1
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Ami D, Franco AR, Artusa V, Romerio A, Shaik MM, Italia A, Anguita J, Pasco S, Mereghetti P, Peri F, Natalello A. Vibrational spectroscopy coupled with machine learning sheds light on the cellular effects induced by rationally designed TLR4 agonists. Talanta 2024; 275:126104. [PMID: 38677166 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we present the potential of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy to compare on whole cells, in an unbiased and untargeted way, the capacity of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and two rationally designed molecules (FP20 and FP20Rha) to activate molecular circuits of innate immunity. These compounds are important drug hits in the development of vaccine adjuvants and tumor immunotherapeutics. The biological assays indicated that FP20Rha was more potent than FP20 in inducing cytokine production in cells and in stimulating IgG antibody production post-vaccination in mice. Accordingly, the overall significant IR spectral changes induced by the treatment with LPS and FP20Rha were similar, lipids and glycans signals being the most diagnostic, while the effect of the less potent molecule FP20 on cells resulted to be closer to control untreated cells. We propose here the use of FTIR spectroscopy supported by artificial intelligence (AI) to achieve a more holistic understanding of the cell response to new drug candidates while screening them in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Ami
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Ana Rita Franco
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Artusa
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessio Romerio
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Mohammed Monsoor Shaik
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Italia
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Juan Anguita
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Samuel Pasco
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Francesco Peri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy.
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126, Milano, Italy.
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2
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Camiruaga A, Gouasmat A, Beau JM, Bourdreux Y, Causse M, Chapelle N, Doisneau G, Goldsztejn G, Urban D, Çarçabal P. Mixing water, sugar, and lipid: Conformations of isolated and micro-hydrated glycolipids in the gas phase. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:214313. [PMID: 38842492 DOI: 10.1063/5.0211435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Both sugars and lipids are important biomolecular building blocks with exceptional conformational flexibility and adaptability to their environment. Glycolipids bring together these two molecular components in the same assembly and combine the complexity of their conformational landscapes. In the present study, we have used selective double resonance vibrational spectroscopy, in combination with a computational approach, to explore the conformational preferences of two glycolipid models (3-0-acyl catechol and guaiacol α-D-glucopyranosides), either fully isolated in the gas phase or controlled interaction with a single water molecule. We could identify the preferred conformation and structures of the isolated and micro-hydrated species and evidence of the presence of a strong water pocket, which may influence the conformational flexibility of such systems, even in less controlled environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ander Camiruaga
- Institute des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Alexandra Gouasmat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UMR 8182, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Marie Beau
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UMR 8182, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Yann Bourdreux
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UMR 8182, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Maélie Causse
- Institute des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Nathan Chapelle
- Institute des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Gilles Doisneau
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UMR 8182, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Gildas Goldsztejn
- Institute des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Dominique Urban
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UMR 8182, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Pierre Çarçabal
- Institute des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
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3
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Nguyen T, Ober DC, Balaji A, Maiwald FW, Hodyss RP, Madzunkov SM, Okumura M, Nemchick DJ. Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of Water-Tagged Ions with a Widely Tunable Quantum Cascade Laser for Planetary Science Applications. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8875-8879. [PMID: 38776223 PMCID: PMC11155675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
This work presents a benchtop method for collecting the room temperature gas phase infrared (IR) action spectra of protonated amino acids and their isomers. The adopted setup uses a minimally modified commercial electrospray ionization linear ion trap mass spectrometer (ESI-LIT-MS) coupled to a broadband continuous wave (cw) quantum cascade laser (QCL) source. This approach leverages messenger assisted action spectroscopic techniques using water-tagged molecular ions with complex formation, irradiation, and subsequent analysis, all taking place within a single linear ion trap stage. This configuration thus circumvents the use of multiple mass selection and analysis stages, cryogenic buffer cells, and complex high-power laser systems typically called upon to execute these techniques. The benchtop action spectrometer is used to collect the 935-1600 cm-1 (6.2-10.7 μm) IR action spectrum of a collection of amino acids and a dipeptide with results cross referenced against literature examples obtained with a free electron laser source. Recorded IR spectra are used for the analysis of binary mixture samples composed of constitutional isomers α-alanine and β-alanine with ratios determined to ∼4% measurement uncertainty without the aid of a front-end separation stage. This turn-key QCL-based approach is a major step in showing the viability of tag-based action spectroscopic techniques for use in future in situ planetary science sensors and general analytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler
M. Nguyen
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Douglas C. Ober
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Aadarsh Balaji
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Frank W. Maiwald
- NASA
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, United States
| | - Robert P. Hodyss
- NASA
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, United States
| | - Stojan M. Madzunkov
- NASA
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, United States
| | - Mitchio Okumura
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Deacon J. Nemchick
- NASA
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, United States
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4
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Yao G, Ke W, Xia B, Gao Z. Nanopore-based glycan sequencing: state of the art and future prospects. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6229-6243. [PMID: 38699252 PMCID: PMC11062086 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Sequencing of biomacromolecules is a crucial cornerstone in life sciences. Glycans, one of the fundamental biomolecules, derive their physiological and pathological functions from their structures. Glycan sequencing faces challenges due to its structural complexity and current detection technology limitations. As a highly sensitive sensor, nanopores can directly convert nucleic acid sequence information into electrical signals, spearheading the revolution of third-generation nucleic acid sequencing technologies. However, their potential for deciphering complex glycans remains untapped. Initial attempts demonstrated the significant sensitivity of nanopores in glycan sensing, which provided the theoretical basis and insights for the realization of nanopore-based glycan sequencing. Here, we present three potential technical routes to employ nanopore technology in glycan sequencing for the first time. The three novel technical routes include: strand sequencing, capturing glycan chains as they translocate through nanopores; sequential hydrolysis sequencing, capturing released monosaccharides one by one; splicing sequencing, mapping signals from hydrolyzed glycan fragments to an oligosaccharide database/library. Designing suitable nanopores, enzymes, and motors, and extracting characteristic signals pose major challenges, potentially aided by artificial intelligence. It would be highly desirable to design an all-in-one high-throughput glycan sequencer instrument by integrating a sample processing unit, nanopore array, and signal acquisition system into a microfluidic device. The nanopore sequencer invention calls for intensive multidisciplinary cooperation including electrochemistry, glycochemistry, engineering, materials, enzymology, etc. Advancing glycan sequencing will promote the development of basic research and facilitate the discovery of glycan-based drugs and disease markers, fostering progress in glycoscience and even life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangda Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 201203 Shanghai China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University 201210 Shanghai China
- Lingang Laboratory 200031 Shanghai China
| | - Wenjun Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 201203 Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Bingqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 201203 Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Zhaobing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 201203 Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 528400 Zhongshan China
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5
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Yang T, Li X, Lan L, Gong D, Zhang F, Liu X, Ling G, Sun G. Quality evaluation of Keteling capsules based on fingerprinting, multicomponent quantification, and quantitative prediction. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123274. [PMID: 37603975 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The Keteling capsule (KC) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) made from the dried extract of Ficus microphylla and an appropriate amount of chlorpheniramine maleate. It is widely used to treat cough and relieve asthma. Despite its extensive usage, a rapid and comprehensive quality evaluation strategy for KC remains a challenge. This study introduces an electrochemical fingerprint analysis technique, in addition to the commonly employed HPLC fingerprints, for efficient and convenient quality evaluation. Moreover, a cost-effective, rapid, and accurate multi-component quantification technique known as the "Multi-markers assay by the monolinear method (MAML)" and the "FT-IR quantitative model" were explored. The HPLC fingerprints were evaluated using a systematically quantified fingerprint method, while the electrochemical fingerprints, based on the Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillation reaction principle, were effectively analyzed and characterized using oxidation induction times and oscillation lifetimes. Multi-component quantitative analysis was carried out through the MAML and FT-IR quantitative models. The HPLC fingerprint successfully classified the 22 samples into eight grades with excellent discrimination. Active ingredient content analysis was achieved using reliable parameters obtained from electrochemical fingerprinting. The no significant difference in the quantitative results proves the accuracy of the MAML method. Additionally, successful FT-IR quantitative prediction models were developed for chlorogenic acid, isovitexin, and chlorpheniramine maleate. This study offers a dependable and effective approach for enhancing the quality control of KC, and it can provide new insights for improving the quality analysis methods in the field of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Lili Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dandan Gong
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xinrong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guixia Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Guoxiang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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6
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Dhara D, Mulard LA, Hollenstein M. Expedient synthesis of l-heptose derived septacidin building blocks from l-glucose. Carbohydr Res 2023; 534:108985. [PMID: 38016254 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial natural products containing heptosides such as septacidin represent interesting scaffolds for the development of drugs to combat antimicrobial resistance. However, very few synthetic strategies have been reported to grant access to these derivatives. Here, we have devised a synthetic pathway to l-glycero-l-glucoheptoside, a key building block en route to septacidin, directly from l-glucose. Importantly, we show that carbon homologation at C6, encompassing oxidation of the C6-OH followed by methylenation, is significantly influenced by the nature of the C4-moiety. In order to observe the effect of various patterns, namely azide (N3), p-methoxybenzyloxy (OPMB), and benzyloxy (OBn), a thorough analysis was conducted on the corresponding l-glucosides. The results unveiled a distinct trend where the efficiency of methylenation followed the trend OBn > OPMB > N3. Finally, the C6-alkene was dihydroxylated in the presence of osmium tetroxide to yield the expected l/d-glycero-l-glucoheptosides. The lead building block, which features a C-4 azide, was delivered as a phenyl thioglycoside. Added to the suitable masking of the 6,7-diol, this combination enables further functionalization to achieve versatile compounds of biological interest. The study insights into the interplay between substitution at C-4 and carbon homologation at C-6 provide valuable guidance for future endeavors in the synthesis of these carbohydrate molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Dhara
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Chemistry of Biomolecules, 28 Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris, Cedex 15, France; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, 28, Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris, Cedex 15, France
| | - Laurence A Mulard
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Chemistry of Biomolecules, 28 Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris, Cedex 15, France.
| | - Marcel Hollenstein
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, 28, Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris, Cedex 15, France.
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7
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Zhao J, Qiao L, Xia Y. In-Depth Characterization of Sphingoid Bases via Radical-Directed Dissociation Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2394-2402. [PMID: 37735971 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Sphingoid base (SPH) is a basic structural unit of all classes of sphingolipids. A sphingoid base typically consists of an aliphatic chain that may be desaturated between C4 and C5, an amine group at C2, and a variable number of OH groups located at C1, C3, and C4. Variations in the chain length and the occurrence of chemical modifications, such as methyl branching, desaturation, and hydroxylation, lead to a large structural diversity and distinct functional properties of sphingoid bases. However, conventional tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) via collision-induced dissociation (CID) faces challenges in characterizing these modifications. Herein, we developed an MS/MS method based on CID-triggered radical-directed dissociation (RDD) for in-depth characterization of sphingoid bases. The method involves derivatizing the sphingoid amine with 3-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxymethyl)-picolinic acid 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl ester (TPN), followed by MS2 CID to unleash the pyridine methyl radical moiety for subsequent RDD. This MS/MS method was integrated on a reversed-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry workflow and further applied for in-depth profiling of total sphingoid bases in bovine heart and Caenorhabditis elegans. Notably, we identified and relatively quantified a series of unusual sphingoid bases, including SPH id17:2 (4,13) and SPH it19:0 in C. elegans, revealing that the metabolic pathways of sphingolipids are more diverse than previously known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lipeng Qiao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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8
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Safferthal M, Greis K, Chang R, Kirschbaum C, Hoffmann W, Meijer G, von Helden G, Pagel K. Cryogenic infrared spectroscopy reveals remarkably short NH +⋯F hydrogen bonds in fluorinated phenylalanines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24783-24788. [PMID: 37671576 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03776b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
In past decades, hydrogen bonds involving organic fluorine have been a highly disputed topic. Obtaining clear evidence for the presence of fluorine-specific interactions is generally difficult because of their weak nature. Today, the existence of hydrogen bonds with organic fluorine is widely accepted and supported by numerous studies. However, strong bonds with short H⋯F distances remain scarce and are primarily found in designed model compounds. Using a combination of cryogenic gas-phase infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory, we here analyze a series of conformationally unrestrained fluorinated phenylalanine compounds as protonated species. The results suggest proximal NH+⋯F hydrogen bonds with an exceptionally close H⋯F distance (1.79 Å) in protonated ortho-fluorophenylalanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Safferthal
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstraße 23a, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Greis
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstraße 23a, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rayoon Chang
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstraße 23a, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carla Kirschbaum
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstraße 23a, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Waldemar Hoffmann
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstraße 23a, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerard Meijer
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gert von Helden
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstraße 23a, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Naylor CN, Nagy G. Permethylation and Metal Adduction: A Toolbox for the Improved Characterization of Glycolipids with Cyclic Ion Mobility Separations Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13725-13732. [PMID: 37650842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are an important class of molecules involved in various biological functions but remain difficult to characterize through mass-spectrometry-based methods because of their many possible isomers. Glycolipids, specifically, play important roles in cell signaling but display an even greater level of isomeric heterogeneity as compared to other lipid classes stemming from the introduction of a carbohydrate and its corresponding linkage position and α/β anomericity at the headgroup. While liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) remains the gold standard technique in lipidomics, it is still unable to characterize all isomeric species, thus presenting the need for new, orthogonal, methodologies. Ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) can provide an additional dimension of information that supplements LC-MS/MS workflows, but has seen little use for glycolipid analyses. Herein, we present an analytical toolbox that enables the characterization of various glycolipid isomer sets using high-resolution cyclic ion mobility separations coupled with mass spectrometry (cIMS-MS). Specifically, we utilized a combination of both permethylation and metal adduction to fully resolve isomeric sphingolipids and ceramides with our cIMS-MS platform. We also introduce a new metric that can enable comparing peak-to-peak resolution across varying cIMS-MS pathlengths. Overall, we envision that our presented methodologies are highly amenable to existing LC-MS/MS-based workflows and can also have broad utility toward other omics-based analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron N Naylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Gabe Nagy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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10
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Lettow M, Greis K, Mucha E, Lambeth TR, Yaman M, Kontodimas V, Manz C, Hoffmann W, Meijer G, Julian RR, von Helden G, Marianski M, Pagel K. Decoding the Fucose Migration Product during Mass-Spectrometric analysis of Blood Group Epitopes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202302883. [PMID: 36939315 PMCID: PMC10299593 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202302883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Fucose is a signaling carbohydrate that is attached at the end of glycan processing. It is involved in a range of processes, such as the selectin-dependent leukocyte adhesion or pathogen-receptor interactions. Mass-spectrometric techniques, which are commonly used to determine the structure of glycans, frequently show fucose-containing chimeric fragments that obfuscate the analysis. The rearrangement leading to these fragments-often referred to as fucose migration-has been known for more than 25 years, but the chemical identity of the rearrangement product remains unclear. In this work, we combine ion-mobility spectrometry, radical-directed dissociation mass spectrometry, cryogenic IR spectroscopy of ions, and density-functional theory calculations to deduce the product of the rearrangement in the model trisaccharides Lewis x and blood group H2. The structural search yields the fucose moiety attached to the galactose with an α(1→6) glycosidic bond as the most likely product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Lettow
- Fritz-Haber-Intitut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Greis
- Fritz-Haber-Intitut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike Mucha
- Fritz-Haber-Intitut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Germany
| | - Tyler R Lambeth
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Murat Yaman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, The City University of New York, USA
- The PhD Program in Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, USA
| | - Vasilis Kontodimas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, The City University of New York, USA
| | - Christian Manz
- Fritz-Haber-Intitut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Waldemar Hoffmann
- Fritz-Haber-Intitut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerard Meijer
- Fritz-Haber-Intitut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Germany
| | - Ryan R Julian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | | | - Mateusz Marianski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, The City University of New York, USA
- The PhD Program in Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, USA
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Fritz-Haber-Intitut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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11
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Houthuijs KJ, Berden G, Engelke UFH, Gautam V, Wishart DS, Wevers RA, Martens J, Oomens J. An In Silico Infrared Spectral Library of Molecular Ions for Metabolite Identification. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37262385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Infrared ion spectroscopy (IRIS) continues to see increasing use as an analytical tool for small-molecule identification in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS). The IR spectrum of an m/z selected population of ions constitutes a unique fingerprint that is specific to the molecular structure. However, direct translation of an IR spectrum to a molecular structure remains challenging, as reference libraries of IR spectra of molecular ions largely do not exist. Quantum-chemically computed spectra can reliably be used as reference, but the challenge of selecting the candidate structures remains. Here, we introduce an in silico library of vibrational spectra of common MS adducts of over 4500 compounds found in the human metabolome database. In total, the library currently contains more than 75,000 spectra computed at the DFT level that can be queried with an experimental IR spectrum. Moreover, we introduce a database of 189 experimental IRIS spectra, which is employed to validate the automated spectral matching routines. This demonstrates that 75% of the metabolites in the experimental data set are correctly identified, based solely on their exact m/z and IRIS spectrum. Additionally, we demonstrate an approach for specifically identifying substructures by performing a search without m/z constraints to find structural analogues. Such an unsupervised search paves the way toward the de novo identification of unknowns that are absent in spectral libraries. We apply the in silico spectral library to identify an unknown in a plasma sample as 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid, highlighting the potential of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kas J Houthuijs
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
| | - Udo F H Engelke
- Department of Genetics, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Vasuk Gautam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - David S Wishart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2E9, Canada
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Ron A Wevers
- Department of Genetics, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 ED, The Netherlands
- van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
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12
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Kirschbaum C, Young RSE, Greis K, Menzel JP, Gewinner S, Schöllkopf W, Meijer G, von Helden G, Causon T, Narreddula VR, Poad BLJ, Blanksby SJ, Pagel K. Establishing carbon-carbon double bond position and configuration in unsaturated fatty acids by gas-phase infrared spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2518-2527. [PMID: 36908944 PMCID: PMC9993887 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06487a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids are an abundant class of lipids that are characterised by wide structural variation including isomeric diversity arising from the position and configuration of functional groups. Traditional approaches to fatty acid characterisation have combined chromatography and mass spectrometry for a description of the composition of individual fatty acids while infrared (IR) spectroscopy has provided insights into the functional groups and bond configurations at the bulk level. Here we exploit universal 3-pyridylcarbinol ester derivatization of fatty acids to acquire IR spectra of individual lipids as mass-selected gas-phase ions. Intramolecular interactions between the protonated pyridine moiety and carbon-carbon double bonds present highly sensitive probes for regiochemistry and configuration through promotion of strong and predictable shifts in IR resonances. Gas-phase IR spectra obtained from unsaturated fatty acids are shown to discriminate between isomers and enable the first unambiguous structural assignment of 6Z-octadecenoic acid in human-derived cell lines. Compatibility of 3-pyridylcarbinol ester derivatization with conventional chromatography-mass spectrometry and now gas-phase IR spectroscopy paves the way for comprehensive structure elucidation of fatty acids that is sensitive to regio- and stereochemical variations and with the potential to uncover new pathways in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Kirschbaum
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Altensteinstraße 23a 14195 Berlin Germany .,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Reuben S E Young
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia .,Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Kim Greis
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Altensteinstraße 23a 14195 Berlin Germany .,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Menzel
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia .,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Sandy Gewinner
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Wieland Schöllkopf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Gerard Meijer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Gert von Helden
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Tim Causon
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna 1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Venkateswara R Narreddula
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia .,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Berwyck L J Poad
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia .,Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia .,Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin Altensteinstraße 23a 14195 Berlin Germany .,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
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13
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Liu C, Zuo Z, Xu F, Wang Y. Study of the suitable climate factors and geographical origins traceability of Panax notoginseng based on correlation analysis and spectral images combined with machine learning. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1009727. [PMID: 36825249 PMCID: PMC9941628 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1009727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The cultivation and sale of medicinal plants are some of the main ways to meet the increased market demand for plant-based drugs. Panax notoginseng is a widely used Chinese medicinal material. The growth and accumulation of bioactive constituents mainly depend on a satisfactory growing environment. Additionally, the occurrence of market fraud means that care should be taken when purchasing. METHODS In this study, we report the correlation between saponins and climate factors based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and evaluate the influence of climate factors on the quality of P. notoginseng. In addition, the synchronous two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) images of near infrared (NIR) data combined with the deep learning model were applied to traceability of geographic origins of P. notoginseng at two different levels (district and town levels). RESULTS The results indicated that the contents of saponins in P. notoginseng are negatively related to the annual mean temperature and the temperature annual range. A lower annual mean temperature and temperature annual range are favorable for the content accumulation of saponins. Additionally, high annual precipitation and high humidity are conducive to the content accumulation of Notoginsenoside R1 (NG-R1), Ginsenosides Rg1 (G-Rg1), and Ginsenosides Rb1 (G-Rb1), while Ginsenosides Rd (G-Rd), this is not the case. Regarding geographic origins, classifications at two different levels could be successfully distinguished through synchronous 2D-COS images combined with the residual convolutional neural network (ResNet) model. The model accuracy of the training set, test set, and external validation is achieved at 100%, and the cross-entropy loss function curves are lower. This demonstrated the potential feasibility of the proposed method for P. notoginseng geographic origin traceability, even if the distance between sampling points is small. DISCUSSION The findings of this study could improve the quality of P. notoginseng, provide a reference for cultivating P. notoginseng in the future and alleviate the occurrence of market fraud.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlu Liu
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Collge of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhitian Zuo
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Furong Xu
- Collge of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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14
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Daku AB, AL-Mhanna SB, Abu Bakar R, Nurul AA. Glycolipids isolation and characterization from natural source: A review. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2023.2165097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Bishir Daku
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University, Dutse, Nigeria
| | - Sameer Badri AL-Mhanna
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Ruzilawati Abu Bakar
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Asma Abdullah Nurul
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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15
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A Global Picture of Molecular Changes Associated to LPS Treatment in THP-1 Derived Human Macrophages by Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113447. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are among the first immune cells involved in the initiation of the inflammatory response to protect the host from pathogens. THP-1 derived macrophages (TDM) are used as a model to study the pro-inflammatory effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. Intact TDM cells were analysed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy, supported by multivariate analysis, to obtain a snapshot of the molecular events sparked by LPS stimulation in macrophage-like cells. This spectroscopic analysis enabled the untargeted identification of the most significant spectral components affected by the treatment, ascribable mainly to lipid, protein, and sulfated sugar bands, thus stressing the fundamental role of these classes of molecules in inflammation and in immune response. Our study, therefore, shows that FTIR microspectroscopy enabled the identification of spectroscopic markers of LPS stimulation and has the potential to become a tool to assess those global biochemical changes related to inflammatory and anti-inflammatory stimuli of synthetic and natural immunomodulators different from LPS.
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16
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Banerjee S, Holcombe B, Ringold S, Foes A, Naik T, Baghel D, Ghosh A. Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy Identifies Structural Heterogeneity in Individual Amyloid Fibrils and Prefibrillar Aggregates. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5832-5841. [PMID: 35914320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid plaques are one of the central manifestations of Alzheimer's disease pathology. Aggregation of the amyloid beta (Aβ) protein from amorphous oligomeric species to mature fibrils has been extensively studied. However, structural heterogeneities in prefibrillar species, and how that affects the structure of later-stage aggregates are not yet well understood. The integration of infrared spectroscopy with atomic force microscopy (AFM-IR) allows for identifying the signatures of individual nanoscale aggregates by spatially resolving spectra. We use AFM-IR to demonstrate that amyloid oligomers exhibit significant structural variations as evidenced in their infrared spectra. This heterogeneity is transmitted to and retained in protofibrils and fibrils. We show that amyloid fibrils do not always conform to their putative ordered structure and structurally different domains exist in the same fibril. We further demonstrate that these structural heterogeneities manifest themselves as a lack of β sheet structure in amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's tissue using infrared imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 1007E Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Brooke Holcombe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 1007E Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Sydney Ringold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 1007E Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Abigail Foes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 1007E Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Tanmayee Naik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 1007E Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Divya Baghel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 1007E Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Ayanjeet Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, 1007E Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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17
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Saparbaev E, Zviagin A, Boyarkin OV. Identification of Isomeric Biomolecules by Infrared Spectroscopy of Solvent-Tagged Ions. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9514-9518. [PMID: 35759744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The difference in functionality of many isomeric biomolecules requires their analytical identification for life science studies. We present a universal approach for quantitative identification of different small- to medium-sized isomeric biomolecules that can be brought to the gas phase from solution by electrospray ionization (ESI). The method involves infrared (IR) fragment cold ion spectroscopy of analyte molecules that are incompletely desolvated by soft ESI. The use of solvent molecules as natural tags removes a need for adding to solutions any special compounds, which may interfere with liquid chromatography or mass spectrometric measurements. The tested peptides and especially monosaccharides and lipids exhibit highly isomer-specific IR fragment spectra of such noncovalent complexes, which were produced from water, methanol, acetonitrile, and 2-butanol solutions. The relative concentrations in solution mixtures of, for instance, two isomeric dipeptides can be quantified with the accuracy of 1.6% and 2.9% for the acquisition time of 25 min and, potentially, 5 s, respectively; for three isomeric phospho-octapeptides, the accuracy becomes 4.1% and 11% for 17 min and, potentially, 10 s measurements, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Saparbaev
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrei Zviagin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oleg V Boyarkin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Grabarics M, Lettow M, Kirschbaum C, Greis K, Manz C, Pagel K. Mass Spectrometry-Based Techniques to Elucidate the Sugar Code. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7840-7908. [PMID: 34491038 PMCID: PMC9052437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cells encode information in the sequence of biopolymers, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and glycans. Although glycans are essential to all living organisms, surprisingly little is known about the "sugar code" and the biological roles of these molecules. The reason glycobiology lags behind its counterparts dealing with nucleic acids and proteins lies in the complexity of carbohydrate structures, which renders their analysis extremely challenging. Building blocks that may differ only in the configuration of a single stereocenter, combined with the vast possibilities to connect monosaccharide units, lead to an immense variety of isomers, which poses a formidable challenge to conventional mass spectrometry. In recent years, however, a combination of innovative ion activation methods, commercialization of ion mobility-mass spectrometry, progress in gas-phase ion spectroscopy, and advances in computational chemistry have led to a revolution in mass spectrometry-based glycan analysis. The present review focuses on the above techniques that expanded the traditional glycomics toolkit and provided spectacular insight into the structure of these fascinating biomolecules. To emphasize the specific challenges associated with them, major classes of mammalian glycans are discussed in separate sections. By doing so, we aim to put the spotlight on the most important element of glycobiology: the glycans themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márkó Grabarics
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Lettow
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carla Kirschbaum
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Greis
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Manz
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Characterization and Roles of Membrane Lipids in Fatty Liver Disease. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040410. [PMID: 35448380 PMCID: PMC9025760 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has reached global epidemic proportions and it affects the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease and other metabolic diseases. Membrane lipids are important structural and signaling components of the cell membrane. Recent studies highlight their importance in lipid homeostasis and are implicated in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease. Here, we discuss the numerous membrane lipid species and their metabolites including, phospholipids, sphingolipids and cholesterol, and how dysregulation of their composition and physiology contribute to the development of fatty liver disease. The development of new genetic and pharmacological mouse models has shed light on the role of lipid species on various mechanisms/pathways; these lipids impact many aspects of the pathophysiology of fatty liver disease and could potentially be targeted for the treatment of fatty liver disease.
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20
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Kirschbaum C, Greis K, Gewinner S, Schöllkopf W, Meijer G, von Helden G, Pagel K. Cryogenic infrared spectroscopy provides mechanistic insight into the fragmentation of phospholipid silver adducts. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5275-5285. [PMID: 35147717 PMCID: PMC9242943 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometry is arguably the most important analytical tool for structure elucidation of lipids and other metabolites. By fragmenting intact lipid ions, valuable structural information such as the lipid class and fatty acyl composition are readily obtainable. The information content of a fragment spectrum can often be increased by the addition of metal cations. In particular, the use of silver ions is deeply rooted in the history of lipidomics due to their propensity to coordinate both electron-rich heteroatoms and C = C bonds in aliphatic chains. Not surprisingly, coordination of silver ions was found to enable the distinction of sn-isomers in glycerolipids by inducing reproducible intensity differences in the fragment spectra, which could, however, not be rationalized. Here, we investigate the fragmentation behaviors of silver-adducted sn- and double bond glycerophospholipid isomers by probing fragment structures using cryogenic gas-phase infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Our results confirm that neutral headgroup loss from silver-adducted glycerophospholipids leads to dioxolane-type fragments generated by intramolecular cyclization. By combining high-resolution IR spectroscopy and computational modelling of silver-adducted fragments, we offer qualitative explanations for different fragmentation behaviors of glycerophospholipid isomers. Overall, the results demonstrate that gas-phase IR spectroscopy of fragment ions can significantly contribute to our understanding of lipid dissociation mechanisms and the influence of coordinating cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Kirschbaum
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Greis
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandy Gewinner
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wieland Schöllkopf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerard Meijer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gert von Helden
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Structures and functions of the gut microbial lipidome. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159110. [PMID: 34995792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microbial lipids provide signals that are responsible for maintaining host health and controlling disease. The differences in the structures of microbial lipids have been shown to alter receptor selectivity and agonist/antagonist activity. Advanced lipidomics is an emerging field that helps to elucidate the complex bacterial lipid diversity. The use of cutting-edge technologies is expected to lead to the discovery of new functional metabolites involved in host homeostasis. This review aims to describe recent updates on functional lipid metabolites derived from gut microbiota, their structure-activity relationships, and advanced lipidomics technologies.
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22
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Ami D, Duse A, Mereghetti P, Cozza F, Ambrosio F, Ponzini E, Grandori R, Lunetta C, Tavazzi S, Pezzoli F, Natalello A. Tear-Based Vibrational Spectroscopy Applied to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16995-17002. [PMID: 34905686 PMCID: PMC8717331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Biofluid analysis
by optical spectroscopy techniques is attracting
considerable interest due to its potential to revolutionize diagnostics
and precision medicine, particularly for neurodegenerative diseases.
However, the lack of effective biomarkers combined with the unaccomplished
identification of convenient biofluids has drastically hampered optical
advancements in clinical diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative
disorders. Here, we show that vibrational spectroscopy applied to
human tears opens a new route, offering a non-invasive, label-free
identification of a devastating disease such as amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS). Our proposed approach has been validated using two
widespread techniques, namely, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and
Raman microspectroscopies. In conjunction with multivariate analysis,
this vibrational approach made it possible to discriminate between
tears from ALS patients and healthy controls (HCs) with high specificity
(∼97% and ∼100% for FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, respectively)
and sensitivity (∼88% and ∼100% for FTIR and Raman spectroscopy,
respectively). Additionally, the investigation of tears allowed us
to disclose ALS spectroscopic markers related to protein and lipid
alterations, as well as to a reduction of the phenylalanine level,
in comparison with HCs. Our findings show that vibrational spectroscopy
is a new potential ALS diagnostic approach and indicate that tears
are a reliable and non-invasive source of ALS biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Ami
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Duse
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.,COMiB Research Centre in Optics and Optometry, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Federica Cozza
- COMiB Research Centre in Optics and Optometry, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.,NEuroMuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Serena Onlus Foundation, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Ambrosio
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Erika Ponzini
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.,COMiB Research Centre in Optics and Optometry, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Rita Grandori
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Christian Lunetta
- NEuroMuscular Omnicentre (NEMO), Serena Onlus Foundation, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milano, Italy.,NEMO Lab, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Tavazzi
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy.,COMiB Research Centre in Optics and Optometry, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Pezzoli
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
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23
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Greis K, Kirschbaum C, von Helden G, Pagel K. Gas-phase infrared spectroscopy of glycans and glycoconjugates. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2021; 72:194-202. [PMID: 34952241 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycans are intrinsically complex biomolecules that pose particular analytical challenges. Standard workflows for glycan analysis are based on mass spectrometry, often coupled with separation techniques such as liquid chromatography and ion mobility spectrometry. However, this approach does not yield direct structural information and cannot always distinguish between isomers. This gap might be filled in the future by gas-phase infrared spectroscopy, which has emerged as a promising structure-sensitive technique for glycan fingerprinting. This review highlights recent applications of gas-phase infrared spectroscopy for the analysis of synthetic and biological glycans and how they can be integrated into mass spectrometry-based workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Greis
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carla Kirschbaum
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gert von Helden
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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24
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Abikhodr AH, Yatsyna V, Ben Faleh A, Warnke S, Rizzo TR. Identifying Mixtures of Isomeric Human Milk Oligosaccharides by the Decomposition of IR Spectral Fingerprints. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14730-14736. [PMID: 34704745 PMCID: PMC8581968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of glycans presents a significant challenge that arises from their isomeric heterogeneity. While high-resolution ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has shown the ability to resolve subtly different glycan isomers, their unambiguous assignment remains difficult. Here, we demonstrate an infrared (IR) spectroscopic approach for identifying isomers in a glycan mixture. To display the feasibility of this approach, we have constructed a small database of cryogenic spectra of five lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP) and six disaccharide isomers and demonstrated that in the cases where they cannot be separated by IMS, we can use a cryogenic IR spectrum to identify the isomeric components of a mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H. Abikhodr
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vasyl Yatsyna
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Ben Faleh
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Warnke
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas R. Rizzo
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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25
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Heiles S. Advanced tandem mass spectrometry in metabolomics and lipidomics-methods and applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5927-5948. [PMID: 34142202 PMCID: PMC8440309 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics and lipidomics are new drivers of the omics era as molecular signatures and selected analytes allow phenotypic characterization and serve as biomarkers, respectively. The growing capabilities of untargeted and targeted workflows, which primarily rely on mass spectrometric platforms, enable extensive charting or identification of bioactive metabolites and lipids. Structural annotation of these compounds is key in order to link specific molecular entities to defined biochemical functions or phenotypes. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS), first and foremost collision-induced dissociation (CID), is the method of choice to unveil structural details of metabolites and lipids. But CID fragment ions are often not sufficient to fully characterize analytes. Therefore, recent years have seen a surge in alternative tandem MS methodologies that aim to offer full structural characterization of metabolites and lipids. In this article, principles, capabilities, drawbacks, and first applications of these "advanced tandem mass spectrometry" strategies will be critically reviewed. This includes tandem MS methods that are based on electrons, photons, and ion/molecule, as well as ion/ion reactions, combining tandem MS with concepts from optical spectroscopy and making use of derivatization strategies. In the final sections of this review, the first applications of these methodologies in combination with liquid chromatography or mass spectrometry imaging are highlighted and future perspectives for research in metabolomics and lipidomics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Heiles
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich Buff Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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26
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Saparbaev E, Yamaletdinov R, Boyarkin OV. Identification of Isomeric Lipids by UV Spectroscopy of Noncovalent Complexes with Aromatic Molecules. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12822-12826. [PMID: 34516082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tremendous structural and isomeric diversity of lipids enables a wide range of their functions in nature but makes the identification of these biomolecules challenging. We distinguish and quantify isomeric lipids using cold ion UV fragmentation spectroscopy of their noncovalent complexes with aromatic amino acids and dipeptides. On the basis of structural simulations, specific isomer-sensitive aromatic "sensors" have been preselected for lipids of each studied class. Tyrosine appeared to be a good "sensor" to distinguish steroids and prostaglandins, which are rich in functional groups, while diphenylalanine is a better choice for sensing largely hydrophobic phospholipids. With this sensor, the relative concentrations of two isomeric glycerophospholipids mixed in solution have been determined with 3.3% accuracy, which should degrade only to 3.7% for a 14 s express measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Saparbaev
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ruslan Yamaletdinov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg V Boyarkin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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27
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Kirschbaum C, Greis K, Polewski L, Gewinner S, Schöllkopf W, Meijer G, von Helden G, Pagel K. Unveiling Glycerolipid Fragmentation by Cryogenic Infrared Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14827-14834. [PMID: 34473927 PMCID: PMC8447261 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Mass spectrometry
is routinely employed for structure elucidation
of molecules. Structural information can be retrieved from intact
molecular ions by fragmentation; however, the interpretation of fragment
spectra is often hampered by poor understanding of the underlying
dissociation mechanisms. For example, neutral headgroup loss from
protonated glycerolipids has been postulated to proceed via an intramolecular
ring closure but the mechanism and resulting ring size have never
been experimentally confirmed. Here we use cryogenic gas-phase infrared
(IR) spectroscopy in combination with computational chemistry to unravel
the structures of fragment ions and thereby shed light on elusive
dissociation mechanisms. Using the example of glycerolipid fragmentation,
we study the formation of protonated five-membered dioxolane and six-membered
dioxane rings and show that dioxolane rings are predominant throughout
different glycerolipid classes and fragmentation channels. For comparison,
pure dioxolane and dioxane ions were generated from tailor-made dehydroxyl
derivatives inspired by natural 1,2- and 1,3-diacylglycerols and subsequently
interrogated using IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the cyclic structure
of an intermediate fragment occurring in the phosphatidylcholine fragmentation
pathway was spectroscopically confirmed. Overall, the results contribute
substantially to the understanding of glycerolipid fragmentation and
showcase the value of vibrational ion spectroscopy to mechanistically
elucidate crucial fragmentation pathways in lipidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Kirschbaum
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Greis
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukasz Polewski
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandy Gewinner
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gerard Meijer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gert von Helden
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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28
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Non-covalent double bond sensors for gas-phase infrared spectroscopy of unsaturated fatty acids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3643-3653. [PMID: 33956167 PMCID: PMC8141490 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The position and configuration of carbon-carbon double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids is crucial for their biological functions and influences health and disease. However, double bond isomers are not routinely distinguished by classical mass spectrometry workflows. Instead, they require sophisticated analytical approaches usually based on chemical derivatization and/or instrument modification. In this work, a novel strategy to investigate fatty acid double bond isomers (18:1) without prior chemical treatment or modification of the ion source was implemented by non-covalent adduct formation in the gas phase. Fatty acid adducts with sodium, pyridinium, trimethylammonium, dimethylammonium, and ammonium cations were characterized by a combination of cryogenic gas-phase infrared spectroscopy, ion mobility-mass spectrometry, and computational modeling. The results reveal subtle differences between double bond isomers and confirm three-dimensional geometries constrained by non-covalent ion-molecule interactions. Overall, this study on fatty acid adducts in the gas phase explores new avenues for the distinction of lipid double bond isomers and paves the way for further investigations of coordinating cations to increase resolution.
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29
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Chao HC, McLuckey SA. In-Depth Structural Characterization and Quantification of Cerebrosides and Glycosphingosines with Gas-Phase Ion Chemistry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:7332-7340. [PMID: 33957046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrosides (n-HexCer) and glycosphingosines (n-HexSph) constitute two sphingolipid subclasses. Both are comprised of a monosaccharide headgroup (glucose or galactose in mammalian cells) linked via either an α- or β-glycosidic linkage to the sphingoid backbone (n = α or β, depending upon the nature of the linkage to the anomeric carbon of the sugar). Cerebrosides have an additional amide-bonded fatty acyl chain linked to the sphingoid backbone. While differentiating the multiple isomers (i.e. glucose vs galactose, α- vs β-linkage) is difficult, it is crucial for understanding their specific biological roles in health and disease states. Shotgun tandem mass spectrometry has been a powerful tool in both lipidomics and glycomics analysis but is often limited in its ability to distinguish isomeric species. This work describes a new strategy combining shotgun tandem mass spectrometry with gas-phase ion chemistry to achieve both differentiation and quantification of isomeric cerebrosides and glycosphingosines. Briefly, deprotonated cerebrosides, [n-HexCer-H]-, or glycosphingosines, [n-HexSph-H]-, are reacted with terpyridine (Terpy) magnesium complex dications, [Mg(Terpy)2]2+, in the gas phase to produce a charge-inverted complex cation, [n-HexCer-H+MgTerpy]+ or [n-HexSph-H+MgTerpy]+. The collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the charge-inverted complex cations leads to significant spectral differences between the two groups of isomers, α-GalCer, β-GlcCer, and β-GalCer for cerebrosides and α-GlcSph, α-GalSph, β-GlcSph, and β-GalSph for glycosphingosines, which allows for isomer distinction. Moreover, we describe a quantification strategy with the normalized percent area extracted from selected diagnostic ions that quantify either three isomeric cerebroside or four isomeric glycosphingosine mixtures. The analytical performance was also evaluated in terms of accuracy, repeatability, and interday precision. Furthermore, CID of the product ions resulting from 443 Da loss from the charge-inverted complex cations ([n-HexCer-H+MgTerpy]+) has been performed and demonstrated for localization of the double-bond position on the amide-bonded monounsaturated fatty acyl chain in the cerebroside structure. The proposed strategy was successfully applied to the analysis of total cerebroside extracts from the porcine brain, providing in-depth structural information on cerebrosides from a biological mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Chun Chao
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Scott A McLuckey
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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