1
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Michenfelder RT, Pashley-Johnson F, Guschin V, Delafresnaye L, Truong VX, Wagenknecht HA, Barner-Kowollik C. Photochemical Action Plots Map Orthogonal Reactivity in Photochemical Release Systems. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402011. [PMID: 38852174 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The wavelength-by-wavelength resolved photoreactivity of two photo-caged carboxylic acids, i. e. 7-(diethylamino)-coumarin- and 3-perylene-modified substrates, is investigated via photochemical action plots. The observed wavelength-dependent reactivity of the chromophores is contrasted with their absorption profile. The photochemical action plots reveal a remarkable mismatch between the maximum reactivity and the absorbance. Through the action plot data, the study is able to uncover photochemical reactivity maxima at longer and shorter wavelengths, where the molar absorptivity of the chromophores is strongly reduced. Finally, the laser experiments are translated to light emitting diode (LED) irradiation and show efficient visible-light-induced release in a near fully wavelength-orthogonal, sequence-independent fashion (λLED1 = 405 nm, λLED2 = 505 nm) with both chromophores in the same reaction solution. The herein pioneered wavelength orthogonal release systems open an avenue for releasing two different molecular cargos with visible light in a fully orthogonal fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita T Michenfelder
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Fred Pashley-Johnson
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC) and Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Viktor Guschin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Laura Delafresnaye
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Vinh X Truong
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Round, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hans-Achim Wagenknecht
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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2
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Maafi M. On photokinetics under polychromatic light. Front Chem 2024; 12:1367276. [PMID: 38711947 PMCID: PMC11070525 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1367276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the dawn of photochemistry 150 years ago, photoreactions have been conducted under polychromatic light. However, despite the pivotal role that photokinetics should naturally play for such reactive photosystems, the literature lacks a comprehensive description of that area. Indeed, one fails to identify explicit model integrated rate laws for these reactions, a characteristic type for their kinetic behavior, or their kinetic order. In addition, there is no consensus in the community on standardized investigative tools to evaluate the reactivity of these photosystems, nor are there venues for the discussion of such photokinetic issues. The present work is a contribution addressing some of these knowledge gaps. It proposes an unprecedented general formula capable of mapping out the kinetic traces of photoreactions under polychromatic light irradiation. This article quantitatively discusses several reaction situations, including the effects of initial reactant concentration and the presence of spectator molecules. It also develops a methodology for standardizing actinometers and defines and describes both the spectral range of highest reactivity and the photonic yield. The validity of the model equation has been proven by comparing its results to both theoretical counterparts and those generated by fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical calculations. For the first time, a confirmation of the Φ -order character of the kinetics under polychromatic light was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Maafi
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
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3
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Kim SF, Schwarz H, Jurczyk J, Nebgen BR, Hendricks H, Park H, Radosevich A, Zuerch MW, Harper K, Lux MC, Yeung CS, Sarpong R. Mechanistic Investigation, Wavelength-Dependent Reactivity, and Expanded Reactivity of N-Aryl Azacycle Photomediated Ring Contractions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5580-5596. [PMID: 38347659 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Under mild blue-light irradiation, α-acylated saturated heterocycles undergo a photomediated one-atom ring contraction that extrudes a heteroatom from the cyclic core. However, for nitrogenous heterocycles, this powerful skeletal edit has been limited to substrates bearing electron-withdrawing substituents on nitrogen. Moreover, the mechanism and wavelength-dependent efficiency of this transformation have remained unclear. In this work, we increased the electron richness of nitrogen in saturated azacycles to improve light absorption and strengthen critical intramolecular hydrogen bonding while enabling the direct installation of the photoreactive handle. As a result, a broadly expanded substrate scope, including underexplored electron-rich substrates and previously unsuccessful heterocycles, has now been achieved. The significantly improved yields and diastereoselectivities have facilitated reaction rate, kinetic isotope effect (KIE), and quenching studies, in addition to the determination of quantum yields. Guided by these studies, we propose a revised ET/PT mechanism for the ring contraction, which is additionally corroborated by computational characterization of the lowest-energy excited states of α-acylated substrates through time-dependent DFT. The efficiency of the ring contraction at wavelengths longer than those strongly absorbed by the substrates was investigated through wavelength-dependent rate measurements, which revealed a red shift of the photochemical action plot relative to substrate absorbance. The elucidated mechanistic and photophysical details effectively rationalize empirical observations, including additive effects, that were previously poorly understood. Our findings not only demonstrate enhanced synthetic utility of the photomediated ring contraction and shed light on mechanistic details but may also offer valuable guidance for understanding wavelength-dependent reactivity for related photochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojung F Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Henrik Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Justin Jurczyk
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bailey R Nebgen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Sciences Division, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hailey Hendricks
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Hojoon Park
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Andrew Radosevich
- Small Molecule Therapeutics & Platform Technologies, Abbvie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Michael W Zuerch
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Sciences Division, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kaid Harper
- Process Chemistry, Abbvie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Michaelyn C Lux
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Charles S Yeung
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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4
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Han C, Kundu BK, Liang Y, Sun Y. Near-Infrared Light-Driven Photocatalysis with an Emphasis on Two-Photon Excitation: Concepts, Materials, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307759. [PMID: 37703435 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Efficient utilization of sunlight in photocatalysis is widely recognized as a promising solution for addressing the growing energy demand and environmental issues resulting from fossil fuel consumption. Recently, there have been significant developments in various near-infrared (NIR) light-harvesting systems for artificial photosynthesis and photocatalytic environmental remediation. This review provides an overview of the most recent advancements in the utilization of NIR light through the creation of novel nanostructured materials and molecular photosensitizers, as well as modulating strategies to enhance the photocatalytic processes. A special focus is given to the emerging two-photon excitation NIR photocatalysis. The unique features and limitations of different systems are critically evaluated. In particular, it highlights the advantages of utilizing NIR light and two-photon excitation compared to UV-visible irradiation and one-photon excitation. Ongoing challenges and potential solutions for the future exploration of NIR light-responsive materials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Han
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Bidyut Kumar Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Yujun Liang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
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5
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Huang W, Zhang X, Chen J, Zhang B, Chen B, Zhang G. Organic Photocatalyzed Polyacrylamide without Heterogeneous End Groups: A Mechanistic Study. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhuan Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | | | | | | | - Biao Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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6
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Kumar GS, Sha MS, Yempally S, Cabibihan JJ, Sadasivuni KK. A practical perspective for chromatic orthogonality for implementing in photolithography. Sci Rep 2023; 13:694. [PMID: 36639436 PMCID: PMC9839670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Theoretically, it is more challenging to anticipate the conversion and selectivity of a photochemical experiment compared to thermally generated reactivity. This is due to the interaction of light with a photoreactive substrate. Photochemical reactions do not yet receive the same level of broad analytical study. Here, we close this research gap by presenting a methodology for statistically forecasting the time-dependent progression of photoreactions using widely available LEDs. This study uses NiS/ZnO in perovskite (MAPbI3) solar cells as an additive (5 volume %). The effect of monolithic perovskite solar cells (mPSCs) on forecasting the wavelength of LEDs has been carefully investigated using various characterization methods, including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photocatalytic activity was analyzed by measuring the voltage produced. Various factors like selectivity, stability and sensitivity were also examined. This work provides a new perspective to validate NiS/ZnO photocatalysts for predicting the wavelength of different light sources and to apply in photolithography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mizaj Shabil Sha
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Swathi Yempally
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - John-John Cabibihan
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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7
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Glaser F, Wenger OS. Sensitizer-controlled photochemical reactivity via upconversion of red light. Chem Sci 2022; 14:149-161. [PMID: 36605743 PMCID: PMC9769107 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05229f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
By combining the energy input from two red photons, chemical reactions that would normally require blue or ultraviolet irradiation become accessible. Key advantages of this biphotonic excitation strategy are that red light usually penetrates deeper into complex reaction mixtures and causes less photo-damage than direct illumination in the blue or ultraviolet. Here, we demonstrate that the primary light-absorber of a dual photocatalytic system comprised of a transition metal-based photosensitizer and an organic co-catalyst can completely alter the reaction outcome. Photochemical reductions are achieved with a copper(i) complex in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor, whereas oxidative substrate activation occurs with an osmium(ii) photosensitizer. Based on time-resolved laser spectroscopy, this changeover in photochemical reactivity is due to different underlying biphotonic mechanisms. Following triplet energy transfer from the osmium(ii) photosensitizer to 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA) and subsequent triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion, the fluorescent singlet excited state of DCA triggers oxidative substrate activation, which initiates the cis to trans isomerization of an olefin, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition, an aryl ether to ester rearrangement, and a Newman-Kwart rearrangement. This oxidative substrate activation stands in contrast to the reactivity with a copper(i) photosensitizer, where photoinduced electron transfer generates the DCA radical anion, which upon further excitation triggers reductive dehalogenations and detosylations. Our study provides the proof-of-concept for controlling the outcome of a red-light driven biphotonic reaction by altering the photosensitizer, and this seems relevant in the greater context of tailoring photochemical reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Glaser
- Department of Chemistry, University of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056 BaselSwitzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of BaselSt. Johanns-Ring 194056 BaselSwitzerland
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8
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Leguizamon SC, Monk NT, Hochrein MT, Zapien EM, Yoon A, Foster JC, Appelhans LN. Photoinitiated Olefin Metathesis and Stereolithographic Printing of Polydicyclopentadiene. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas T. Monk
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | | | | | - Alana Yoon
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Foster
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Leah N. Appelhans
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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9
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Feist F, Rodrigues LL, Walden SL, Barner-Kowollik C. Regioisomerism in Symmetric Dimethyl Dialdehydes Dictates their Photochemical Reactivity. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9296-9300. [PMID: 35749632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We herein report the first light-driven selective monoderivatization (desymmetrization) of two chemically equivalent carbonyl groups in a single chromophore. By comparing of four symmetric regioisomers, featuring two equivalent ortho-methylbenzaldehyde units, we identify dimethyltherephtalaldehydes (DMTAs) which can be activated in a dual wavelength-selective fashion. Under visible light and UV-light irradiation, DMTAs undergo two consecutive Diels-Alder reactions exhibiting near-quantitative endo-selectivity (>99%) and provide excellent yields (96-98%). The influence of the regioisomerism of the dialdehydes on their photochemical behavior is profound, evidenced by an in-depth investigation of their photochemical performance. We exemplify the capability of the photosystems via the synthesis of complex Diels-Alder adducts with various dienophiles, including alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Feist
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Leona L Rodrigues
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Sarah L Walden
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
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10
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Xiong S, E B, Zhang Z, Tang J, Rong X, Gong H, Yi C. Innovative Application of Three-Dimensional-Printed Breast Model-Aided Reduction Mammaplasty. Front Surg 2022; 9:890177. [PMID: 35756468 PMCID: PMC9223078 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.890177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Symptomatic macromastia places a severe physical and psychological burden on patients. Reduction mammaplasty is the primary treatment; however, conventional surgery may lead to postoperative nipple-areolar complex necrosis due to damage to the dominant supplying arteries. In this study, we designed and fabricated an innovative, three-dimensional-printed breast vascular model to provide surgical guidance for reduction mammaplasty. Preoperative computed tomography angiography scanning data of patients were collected. The data were then processed and reconstructed using the E3D digital medical modeling software (version 17.06); the reconstructions were then printed into a personalized model using stereolithography. The three-dimensional-printed breast vascular model was thus developed for individualized preoperative surgical design. This individualized model could be used to intuitively visualize the dominant supplying arteries’ spatial location in the breasts, thereby allowing effective surgical planning for reduction mammaplasty. The three-dimensional-printed breast vascular model can therefore provide an individualized preoperative design and patient education, avoid necrosis of the nipple-areolar complex, shorten operation duration, and ensure safe and effective surgery in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoheng Xiong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bei E
- Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiezhang Tang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiangke Rong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haibo Gong
- The State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chenggang Yi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Correspondence: Chenggang Yi
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11
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Shimizu N, Shigemitsu H, Kida T, Bach T, Mori T. Visible Light-Induced Regio- and Enantiodifferentiating [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition of 1,4-Naphthoquinones Mediated by Oppositely Coordinating 1,3,2-Oxazaborolidine Chiral Lewis Acid. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8071-8083. [PMID: 35652135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A range of asymmetric photochemical transformations using visible light have recently become considerably attractive. Among the various approaches, chiral Lewis acid association to enones for [2 + 2] and ortho photocycloadditions and oxadi-π-methane rearrangements have shown to be very promising. Naturally, chiral Lewis acid coordination protects one of the prochiral faces of the C═C double bond, which enables an effective enantiodifferentiation in the following bond-forming process(es). Here, we studied regio- and enantiodifferentiating [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reactions of naphthoquinone derivatives mediated by chiral oxazaborolidines. A stereochemical control was quite challenging for the 2-ene-1,4-dione substrate, as a double coordination of Lewis acid essentially cancels out the face selectivity, and a mono-coordination to each carbonyl group leads to an opposite stereochemical outcome. Furthermore, a stepwise coordination in the ground state of Lewis acid in a 1:1 fashion was practically inaccessible. We found that the excited-state decomplexation is a key to accomplish high regio- and enantioselectivities in the photocycloaddition of an ene-dione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Shimizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hajime Shigemitsu
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division Institute for OTRI, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kida
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division Institute for OTRI, Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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12
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Song L, Zhuge Y, Zuo X, Li M, Wang F. DNA Walkers for Biosensing Development. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200327. [PMID: 35460209 PMCID: PMC9366574 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability to design nanostructures with arbitrary shapes and controllable motions has made DNA nanomaterials used widely to construct diverse nanomachines with various structures and functions. The DNA nanostructures exhibit excellent properties, including programmability, stability, biocompatibility, and can be modified with different functional groups. Among these nanoscale architectures, DNA walker is one of the most popular nanodevices with ingenious design and flexible function. In the past several years, DNA walkers have made amazing progress ranging from structural design to biological applications including constructing biosensors for the detection of cancer-associated biomarkers. In this review, the key driving forces of DNA walkers are first summarized. Then, the DNA walkers with different numbers of legs are introduced. Furthermore, the biosensing applications of DNA walkers including the detection- of nucleic acids, proteins, ions, and bacteria are summarized. Finally, the new frontiers and opportunities for developing DNA walker-based biosensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Song
- Department of CardiologyShanghai General HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200800China
- Institute of Molecular MedicineShanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and NanomedicineSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Ying Zhuge
- Department of CardiologyShanghai General HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200800China
| | - Xiaolei Zuo
- Institute of Molecular MedicineShanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and NanomedicineSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Molecular MedicineShanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and NanomedicineSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of CardiologyShanghai General HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200800China
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13
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Abstract
The careful mapping of photoinduced reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRP) is a prerequisite for their applications in soft matter materials design. Here, we probe the wavelength-dependent behavior of photochemically induced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using nanosecond pulsed-laser polymerization (PLP). The photochemical reactivities at identical photon fluxes of methyl acrylate in terms of conversion, number-average molecular weight, and dispersity of the resulting polymers are mapped against the absorption spectrum of the copper(II) catalyst in the range of 305-550 nm. We observe a red shift of the action spectrum relative to the absorption spectrum of the copper(II) catalyst. Both the number-average molecular weight and the dispersity show a wavelength dependence, while the molecular weight and conversion remain linearly correlated. The reported data allow the judicious selection of optimum wavelengths for photoATRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Nardi
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Eva Blasco
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Organic Chemistry Institute and Centre for Advanced Materials, University of Heidelberg, In Neuenheimer Feld 270 and 225, 69219 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
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14
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Irshadeen IM, Walden SL, Wegener M, Truong VX, Frisch H, Blinco JP, Barner-Kowollik C. Action Plots in Action: In-Depth Insights into Photochemical Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21113-21126. [PMID: 34859671 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Predicting wavelength-dependent photochemical reactivity is challenging. Herein, we revive the well-established tool of measuring action spectra and adapt the technique to map wavelength-resolved covalent bond formation and cleavage in what we term "photochemical action plots". Underpinned by tunable lasers, which allow excitation of molecules with near-perfect wavelength precision, the photoinduced reactivity of several reaction classes have been mapped in detail. These include photoinduced cycloadditions and bond formation based on photochemically generated o-quinodimethanes and 1,3-dipoles such as nitrile imines as well as radical photoinitiator cleavage. Organized by reaction class, these data demonstrate that UV/vis spectra fail to act as a predictor for photochemical reactivity at a given wavelength in most of the examined reactions, with the photochemical reactivity being strongly red shifted in comparison to the absorption spectrum. We provide an encompassing perspective of the power of photochemical action plots for bond-forming reactions and their emerging applications in the design of wavelength-selective photoresists and photoresponsive soft-matter materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishrath Mohamed Irshadeen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Sarah L Walden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Vinh X Truong
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - James P Blinco
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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15
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Marshall DL, Menzel JP, McKinnon BI, Blinco JP, Trevitt AJ, Barner-Kowollik C, Blanksby SJ. Laser Photodissociation Action Spectroscopy for the Wavelength-Dependent Evaluation of Photoligation Reactions. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8091-8098. [PMID: 34019383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The nitrile imine-mediated tetrazole-ene cycloaddition is a widely used class of photoligation. Optimizing the reaction outcome requires detailed knowledge of the tetrazole photoactivation profile, which can only partially be ascertained from absorption spectroscopy, or otherwise involves laborious reaction monitoring in solution. Photodissociation action spectroscopy (PDAS) combines the advantages of optical spectroscopy and mass spectrometry in that only absorption events resulting in a mass change are recorded, thus revealing the desired wavelength dependence of product formation. Moreover, the sensitivity and selectivity afforded by the mass spectrometer enable reliable assessment of the photodissociation profile even on small amounts of crude material, thus accelerating the design and synthesis of next-generation substrates. Using this workflow, we demonstrate that the photodissociation onset for nitrile imine formation is red-shifted by ca. 50 nm with a novel N-ethylcarbazole derivative relative to a phenyl-substituted archetype. Benchmarked against solution-phase tunable laser experiments and supported by quantum chemical calculations, these discoveries demonstrate that PDAS is a powerful tool for rapidly screening the efficacy of new substrates in the quest toward efficient visible light-triggered ligation for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Marshall
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Jan P Menzel
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Benjamin I McKinnon
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - James P Blinco
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Adam J Trevitt
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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