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Sellæg K, Schwienbacher R, Kranz M, Aamodt AE, Wirsing AM, Berge G, Hadler-Olsen E, Magnussen SN. 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced oral epithelial lesions exhibit time- and stage-dependent changes in the tumor immune microenvironment. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1343839. [PMID: 38812785 PMCID: PMC11133644 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1343839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is the most common cancer of the oral cavity and is associated with high morbidity due to local invasion and lymph node metastasis. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are associated with good prognosis in oral cancer patients and dictate response to treatment. Ectopic sites for immune activation in tumors, known as tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), and tumor-associated high-endothelial venules (TA-HEVs), which are specialized lymphocyte recruiting vessels, are associated with a favorable prognosis in OSCC. Why only some tumors support the development of TLS and HEVs is poorly understood. In the current study we explored the infiltration of lymphocyte subsets and the development of TLS and HEVs in oral epithelial lesions using the 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced mouse model of oral carcinogenesis. We found that the immune response to 4NQO-induced oral epithelial lesions was dominated by T cell subsets. The number of T cells (CD4+, FoxP3+, and CD8+), B cells (B220+) and PNAd+ HEVs increased from the earliest to the latest endpoints. All the immune markers increased with the severity of the dysplasia, while the number of HEVs and B cells further increased in SCCs. HEVs were present already in early-stage lesions, while TLS did not develop at any timepoint. This suggests that the 4NQO model is applicable to study the dynamics of the tumor immune microenvironment at early phases of oral cancer development, including the regulation of TA-HEVs in OTSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjersti Sellæg
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø (UiT) – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ruth Schwienbacher
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø (UiT) – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mathias Kranz
- PET Imaging Center Tromsø, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anna Engan Aamodt
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø (UiT) – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anna M. Wirsing
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø (UiT) – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gerd Berge
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø (UiT) – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Elin Hadler-Olsen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø (UiT) – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- The Public Dental Health Competence Center of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Synnøve Norvoll Magnussen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø (UiT) – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Liu J, Ouyang Y, Xia Z, Mai W, Song H, Zhou F, Shen L, Chen K, Li X, Zhuang SM, Liao J. FAP is a prognostic marker, but not a viable therapeutic target for clinical translation in HNSCC. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:623-638. [PMID: 37856075 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE PD-1 targeted immunotherapy has imparted a survival benefit to advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but less than 20% patients produce a durable response to this therapy. Here we aimed to investigate the potential biomarkers for predicting the clinical outcome and resistance to PD-1 targeted immunotherapy in HNSCC patients, and to examine the involvement of FAP+ cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). METHODS Bioinformatics methods were applied to analyze multiple datasets and explore the role of PD-1 and FAP in HNSCC. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of FAP protein. Fap gene knockout mice (Fap-/-) and L929 cells with different levels of Fap overexpression (L929-Fap-Low/High) were established to demonstrate the role of FAP+ CAFs in tumor development and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) resistance. RESULTS The expression level of PD-1 gene was positively correlated with better overall survival and therapeutic response to PD-1 blockade in HNSCC, but not all tumors with high expression of both PD-1 and PD-L1 were responsive. Moreover, FAP gene was overexpressed in pan-cancer tissues, and could serve as a prognostic biomarker for several cancers, including HNSCC. However, FAP protein was undetectable in mouse MTCQ1 tumors and barely expressed in human HNSCC tumors. Furthermore, FAP+ CAFs did not promote tumor growth or enhance the resistance to PD-1 inhibitor treatment. CONCLUSION Although FAP+ CAFs have attracted increasing attention for their role in cancer, the feasibility and efficacy of FAP-targeting therapies for HNSCC remain doubtful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yeling Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Zijin Xia
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Mai
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongrui Song
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Central Sterile Supply Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lichun Shen
- Department of General Surgery of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaiting Chen
- Department of General Surgery of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- Department of General Surgery of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Min Zhuang
- Department of General Surgery of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jing Liao
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Reeves MQ, Balmain A. Mutations, Bottlenecks, and Clonal Sweeps: How Environmental Carcinogens and Genomic Changes Shape Clonal Evolution during Tumor Progression. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2024; 14:a041388. [PMID: 38052482 PMCID: PMC10910358 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The transition from a single, initiated cell to a full-blown malignant tumor involves significant genomic evolution. Exposure to carcinogens-whether directly mutagenic or not-can drive progression toward malignancy, as can stochastic acquisition of cancer-promoting genetic events. Mouse models using both carcinogens and germline genetic manipulations have enabled precise inquiry into the evolutionary dynamics that take place as a tumor progresses from benign to malignant to metastatic stages. Tumor progression is characterized by changes in somatic point mutations and copy-number alterations, even though any single tumor can itself have a high or low burden of genomic alterations. Further, lineage-tracing, single-cell analyses and CRISPR barcoding have revealed the distinct clonal dynamics within benign and malignant tumors. Application of these tools in a range of mouse models can shed unique light on the patterns of clonal evolution that take place in both mouse and human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Q Reeves
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Allan Balmain
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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4
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Ko EK, Anderson A, D'souza C, Zou J, Huang S, Cho S, Alawi F, Prouty S, Lee V, Yoon S, Krick K, Horiuchi Y, Ge K, Seykora JT, Capell BC. Disruption of H3K36 methylation provokes cellular plasticity to drive aberrant glandular formation and squamous carcinogenesis. Dev Cell 2024; 59:187-198.e7. [PMID: 38198888 PMCID: PMC10872381 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Chromatin organization is essential for maintaining cell-fate trajectories and developmental programs. Here, we find that disruption of H3K36 methylation dramatically impairs normal epithelial differentiation and development, which promotes increased cellular plasticity and enrichment of alternative cell fates. Specifically, we observe a striking increase in the aberrant generation of excessive epithelial glandular tissues, including hypertrophic salivary, sebaceous, and meibomian glands, as well as enhanced squamous tumorigenesis. These phenotypic and gene expression manifestations are associated with loss of H3K36me2 and rewiring of repressive H3K27me3, changes we also observe in human patients with glandular hyperplasia. Collectively, these results have identified a critical role for H3K36 methylation in both in vivo epithelial cell-fate decisions and the prevention of squamous carcinogenesis and suggest that H3K36 methylation modulation may offer new avenues for the treatment of numerous common disorders driven by altered glandular function, which collectively affect large segments of the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Ko
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy Anderson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carina D'souza
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Zou
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sijia Huang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn Institute of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sohyun Cho
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Faizan Alawi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Prouty
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vivian Lee
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sora Yoon
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keegan Krick
- Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yoko Horiuchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kai Ge
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John T Seykora
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian C Capell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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5
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Scemama A, Lunetto S, Tailor A, Di Cio S, Dibble M, Gautrot J, Biddle A. Development of an in vitro microfluidic model to study the role of microenvironmental cells in oral cancer metastasis. F1000Res 2024; 12:439. [PMID: 38434654 PMCID: PMC10904955 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.131810.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis occurs when cancer cells leave the primary tumour and travel to a secondary site to form a new lesion. The tumour microenvironment (TME) is recognised to greatly influence this process, with for instance the vascular system enabling the dissemination of the cells into other tissues. However, understanding the exact role of these microenvironmental cells during metastasis has proven challenging. Indeed, in vitro models often appear too simplistic, and the study of the interactions between different cell types in a 3D space is limited. On the other hand, even though in vivo models incorporate the TME, observing cells in real-time to understand their exact role is difficult. Horizontal compartmentalised microfluidic models are a promising new platform for metastasis studies. These devices, composed of adjacent microchannels, can incorporate multiple cell types within a 3D space. Furthermore, the transparency and thickness of these models also enables high quality real-time imaging to be performed. This paper demonstrates how these devices can be successfully used for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) metastasis studies, focusing on the role of the vascular system in this process. Conditions for co-culture of OSCC cells and endothelial cells have been determined and staining protocols optimised. Furthermore, several imaging analysis techniques for these models are described, enabling precise segmentation of the different cell types on the images as well as accurate assessment of their phenotype. These methods can be applied to any study aiming to understand the role of microenvironmental cell types in cancer metastatic dissemination, and overcome several challenges encountered with current in vitro and in vivo models. Hence, this new in vitro model capable of recapitulating important aspects of the cellular complexity of human metastatic dissemination can ultimately contribute to replacing animal studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Scemama
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | | | - Artysha Tailor
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Stefania Di Cio
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Matthew Dibble
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Julien Gautrot
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Adrian Biddle
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
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6
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Coeli-Lacchini FB, da Silva G, Belentani M, Alves JSF, Ushida TR, Lunardelli GT, Garcia CB, Silva TA, Lopes NP, Leopoldino AM. Spermidine Suppresses Oral Carcinogenesis through Autophagy Induction, DNA Damage Repair, and Oxidative Stress Reduction. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:2172-2181. [PMID: 37741450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy has been proposed to play a dual role in cancer-as a tumor suppressor in early stages and oncogenic in late stages of tumorigenesis. This study investigated the role of autophagy in oral carcinogenesis using the model of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) induced by carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), mimicking molecular and histopathologic aspects of human OSCC. The induction of autophagy by spermidine (SPD) treatment reduced the severity of lesions and the incidence of OSCC in mice exposed to 4NQO. On the other hand, autophagy inhibition by chloroquine treatment had no protection. The comet assay indicated that SPD reduced 4NQO-induced DNA damage, likely related to the activation of DNA repair and the decrease of reactive oxygen species. As sphingolipid alterations have been reported in OSCC, sphingolipids in the tongue and plasma of animals were analyzed and plasma C16 ceramide levels were shown to increase proportionally to lesion severity, indicating its potential as a biomarker. Mice exposed to 4NQO plus SPD had lower levels of C16 ceramide than the 4NQO group, which indicated SPD's ability to prevent the 4NQO-induced carcinogenesis. Together, these data indicate that activation of autophagy has a tumor suppressor role during the early stages of oral carcinogenesis. Because of its ability to induce autophagy accompanied by reduced oxidative stress and DNA damage, SPD may have a protective action against chemically induced oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda B Coeli-Lacchini
- Departments of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
| | - Gabriel da Silva
- Departments of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
| | - Monica Belentani
- Departments of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
| | - Jovelina S F Alves
- Departments of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
| | - Tatiane R Ushida
- Departments of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
| | - Glauce T Lunardelli
- Departments of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
| | - Cristiana B Garcia
- Departments of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte
| | - Tarcília A Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Norberto P Lopes
- Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréia M Leopoldino
- Departments of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, and Food Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte.
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Lee YM, Hsu CL, Chen YH, Ou DL, Hsu C, Tan CT. Genomic and Transcriptomic Landscape of an Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mouse Model for Immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:1553-1567. [PMID: 37669022 PMCID: PMC10618654 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1), has shown moderate efficacy in some patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Because of this, it is imperative to establish a mouse tumor model to explore mechanisms of antitumor immunity and to develop novel therapeutic options. Here, we examined the 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) model for genetic aberrations, transcriptomic profiles, and immune cell composition at different pathologic stages. Genomic exome analysis in OSCC-bearing mice showed conservation of critical mutations found in human HNSCC. Transcriptomic data revealed that a key signature comprised of immune-related genes was increased beginning at the moderate dysplasia stages. We first identified that macrophage composition in primary tumors differed across pathologic stages, leading to an oncogenic evolution through a change in the M1/M2 macrophage ratio during tumorigenesis. We treated the 4NQO-induced OSCC-bearing mice with anti-PD-1 and agonistic anti-CD40, which modulated multiple immune responses. The growth of tumor cells was significantly decreased by agonistic anti-CD40 by promoting an increase in the M1/M2 ratio. By examining cross-species genomic conservation in human and mouse tumors, our study demonstrates the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of OSCC and the regulation of contributing immune-related factors, and aims to facilitate the development of suitable ICI-based treatments for patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Mei Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Core Laboratory, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Core Laboratory, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Da-Liang Ou
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- YongLin Institute of Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiun Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ting Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Core Laboratory, Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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8
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Sadeghi ES, Nematpour FS, Mohtasham N, Mohajertehran F. The oncogenic role of NOTCH1 as biomarker in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral lichen planus. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2023; 20:102. [PMID: 38020255 PMCID: PMC10630544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer with heterogeneous molecular pathogenesis. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is demonstrated potentially can transfer to OSCC malignant lesions. Unfortunately, there are no definitive prognostic and predictive biomarkers for the clinical management of OSCC patients. The present research is the first study that compared an oral premalignant lesion such as OLP to malignant lesions like OSCC for NOTCH1 expression levels to better understand its oncogenic or tumor suppressive role. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, mRNA expression of NOTCH1 was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 65 tissue-embedded Paraffin-Block samples, including 32 OSCC and 33 OLP. Furthermore, we collected demographic information and pathological data, including tumor stage and grade. The association between NOTCH1 and GAPDH gene expressions was determined by Chi-squared, Spearman, and Mann-Whitney tests. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all statistical analyses. Results Comparison of OSCC and OLP groups showed a statistically significant difference between the quantitative expression of the NOTCH1 gene (P < 0.001). Qualitative gene expression was divided into low expression and high expression. Both study groups demonstrated a statistically significant gene expression difference (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between age and NOTCH1 expression in the OLP group (P = 0.036). There was no correlation between NOTCH1 expression and age, gender, tumor grade, and stage. Conclusion Since the OSCC is a malignant lesion and the OLP showed the possible nature of malignancy transformation, we can consider the NOTCH1 as a biomarker for the assessment of the tumorigenesis process with a definition of a standard threshold for potentially malignant lesions and malignant OSCC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nooshin Mohtasham
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farnaz Mohajertehran
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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9
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Nguyen KA, DePledge LN, Bian L, Ke Y, Samedi V, Berning AA, Owens P, Wang XJ, Young CD. Polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase gamma are critical to tobacco-mimicking oral carcinogenesis in mice. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007110. [PMID: 37734878 PMCID: PMC10514604 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a devastating disease most often associated with tobacco consumption that induces a field of mutations from which a tumor arises. Identification of ways to prevent the emergence of cancer in high-risk patients is an ultimate goal for combatting all types of cancer, including OSCC. METHODS Our study employs a mouse model of tongue carcinogenesis induced by tobacco carcinogen mimetic, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), to establish tongue dysplasia and OSCC. We use conventional histology, immunohistochemistry, multispectral imaging, mass cytometry, novel cell lines, pharmaceutical inhibition of PI3Kγ, T-cell suppression assays and mouse transplant models in our functional experimentation. RESULTS In our study, we identify Ly6G+ granulocytes as the most abundant immune cell type in a model of tongue carcinogenesis induced by tobacco carcinogen mimetic 4NQO. Targeting Ly6G+ granulocytes with a pharmacologic inhibitor of PI3Kγ, an isoform of PI3K exclusively expressed by myeloid cells, resulted in reduced tongue dysplasia severity, and reduced rates of OSCC. Importantly, we performed functional assays with the Ly6G+ granulocytes induced in cell line models of 4NQO carcinogenesis to demonstrate that these granulocytes have increased polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) activity against T-cell proliferation and these PMN-MDSCs play a functional role in promoting tumor formation by inhibiting tumor regression in a PI3Kγ-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data suggest that recruitment of PMN-MDSCs to sites of dysplasia is critical to immune suppression of CD8 T cells, thereby permitting malignancy, and PI3Kγ inhibitors are one mechanism to reduce PMN-MDSC recruitment, immunosuppression and tumorigenesis in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa A Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lisa N DePledge
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Li Bian
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Yao Ke
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Von Samedi
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amber A Berning
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Philip Owens
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Christian D Young
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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10
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Lin LH, Chang KW, Cheng HW, Liu CJ. Identification of Somatic Mutations in Plasma Cell-Free DNA from Patients with Metastatic Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10408. [PMID: 37373553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate diagnosis and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) requires an understanding of its genomic alterations. Liquid biopsies, especially cell-free DNA (cfDNA) analysis, are a minimally invasive technique used for genomic profiling. We conducted comprehensive whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 50 paired OSCC cell-free plasma with whole blood samples using multiple mutation calling pipelines and filtering criteria. Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV) was used to validate somatic mutations. Mutation burden and mutant genes were correlated to clinico-pathological parameters. The plasma mutation burden of cfDNA was significantly associated with clinical staging and distant metastasis status. The genes TTN, PLEC, SYNE1, and USH2A were most frequently mutated in OSCC, and known driver genes, including KMT2D, LRP1B, TRRAP, and FLNA, were also significantly and frequently mutated. Additionally, the novel mutated genes CCDC168, HMCN2, STARD9, and CRAMP1 were significantly and frequently present in patients with OSCC. The mutated genes most frequently found in patients with metastatic OSCC were RORC, SLC49A3, and NUMBL. Further analysis revealed that branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, and the hypoxia-related pathway were associated with OSCC prognosis. Choline metabolism in cancer, O-glycan biosynthesis, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway were associated with distant metastatic status. About 20% of tumors carried at least one aberrant event in BCAA catabolism signaling that could possibly be targeted by an approved therapeutic agent. We identified molecular-level OSCC that were correlated with etiology and prognosis while defining the landscape of major altered events of the OSCC plasma genome. These findings will be useful in the design of clinical trials for targeted therapies and the stratification of patients with OSCC according to therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Lin
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung San N. Rd., Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11121, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung San N. Rd., Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ji Liu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung San N. Rd., Taipei 10449, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Taipei MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
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11
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Wang S, Ying L, Yu SY, Bai J, Hao C. Can precancerous stem cells be risk markers for malignant transformation in the oral mucosa? Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:30. [PMID: 37029348 PMCID: PMC10080963 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00441-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate assessment of the carcinogenic potential of oral mucosal diseases can significantly reduce the prevalence of oral cancer. We speculate that precancerous stem cells (pCSCs) arise during the evolution of carcinomas based on long-term experimental findings, published literature, and the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory, wherein pCSCs exist in precancerous lesions and have characteristics of both CSCs and normal stem cells. This apparently contradictory feature may be the foundation of the reversible transformation of precancerous lesions. Predicting malignant transformation in potentially malignant oral illnesses would allow for focused treatment, prognosis, and secondary prevention. Currently available clinical assays for chromosomal instability and DNA aneuploidy have several deficiencies. We hope that our study will increase attention to pCSC research and lead to the development of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of oral cancer by identifying pCSC markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570216, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liu Ying
- College of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yi Yu
- Pharmacy Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunbo Hao
- Department of Stomatology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, 570100, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Hu B, Qian X, Qian P, Xu G, Jin X, Chen D, Xu L, Tang J, Wu W, Li W, Zhang J. Advances in the functions of CTRP6 in the development and progression of the malignancy. Front Genet 2022; 13:985077. [PMID: 36313428 PMCID: PMC9596804 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.985077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CTRP6, a member of the C1q/TNF-related protein (CTRP) family, has gained increasing scientific interest because of its regulatory role in tumor progression. Previous studies have shown that CTRP6 is closely involved in regulating various pathophysiological processes, including glucose and lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation. To date, CTRP6 has been identified as related to eight different malignancies, including lung cancer, oral cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, renal cancer, and ovarian cancer. CTRP6 is reported to be associated with tumor progression by activating a series of related signal networks. This review article mainly discusses the biochemistry and pleiotropic pathophysiological functions of CTRP6 as a new molecular mediator in carcinogenesis, hoping that the information summarized herein could make a modest contribution to the development of novel cancer treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Pathology and Municipal Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaolan Qian
- Department of Pathology and Municipal Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ping Qian
- Department of Pathology and Municipal Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Deqing Chen
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Long Xu
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Pathology and Municipal Key-Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Wanlu Li
- Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
- *Correspondence: Wanlu Li, ; Jin Zhang,
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
- *Correspondence: Wanlu Li, ; Jin Zhang,
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13
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Di Z, Zhou S, Xu G, Ren L, Li C, Ding Z, Huang K, Liang L, Yuan Y. Single-cell and WGCNA uncover a prognostic model and potential oncogenes in colorectal cancer. Biol Proced Online 2022; 24:13. [PMID: 36117173 PMCID: PMC9484253 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-022-00175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) can provide accurate gene expression data for individual cells. In this study, a new prognostic model was constructed by scRNA-seq and bulk transcriptome sequencing (bulk RNA-seq) data of CRC samples to develop a new understanding of CRC. Methods CRC scRNA-seq data were downloaded from the GSE161277 database, and CRC bulk RNA-seq data were downloaded from the TCGA and GSE17537 databases. The cells were clustered by the FindNeighbors and FindClusters functions in scRNA-seq data. CIBERSORTx was applied to detect the abundance of cell clusters in the bulk RNA-seq expression matrix. WGCNA was performed with the expression profiles to construct the gene coexpression networks of TCGA-CRC. Next, we used a tenfold cross test to construct the model and a nomogram to assess the independence of the model for clinical application. Finally, we examined the expression of the unreported model genes by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. A clone formation assay and orthotopic colorectal tumour model were applied to detect the regulatory roles of unreported model genes. Results A total of 43,851 cells were included after quality control, and 20 cell clusters were classified by the FindCluster () function. We found that the abundances of C1, C2, C4, C5, C15, C16 and C19 were high and the abundances of C7, C10, C11, C13, C14 and C17 were low in CRC tumour tissues. Meanwhile, the results of survival analysis showed that high abundances of C4, C11 and C13 and low abundances of C5 and C14 were associated with better survival. The WGCNA results showed that the red module was most related to the tumour and the C14 cluster, which contains 615 genes. Lasso Cox regression analysis revealed 8 genes (PBXIP1, MPMZ, SCARA3, INA, ILK, MPP2, L1CAM and FLNA), which were chosen to construct a risk model. In the model, the risk score features had the greatest impact on survival prediction, indicating that the 8-gene risk model can better predict prognosis. qPCR and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the expression levels of MPZ, SCARA3, MPP2 and PBXIP1 were high in CRC tissues. The functional experiment results indicated that MPZ, SCARA3, MPP2 and PBXIP1 could promote the colony formation ability of CRC cells in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Conclusions We constructed a risk model to predict the prognosis of CRC patients based on scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data, which could be used for clinical application. We also identified 4 previously unreported model genes (MPZ, SCARA3, MPP2 and PBXIP1) as novel oncogenes in CRC. These results suggest that this model could potentially be used to evaluate the prognostic risk and provide potential therapeutic targets for CRC patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12575-022-00175-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Di
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sicheng Zhou
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoran Xu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lian Ren
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengxin Li
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheyu Ding
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaixin Huang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Leilei Liang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yihang Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
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14
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Parvin M, Rahaman A, Sarkar A, Debnath S, De UC, Mandal DP, Bhattacharjee S. Oroxylum indicum Stem Bark Extract Reduces Tumor Progression by Inhibiting the EGFR-PI3K-AKT Pathway in an In Vivo 4NQO-Induced Oral Cancer Model. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2022:1-15. [PMID: 35984397 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2022.2107583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the predominant type of oral cancer. Its incidence is high in certain geographic regions, and it is correlated with chewing tobacco. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), induced by tobacco carcinogens, is overexpressed in OSCC, leading to poor prognosis. Thus, EGFR inhibitors are promising agents against OSCC. High cost and toxicity of existing EGFR inhibitors necessitate alternative EGFR-targeted therapy. Here, we tested the antitumor potential of ethyl acetate fraction of an ethnomedicinal tree, Oroxylum indicum stem bark extract (OIEA) in a 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced oral carcinogenesis model. METHODS OIEA was prepared by solvent extraction method, and subsequently its in vitro radical scavenging activities were measured. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of OIEA was done to identify the constituent active compounds. Hemolytic, trypan blue exclusion, and MTT [3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide] assays were performed in normal and cancer cells to select an optimum dose of OIEA for antitumor activity study in 4NQO-induced oral cancer in F344 rats. Measurement of tumor volume, weight, and cell count was followed by tumor cell cycle analysis and comet and annexin V/Propidium Iodide (PI) assay. Pro-apoptotic markers were detected by western blot testing. Molecular docking was done to predict the interaction between OIEA active component and EGFR or phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), which was further validated biologically. Finally, hepatic and renal function testing and histopathology were performed. RESULTS OIEA reduced tumor burden and increased survivability of the tumor-bearing rats significantly as compared to untreated tumor bearers. HPLC revealed oroxylin A as the predominant bioactive component in OIEA. Molecular docking predicted significant binding between oroxylin A and EGFR as well as PI3K, which was confirmed by western blot analysis of in vivo samples. OIEA also ameliorated hepato-, renal- and myelotoxicity induced by 4NQO. CONCLUSION OIEA reduces 4NQO-induced OSCC by modulating the EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling cascade and also ameliorated toxicity in tumor bearers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munia Parvin
- Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ashikur Rahaman
- Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudhan Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, N.S. Mahavidyalaya, Udaipur, Tripura, India
| | - Utpal Chandra De
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Agartala, Tripura, India
| | - Deba Prasad Mandal
- Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shamee Bhattacharjee
- Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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15
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Shi Y, Xie T, Wang B, Wang R, Cai Y, Yuan B, Gleber-Netto FO, Tian X, Rodriguez-Rosario AE, Osman AA, Wang J, Pickering CR, Ren X, Sikora AG, Myers JN, Rangel R. Mutant p53 drives an immune cold tumor immune microenvironment in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Commun Biol 2022; 5:757. [PMID: 35902768 PMCID: PMC9334280 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03675-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The critical role of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in determining response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy underscores the importance of understanding cancer cell-intrinsic mechanisms driving immune-excluded ("cold") TIMEs. One such cold tumor is oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a tobacco-associated cancer with mutations in the TP53 gene which responds poorly to ICI therapy. Because altered TP53 function promotes tumor progression and plays a potential role in TIME modulation, here we developed a syngeneic OSCC models with defined Trp53 (p53) mutations and characterized their TIMEs and degree of ICI responsiveness. We observed that a carcinogen-induced p53 mutation promoted a cold TIME enriched with immunosuppressive M2 macrophages highly resistant to ICI therapy. p53-mutated cold tumors failed to respond to combination ICI treatment; however, the combination of a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist restored responsiveness. These syngeneic OSCC models can be used to gain insights into tumor cell-intrinsic drivers of immune resistance and to develop effective immunotherapeutic approaches for OSCC and other ICI-resistant solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewen Shi
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 7030 USA ,grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Tongxin Xie
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 7030 USA
| | - Bingbing Wang
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 7030 USA
| | - Rong Wang
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Department of Endodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Cai
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Frederico O. Gleber-Netto
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 7030 USA
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Alanis E. Rodriguez-Rosario
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 7030 USA ,grid.449853.70000 0001 2051 0540Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Bayamon, Puerto Rico USA
| | - Abdullah A. Osman
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 7030 USA
| | - Jing Wang
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Curtis R. Pickering
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 7030 USA
| | - Xiaoyong Ren
- grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004 China
| | - Andrew G. Sikora
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 7030 USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Myers
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 7030 USA
| | - Roberto Rangel
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 7030 USA
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16
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Saddawi-Konefka R, O'Farrell A, Faraji F, Clubb L, Allevato MM, Jensen SM, Yung BS, Wang Z, Wu VH, Anang NA, Msari RA, Schokrpur S, Pietryga IF, Molinolo AA, Mesirov JP, Simon AB, Fox BA, Bui JD, Sharabi A, Cohen EEW, Califano JA, Gutkind JS. Lymphatic-preserving treatment sequencing with immune checkpoint inhibition unleashes cDC1-dependent antitumor immunity in HNSCC. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4298. [PMID: 35879302 PMCID: PMC9314425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31941-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the promise of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI), therapeutic responses remain limited. This raises the possibility that standard of care treatments delivered in concert may compromise the tumor response. To address this, we employ tobacco-signature head and neck squamous cell carcinoma murine models in which we map tumor-draining lymphatics and develop models for regional lymphablation with surgery or radiation. We find that lymphablation eliminates the tumor ICI response, worsening overall survival and repolarizing the tumor- and peripheral-immune compartments. Mechanistically, within tumor-draining lymphatics, we observe an upregulation of conventional type I dendritic cells and type I interferon signaling and show that both are necessary for the ICI response and lost with lymphablation. Ultimately, we provide a mechanistic understanding of how standard oncologic therapies targeting regional lymphatics impact the tumor response to immune-oncology therapy in order to define rational, lymphatic-preserving treatment sequences that mobilize systemic antitumor immunity, achieve optimal tumor responses, control regional metastatic disease, and confer durable antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Saddawi-Konefka
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Aoife O'Farrell
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Farhoud Faraji
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Clubb
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Shawn M Jensen
- Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Robert W Franz Cancer Research Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Bryan S Yung
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Victoria H Wu
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Shiruyeh Schokrpur
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jill P Mesirov
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aaron B Simon
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Bernard A Fox
- Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Robert W Franz Cancer Research Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jack D Bui
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Sharabi
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ezra E W Cohen
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Joseph A Califano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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17
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Ni Y, Low JT, Silke J, O’Reilly LA. Digesting the Role of JAK-STAT and Cytokine Signaling in Oral and Gastric Cancers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:835997. [PMID: 35844493 PMCID: PMC9277720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.835997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When small proteins such as cytokines bind to their associated receptors on the plasma membrane, they can activate multiple internal signaling cascades allowing information from one cell to affect another. Frequently the signaling cascade leads to a change in gene expression that can affect cell functions such as proliferation, differentiation and homeostasis. The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) and the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) are the pivotal mechanisms employed for such communication. When deregulated, the JAK-STAT and the TNF receptor signaling pathways can induce chronic inflammatory phenotypes by promoting more cytokine production. Furthermore, these signaling pathways can promote replication, survival and metastasis of cancer cells. This review will summarize the essentials of the JAK/STAT and TNF signaling pathways and their regulation and the molecular mechanisms that lead to the dysregulation of the JAK-STAT pathway. The consequences of dysregulation, as ascertained from founding work in haematopoietic malignancies to more recent research in solid oral-gastrointestinal cancers, will also be discussed. Finally, this review will highlight the development and future of therapeutic applications which modulate the JAK-STAT or the TNF signaling pathways in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Ni
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun T. Low
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John Silke
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lorraine A. O’Reilly
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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18
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Zigmundo GCDO, Schuch LF, Schmidt TR, Silveira FM, Martins MAT, Carrard VC, Martins MD, Wagner VP. 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) induced oral carcinogenesis: A systematic literature review. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 236:153970. [PMID: 35709549 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Based on a critical review of published studies, we aimed to develop a good practice guide for using 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) as an inducer of oral carcinogenesis in Wistar rats. DESIGN A systematic search was performed on Medline Ovid, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The SYRCLE's risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of the studies. RESULTS Thirty-five articles met the selection criteria; 22 (62.9%) of them administered 4NQO systemically in drinking water, with a mean concentration of 30.2 ppm (SD±15.9) and during a mean period of 20.8 (SD±7.8) weeks. The other 13 (37.1%) studies performed topical applications of 4NQO painting the oral mucosa of the animals three times a week (100%) with a mean period of administration of 16.8 (SD±7.0) weeks. Different 4NQO concentrations used for other periods achieved significant tumor development. Most studies didn't perform quantitative clinical analysis, and the histopathological diagnosis/grading criteria varied considerably. CONCLUSIONS A poor description of solution care, adverse effects, and the number of losses were observed, and the reporting of these features needs to be improved. Suggestions to guide the development of future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Frenzel Schuch
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Tuany Rafaeli Schmidt
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Martins Silveira
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Molecular Pathology Area, School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Vinicius Coelho Carrard
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Vivian Petersen Wagner
- Academic Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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19
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STAT1 is regulated by TRIM24 and promotes immunosuppression in head and neck squamous carcinoma cells, but enhances T cell antitumour immunity in the tumour microenvironment. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:624-636. [PMID: 35595823 PMCID: PMC9381763 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a significant problem and is frequently resistant to current treatments. STAT1 is important in anti-tumour immune responses against HNSCC. However, the role of STAT1 expression by tumour cells and its regulation during HNSCC is unclear. METHODS We determined the effects of STAT1 inhibition on tumour development and immunity in CAL27 and UMSCC22A HNSCC cell lines in vitro and in a HNSCC carcinogen-induced model in vivo. RESULTS STAT1 siRNA knockdown in human HNSCC cells impaired their proliferation and expression of the immunosuppressive marker PD-L1. Stat1-deficient mice displayed increased oral lesion incidence and multiplicity during tumour carcinogenesis in vivo. Immunosuppressive markers PD-1 in CD8+ T cells and PD-L1 in monocytic MDSCs and macrophages were reduced in oral tumours and draining lymph nodes of tumour-bearing Stat1-deficient mice. However, STAT1 was required for anti-tumour functions of T cells during HNSCC in vivo. Finally, we identified TRIM24 to be a negative regulator of STAT1 that plays a similar tumorigenic function to STAT1 in vitro and thus may be a potential target when treating HNSCC. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that STAT1 activity plays an important role in tumorigenicity and immunosuppression during HNSCC development.
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20
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Wang W, Wang M, Ahmed MMS, Zhao Y, Wu H, Musa M, Chen X. FAM3B Serves as a Biomarker for the Development and Malignancy of Oral Lichen Planus. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:763-776. [PMID: 35082524 PMCID: PMC8786364 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s346617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a potentially malignant condition with unclear etiology. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers and mechanisms for OLP progression through bioinformatics analyses. METHODS Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets were screened to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between OLP patients and healthy individuals. The functions and enriched pathways of the DEGs were identified. Sequencing dataset GSE70665 was then used to analyze the role of DEGs in the development of OLP to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Oncomine and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases were utilized to evaluate clinicopathological characters of OSCC. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to identify independent prognostic factors. RESULTS A total of 24 DEGs were identified between OLP and normal samples. FAM3B was under-expressed in OLP compared with normal samples and was further significantly downregulated in OSCC compared with OLP. Under-expression of FAM3B was significantly correlated with tumor stage and disease-specific survival (DSS), progression-free interval (PFI) and overall survival (OS) of OSCC patients. With univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, FAM3B was an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSION Under-expression of FAM3B was associated with the development and malignancy of OLP. FAM3B may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Wang
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijuan Wang
- Anesthesiology Department, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Madiha Mohammed Saleh Ahmed
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunshan Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mazen Musa
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Altered protein profile of plasma extracellular vesicles in oral squamous cell carcinoma development. J Proteomics 2022; 251:104422. [PMID: 34775099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in a wide range of pathological processes and recognized as potential and novel biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, we describe the plasma EV proteome of rats with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced OSCC or moderate dysplasia (MD), which can progress to OSCC, by tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled mass spectrometry. The proteomic profiles suggest the differential expression of various proteins in MD and OSCC, some well-recognized pathological changes (e.g., translation, ATP metabolism, and mesenchymal transition), and some novel pathological changes (e.g., podosome, focal adhesion, and S100 binding). We re-examined the presence of traditional exosomal markers and the reported novel pan-EV markers. In summary, these results suggest potential EV biomarkers and underlying pathological changes in early OSCC as well as the presence of oral-derived EVs in plasma and the need for pan-EV markers. SIGNIFICANCE: This research suggests potential EV biomarkers and underlying pathological changes in early OSCC as well as the presence of oral-derived EVs in plasma and the need for pan-EV markers.
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22
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Guo J, Liu X, Zeng Y, Liang T, Tang K, Guo J, Zheng W. Comprehensive Analysis of the Effects of Genetic Ancestry and Genetic Characteristics on the Clinical Evolution of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:678464. [PMID: 34950653 PMCID: PMC8689072 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.678464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a kind of malignant cancer, is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality. Patients with different genetic ancestries may respond differently to clinical treatment. The limited understanding of the influence of genetic ancestry and genetic characteristics on OSCC impedes the development of precision medicine. To provide a reference for clinical treatment, this study comprehensively analyzed multigenomic differences in OSCC patients with different genetic ancestries and their impact on prognosis. An analysis of data from OSCC patients with different genetic ancestries in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) showed that the overall survival (OS) of African (AFR) patients was lower than that of primarily European (EUR) patients, and differences were also observed in the tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which are associated with prognosis. FAT1 is a key mutant gene in OSCC, and it has inconsistent effects on clinical evolution for patients with diverse genetic characteristics. PIKfyve and CAPN9 showed a significant difference in mutation frequency between EUR and AFR; PIKfyve was related to Ki-67 expression, suggesting that it could promote tumor proliferation, and CAPN9 was related to the expression of Bcl-2, promoting tumor cell apoptosis. A variant methylation locus, cg20469139, was correlated with the levels of PD-L1 and Caspase-7 and modulated tumor cell apoptosis. A novel ceRNA model was constructed based on genetic ancestries, and it could accurately evaluate patient prognosis. More importantly, although T cell dysfunction scores could determine the potential of tumor immune escape, the efficacy was obviously affected by patients' genetic ancestries. To provide patients with more precise, personalized therapy and to further improve their quality of life and 5-year survival rate, the influence of genetic ancestry should be fully considered when selecting treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Guo
- Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The 970th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force, Yantai, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Stomatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Taotao Liang
- Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kanglai Tang
- Sports Medicine Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The 970th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force, Yantai, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, The 970th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force, Yantai, China
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23
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Lin LH, Chou CH, Cheng HW, Chang KW, Liu CJ. Precise Identification of Recurrent Somatic Mutations in Oral Cancer Through Whole-Exome Sequencing Using Multiple Mutation Calling Pipelines. Front Oncol 2021; 11:741626. [PMID: 34912705 PMCID: PMC8666431 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.741626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genomic alterations in oral carcinogenesis remains crucial for the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To unveil the mutational spectrum, in this study, we conducted whole-exome sequencing (WES), using six mutation calling pipelines and multiple filtering criteria applied to 50 paired OSCC samples. The tumor mutation burden extracted from the data set of somatic variations was significantly associated with age, tumor staging, and survival. Several genes (MUC16, MUC19, KMT2D, TTN, HERC2) with a high frequency of false positive mutations were identified. Moreover, known (TP53, FAT1, EPHA2, NOTCH1, CASP8, and PIK3CA) and novel (HYDIN, ALPK3, ASXL1, USP9X, SKOR2, CPLANE1, STARD9, and NSD2) genes have been found to be significantly and frequently mutated in OSCC. Further analysis of gene alteration status with clinical parameters revealed that canonical pathways, including clathrin-mediated endocytotic signaling, NFκB signaling, PEDF signaling, and calcium signaling were associated with OSCC prognosis. Defining a catalog of targetable genomic alterations showed that 58% of the tumors carried at least one aberrant event that may potentially be targeted by approved therapeutic agents. We found molecular OSCC subgroups which were correlated with etiology and prognosis while defining the landscape of major altered events in the coding regions of OSCC genomes. These findings provide information that will be helpful in the design of clinical trials on targeted therapies and in the stratification of patients with OSCC according to therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Lin
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsien Chou
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ji Liu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Taipei MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Bassler MC, Stefanakis M, Sequeira I, Ostertag E, Wagner A, Bartsch JW, Roeßler M, Mandic R, Reddmann EF, Lorenz A, Rebner K, Brecht M. Comparison of Whiskbroom and Pushbroom darkfield elastic light scattering spectroscopic imaging for head and neck cancer identification in a mouse model. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:7363-7383. [PMID: 34799750 PMCID: PMC8626402 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The early detection of head and neck cancer is a prolonged challenging task. It requires a precise and accurate identification of tissue alterations as well as a distinct discrimination of cancerous from healthy tissue areas. A novel approach for this purpose uses microspectroscopic techniques with special focus on hyperspectral imaging (HSI) methods. Our proof-of-principle study presents the implementation and application of darkfield elastic light scattering spectroscopy (DF ELSS) as a non-destructive, high-resolution, and fast imaging modality to distinguish lingual healthy from altered tissue regions in a mouse model. The main aspect of our study deals with the comparison of two varying HSI detection principles, which are a point-by-point and line scanning imaging, and whether one might be more appropriate in differentiating several tissue types. Statistical models are formed by deploying a principal component analysis (PCA) with the Bayesian discriminant analysis (DA) on the elastic light scattering (ELS) spectra. Overall accuracy, sensitivity, and precision values of 98% are achieved for both models whereas the overall specificity results in 99%. An additional classification of model-unknown ELS spectra is performed. The predictions are verified with histopathological evaluations of identical HE-stained tissue areas to prove the model's capability of tissue distinction. In the context of our proof-of-principle study, we assess the Pushbroom PCA-DA model to be more suitable for tissue type differentiations and thus tissue classification. In addition to the HE-examination in head and neck cancer diagnosis, the usage of HSI-based statistical models might be conceivable in a daily clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam C Bassler
- Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen University, Alteburgstr. 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mona Stefanakis
- Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen University, Alteburgstr. 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Inês Sequeira
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Edwin Ostertag
- Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen University, Alteburgstr. 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Wagner
- Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen University, Alteburgstr. 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jörg W Bartsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35033, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marion Roeßler
- Department of Pathology, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35033, Marburg, Germany
| | - Robert Mandic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35033, Marburg, Germany
| | - Eike F Reddmann
- Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen University, Alteburgstr. 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Anita Lorenz
- Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen University, Alteburgstr. 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Karsten Rebner
- Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen University, Alteburgstr. 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Marc Brecht
- Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), Reutlingen University, Alteburgstr. 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany.
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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25
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Hill W, Caswell DR, Swanton C. Capturing cancer evolution using genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:1007-1018. [PMID: 34400045 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Initiating from a single cell, cancer undergoes clonal evolution, leading to a high degree of intratumor heterogeneity (ITH). The arising genetic heterogeneity between cancer cells is influenced by exogenous and endogenous forces that shape the composition of clones within tumors. Preclinical mouse models have provided a valuable tool for understanding cancer, helping to build a fundamental understanding of tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Until recently, genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMS) of cancer had lacked the genetic diversity found in human tumors, in which evolution may be driven by long-term carcinogen exposure and DNA damage. However, advances in sequencing technology and in our understanding of the drivers of genetic instability have given us the knowledge to generate new mouse models, offering an approach to functionally explore mechanisms of tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Hill
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Deborah R Caswell
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK; University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK.
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26
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Johansson E, Ueno H. Characterization of normal and cancer stem-like cell populations in murine lingual epithelial organoids using single-cell RNA sequencing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22329. [PMID: 34785704 PMCID: PMC8595654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The advances in oral cancer research and therapies have not improved the prognosis of patients with tongue cancer. The poor treatment response of tongue cancer may be attributed to the presence of heterogeneous tumor cells exhibiting stem cell characteristics. Therefore, there is a need to develop effective molecular-targeted therapies based on the specific gene expression profiles of these cancer stem-like cell populations. In this study, the characteristics of normal and cancerous organoids, which are convenient tools for screening anti-cancer drugs, were analyzed comparatively. As organoids are generally generated by single progenitors, they enable the exclusion of normal cell contamination from the analyses. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that p53 signaling activation and negative regulation of cell cycle were enriched characteristics in normal stem-like cells whereas hypoxia-related pathways, such as HIF-1 signaling and glycolysis, were upregulated in cancer stem-like cells. The findings of this study improved our understanding of the common features of heterogeneous cell populations with stem cell properties in tongue cancers, that are different from those of normal stem cell populations; this will enable the development of novel molecular-targeted therapies for tongue cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Johansson
- Department of Stem Cell Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroo Ueno
- Department of Stem Cell Pathology, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan. .,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
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27
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Baquero J, Tang XH, Scognamiglio T, Gudas LJ. EZH2 Knockout in Oral Cavity Basal Epithelia Causes More Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:1485-1495. [PMID: 34614148 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (oral SCC) is an aggressive disease and despite intensive treatments, 5-year survival rates for patients have remained low in the last 20 years. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), part of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), is highly expressed in human oral SCC samples and cell lines and has been associated with greater epithelia-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis. Here we developed a tamoxifen-regulated, transgenic mouse line (KcEZH2) in which EZH2 is selectively knocked out (KO) in some tongue epithelial basal stem cells (SCs) in adult mice. EZH2 KO SCs do not show the H3K27me3 mark, as assessed by double-label immunofluorescence. We used this mouse line to assess EZH2 actions during oral tumorigenesis with our immunocompetent 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) model of oral SCC. We report that higher percentages of mice with invasive SCCs and high-grade neoplastic lesions are observed in mice containing EZH2 KO SCs (KcEZH2-2TΔ and KcEZH2-5TΔ mice). Moreover, EZH2 expression does not correlate with the expression of markers of invasive SCCs. Finally, EZH2 KO cells that are E-cadherin+ are present at invasion fronts infiltrating underlying muscle tissue. Our findings indicate that the knockout of EZH2 in basal SCs of tongue epithelia results in more aggressive carcinomas, and this should be considered when targeting EZH2 as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Baquero
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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28
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Saddawi-Konefka R, Simon AB, Sumner W, Sharabi A, Mell LK, Cohen EEW. Defining the Role of Immunotherapy in the Curative Treatment of Locoregionally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: Promises, Challenges, and Opportunities. Front Oncol 2021; 11:738626. [PMID: 34621678 PMCID: PMC8490924 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.738626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in the development of immunotherapies have raised the hope for patients with locally-advanced HNSCC (LA-HNSCC) to achieve improved oncologic outcomes without the heavy burden of treatment-related morbidity. While there are several ongoing late phase clinical trials that seek to determine whether immunotherapy can be effectively employed in the definitive setting, initial results from concurrent immuno-radiotherapy therapy trials have not shown strong evidence of benefit. Encouragingly, evidence from preclinical studies and early-phase neoadjuvant studies have begun to show potential pathways forward, with therapeutic combinations and sequences that intentionally spare tumor draining lymphatics in order to maximize the synergy between definitive local therapy and immunotherapy. The intent of this review is to summarize the scientific rationale and current clinical evidence for employing immunotherapy for LA-HNSCC as well as the ongoing efforts and challenges to determine how to optimally deliver and sequence immunotherapy alongside traditional therapeutics. In both the preclinical and clinical settings, we will discuss the application of immunotherapies to both surgical and radiotherapeutic management of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Saddawi-Konefka
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Aaron B. Simon
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Whitney Sumner
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Sharabi
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Loren K. Mell
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ezra E. W. Cohen
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
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29
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Chao JL, Korzinkin M, Zhavoronkov A, Ozerov IV, Walker MT, Higgins K, Lingen MW, Izumchenko E, Savage PA. Effector T cell responses unleashed by regulatory T cell ablation exacerbate oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100399. [PMID: 34622236 PMCID: PMC8484691 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Immune suppression by CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and tumor infiltration by CD8+ effector T cells represent two major factors impacting response to cancer immunotherapy. Using deconvolution-based transcriptional profiling of human papilloma virus (HPV)-negative oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) and other solid cancers, we demonstrate that the density of Treg cells does not correlate with that of CD8+ T cells in many tumors, revealing polarized clusters enriched for either CD8+ T cells or CD4+ Treg and conventional T cells. In a mouse model of carcinogen-induced OSCC characterized by CD4+ T cell enrichment, late-stage Treg cell ablation triggers increased densities of both CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells within oral lesions. Notably, this intervention does not induce tumor regression but instead induces rapid emergence of invasive OSCCs via an effector T cell-dependent process. Thus, induction of a T cell-inflamed phenotype via therapeutic manipulation of Treg cells may trigger unexpected tumor-promoting effects in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime L. Chao
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | | | - Ivan V. Ozerov
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong, Ltd., Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong
| | - Matthew T. Walker
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kathleen Higgins
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mark W. Lingen
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Peter A. Savage
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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30
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Birjandi AA, Neves VC, Sharpe P. Advances in regenerative dentistry; building with biology. Regen Med 2021; 16:343-345. [PMID: 33759554 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2021-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anahid A Birjandi
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Vitor Cm Neves
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, SE1 9RT, UK.,Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Paul Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, SE1 9RT, UK
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Wang J, Hu Y, Escamilla-Rivera V, Gonzalez CL, Tang L, Wang B, El-Naggar AK, Myers JN, Caulin C. Epithelial Mutant p53 Promotes Resistance to Anti-PD-1-Mediated Oral Cancer Immunoprevention in Carcinogen-Induced Mouse Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1471. [PMID: 33806894 PMCID: PMC8005156 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develops through the multistep malignant progression of squamous epithelium. This process can be prevented by PD-1 blockade in a mouse model for oral carcinogenesis. OSCCs exhibit a high incidence of p53 mutations that confer oncogenic gain-of-function (GOF) activities that promote resistance to standard therapies and poor clinical outcomes. To determine whether epithelial p53 mutations modulate anti-PD-1-mediated oral cancer immunoprevention, we generated mouse models for oral carcinogenesis by exposing mice carrying epithelial-specific p53 mutations to the carcinogen 4NQO. Consistent with the oncogenic functions of mutant p53, mice with OSCCs expressing the p53R172H GOF mutation developed higher metastasis rates than mice with loss-of-function (LOF) p53 deletion or with wild-type p53. Throughout oral cancer progression, pre-invasive and invasive lesions showed a gradual increase in T-cell infiltration, recruitment of immunosuppressive regulatory T-cells (Tregs), and induction of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint proteins. Notably, while PD-1 blockade prevented the development of OSCCs in mice with wild-type p53 or p53 deletion, GOF p53R172H abrogated the immunopreventive effects of anti-PD-1, associated with upregulation of IL17 signaling and depletion of exhausted CD8 cells in the microenvironment of the p53R172H tumors. These findings sustain a potential role for p53 profiling in personalized oral cancer immunoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.W.); (Y.H.); (C.L.G.); (L.T.); (B.W.); (J.N.M.)
- Department of E.N.T., Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.W.); (Y.H.); (C.L.G.); (L.T.); (B.W.); (J.N.M.)
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
| | | | - Cassandra L. Gonzalez
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.W.); (Y.H.); (C.L.G.); (L.T.); (B.W.); (J.N.M.)
| | - Lin Tang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.W.); (Y.H.); (C.L.G.); (L.T.); (B.W.); (J.N.M.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Bingbing Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.W.); (Y.H.); (C.L.G.); (L.T.); (B.W.); (J.N.M.)
| | - Adel K. El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Jeffrey N. Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.W.); (Y.H.); (C.L.G.); (L.T.); (B.W.); (J.N.M.)
| | - Carlos Caulin
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.W.); (Y.H.); (C.L.G.); (L.T.); (B.W.); (J.N.M.)
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA;
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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32
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Sagheer SH, Whitaker-Menezes D, Han JYS, Curry JM, Martinez-Outschoorn U, Philp NJ. 4NQO induced carcinogenesis: A mouse model for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods Cell Biol 2021; 163:93-111. [PMID: 33785171 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common subsite of head and neck cancer, with a 5-year survival rate of only 50%. There is a pressing need for animal models that recapitulate the human disease to understand the factors driving OSCC carcinogenesis. Many laboratories have used the chemical carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) to investigate OSCC formation. The importance of the 4NQO mouse model is that it mimics the stepwise progression observed in OSCC patients. The 4NQO carcinogen model has the advantage that it can be used with transgenic mice with genetic modification in specific tissue types to investigate their role in driving cancer progression. Herein, we describe the basic approach for administering 4NQO to mice to induce OSCC and methods for assessing the tissue and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hamad Sagheer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Diana Whitaker-Menezes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John Y S Han
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joseph M Curry
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | | | - Nancy J Philp
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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