1
|
Ma Z, Fuentes-Rodriguez L, Tan Z, Pellicer E, Abad L, Herrero-Martín J, Menéndez E, Casañ-Pastor N, Sort J. Wireless magneto-ionics: voltage control of magnetism by bipolar electrochemistry. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6486. [PMID: 37838719 PMCID: PMC10576778 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of magnetic properties through voltage-driven ion motion and redox processes, i.e., magneto-ionics, is a unique approach to control magnetism with electric field for low-power memory and spintronic applications. So far, magneto-ionics has been achieved through direct electrical connections to the actuated material. Here we evidence that an alternative way to reach such control exists in a wireless manner. Induced polarization in the conducting material immersed in the electrolyte, without direct wire contact, promotes wireless bipolar electrochemistry, an alternative pathway to achieve voltage-driven control of magnetism based on the same electrochemical processes involved in direct-contact magneto-ionics. A significant tunability of magnetization is accomplished for cobalt nitride thin films, including transitions between paramagnetic and ferromagnetic states. Such effects can be either volatile or non-volatile depending on the electrochemical cell configuration. These results represent a fundamental breakthrough that may inspire future device designs for applications in bioelectronics, catalysis, neuromorphic computing, or wireless communications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ma
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Laura Fuentes-Rodriguez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona-Centre Nacional de Microelectrònica, CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zhengwei Tan
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Eva Pellicer
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Llibertat Abad
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona-Centre Nacional de Microelectrònica, CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Enric Menéndez
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Nieves Casañ-Pastor
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Sort
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee T, Jeong S, Kim S, Kim KJ. Position-reconfigurable pinning for magnetic domain wall motion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6791. [PMID: 37100838 PMCID: PMC10133296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise control of magnetic domain wall (DW) motion is crucial for DW-based spintronic devices. To date, artificially designed DW pinning sites, such as notch structures, have been used to precisely control the DW position. However, the existing DW pinning methods are not reconfigurable because they cannot change the position of pinning site after being fabricated. Herein, a novel method for attaining reconfigurable DW pinning is proposed, which relies on the dipolar interactions between two DWs located in different magnetic layers. Repulsion between DWs in both layers was observed, indicating that one of the DWs acts as a pinning barrier for the other. Because the DW is mobile in the wire, the position of pinning can be modulated, thereby resulting in reconfigurable pinning that was experimentally demonstrated for current-driven DW motion. These findings provide additional controllability of DW motion, which may expand the functionality of DW-based devices to broader spintronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taekhyeon Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeop Jeong
- Department of Physics and Energy Harvest Storage Research Center, Ulsan University, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Kim
- Department of Physics and Energy Harvest Storage Research Center, Ulsan University, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kab-Jin Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gu K, Guan Y, Hazra BK, Deniz H, Migliorini A, Zhang W, Parkin SSP. Three-dimensional racetrack memory devices designed from freestanding magnetic heterostructures. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:1065-1071. [PMID: 36138201 PMCID: PMC9576586 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of three-dimensional nanostructures is key to the development of next-generation nanoelectronic devices with a low device footprint. Magnetic racetrack memory encodes data in a series of magnetic domain walls that are moved by current pulses along magnetic nanowires. To date, most studies have focused on two-dimensional racetracks. Here we introduce a lift-off and transfer method to fabricate three-dimensional racetracks from freestanding magnetic heterostructures grown on a water-soluble sacrificial release layer. First, we create two-dimensional racetracks from freestanding films transferred onto sapphire substrates and show that they have nearly identical characteristics compared with the films before transfer. Second, we design three-dimensional racetracks by covering protrusions patterned on a sapphire wafer with freestanding magnetic heterostructures. We demonstrate current-induced domain-wall motion for synthetic antiferromagnetic three-dimensional racetracks with protrusions of up to 900 nm in height. Freestanding magnetic layers, as demonstrated here, may enable future spintronic devices with high packing density and low energy consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany.
| | - Yicheng Guan
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Hakan Deniz
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Wenjie Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|