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Miwa A, Kamiya K. Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Mediated Biomolecule Transportation in Artificial Lipid Vesicles and Living Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:3339. [PMID: 39064917 PMCID: PMC11279660 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction and homeostasis are regulated by complex protein interactions in the intracellular environment. Therefore, the transportation of impermeable macromolecules (nucleic acids, proteins, and drugs) that control protein interactions is essential for modulating cell functions and therapeutic applications. However, macromolecule transportation across the cell membrane is not easy because the cell membrane separates the intra/extracellular environments, and the types of molecular transportation are regulated by membrane proteins. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are expected to be carriers for molecular transport. CPPs can transport macromolecules into cells through endocytosis and direct translocation. The transport mechanism remains largely unclear owing to several possibilities. In this review, we describe the methods for investigating CPP conformation, translocation, and cargo transportation using artificial membranes. We also investigated biomolecular transport across living cell membranes via CPPs. Subsequently, we show not only the biochemical applications but also the synthetic biological applications of CPPs. Finally, recent progress in biomolecule and nanoparticle transportation via CPPs into specific tissues is described from the viewpoint of drug delivery. This review provides the opportunity to discuss the mechanism of biomolecule transportation through these two platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koki Kamiya
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan;
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2
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Verrillo G, Obeid AM, Genco A, Scrofani J, Orange F, Hanache S, Mignon J, Leyder T, Michaux C, Kempeneers C, Bricmont N, Herkenne S, Vernos I, Martin M, Mottet D. Non-canonical role for the BAF complex subunit DPF3 in mitosis and ciliogenesis. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261744. [PMID: 38661008 PMCID: PMC11166463 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
DPF3, along with other subunits, is a well-known component of the BAF chromatin remodeling complex, which plays a key role in regulating chromatin remodeling activity and gene expression. Here, we elucidated a non-canonical localization and role for DPF3. We showed that DPF3 dynamically localizes to the centriolar satellites in interphase and to the centrosome, spindle midzone and bridging fiber area, and midbodies during mitosis. Loss of DPF3 causes kinetochore fiber instability, unstable kinetochore-microtubule attachment and defects in chromosome alignment, resulting in altered mitotic progression, cell death and genomic instability. In addition, we also demonstrated that DPF3 localizes to centriolar satellites at the base of primary cilia and is required for ciliogenesis by regulating axoneme extension. Taken together, these findings uncover a moonlighting dual function for DPF3 during mitosis and ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Verrillo
- University of Liege, GIGA – Research Institute, Molecular Analysis of Gene Expression (MAGE) Laboratory, B34, Avenue de l'Hôpital, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Anna Maria Obeid
- University of Liege, GIGA – Research Institute, Molecular Analysis of Gene Expression (MAGE) Laboratory, B34, Avenue de l'Hôpital, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexia Genco
- University of Liege, GIGA – Research Institute, Molecular Analysis of Gene Expression (MAGE) Laboratory, B34, Avenue de l'Hôpital, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jacopo Scrofani
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - François Orange
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée (CCMA), 06100 Nice, France
| | - Sarah Hanache
- University of Liege, GIGA – Research Institute, Molecular Analysis of Gene Expression (MAGE) Laboratory, B34, Avenue de l'Hôpital, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Julien Mignon
- University of Namur, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Biomolecules, Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale (UCPTS), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Tanguy Leyder
- University of Namur, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Biomolecules, Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale (UCPTS), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Catherine Michaux
- University of Namur, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Biomolecules, Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale (UCPTS), Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Céline Kempeneers
- University of Liege, Pneumology Laboratory, I3 Group, GIGA Research Center, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- Division of Respirology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Noëmie Bricmont
- University of Liege, Pneumology Laboratory, I3 Group, GIGA Research Center, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- Division of Respirology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Herkenne
- University of Liege, GIGA-Cancer, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Cell Communication, B34, Avenue de l'Hôpital, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Vernos
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08002, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Maud Martin
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Signaling, Department of Molecular Biology, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Denis Mottet
- University of Liege, GIGA – Research Institute, Molecular Analysis of Gene Expression (MAGE) Laboratory, B34, Avenue de l'Hôpital, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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3
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Li J, Yang F, Wang Z, Zheng S, Zhang S, Wang C, He B, Wang J, Wang H. METTL16-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification of Soga1 enables proper chromosome segregation and chromosomal stability in colorectal cancer. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13590. [PMID: 38084791 PMCID: PMC11056707 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2024] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal modification in mammalian messenger RNAs and is associated with numerous biological processes. However, its role in chromosomal instability remains to be established. Here, we report that an RNA m6A methyltransferase, METTL16, plays an indispensable role in the progression of chromosome segregation and is required to preserve chromosome stability in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Depletion or inhibition of the methyltransferase activity of METTL16 results in abnormal kinetochore-microtubule attachment during mitosis, leading to delayed mitosis, lagging chromosomes, chromosome mis-segregation and chromosomal instability. Mechanistically, METTL16 exerts its oncogenic effects by enhancing the expression of suppressor of glucose by autophagy 1 (Soga1) in an m6A-dependent manner. CDK1 phosphorylates Soga1, thereby triggering its direct interaction with the polo box domain of PLK1. This interaction facilitates PLK1 activation and promotes mitotic progression. Therefore, targeting the METTL16-Soga1 pathway may provide a potential treatment strategy against CRC because of its essential role in maintaining chromosomal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Li
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College)WuhuChina
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Siqing Zheng
- School of PharmacyAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Bing He
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Jia‐Bei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHeifeiChina
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
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4
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Dai X, Liu X, Ge F, Zhu H, Zheng C, Yan F, Yang B. The effect of PLK1 inhibitor in osimertinib resistant non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 52:558-566. [PMID: 37899396 PMCID: PMC10630054 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of PLK1 inhibitors on osimertinib-resistant non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells and the anti-tumor effect combined with osimertinib. METHODS An osimertinib resistant NCI-H1975 cell line was induced by exposure to gradually increasing drug concentrations. Osimertinib-resistant cells were co-treated with compounds from classical tumor pathway inhibitor library and osimertinib to screen for compounds with synergistic effects with osimertinib. The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to investigate the activated signaling pathways in osimertinib-resistant cells; sulforhodamine B (SRB) staining was used to investigate the effect of PLK1 inhibitors on osimertinib-resistant cells and the synergistic effect of PLK1 inhibitors combined with osimertinib. RESULTS Osimertinib-resistance in NCI-H1975 cell (resistance index=43.45) was successfully established. The PLK1 inhibitors GSK 461364 and BI 2536 had synergistic effect with osimertinib. Compared with osimertinib-sensitive cells, PLK1 regulatory pathway and cell cycle pathway were significantly activated in osimertinib-resistant cells. In NSCLC patients with epidermal growth factor receptor mutations treated with osimertinib, PLK1 mRNA levels were negatively correlated with progression free survival of patients (R=-0.62, P<0.05), indicating that excessive activation of PLK1 in NSCLC cells may cause cell resistant to osimertinib. Further in vitro experiments showed that IC50 of PLK1 inhibitors BI 6727 and GSK 461364 in osimertinib-resistant cells were lower than those in sensitive ones. Compared with the mono treatment of osimertinib, PLK1 inhibitors combined with osimertinib behaved significantly stronger effect on the proliferation of osimertinib-resistant cells. CONCLUSIONS PLK1 inhibitors have a synergistic effect with osimertinib on osimertinib-resistant NSCLC cells which indicates that they may have potential clinical value in the treatment of NSCLC patients with osimertinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Dai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiangning Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Fujing Ge
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongdao Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Churun Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fangjie Yan
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Li J, Zhao J, Gan X, Wang Y, Jiang D, Chen L, Wang F, Xu J, Pei H, Huang J, Chen X. The RPA-RNF20-SNF2H cascade promotes proper chromosome segregation and homologous recombination repair. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303479120. [PMID: 37155876 PMCID: PMC10193940 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303479120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The human tumor suppressor Ring finger protein 20 (RNF20)-mediated histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub) is essential for proper chromosome segregation and DNA repair. However, what is the precise function and mechanism of RNF20-H2Bub in chromosome segregation and how this pathway is activated to preserve genome stability remain unknown. Here, we show that the single-strand DNA-binding factor Replication protein A (RPA) interacts with RNF20 mainly in the S and G2/M phases and recruits RNF20 to mitotic centromeres in a centromeric R-loop-dependent manner. In parallel, RPA recruits RNF20 to chromosomal breaks upon DNA damage. Disruption of the RPA-RNF20 interaction or depletion of RNF20 increases mitotic lagging chromosomes and chromosome bridges and impairs BRCA1 and RAD51 loading and homologous recombination repair, leading to elevated chromosome breaks, genome instability, and sensitivities to DNA-damaging agents. Mechanistically, the RPA-RNF20 pathway promotes local H2Bub, H3K4 dimethylation, and subsequent SNF2H recruitment, ensuring proper Aurora B kinase activation at centromeres and efficient loading of repair proteins at DNA breaks. Thus, the RPA-RNF20-SNF2H cascade plays a broad role in preserving genome stability by coupling H2Bub to chromosome segregation and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Centre of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Centre of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoli Gan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Centre of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Centre of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Donghao Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Centre of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Centre of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fangwei Wang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingyan Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huadong Pei
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057
| | - Jun Huang
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Frontier Science Centre of Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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6
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Qian W, Li H, Zhang X, Tang Y, Yuan D, Huang Z, Cheng D. Fzr regulates silk gland growth by promoting endoreplication and protein synthesis in the silkworm. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010602. [PMID: 36652497 PMCID: PMC9886304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Silkworm silk gland cells undergo endoreplicating cycle and rapid growth during the larval period, and synthesize massive silk proteins for silk production. In this study, we demonstrated that a binary transgenic CRISPR/Cas9 approach-mediated Fzr mutation in silkworm posterior silk gland (PSG) cells caused an arrest of silk gland growth and a decrease in silk production. Mechanistically, PSG-specific Fzr mutation blocked endoreplication progression by inducing an expression dysregulation of several cyclin proteins and DNA replication-related regulators. Moreover, based on label-free quantitative proteome analysis, we showed in PSG cells that Fzr mutation-induced decrease in the levels of cyclin proteins and silk proteins was likely due to an inhibition of the ribosome biogenesis pathway associated with mRNA translation, and/or an enhance of the ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation pathway. Rbin-1 inhibitor-mediated blocking of ribosomal biogenesis pathway decreased DNA replication in PSG cells and silk production. Altogether, our results reveal that Fzr positively regulates PSG growth and silk production in silkworm by promoting endoreplication and protein synthesis in PSG cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing engineering and technology research center for novel silk materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (WQ); (DC)
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing engineering and technology research center for novel silk materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing engineering and technology research center for novel silk materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaohao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing engineering and technology research center for novel silk materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongqin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing engineering and technology research center for novel silk materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing engineering and technology research center for novel silk materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daojun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing engineering and technology research center for novel silk materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (WQ); (DC)
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Min S, Ji JH, Heo Y, Cho H. Transcriptional regulation and chromatin dynamics at DNA double-strand breaks. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1705-1712. [PMID: 36229590 PMCID: PMC9636152 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00862-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, DNA damage can occur at any time and at any chromatin locus, including loci at which active transcription is taking place. DNA double-strand breaks affect chromatin integrity and elicit a DNA damage response to facilitate repair of the DNA lesion. Actively transcribed genes near DNA lesions are transiently suppressed by crosstalk between DNA damage response factors and polycomb repressive complexes. Epigenetic modulation of the chromatin environment also contributes to efficient DNA damage response signaling and transcriptional repression. On the other hand, RNA transcripts produced in the G1 phase, as well as the active chromatin context of the lesion, appear to drive homologous recombination repair. Here, we discuss how the ISWI family of chromatin remodeling factors coordinates the DNA damage response and transcriptional repression, especially in transcriptionally active regions, highlighting the direct modulation of the epigenetic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunwoo Min
- grid.251916.80000 0004 0532 3933Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499 Korea ,grid.251916.80000 0004 0532 3933Genomic Instability Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499 Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Ji
- grid.267309.90000 0001 0629 5880Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, Texas, 78229-3000 USA
| | - Yungyeong Heo
- grid.251916.80000 0004 0532 3933Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499 Korea ,grid.251916.80000 0004 0532 3933Genomic Instability Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499 Korea
| | - Hyeseong Cho
- grid.251916.80000 0004 0532 3933Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499 Korea ,grid.251916.80000 0004 0532 3933Genomic Instability Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499 Korea
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8
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Kim T. Recent Progress on the Localization of PLK1 to the Kinetochore and Its Role in Mitosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095252. [PMID: 35563642 PMCID: PMC9102930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate distribution of the replicated genome during cell division is essential for cell survival and healthy organismal development. Errors in this process have catastrophic consequences, such as birth defects and aneuploidy, a hallmark of cancer cells. PLK1 is one of the master kinases in mitosis and has multiple functions, including mitotic entry, chromosome segregation, spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis. To dissect the role of PLK1 in mitosis, it is important to understand how PLK1 localizes in the specific region in cells. PLK1 localizes at the kinetochore and is essential in spindle assembly checkpoint and chromosome segregation. However, how PLK1 localizes at the kinetochore remains elusive. Here, we review the recent literature on the kinetochore recruitment mechanisms of PLK1 and its roles in spindle assembly checkpoint and attachment between kinetochores and spindle microtubules. Together, this review provides an overview of how the local distribution of PLK1 could regulate major pathways in mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taekyung Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
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Wellard SR, Skinner MW, Zhao X, Shults C, Jordan PW. PLK1 depletion alters homologous recombination and synaptonemal complex disassembly events during mammalian spermatogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar37. [PMID: 35274968 PMCID: PMC9282006 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-03-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is an essential meiotic process that contributes to the genetic variation of offspring and ensures accurate chromosome segregation. Recombination is facilitated by the formation and repair of programmed DNA double-strand breaks. These DNA breaks are repaired via recombination between maternal and paternal homologous chromosomes and a subset result in the formation of crossovers. HR and crossover formation is facilitated by synapsis of homologous chromosomes by a proteinaceous scaffold structure known as the synaptonemal complex (SC). Recent studies in yeast and worms have indicated that polo-like kinases (PLKs) regulate several events during meiosis, including DNA recombination and SC dynamics. Mammals express four active PLKs (PLK1-4), and our previous work assessing localization and kinase function in mouse spermatocytes suggested that PLK1 coordinates nuclear events during meiotic prophase. Therefore, we conditionally mutated Plk1 in early prophase spermatocytes and assessed stages of HR, crossover formation, and SC processes. Plk1 mutation resulted in increased RPA foci and reduced RAD51/DMC1 foci during zygonema, and an increase of both class I and class II crossover events. Furthermore, the disassembly of SC lateral elements was aberrant. Our results highlight the importance of PLK1 in regulating HR and SC disassembly during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R. Wellard
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Marnie W. Skinner
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Xueqi Zhao
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Chris Shults
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Philip W. Jordan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
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