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Zhang T, Jiang S, Qian MY, Zhou QL, Xiao LJ. Ligand-Controlled Regiodivergent Nickel-Catalyzed Hydroaminoalkylation of Unactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3458-3470. [PMID: 38270100 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Ligand modulation of transition-metal catalysts to achieve optimal reactivity and selectivity in alkene hydrofunctionalization is a fundamental challenge in synthetic organic chemistry. Hydroaminoalkylation, an atom-economical approach for alkylating amines using alkenes, is particularly significant for amine synthesis in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and fine chemical industries. However, the existing methods usually require specific substrate combinations to achieve precise regio- and stereoselectivity, which limits their practical utility. Protocols allowing for regiodivergent hydroaminoalkylation from the same starting materials, controlling both regiochemical and stereochemical outcomes, are currently absent. Herein, we report a ligand-controlled, regiodivergent nickel-catalyzed hydroaminoalkylation of unactivated alkenes with N-sulfonyl amines. The reaction initiates with amine dehydrogenation and involves aza-nickelacycle intermediates. Tritert-butylphosphine promotes branched regioselectivity and syn diastereoselectivity, whereas ethyldiphenylphosphine enables linear selectivity, yielding regioisomers with inverse orientation. Systematic evaluation of diverse monodentate phosphine ligands reveals distinct regioselectivity cliffs, and % Vbur (min), a ligand steric descriptor, was established as a predictive parameter correlating ligand structure to regioselectivity. Computational investigations supported experimental findings, offering mechanistic insights into the origins of regioselectivity. Our method provides an efficient and predictable route for amine synthesis, demonstrating broad substrate scope, excellent tolerance toward various functional groups, and practical advantages. These include the use of readily available starting materials and cost-effective nickel(II) salts as precatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Meng-Ying Qian
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qi-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Li-Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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2
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Zhang Y, Deng G. Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis and Application of Functionalized 2,3-Dihydrofuran Derivatives from Enynones and Bis(diazo) Compounds. J Org Chem 2024; 89:80-90. [PMID: 38091516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
A highly efficient Ag(I)-catalyzed cascade Michael addition/cyclization of enynones with 1,3-(bis)diazo compounds has been established, providing functionalized 2,3-dihydrofuran derivatives containing a diazo group and an acetylenic bond with excellent diastereoselectivity. Transformation of the diazo group and hydration of the carbon-carbon triple bond have been performed successfully in different reaction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Guisheng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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3
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Wang RH, Zhang Z, Li B, Zhu GF, Shi J, Tang L. p-Cresol-Enabled Nickel-Catalyzed Intermolecular Redox-Economical Coupling of Allyl Alcohols with Alkynes through oxa-Nickelacycle. Org Lett 2023; 25:8463-8468. [PMID: 37982592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
An intermolecular redox-economical coupling reaction of allyl alcohols with alkynes, catalyzed by Ni-Brønsted acid cocatalysis, has been developed. This method allows for the synthesis of a diverse range of γ,δ-unsaturated ketones with yields ranging from 40% to 94%, while maintaining excellent compatibility with various functional groups. The transformation of the resulting product demonstrates the significant practical value of this method. Further mechanistic investigations have revealed that the reaction proceeds through the formation of an oxa-nickelacycle intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Hua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Feng Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Jing Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, 550014 Guiyang, P. R. China
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4
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Zou S, Zhao Z, Huang H. Palladium-Catalyzed Aminoalkylative Cyclization Enables Modular Synthesis of Exocyclic 1,3-Dienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311603. [PMID: 37815155 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel and efficient palladium-catalyzed regioselective and stereodivergent ring-closing reaction of aminoenynes with aldehydes and boronic acids or hydrosilane is developed. This three-component reaction allows for the modular synthesis of a series of exocyclic 1,3-dienes bearing 5- to 8-membered saturated N-heterocycles. The reactions utilize a simple Pd-catalyst and work with broad range of aminoenynes, aldehydes and organometallic reagents under mild reaction conditions. The products represent useful intermediates for chemical synthesis due to the versatility of the conjugated diene. Preliminary mechanistic details of the method are also revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchen Zou
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hanmin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, P. R. China
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5
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Bishop HD, Zhao Q, Uyeda C. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Zinc Metallacycles. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20152-20157. [PMID: 37695207 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions of alkynes and imines are attractive methods for the synthesis of chiral allylic amines. Mechanistically, these reactions involve oxidative cyclization of the alkyne and the imine to generate a metallacyclic intermediate, which then reacts with H2 or a H2 surrogate to form the product. As an alternative to this hydrogenolysis pathway, here we show that transmetalation to zinc can occur, forming a zinc metallacycle product. This organozinc product serves as a versatile nucleophile for carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions. Mechanistic studies based on isotopic labeling experiments and DFT calculations suggest that the key transmetalation step occurs between a Co(II) species and ZnCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden D Bishop
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christopher Uyeda
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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6
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Zheng YQ, Li CL, Liu WB, Yu ZX. DFT Study of Mechanism and Stereochemistry of Nickel-Catalyzed trans-Arylative Desymmetrizing Cyclization of Alkyne-Tethered Malononitriles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16079-16083. [PMID: 36383065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Present here is a density functional theory (DFT) study of the mechanism and origin of enantioselectivity of Ni-catalyzed desymmetric cyclization of alkyne-tethered malononitriles and aryl boronic acids. The reaction starts from transmetalation and arylnickel addition, followed by trans to cis isomerization to give cis-alkenyl nickel species. The stereodetermining step is the CN insertion, which prefers a transition state with the bystander CN group staying away from the ligand to reduce steric repulsion, and gives the final (R)-product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Zheng
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences; Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Chen-Long Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Bo Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences; Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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7
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DiPucchio RC, Rosca SC, Schafer LL. Hydroaminoalkylation for the Catalytic Addition of Amines to Alkenes or Alkynes: Diverse Mechanisms Enable Diverse Substrate Scope. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11459-11481. [PMID: 35731810 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydroaminoalkylation is a powerful, atom-economic catalytic reaction for the reaction of amines with alkenes and alkynes. This C-H functionalization reaction allows for the atom-economic alkylation of amines using simple alkenes or alkynes as the alkylating agents. This transformation has significant potential for transformative approaches in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and fine chemical industries in the preparation of selectively substituted amines and N-heterocycles and shows promise in materials science for the synthesis of functional and responsive aminated materials. Different early transition-metal, late transition-metal, and photoredox catalysts mediate hydroaminoalkylation by distinct mechanistic pathways. These mechanistic insights have resulted in the development of new catalysts and reaction conditions to realize hydroaminoalkylation with a broad range of substrates: activated and unactivated, terminal and internal, C-C double and triple bonds with aryl or alkyl primary, secondary, or tertiary amines, including N-heterocyclic amines. By deploying select catalysts with specific substrate combinations, control over regioselectivity, diastereoselectivity, and enantioselectivity has been realized. Key barriers to widespread adoption of this reaction include air and moisture sensitivity for early transition-metal catalysts as well as a heavy dependence on amine protecting or directing groups for late transition-metal or photocatalytic routes. Advances in improved catalyst robustness, substrate scope, and regio-/stereoselective reactions with early- and late transition-metal catalysts, as well as photoredox catalysis, are highlighted, and opportunities for further catalyst and reaction development are included. This perspective shows that hydroaminoalkylation has the potential to be a disruptive and transformative strategy for the synthesis of selectively substituted amines and N-heterocycles from simple amines and alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C DiPucchio
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - Sorin-Claudiu Rosca
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - Laurel L Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1
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8
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Li JY, Li L, Shi H, Lin YZ. External-Ligand-Free, Nickel-Catalyzed Alkenylation of N-Sulfonylamines with Internal Alkynes. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAllylic amines were synthesized via a nickel-catalyzed coupling reaction between various N-sulfonylamines and internal alkynes. The catalytic reaction was by-product-free and proceeded without the need for additional oxidant/reductant or activating reagent. As improvements over established methods, the present approach avoids the need for an external ligand, which increases the value of the approach with respect to atom economy, and it uses bench-stable Ni(II)Br2(dme) instead of Ni(0)(COD)2 as the source of the nickel catalyst. Mechanistic studies revealed that a catalytic amount of a strong base (i.e., KO
t
Bu) was essential for the formation of active Ni(0) catalyst, which, along with an imine intermediate, then initiated the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yue Li
- Zhejiang University
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University
| | - Lun Li
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University
| | - Hang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study
| | - Yun-Zhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University
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9
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Jiang B, Shi SL. Recent Progress in Upgrading of Alcohol and Amine via Asymmetric Dehydrogenative Coupling. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202207002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Kaper T, Geik D, Fornfeist F, Schmidtmann M, Doye S. Stereoselective Synthesis of Tertiary Allylic Amines by Titanium-Catalyzed Hydroaminoalkylation of Alkynes with Tertiary Amines. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103931. [PMID: 34936144 PMCID: PMC9303398 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Intermolecular hydroaminoalkylation reactions of symmetrical and unsymmetrical alkynes with tertiary amines take place in the presence of catalytic amounts of TiBn4, Ph3C[B(C6F5)4], and a sterically demanding aminopyridinato ligand precursor. The resulting products, synthetically and pharmaceutically useful tertiary β,γ‐disubstituted allylic amines, are formed in convincing yields and with excellent stereoselectivity. Particularly promising for future applications is the fact that even the industrial side product trimethylamine can be used as a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kaper
- Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universitat Oldenburg: Carl von Ossietzky Universitat Oldenburg, Institut für Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Dennis Geik
- Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universitat Oldenburg: Carl von Ossietzky Universitat Oldenburg, Institut für Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Felix Fornfeist
- Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universitat Oldenburg: Carl von Ossietzky Universitat Oldenburg, Institut für Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universitat Oldenburg: Carl von Ossietzky Universitat Oldenburg, Institut für Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Sven Doye
- Universitaet Oldenburg, Institut fuer Chemie, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, GERMANY
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11
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Ni-catalyzed hydroalkylation of olefins with N-sulfonyl amines. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5881. [PMID: 34620857 PMCID: PMC8497516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroalkylation, the direct addition of a C(sp3)–H bond across an olefin, is a desirable strategy to produce valuable, complex structural motifs in functional materials, pharmaceuticals, and natural products. Herein, we report a reliable method for accessing α-branched amines via nickel-catalyzed hydroalkylation reactions. Specifically, by using bis(cyclooctadiene)nickel (Ni(cod)2) together with a phosphine ligand, we achieved a formal C(sp3)–H bond insertion reaction between olefins and N-sulfonyl amines without the need for an external hydride source. The amine not only provides the alkyl motif but also delivers hydride to the olefin by means of a nickel-engaged β–hydride elimination/reductive elimination process. This method provides a platform for constructing chiral α-branched amines by using a P-chiral ligand, demonstrating its potential utility in organic synthesis. Notably, a sulfonamidyl boronate complex formed in situ under basic conditions promotes ring-opening of the azanickellacycle reaction intermediate, leading to a significant improvement of the catalytic efficiency. Catalytic addition of a carbon chain and a hydrogen across a double bond has often required an added hydride source. Here the authors show a method to add alkanes with an amino functionality to olefins, wherein a nickel catalyst uses the amine itself as the hydride source, obviating an external hydride reagent.
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12
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Ye S, Wu J. Nickel-Catalyzed Hydroalkylation of Terminal Olefins with Linear N-Sulfonyl Amines. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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