. These genes control self-renewal and pluripotency in SCs and then decide the function and phenotype of CCSCs. However, in terms of their ability to create tumors and susceptibility to chemotherapeutic drugs, CSCs differ from normal stem cells and the bulk of tumor cells. This may be the reason for the higher rate of cancer recurrence in patients who underwent both surgery and chemotherapy treatment. Scientists have found that a group of uncontrolled miRNAs related to CCSCs affect stemness properties. These miRNAs control CCSC functions like changing the expression of cell cycle genes, metastasis, and drug resistance mechanisms. CCSC-related miRNAs mostly control signal pathways that are known to be important for CCSC biology. The biomarkers (CD markers and miRNA) for CCSCs and their diagnostic roles are the main topics of this review study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Omran
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manar S. Fouda
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara A. Mekkawy
- Molecular Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A. Tabll
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
- Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed G. Abdelaziz
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza M. Omran
- Clinical Pharma Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University, Dakahlia, Egypt
| | - Tarek M. Emran
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, New Damietta, Egypt
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Li J, Liu J, Xia W, Yang H, Sha W, Chen H. Deciphering the Tumor Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer and Guiding Clinical Treatment With Patient-Derived Organoid Technology: Progress and Challenges. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2024; 23:15330338231221856. [PMID: 38225190 PMCID: PMC10793199 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231221856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors of the digestive tract worldwide. Despite notable advancements in CRC treatment, there is an urgent requirement for preclinical model systems capable of accurately predicting drug efficacy in CRC patients, to identify more effective therapeutic options. In recent years, substantial strides have been made in the field of organoid technology, patient-derived organoid models can phenotypically replicate the original intra-tumor and inter-tumor heterogeneity of CRC, reflecting cellular interactions of the tumor microenvironment. Patient-derived organoid models have become an indispensable tool for investigating the pathogenesis of CRC and facilitating translational research. This review focuses on the application of organoid technology in CRC modeling, tumor microenvironment, and guiding clinical treatment, particularly in drug screening and personalized medicine. It also examines the existing challenges encountered in clinical organoid research and provides a prospective outlook on the future development directions of clinical organoid research, encompassing the standardization of organoid culture technology and the application of tissue engineering technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuzheng Xia
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihong Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Li S, Li X, Yang X, Lei Y, He M, Xiang X, Wu Q, Liu H, Wang J, Wang Q. Corilagin enhances the anti-tumor activity of 5-FU by downregulating the expression of GRP 78. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22661. [PMID: 38114593 PMCID: PMC10730900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Although initially effective, patients who receive chemotherapy ultimately experience various complications and develop chemo-resistance, leading to cancer recurrence. Therefore, we aimed to find a drug with good efficacy and low toxicity that could enhance the treatment with 5-Fluorouracil (a commonly used clinical drug) and reduce its dosing. Corilagin, an anti-tumor natural product, has received widespread attention. Glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is overexpressed in colorectal cancer cells and plays a key role in the proliferation, migration and drug resistance of cancer cells. Importantly, GRP78 can affect the apoptosis induced by 5-fluorouracil in CRC cells. In the present study, we determined the synergistic anti-tumor activity of the combination treatment by cell proliferation assay, apoptosis assay, fluorescent staining, cell cycle analysis, WB and PCR assays. This synergistic effect was associated with S-phase blockade, intracellular reactive oxygen species production and downregulation of GRP78. Taken together, our results indicate that Corilagin acts as a potentiator of 5-fluorouracil and may have therapeutic potential for patients with CRC.
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Grants
- 2022KYCX1-A04 the Scientific Research and Innovation Fund of Wuhan Asia General Hospital
- 2022KYCX1-A04 the Scientific Research and Innovation Fund of Wuhan Asia General Hospital
- 2022KYCX1-A04 the Scientific Research and Innovation Fund of Wuhan Asia General Hospital
- 2022KYCX1-A04 the Scientific Research and Innovation Fund of Wuhan Asia General Hospital
- 2022KYCX1-A04 the Scientific Research and Innovation Fund of Wuhan Asia General Hospital
- 2022KYCX1-A04 the Scientific Research and Innovation Fund of Wuhan Asia General Hospital
- 2022KYCX1-A04 the Scientific Research and Innovation Fund of Wuhan Asia General Hospital
- 2022KYCX1-A04 the Scientific Research and Innovation Fund of Wuhan Asia General Hospital
- 2022KYCX1-A04 the Scientific Research and Innovation Fund of Wuhan Asia General Hospital
- 2022KYCX1-A04 the Scientific Research and Innovation Fund of Wuhan Asia General Hospital
- 20YJA880053 2020 General Planning Fund Project for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, China
- 20YJA880053 2020 General Planning Fund Project for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, China
- 20YJA880053 2020 General Planning Fund Project for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, China
- 20YJA880053 2020 General Planning Fund Project for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, China
- 20YJA880053 2020 General Planning Fund Project for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, China
- 20YJA880053 2020 General Planning Fund Project for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, China
- 20YJA880053 2020 General Planning Fund Project for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, China
- 20YJA880053 2020 General Planning Fund Project for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, China
- 20YJA880053 2020 General Planning Fund Project for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, China
- 20YJA880053 2020 General Planning Fund Project for Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, China
- 20D026 Key research project of philosophy and social sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education in 2020
- 20D026 Key research project of philosophy and social sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education in 2020
- 20D026 Key research project of philosophy and social sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education in 2020
- 20D026 Key research project of philosophy and social sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education in 2020
- 20D026 Key research project of philosophy and social sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education in 2020
- 20D026 Key research project of philosophy and social sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education in 2020
- 20D026 Key research project of philosophy and social sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education in 2020
- 20D026 Key research project of philosophy and social sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education in 2020
- 20D026 Key research project of philosophy and social sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education in 2020
- 20D026 Key research project of philosophy and social sciences of Hubei Provincial Department of Education in 2020
- OHIC2022G05 Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- OHIC2022G05 Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- OHIC2022G05 Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- OHIC2022G05 Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- OHIC2022G05 Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- OHIC2022G05 Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- OHIC2022G05 Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- OHIC2022G05 Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- OHIC2022G05 Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
- OHIC2022G05 Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Li
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xinquan Li
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xiliang Yang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yumeng Lei
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Mingxin He
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Xiaochen Xiang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Qingming Wu
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 437100, China.
| | - Jiadun Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Silva VR, Santos LDS, de Castro MVL, Dias RB, Valverde LDF, Rocha CAG, Soares MBP, Quadros CA, Correa RS, Batista AA, Bezerra DP. A novel ruthenium complex with 5-fluorouracil suppresses colorectal cancer stem cells by inhibiting Akt/mTOR signaling. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:460. [PMID: 38104089 PMCID: PMC10725484 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01759-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
[Ru(5-FU)(PPh3)2(bipy)]PF6 (Ru/5-FU) is a novel ruthenium complex with 5-fluorouracil with promising potential against colorectal cancer (CRC). In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of Ru/5-FU action in HCT116 CRC cells. Ru/5-FU exhibited potent cytotoxicity on a panel of cancer cell lines and on primary cancer cells and induced apoptosis in HCT116 CRC cells. Ru/5-FU reduced AKT1 gene transcripts, as well as the expression of Akt1 and Akt (pS473) and downstream Akt proteins mTOR (pS2448), S6 (pS235/pS236), 4EBP1 (pT36/pT45), GSK-3β (pS9) and NF-κB p65 (pS529), but not Akt upstream proteins Hsp90 and PI3K p85/p55 (pT458/pT199), indicating an inhibitory action of Akt/mTOR signaling. Ru/5-FU increased LC3B expression and reduced p62/SQSTM1 levels, indicating autophagy induction. Curiously, the autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine and chloroquine increased Ru/5-FU-induced cell death, indicating an induction of cytoprotective autophagy by this compound. Ru/5-FU also reduced clonogenic survival, as well as the percentage of CD133+ cells and colonosphere formation, indicating that Ru/5-FU can suppress stem cells in HCT116 cells. Ru/5-FU inhibited cell migration and invasion in wound healing assays and Transwell cell invasion assays, along with a reduction in vimentin expression and an increase in E-cadherin levels, indicating that Ru/5-FU can interfere with epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Ru/5-FU also inhibited in vivo HCT116 cell development and experimental lung metastases in mouse xenograft models. Altogether, these results indicate that Ru/5-FU is an anti-CRC chemotherapy drug candidate with the ability to suppress stemness in CRC cells by inhibiting Akt/mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdenizia R Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Luciano de S Santos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Maria V L de Castro
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Rosane B Dias
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
- Department of Propedeutics, School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-909, Brazil
| | - Ludmila de F Valverde
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Clarissa A G Rocha
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
- Department of Propedeutics, School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-909, Brazil
| | - Milena B P Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems, University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, 41650-010, Brazil
| | - Claudio A Quadros
- São Rafael Hospital, Rede D'Or/São Luiz, Salvador, Bahia, 41253-190, Brazil
- Bahia State University, Salvador, Bahia, 41150-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Correa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Alzir A Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13561-901, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Bezerra
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil.
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Yoon S, Lee BK, Kim KP. Caffeine enhances chemosensitivity to irinotecan in the treatment of colorectal cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 121:155120. [PMID: 37806154 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer. This disease arises from gene mutations and epigenetic alterations that transform colonic epithelial cells into colon adenocarcinoma cells, which display a unique gene expression pattern compared to normal cells. Specifically, CRC cells exhibit significantly higher expression levels of genes involved in DNA repair or replication, which is attributed to the accumulation of DNA breakage resulting from rapid cell cycle progression. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the in vivo effects of caffeine on CRC cells and evaluate its impact on the sensitivity of these cells to irinotecan, a topoisomerase I inhibitor widely used for CRC treatment. METHODS Two CRC cell lines, HCT116 and HT29, were treated with irinotecan and caffeine. Western blot analysis assessed protein expression levels in caffeine/irinotecan-treated CRC cells. Immunofluorescence staining determined protein localization, measured DNA breaks, and explored the effects of DNA damage reagents during cell cycle progression and flow cytometry analysis was used to measure cell viability. Fiber assays investigated DNA synthesis in DNA-damaged cells during S-phase, while the comet assay assessed DNA fragmentation caused by DNA breaks. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that the combination of irinotecan and caffeine exhibits a synergistic effect in suppressing CRC cell proliferation and inducing cell death. Compared to treatment with only irinotecan or caffeine, the combined irinotecan and caffeine treatment was more effective in inducing DNA lesions by displacing RAD51 from DNA break sites and inhibiting DNA repair progression, leading to cell cycle arrest. This combination also resulted in more severe effects, including DNA fragmentation and mitotic catastrophe. CONCLUSION Caffeine could enhance the effectiveness of an existing drug for CRC treatment despite having little impact on the cell survival rate of CRC cells. Our findings suggest that the beneficial adjuvant effects of caffeine may not only be applicable to CRC but also to various other types of cancers at different stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seobin Yoon
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Bum-Kyu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, University of Albany-State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Keun Pil Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
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Cao J, Zhang Z, Zhou L, Luo M, Li L, Li B, Nice EC, He W, Zheng S, Huang C. Oncofetal reprogramming in tumor development and progression: novel insights into cancer therapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e427. [PMID: 38045829 PMCID: PMC10693315 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that cancer cells can mimic characteristics of embryonic development, promoting their development and progression. Cancer cells share features with embryonic development, characterized by robust proliferation and differentiation regulated by signaling pathways such as Wnt, Notch, hedgehog, and Hippo signaling. In certain phase, these cells also mimic embryonic diapause and fertilized egg implantation to evade treatments or immune elimination and promote metastasis. Additionally, the upregulation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, including multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), and breast cancer-resistant protein (BCRP), in drug-resistant cancer cells, analogous to their role in placental development, may facilitate chemotherapy efflux, further resulting in treatment resistance. In this review, we concentrate on the underlying mechanisms that contribute to tumor development and progression from the perspective of embryonic development, encompassing the dysregulation of developmental signaling pathways, the emergence of dormant cancer cells, immune microenvironment remodeling, and the hyperactivation of ABC transporters. Furthermore, we synthesize and emphasize the connections between cancer hallmarks and embryonic development, offering novel insights for the development of innovative cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjun Cao
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseasethe First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Department of Infectious Diseasesthe Second Affiliated HospitalInstitute for Viral Hepatitis, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Maochao Luo
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lei Li
- Department of anorectal surgeryHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Bowen Li
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of TraumaBurn and Combined InjuryInstitute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Shaojiang Zheng
- Hainan Cancer Medical Center of The First Affiliated Hospital, the Hainan Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hainan Engineering Research Center for Biological Sample Resources of Major DiseasesHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research of Hainan Province, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of EducationHainan Medical UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Canhua Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, and Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Jalil AT, Abdulhadi MA, Al Jawadri AMH, Talib HA, Al-Azzawi AKJ, Zabibah RS, Ali A. Cancer Stem Cells in Colorectal Cancer: Implications for Targeted Immunotherapies. J Gastrointest Cancer 2023; 54:1046-1057. [PMID: 37247115 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-023-00945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancers are composed of heterogeneous cell populations in the concepts of genetic and functional degrees that among them cancer stem cells are identified with their self-renewal and stemness capability mediating primary tumorigenesis, metastasize, therapeutic resistance, and tumor recurrence. Therefore, understanding the key mechanisms of stemness in colorectal cancer stem cells (CRCSCs) provides opportunities to discover new treatments or improve existing therapeutic regimens. METHODS We review the biological significance of stemness and the results of potential CRCSC-based targeted immunotherapies. Then, we pointed out the barriers to targeting CRCSCs in vivo and highlight new strategies based on synthetic and biogenic nanocarriers for the development of future anti-CRCSC trials. RESULTS The CSCs' surface markers, antigens, neoantigens, and signaling pathways supportive CRCSCs or immune cells that are interacted with CRCSCs could be targeted by immune monotherapy or in formulation with developed nanocarriers to overcome the resistant mechanisms in immune evader CRCSCs. CONCLUSION Identification molecular and cellular cues supporting stemness in CRCSCs and their targeting by nanoimmunotherpy can improve the efficacy of existed therapies or explore novel therapeutic options in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq.
| | | | | | - Hayder Abdullah Talib
- College of Agriculture, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | | | - Rahman S Zabibah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Alvarado-Ortiz E, Ortiz-Sánchez E, Sarabia-Sánchez MA, de la Cruz-López KG, García-Carrancá A, Robles-Flores M. Mutant p53 gain-of-function stimulates canonical Wnt signaling via PI3K/AKT pathway in colon cancer. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00793-4. [PMID: 37982965 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant canonical Wnt signaling is a hallmark of colon cancer. The TP53 tumor suppressor gene is altered in many solid tumors, including colorectal cancer, resulting in mutant versions of p53 (mut-p53) that lose their tumor suppressor capacities and acquire new-oncogenic functions (GOFs) critical for disease progression. Although the mechanisms related to mut-p53 GOF have been explored extensively, the relevance of mut-p53 in the canonical Wnt pathway is not well defined. This work investigated the influence of mut-p53 compared to wt-p53 in β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling. Using the TCGA public data from Pan-Cancer and the GEPIA2 platform, an in silico analysis of wt-p53 versus mut-p53 genotyped colorectal cancer patients showed that TP53 (p53) and CTNNB1 (β-catenin) are significantly overexpressed in colorectal cancer, compared with normal tissue. Using p53 overexpression or p53 knockdown assays of wt-p53 or mut-p53, we found that while wt-p53 antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling, mut-p53 induces the opposite effect, improving the β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activity and colony formation ability of colon cancer cells, which were both decreased by mut-p53 knockdown expression. The mechanism involved in mut-p53-induced activation of canonical Wnt appears to be via AKT-mediated phosphorylation of Ser 552 of β-catenin, which is known to stabilize and enhance its transcriptional activity. We also found that while wt-p53 expression contributes to 5-FU sensitivity in colon cancer cells, the RITA p53 reactivating molecule counteracted the resistance against 5-FU in cells expressing mut-p53. Our results indicate that mut-p53 GOF acts as a positive regulator of canonical Wnt signaling and participates in the induction of resistance to 5-FU in colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Alvarado-Ortiz
- Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Karen Griselda de la Cruz-López
- Laboratorio de Virus & Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México & Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Laboratorio de Virus & Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México & Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Robles-Flores
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Shi X, Wei K, Wu Y, Mao L, Pei W, Zhu H, Shi Y, Zhang S, Tao S, Wang J, Pang S, Mao H, Wang W, Yang Q, Chen C. Exosome-derived miR-372-5p promotes stemness and metastatic ability of CRC cells by inducing macrophage polarization. Cell Signal 2023; 111:110884. [PMID: 37690660 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common malignancy in the digestive system, and tumor metastasis is the main cause of death in clinical patients with CRC. It has been shown that exosomes promote phenotypic changes in macrophages and tumor metastasis in the CRC tumor microenvironment. In this study, we used miRNA-seq technology to screen out the highly expressed miR-372-5p among the miRNAs differentially expressed in plasma exosomes of clinical CRC patients. It was found that miR-372-5p highly expressed in HCT116 exosomes could be phagocytosed by macrophages and promote their polarization into M2 macrophages by regulating the PTEN/AKT pathway. Meanwhile, co-culture of CRC cells with conditioned medium (CM) of macrophages enhanced the EMT, stemness and metastasis of CRC cells. Mechanistically, CRC cells exosome-derived miR-372-5p induced polarized M2 macrophages to secrete chemokine C-X-C-Motif Ligand 12 (CXCL12), which activated the WNT/β-catenin pathway to promote the EMT, stemness and metastatic ability of CRC cells. In summary, this study elucidated the molecular mechanism of exosomal miR-372-5p promoting metastasis and stemness in CRC, which may provide new therapeutic targets for CRC metastasis and prognosis assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuru Shi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research (Bengbu Medical College), Anhui 233030, China
| | - Ke Wei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research (Bengbu Medical College), Anhui 233030, China
| | - Yulun Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research (Bengbu Medical College), Anhui 233030, China
| | - Lingyu Mao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research (Bengbu Medical College), Anhui 233030, China
| | - Wenhao Pei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research (Bengbu Medical College), Anhui 233030, China
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research (Bengbu Medical College), Anhui 233030, China
| | - Yingxiang Shi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research (Bengbu Medical College), Anhui 233030, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research (Bengbu Medical College), Anhui 233030, China
| | - Shuang Tao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research (Bengbu Medical College), Anhui 233030, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research (Bengbu Medical College), Anhui 233030, China
| | - Siyan Pang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research (Bengbu Medical College), Anhui 233030, China
| | - Huilan Mao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research (Bengbu Medical College), Anhui 233030, China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China.
| | - Qingling Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China.
| | - Changjie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui 233030, China.
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Zhong Q, Wang H, Yang J, Tu R, Li A, Zeng G, Zheng Q, Yu Liu Z, Shang‐Guan Z, Bo Huang X, Huang Q, Li Y, Zheng H, Lin G, Huang Z, Xu K, Qiu W, Jiang M, Zhao Y, Lin J, Huang Z, Huang J, Li P, Xie J, Zheng C, Chen Q, Huang C. Loss of ATOH1 in Pit Cell Drives Stemness and Progression of Gastric Adenocarcinoma by Activating AKT/mTOR Signaling through GAS1. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301977. [PMID: 37824217 PMCID: PMC10646280 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) are self-renewing tumor cells that govern chemoresistance in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), whereas their regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here, the study aims to elucidate the role of ATOH1 in the maintenance of GCSCs. The preclinical model and GAC sample analysis indicate that ATOH1 deficiency is correlated with poor GAC prognosis and chemoresistance. ScRNA-seq reveals that ATOH1 is downregulated in the pit cells of GAC compared with those in paracarcinoma samples. Lineage tracing reveals that Atoh1 deletion strongly confers pit cell stemness. ATOH1 depletion significantly accelerates cancer stemness and chemoresistance in Tff1-CreERT2; Rosa26Tdtomato and Tff1-CreERT2; Apcfl/fl ; p53fl/fl (TcPP) mouse models and organoids. ATOH1 deficiency downregulates growth arrest-specific protein 1 (GAS1) by suppressing GAS1 promoter transcription. GAS1 forms a complex with RET, which inhibits Tyr1062 phosphorylation, and consequently activates the RET/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by ATOH1 deficiency. Combining chemotherapy with drugs targeting AKT/mTOR signaling can overcome ATOH1 deficiency-induced chemoresistance. Moreover, it is confirmed that abnormal DNA hypermethylation induces ATOH1 deficiency. Taken together, the results demonstrate that ATOH1 loss promotes cancer stemness through the ATOH1/GAS1/RET/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in GAC, thus providing a potential therapeutic strategy for AKT/mTOR inhibitors in GAC patients with ATOH1 deficiency.
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Sha A, Liu Y, Qiu X, Xiong B. Polysaccharide from Paris polyphylla improves learning and memory ability in D-galactose-induced aging model mice based on antioxidation, p19/p53/p21, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126311. [PMID: 37579895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Paris polyphylla polysaccharide component 1 (PPPm-1) to improve learning and memory in D-galactose-induced aging model mice. We determined the effects of PPPm-1 on the brain, organ index, and behavior in the aging model mice induced by D-galactose to study learning and memory improvement. UV-Vis spectrophotometry helped determine the PPPm-1 effect on antioxidant parameters associated with learning and memory in the brain and related organs of aging mice. Moreover, in the hippocampi of aging model mice, PPPm-1 effect on the mRNA and protein expressions of p19, p53, p21, P16, Rb, Wnt/1, β-catenin, CyclinD1, TCF-4, and GSK-3β were detected using the quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The results indicated that PPPm-1 could increase the brain and organ indexes, the avoidance latency, the total distance and average speed in the water maze, and the SOD and GSH-PX activities in the brain, liver tissues, and plasma. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expressions of Wnt/1, β-catenin, CyclinD1, and TCF-4 were also elevated in the hippocampi of aging model mice. However, the error times in step-through tests, the MDA content in the brain and liver tissues, the AChE activity in the brain tissue, the protein expressions of P16, Rb in the hippocampi, and the mRNA and protein expressions of p19, p53, p21, and GSK-3β in the hippocampi of aging model mice were significantly decreased. Thus, PPPm-1 significantly enhanced the learning and memory impairment induced by D-galactose in mice. The action mechanisms were associated with anti-oxidative stress, cholinergic nervous system function regulation, LTP enhancement in long-term memory, down-regulated expression of p19/p53/p21 signaling pathway factors, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailong Sha
- School of Teacher Education, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404120, China; School of biology and food engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404120, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- School of biology and food engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404120, China
| | - Xinyu Qiu
- School of biology and food engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404120, China
| | - Binbing Xiong
- School of biology and food engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, 404120, China
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Lu Y, Wang S, Jiao Y. The Effects of Deregulated Ribosomal Biogenesis in Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1593. [PMID: 38002277 PMCID: PMC10669593 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosomes are macromolecular ribonucleoprotein complexes assembled from RNA and proteins. Functional ribosomes arise from the nucleolus, require ribosomal RNA processing and the coordinated assembly of ribosomal proteins (RPs), and are frequently hyperactivated to support the requirement for protein synthesis during the self-biosynthetic and metabolic activities of cancer cells. Studies have provided relevant information on targeted anticancer molecules involved in ribosome biogenesis (RiBi), as increased RiBi is characteristic of many types of cancer. The association between unlimited cell proliferation and alterations in specific steps of RiBi has been highlighted as a possible critical driver of tumorigenesis and metastasis. Thus, alterations in numerous regulators and actors involved in RiBi, particularly in cancer, significantly affect the rate and quality of protein synthesis and, ultimately, the transcriptome to generate the associated proteome. Alterations in RiBi in cancer cells activate nucleolar stress response-related pathways that play important roles in cancer-targeted interventions and immunotherapies. In this review, we focus on the association between alterations in RiBi and cancer. Emphasis is placed on RiBi deregulation and its secondary consequences, including changes in protein synthesis, loss of RPs, adaptive transcription and translation, nucleolar stress regulation, metabolic changes, and the impaired ribosome biogenesis checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shizhuo Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110055, China;
| | - Yisheng Jiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110055, China;
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