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Li J, Ott S. The Molecular Nature of Redox-Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:2836-2846. [PMID: 39288193 PMCID: PMC11447836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusRedox-conductive metal-organic frameworks (RC-MOFs) are a class of porous materials that exhibit electrical conductivity through a chain of self-exchange reactions between molecularly defined, neighboring redox-active units of differing oxidation states. To maintain electroneutrality, this electron hopping transport is coupled to the translocation of charge balancing counterions. Owing to the molecular nature of the redox active components, RC-MOFs have received increasing attention for potential applications in energy storage, electrocatalysis, reconfigurable electronics, etc. While our understanding of fundamental aspects that govern electron hopping transport in RC-MOFs has improved during the past decade, certain fundamental aspects such as questions that arise from the coupling between electron hopping and diffusion migration of charge balancing counterions are still not fully understood.In this Account, we summarize and discuss our group's efforts to answer some of these fundamental questions while also demonstrating the applicability of RC-MOFs in energy-related applications. First, we introduce general design strategies for RC-MOFs, fundamentals that govern their charge transport properties, and experimental diagnostics that allow for their identification. Selected examples with redox-active organic linkers or metallo-linkers are discussed to demonstrate how the molecular characteristics of the redox-active units inside RC-MOFs are retained. Second, we summarize experimental techniques that can be used to characterize charge transport properties in a RC-MOF. The apparent electron diffusion coefficient, Deapp, that is frequently determined in the field and obtained in large perturbation, transient experiments will be discussed and related to redox conductivity, σ, that is obtained in a steady state setup. It will be shown that both MOF-intrinsic (topology, pore size, and apertures) and experimental (nature of electrolyte, solvent) factors can have noticeable impact on electrical conductivity through RC-MOFs. Lastly, we summarize our progress in utilizing RC-MOFs as electrochromic materials, materials for harvesting minority carriers from illuminated semiconductors and within electrocatalysis. In the latter case, recent work on multivariate RC-MOFs in which redox active linkers are used to "wire" redox catalysts in the crystal interiors will be presented, offering opportunities to independently optimize charge transport and catalytic function.The ambition of this Account is to inspire the design of new RC-MOF systems, to aid their identification, to provide mechanistic insights into the governing ion-coupled electron hopping transport mode of conductivity, and ultimately to promote their applications in existing and emerging areas. With basically unlimited possibilities of molecular engineering tools, together with research in both fundamental and applied fields, we believe that RC-MOFs will attract even more attention in the future to unlock their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingguo Li
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials
Science for Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Wallenberg Initiative Materials
Science for Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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Shao R, Deng L, Hu S, Yang M, Min A. Detection of alkaline phosphatase activity with a CsPbBr 3/Y6 heterojunction-based photoelectrochemical sensor. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:316. [PMID: 38724679 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
An ultra-sensitive photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor based on perovskite composite was developed for the determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in human serum. In contrast to CsPbBr3 or Y6 that generated anodic current, the heterojunction of CsPbBr3/Y6 promoted photocarriers to separate and generated cathodic photocurrent. Ascorbic acid (AA) was produced by ALP hydrolyzing L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium salt (AAP), which can combine with the holes on the photoelectrode surface, accelerating the transmission of photogenerated carriers, leading to enhanced photocurrent intensity. Thus, the enhancement of PEC current was linked to ALP activity. The PEC sensor exhibits good sensitivity for detection of ALP owing to the unique photoelectric properties of the CsPbBr3/Y6 heterojunction. The detection limit of the sensor was 0.012 U·L-1 with a linear dynamic range of 0.02-2000 U·L-1. Therefore, this PEC sensing platform shows great potential for the development of different PEC sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Shao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Lei Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Shujun Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacail Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Minghui Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Anjie Min
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
- Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacail Tumor, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
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Shimoni R, Shi Z, Binyamin S, Yang Y, Liberman I, Ifraemov R, Mukhopadhyay S, Zhang L, Hod I. Electrostatic Secondary-Sphere Interactions That Facilitate Rapid and Selective Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction in a Fe-Porphyrin-Based Metal-Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206085. [PMID: 35674328 PMCID: PMC9401588 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising platforms for heterogeneous tethering of molecular CO2 reduction electrocatalysts. Yet, to further understand electrocatalytic MOF systems, one also needs to consider their capability to fine-tune the immediate chemical environment of the active site, and thus affect its overall catalytic operation. Here, we show that electrostatic secondary-sphere functionalities enable substantial improvement of CO2 -to-CO conversion activity and selectivity. In situ Raman analysis reveal that immobilization of pendent positively-charged groups adjacent to MOF-residing Fe-porphyrin catalysts, stabilize weakly-bound CO intermediates, allowing their rapid release as catalytic products. Also, by varying the electrolyte's ionic strength, systematic regulation of electrostatic field magnitude was achieved, resulting in essentially 100 % CO selectivity. Thus, this concept provides a sensitive molecular-handle that adjust heterogeneous electrocatalysis on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Shimoni
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and TechnologyBen-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva8410501Israel
| | - Zhuocheng Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and PreventionDepartment of Environmental Science & EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Shahar Binyamin
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and TechnologyBen-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva8410501Israel
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and PreventionDepartment of Environmental Science & EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Itamar Liberman
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and TechnologyBen-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva8410501Israel
| | - Raya Ifraemov
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and TechnologyBen-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva8410501Israel
| | - Subhabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and TechnologyBen-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva8410501Israel
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and PreventionDepartment of Environmental Science & EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological SecurityDepartment of Environmental Science & EngineeringShanghai200092China
| | - Idan Hod
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and TechnologyBen-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva8410501Israel
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Thangamuthu M, Ruan Q, Ohemeng PO, Luo B, Jing D, Godin R, Tang J. Polymer Photoelectrodes for Solar Fuel Production: Progress and Challenges. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11778-11829. [PMID: 35699661 PMCID: PMC9284560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Converting solar energy to fuels has attracted substantial interest over the past decades because it has the potential to sustainably meet the increasing global energy demand. However, achieving this potential requires significant technological advances. Polymer photoelectrodes are composed of earth-abundant elements, e.g. carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, which promise to be more economically sustainable than their inorganic counterparts. Furthermore, the electronic structure of polymer photoelectrodes can be more easily tuned to fit the solar spectrum than inorganic counterparts, promising a feasible practical application. As a fast-moving area, in particular, over the past ten years, we have witnessed an explosion of reports on polymer materials, including photoelectrodes, cocatalysts, device architectures, and fundamental understanding experimentally and theoretically, all of which have been detailed in this review. Furthermore, the prospects of this field are discussed to highlight the future development of polymer photoelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madasamy Thangamuthu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Qiushi Ruan
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast
University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Peter Osei Ohemeng
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of British
Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Bing Luo
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- International
Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of
Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Dengwei Jing
- International
Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of
Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Robert Godin
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of British
Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Junwang Tang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
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Shimoni R, Shi Z, Binyamin S, Yang Y, Liberman I, Ifraemov R, Mukhopadhyay S, Zhang L, Hod I. Electrostatic Secondary‐Sphere Interactions That Facilitate Rapid and Selective Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction in a Fe‐Porphyrin‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Shimoni
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Chemistry ISRAEL
| | - Zhuocheng Shi
- Fudan University Environmental Science and Engineering CHINA
| | | | - Yang Yang
- Fudan University Environmental Science and Engineering CHINA
| | | | | | | | - Liwu Zhang
- Fudan University Environmental Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Idan Hod
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Chemistry Ben-Gurion Ave 1 Beer-Sheva ISRAEL
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6
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Rao G, Liu X, Liu P. Fabrication of MoS2@TiO2 hollow‐sphere heterostructures with enhanced visible light photocatalytic reduction of U(VI). J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-08091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Laurans M, Wells JAL, Ott S. Immobilising molecular Ru complexes on a protective ultrathin oxide layer of p-Si electrodes towards photoelectrochemical CO 2 reduction. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:10482-10492. [PMID: 34259300 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01331a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction is a promising approach for renewable fuel generation and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Owing to their synthetic tunability, molecular catalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction can give rise to high product selectivity. In this context, a RuII complex [Ru(HO-tpy)(6-mbpy)(NCCH3)]2+ (HO-tpy = 4'-hydroxy-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine; 6-mbpy = 6-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine) was immobilised on a thin SiOx layer of a p-Si electrode that was decorated with a bromide-terminated molecular layer. Following the characterisation of the assembled photocathodes by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ellipsometry, PEC experiments demonstrate electron transfer from the p-Si to the Ru complex through the native oxide layer under illumination and a cathodic bias. A state-of-the-art photovoltage of 570 mV was determined by comparison with an analogous n-type Si assembly. While the photovoltage of the modified photocathode is promising for future photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction and the p-Si/SiOx junction seems to be unchanged during the PEC experiments, a fast desorption of the molecular Ru complex was observed. An in-depth investigation of the cathode degradation by comparison with reference materials highlights the role of the hydroxyl functionality of the Ru complex to ensure its grafting on the substrate. In contrast, no essential role for the bromide function on the Si substrate designed to engage with the hydroxyl group of the Ru complex in an SN2-type reaction could be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Laurans
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jordann A L Wells
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Gao K, Huang C, Qiao Y, Wang S, Wu J, Hou H. Coordination-Induced N-H Bond Splitting of Ammonia and Primary Amine of Cu I -MOFs. Chemistry 2021; 27:9499-9502. [PMID: 33998739 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report a porous three-dimensional anionic tetrazolium based CuI -MOF 1, which is capable of cleaving the N-H bond of ammonia and primary amine, as well as the O-H bond of H2 O along with spontaneous H2 evolution. In the gas-solid phase reaction of 1 with ammonia and water vapor, CuI -MOF 1 was gradually oxidized to NH2 -CuII -MOF and OH-CuII -MOF, through single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) structural transformations, which was confirmed by XPS, PXRD and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. Density functional theory (DFT) demonstrated that CuI -MOF could lower N-H bond dissociation free energy of ammonia through coordination-induced bond weakening and promote H2 evolution by the reduction potential of 1. To our knowledge, this is the first example of MOFs that activate ammonia and amine in gas-solid manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Gao
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 45001, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chao Huang
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Henan Key Laboratory of Functional Salt Materials, Zhongyuan University of Technology, 45001, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Pathophysiology Department, Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, 45001, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 45001, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 45001, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 45001, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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