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Herzog C, Jones A, Evans I, Raut JR, Zikan M, Cibula D, Wong A, Brenner H, Richmond RC, Widschwendter M. Cigarette Smoking and E-cigarette Use Induce Shared DNA Methylation Changes Linked to Carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2024; 84:1898-1914. [PMID: 38503267 PMCID: PMC11148547 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco use is a major modifiable risk factor for adverse health outcomes, including cancer, and elicits profound epigenetic changes thought to be associated with long-term cancer risk. While electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been advocated as harm reduction alternatives to tobacco products, recent studies have revealed potential detrimental effects, highlighting the urgent need for further research into the molecular and health impacts of e-cigarettes. Here, we applied computational deconvolution methods to dissect the cell- and tissue-specific epigenetic effects of tobacco or e-cigarette use on DNA methylation (DNAme) in over 3,500 buccal/saliva, cervical, or blood samples, spanning epithelial and immune cells at directly and indirectly exposed sites. The 535 identified smoking-related DNAme loci [cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites (CpG)] clustered into four functional groups, including detoxification or growth signaling, based on cell type and anatomic site. Loci hypermethylated in buccal epithelial cells of smokers associated with NOTCH1/RUNX3/growth factor receptor signaling also exhibited elevated methylation in cancer tissue and progressing lung carcinoma in situ lesions, and hypermethylation of these sites predicted lung cancer development in buccal samples collected from smokers up to 22 years prior to diagnosis, suggesting a potential role in driving carcinogenesis. Alarmingly, these CpGs were also hypermethylated in e-cigarette users with a limited smoking history. This study sheds light on the cell type-specific changes to the epigenetic landscape induced by smoking-related products. SIGNIFICANCE The use of both cigarettes and e-cigarettes elicits cell- and exposure-specific epigenetic effects that are predictive of carcinogenesis, suggesting caution when broadly recommending e-cigarettes as aids for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Herzog
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Institute for Biomedical Aging, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Allison Jones
- Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iona Evans
- Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janhavi R Raut
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michal Zikan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Faculty of Medicine and Hospital Na Bulovce, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Cibula
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Widschwendter
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Institute for Biomedical Aging, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Gao T, Sang X, Huang X, Gu P, Liu J, Liu Y, Zhang N. Macrophage-camouflaged epigenetic nanoinducers enhance chemoimmunotherapy in triple negative breast cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4305-4317. [PMID: 37799382 PMCID: PMC10548052 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoimmunotherapy has been approved as standard treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but the clinical outcomes remain unsatisfied. Abnormal epigenetic regulation is associated with acquired drug resistance and T cell exhaustion, which is a critical factor for the poor response to chemoimmunotherapy in TNBC. Herein, macrophage-camouflaged nanoinducers co-loaded with paclitaxel (PTX) and decitabine (DAC) (P/D-mMSNs) were prepared in combination with PD-1 blockade therapy, hoping to improve the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy through the demethylation of tumor tissue. Camouflage of macrophage vesicle confers P/D-mMSNs with tumor-homing properties. First, DAC can achieve demethylation of tumor tissue and enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to PTX. Subsequently, PTX induces immunogenic death of tumor cells, promotes phagocytosis of dead cells by dendritic cells, and recruits cytotoxic T cells to infiltrate tumors. Finally, DAC reverses T cell depletion and facilitates immune checkpoint blockade therapy. P/D-mMSNs may be a promising candidate for future drug delivery design and cancer combination therapy in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiao Sang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xinyan Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Panpan Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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3
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Herzog C, Jones A, Evans I, Zikan M, Cibula D, Harbeck N, Colombo N, Rådestad AF, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Pashayan N, Widschwendter M. DNA methylation at quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) varies with cell type and nonheritable factors and may improve breast cancer risk assessment. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:99. [PMID: 37758816 PMCID: PMC10533818 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To individualise breast cancer (BC) prevention, markers to follow a person's changing environment and health extending beyond static genetic risk scores are required. Here, we analysed cervical and breast DNA methylation (n = 1848) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (n = 1442) and demonstrate that a linear combination of methylation levels at 104 BC-associated methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL) CpGs, termed the WID™-qtBC index, can identify women with breast cancer in hormone-sensitive tissues (AUC = 0.71 [95% CI: 0.65-0.77] in cervical samples). Women in the highest combined risk group (high polygenic risk score and WID™-qtBC) had a 9.6-fold increased risk for BC [95% CI: 4.7-21] compared to the low-risk group and tended to present at more advanced stages. Importantly, the WID™-qtBC is influenced by non-genetic BC risk factors, including age and body mass index, and can be modified by a preventive pharmacological intervention, indicating an interaction between genome and environment recorded at the level of the epigenome. Our findings indicate that methylation levels at mQTLs in relevant surrogate tissues could enable integration of heritable and non-heritable factors for improved disease risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Herzog
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Milser Str. 10, 6060, Hall in Tirol, Austria
- Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Allison Jones
- Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, Medical School Building, Room 340, 74 Huntley Street, WC1E 6AU, London, UK
| | - Iona Evans
- Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, Medical School Building, Room 340, 74 Huntley Street, WC1E 6AU, London, UK
| | - Michal Zikan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and Hospital Na Bulovce, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Cibula
- Gynaecologic Oncology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nadia Harbeck
- Breast Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and CCC Munich, LMU University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicoletta Colombo
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Nora Pashayan
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Widschwendter
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Milser Str. 10, 6060, Hall in Tirol, Austria.
- Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
- Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, Medical School Building, Room 340, 74 Huntley Street, WC1E 6AU, London, UK.
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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4
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Peng S, Zhang X, Wu Y. Potential applications of DNA methylation testing technology in female tumors and screening methods. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188941. [PMID: 37329994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is a common epigenetic modification, and the current commonly used methods for DNA methylation detection include methylation-specific PCR, methylation-sensitive restriction endonuclease-PCR, and methylation-specific sequencing. DNA methylation plays an important role in genomic and epigenomic studies, and combining DNA methylation with other epigenetic modifications, such as histone modifications, may lead to better DNA methylation. DNA methylation also plays an important role in the development of disease, and analyzing changes in individual DNA methylation patterns can provide individualized diagnostic and therapeutic solutions. Liquid biopsy techniques are also increasingly well established in clinical practice and may provide new methods for early cancer screening. It is important to find new screening methods that are easy to perform, minimally invasive, patient-friendly, and affordable. DNA methylation mechanisms are thought to have an important role in cancer and have potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of female tumors. This review discussed early detection targets and screening methods for common female tumors such as breast, ovarian, and cervical cancers and discussed advances in the study of DNA methylation in these tumors. Although existing screening, diagnostic, and treatment modalities exist, the high morbidity and mortality rates of these tumors remain challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixuan Peng
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of The First People's Hospital of Xiangtan City, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Xiangtan City, 100 Shuyuan Road, 411100 Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of The First People's Hospital of Xiangtan City, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Xiangtan City, 100 Shuyuan Road, 411100 Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Xiangtan City, 100 Shuyuan Road, 411100 Xiangtan, Hunan Province, China.
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5
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Li F, Liu S, Li K, Zhang Y, Duan M, Yao Z, Zhu G, Guo Y, Wang Y, Huang L, Zhou F. EpiTEAmDNA: Sequence feature representation via transfer learning and ensemble learning for identifying multiple DNA epigenetic modification types across species. Comput Biol Med 2023; 160:107030. [PMID: 37196456 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Methylation is a major DNA epigenetic modification for regulating the biological processes without altering the DNA sequence, and multiple types of DNA methylations have been discovered, including 6mA, 5hmC, and 4mC. Multiple computational approaches were developed to automatically identify the DNA methylation residues using machine learning or deep learning algorithms. The machine learning (ML) based methods are difficult to be transferred to the other predicting tasks of the DNA methylation sites using additional knowledge. Deep learning (DL) may facilitate the transfer learning of knowledge from similar tasks, but they are often ineffective on small datasets. This study proposes an integrated feature representation framework EpiTEAmDNA based on the strategies of transfer learning and ensemble learning, which is evaluated on multiple DNA methylation types across 15 species. EpiTEAmDNA integrates convolutional neural network (CNN) and conventional machine learning methods, and shows improved performances than the existing DL-based methods on small datasets when no additional knowledge is available. The experimental data suggests that the EpiTEAmDNA models may be further improved via transfer learning based on additional knowledge. The evaluation experiments on the independent test datasets also suggest that the proposed EpiTEAmDNA framework outperforms the existing models in most prediction tasks of the 3 DNA methylation types across 15 species. The source code, pre-trained global model, and the EpiTEAmDNA feature representation framework are freely available at http://www.healthinformaticslab.org/supp/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China; College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China; College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Kewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China; College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China; College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Meiyu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China; College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China.
| | - Zhaomin Yao
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110167, China
| | - Gancheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China; College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Yutong Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China; College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China; College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Fengfeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China; College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China.
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6
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Barrett JE, Jones A, Evans I, Herzog C, Reisel D, Olaitan A, Mould T, MacDonald N, Doufekas K, Newton C, Crosbie EJ, Bjørge L, Colombo N, Dostalek L, Costas L, Peremiquel-Trillas P, Ponce J, Matias-Guiu X, Zikan M, Cibula D, Wang J, Sundström K, Dillner J, Widschwendter M. The WID-EC test for the detection and risk prediction of endometrial cancer. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:1977-1988. [PMID: 36533702 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of endometrial cancer is rising. Measures to identify women at risk and to detect endometrial cancer earlier are required to reduce the morbidity triggered by the aggressive treatment required for advanced endometrial cancer. We developed the WID-EC (Women's cancer risk IDentification-Endometrial Cancer) test, which is based on DNA methylation at 500 CpG sites, in a discovery set of cervical liquid-based cytology samples from 1086 women with and without an endometrial cancer (217 cancer cases and 869 healthy controls) with a worse prognosis (grade 3 or ≥stage IB). We validated the WID-EC test in an independent external validation set of 64 endometrial cancer cases and 225 controls. We further validated the test in 150 healthy women (prospective set) who provided a cervical sample as part of the routine Swedish cervical screening programme, 54 of whom developed endometrial cancer within 3 years of sample collection. The WID-EC test identified women with endometrial cancer with a receiver operator characteristic area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88-0.97) in the external set and of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74-0.89) in the prospective validation set. Using an optimal cutoff, cancer cases were detected with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 90% in the external validation set, and a sensitivity and specificity of 52% and 98% respectively in the prospective validation set. The WID-EC test can identify women with or at risk of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Barrett
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Hall in Tirol, Austria.,Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.,Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Allison Jones
- Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Iona Evans
- Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chiara Herzog
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Daniel Reisel
- Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adeola Olaitan
- Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Mould
- Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicola MacDonald
- Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Konstantinos Doufekas
- Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Newton
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.,University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma J Crosbie
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Division of Gynaecology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Line Bjørge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nicoletta Colombo
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy.,University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Lukas Dostalek
- Hospital Na Bulovce, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laura Costas
- Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics in Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Peremiquel-Trillas
- Unit of Molecular Epidemiology and Genetics in Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Ponce
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL. Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, CIBERONC. Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michal Zikan
- Hospital Na Bulovce, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Cibula
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General University Hospital in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiangrong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Sundström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Dillner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Widschwendter
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Hall in Tirol, Austria.,Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.,Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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7
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Schreiberhuber L, Herzog C, Vavourakis CD, Redl E, Kastner C, Jones A, Evans I, Zikan M, Cibula D, Widschwendter P, Pfau K, Math B, Seewald M, Amory S, Obrist P, Widschwendter M. The WID-qEC test: Performance in a hospital-based cohort and feasibility to detect endometrial and cervical cancers. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:1269-1274. [PMID: 36056582 PMCID: PMC10092332 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The majority of endometrial and cervical cancers present with abnormal vaginal bleeding but only a small proportion of women suffering from vaginal bleeding actually have such a cancer. A simple, operator-independent and accurate test to correctly identify women presenting with abnormal bleeding as a consequence of endometrial or cervical cancer is urgently required. We have recently developed and validated the WID-qEC test, which assesses DNA methylation of ZSCAN12 and GYPC via real-time PCR, to triage women with symptoms suggestive of endometrial cancer using ThinPrep-based liquid cytology samples. Here, we investigated whether the WID-qEC test can additionally identify women with cervical cancer. Moreover, we evaluate the test's applicability in a SurePath-based hospital-cohort by comparing its ability to detect endometrial and cervical cancer to cytology. In a set of 23 cervical cancer cases and 28 matched controls the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) is 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97-1.00) with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 92.9%, respectively. Amongst the hospital-cohort (n = 330), the ROC AUC is 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98-1) with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 82.5% for the WID-qEC test, respectively, and 33.3% and 96.9% for cytology (considering PAP IV/V as positive). Our data suggest that the WID-qEC test detects both endometrial and cervical cancer with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Schreiberhuber
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Chiara Herzog
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Charlotte D Vavourakis
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elisa Redl
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christine Kastner
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Allison Jones
- Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Iona Evans
- Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michal Zikan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and Bulovka University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Cibula
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Widschwendter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital Hall, Tirol Kliniken, Hall in Tirol, Austria.,Danube Private University (DPU), Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Karin Pfau
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital Hall, Tirol Kliniken, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin Widschwendter
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital Hall, Tirol Kliniken, Hall in Tirol, Austria.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Lehtinen M, Pimenoff VN, Nedjai B, Louvanto K, Verhoef L, Heideman DAM, El‐Zein M, Widschwendter M, Dillner J. Assessing the risk of cervical neoplasia in the post-HPV vaccination era. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:1060-1068. [PMID: 36093582 PMCID: PMC10091767 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This review is based on the recent EUROGIN scientific session: "Assessing risk of cervical cancer in the post-vaccination era," which addressed the demands of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)/squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) triage now that the prevalence of vaccine-targeted oncogenic high-risk (hr) human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is decreasing. Change in the prevalence distribution of oncogenic HPV types that follows national HPV vaccination programs is setting the stage for loss of positive predictive value of conventional but possibly also new triage modalities. Understanding the contribution of the latter, most notably hypermethylation of cellular and viral genes in a new setting where most oncogenic HPV types are no longer present, requires studies on their performance in vaccinated women with CIN/SIL that are associated with nonvaccine HPV types. Lessons learned from this research may highlight the potential of cervical cells for risk prediction of all women's cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Lehtinen
- Medical FacultyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Ville N. Pimenoff
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Belinda Nedjai
- Wolfson Institute of Population HealthQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Karolina Louvanto
- Medical FacultyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Lisanne Verhoef
- Department of PathologyAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and BiomarkersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle A. M. Heideman
- Department of PathologyAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and BiomarkersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mariam El‐Zein
- Division of Cancer EpidemiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Martin Widschwendter
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) InstituteUniversität InnsbruckHall in TirolAustria
- Research Institute for Biomedical Aging ResearchUniversität InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
- Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and GynecologyKarolinska Institute and Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Joakim Dillner
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
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9
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Cui S, Liu W, Wang W, Miao K, Guan X. Advances in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Minimal Residual Lesions of Breast Cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154428. [PMID: 37028109 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the latest research of minimal residual disease (MRD) in breast cancer as well as some emerging or potential detection methods for MRD in breast cancer. METHODS Springer, Wiley, and PubMed databases were searched for the electronic literature with search terms of breast cancer, minimal residual disease, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), exosomes, etc. RESULTS: Minimal residual disease refers to the occult micrometastasis or minimal residual lesions detected in patients with tumor after radical treatment. An early and dynamic monitoring of breast cancer MRD can contribute to clinical treatment decision-making, improving the diagnosis accuracy and prognosis of breast cancer patients. The updated knowledge regarding MRD in breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis were summarized, followed by the review of several emerging or potential detection technologies for MRD in breast cancer. With the developed new MRD detection technologies referring to CTCs, ctDNA and exosomes, the role of MRD in breast cancer has been growingly verified, which is expected to serve as a new risk stratification factor and prognostic indicator for breast cancer. CONCLUSION This paper systematically reviews the research progress, opportunities and challenges in MRD in breast cancer in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Cui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weici Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Keyan Miao
- Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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Herzog C, Vavourakis CD, Barrett JE, Karbon G, Villunger A, Wang J, Sundström K, Dillner J, Widschwendter M. HPV-induced host epigenetic reprogramming is lost upon progression to high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:2321-2330. [PMID: 36810770 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The impact of a pathogen on host disease can only be studied in samples covering the entire spectrum of pathogenesis. Persistent oncogenic human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the most common cause for cervical cancer. Here, we investigate HPV-induced host epigenome-wide changes prior to development of cytological abnormalities. Using cervical sample methylation array data from disease-free women with or without an oncogenic HPV infection, we develop the WID (Women's cancer risk identification)-HPV, a signature reflective of changes in the healthy host epigenome related to high-risk HPV strains (AUC = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.72-0.85, in nondiseased women). Looking at HPV-associated changes across disease development, HPV-infected women with minor cytological alterations (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1/2, CIN1/2), but surprisingly not those with precancerous changes or invasive cervical cancer (CIN3+), show an increased WID-HPV index, indicating the WID-HPV may reflect a successful viral clearance response absent in progression to cancer. Further investigation revealed the WID-HPV is positively associated with apoptosis (ρ = 0.48; P < .001) and negatively associated with epigenetic replicative age (ρ = -0.43; P < .001). Taken together, our data suggest the WID-HPV captures a clearance response associated with apoptosis of HPV-infected cells. This response may be dampened or lost with increased underlying replicative age of infected cells, resulting in progression to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Herzog
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Hall in Tirol, Tirol, Austria.,Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria
| | - Charlotte D Vavourakis
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Hall in Tirol, Tirol, Austria.,Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria
| | - James E Barrett
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Hall in Tirol, Tirol, Austria.,Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria
| | - Gerlinde Karbon
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jiangrong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Sundström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Dillner
- Karolinska University Laboratory, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Widschwendter
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Hall in Tirol, Tirol, Austria.,Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
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11
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Herzog C, Sundström K, Jones A, Evans I, Barrett JE, Wang J, Redl E, Schreiberhuber L, Costas L, Paytubi S, Dostalek L, Zikan M, Cibula D, Sroczynski G, Siebert U, Dillner J, Widschwendter M. DNA methylation-based detection and prediction of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 and invasive cervical cancer with the WID™-qCIN test. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:150. [PMID: 36414968 PMCID: PMC9682674 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical screening using primary human papilloma virus (HPV) testing and cytology is being implemented in several countries. Cytology as triage for colposcopy referral suffers from several shortcomings. HPV testing overcomes some of these but lacks specificity in women under 30. Here, we aimed to develop and validate an automatable triage test that is highly sensitive and specific independently of age and sample heterogeneity, and predicts progression to CIN3+ in HPV+ patients. RESULTS The WID™-qCIN, assessing three regions in human genes DPP6, RALYL, and GSX1, was validated in both a diagnostic (case-control) and predictive setting (nested case-control), in a total of 761 samples. Using a predefined threshold, the sensitivity of the WID™-qCIN test was 100% and 78% to detect invasive cancer and CIN3, respectively. Sensitivity to detect CIN3+ was 65% and 83% for women < and ≥ 30 years of age. The specificity was 90%. Importantly, the WID™-qCIN test identified 52% of ≥ 30-year-old women with a cytology negative (cyt-) index sample who were diagnosed with CIN3 1-4 years after sample donation. CONCLUSION We identified suitable DNAme regions in an epigenome-wide discovery using HPV+ controls and CIN3+ cases and established the WID™-qCIN, a PCR-based DNAme test. The WID™-qCIN test has a high sensitivity and specificity that may outperform conventional cervical triage tests and can in an objective, cheap, and scalable fashion identify most women with and at risk of (pre-)invasive cervical cancer. However, evaluation was limited to case-control settings and future studies will assess performance and generalisability in a randomised controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Herzog
- grid.5771.40000 0001 2151 8122European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Milser Straße 10, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria ,grid.5771.40000 0001 2151 8122Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karin Sundström
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Medical Diagnostics Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Allison Jones
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Women’s Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, 74 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6AU UK
| | - Iona Evans
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Women’s Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, 74 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6AU UK
| | - James E. Barrett
- grid.5771.40000 0001 2151 8122European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Milser Straße 10, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria ,grid.5771.40000 0001 2151 8122Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jiangrong Wang
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisa Redl
- grid.5771.40000 0001 2151 8122European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Milser Straße 10, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria ,grid.5771.40000 0001 2151 8122Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lena Schreiberhuber
- grid.5771.40000 0001 2151 8122European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Milser Straße 10, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria ,grid.5771.40000 0001 2151 8122Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laura Costas
- grid.418701.b0000 0001 2097 8389Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology. IDIBELL, Av Gran Vía 199-203, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.466571.70000 0004 1756 6246Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP, Carlos III Institute of Health, Av. De Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Paytubi
- grid.418701.b0000 0001 2097 8389Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology. IDIBELL, Av Gran Vía 199-203, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lukas Dostalek
- grid.411798.20000 0000 9100 9940Gynaecologic Oncology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Zikan
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Faculty of Medicine and Hospital Na Bulovce, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Cibula
- grid.411798.20000 0000 9100 9940Gynaecologic Oncology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gaby Sroczynski
- grid.41719.3a0000 0000 9734 7019Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT TIROL – University for Health Sciences and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Uwe Siebert
- grid.41719.3a0000 0000 9734 7019Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, UMIT TIROL – University for Health Sciences and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria ,Center for Health Decision Science, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XInstitute for Technology Assessment and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Joakim Dillner
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Medical Diagnostics Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Widschwendter
- grid.5771.40000 0001 2151 8122European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Milser Straße 10, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria ,grid.5771.40000 0001 2151 8122Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Women’s Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, 74 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6AU UK ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Herzog C, Marín F, Jones A, Evans I, Reisel D, Redl E, Schreiberhuber L, Paytubi S, Pelegrina B, Carmona Á, Peremiquel-Trillas P, Frias-Gomez J, Pineda M, Brunet J, Ponce J, Matias-Guiu X, de Sanjosé S, Alemany L, Olaitan A, Wong M, Jurkovic D, Crosbie EJ, Rosenthal AN, Bjørge L, Zikan M, Dostalek L, Cibula D, Sundström K, Dillner J, Costas L, Widschwendter M. A Simple Cervicovaginal Epigenetic Test for Screening and Rapid Triage of Women With Suspected Endometrial Cancer: Validation in Several Cohort and Case/Control Sets. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:3828-3838. [PMID: 36001862 PMCID: PMC9671754 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Endometrial cancer (EC) incidence has been rising over the past 10 years. Delays in diagnosis reduce survival and necessitate more aggressive treatment. We aimed to develop and validate a simple, noninvasive, and reliable triage test for EC to reduce the number of invasive diagnostic procedures and improve patient survival. METHODS We developed a test to screen and triage women with suspected EC using 726 cervical smear samples from women with and without EC, and validated the test in 562 cervicovaginal samples using three different collection methods (cervical smear: n = 248; vaginal swab: n = 63; and self-collection: n = 251) and four different settings (case/control: n = 388; cohort of women presenting with postmenopausal bleeding: n = 63; a cohort of high-risk women with Lynch syndrome: n = 25; and a nested case/control setting from a screening cohort and samples taken up to 3 years before EC diagnosis: n = 86). RESULTS We describe the Women's cancer risk IDentification - quantitative polymerase chain reaction test for Endometrial Cancer (WID-qEC), a three-marker test that evaluates DNA methylation in gene regions of GYPC and ZSCAN12. In cervical, self-collected, and vaginal swab samples derived from symptomatic patients, it detected EC with sensitivities of 97.2% (95% CI, 90.2 to 99.7), 90.1% (83.6 to 94.6), and 100% (63.1 to 100), respectively, and specificities of 75.8% (63.6 to 85.5), 86.7% (79.3 to 92.2), and 89.1% (77.8 to 95.9), respectively. The WID-qEC identified 90.9% (95% CI, 70.8 to 98.9) of EC cases in samples predating diagnosis up to 1 year. Test performance was similar across menopausal status, age, stage, grade, ethnicity, and histology. CONCLUSION The WID-qEC is a noninvasive reliable test for triage of women with symptoms suggestive of ECs. Because of the potential for self-collection, it could improve early diagnosis and reduce the reliance for in-person visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Herzog
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fátima Marín
- Hereditary Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, ONCOBELL Program, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cancer—CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Allison Jones
- Department of Women's Cancer, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iona Evans
- Department of Women's Cancer, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Reisel
- Department of Women's Cancer, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Redl
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lena Schreiberhuber
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sonia Paytubi
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pelegrina
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Carmona
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Peremiquel-Trillas
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jon Frias-Gomez
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pineda
- Hereditary Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, ONCOBELL Program, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cancer—CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- Hereditary Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, ONCOBELL Program, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cancer—CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain,Hereditary Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi Ponce
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cancer—CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain,Department of Gynecology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cancer—CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain,Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Laia Alemany
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health—CIBERESP, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Michael Wong
- University College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emma J. Crosbie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom,Gynaecological Oncology Research Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Adam N. Rosenthal
- Department of Women's Cancer, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Line Bjørge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway,Department of Clinical Science, Center for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Michal Zikan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and Bulovka University Hospital, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Dostalek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Gynaecologic Oncology Center, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Cibula
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Gynaecologic Oncology Center, Charles University in Prague, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karin Sundström
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Dillner
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Costas
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health—CIBERESP, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin Widschwendter
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria,Department of Women's Cancer, University College London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Martin Widschwendter, MD, European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Milser Str 10, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria; e-mail:
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13
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Barrett JE, Sundström K, Jones A, Evans I, Wang J, Herzog C, Dillner J, Widschwendter M. The WID-CIN test identifies women with, and at risk of, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 and invasive cervical cancer. Genome Med 2022; 14:116. [PMID: 36258199 PMCID: PMC9580141 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical screening is transitioning from primary cytology to primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. HPV testing is highly sensitive but there is currently no high-specificity triage method for colposcopy referral to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or above (CIN3+) in women positive for high-risk (hr) HPV subtypes. An objective, automatable test that could accurately perform triage, independently of sample heterogeneity and age, is urgently required. Methods We analyzed DNA methylation at ~850,000 CpG sites across the genome in a total of 1254 cervical liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples from cases of screen-detected histologically verified CIN1-3+ (98% hrHPV-positive) and population-based control women free from any cervical disease (100% hrHPV-positive). Samples were provided by a state-of-the-art population-based cohort biobank and consisted of (i) a discovery set of 170 CIN3+ cases and 202 hrHPV-positive/cytology-negative controls; (ii) a diagnostic validation set of 87 CIN3+, 90 CIN2, 166 CIN1, and 111 hrHPV-positive/cytology-negative controls; and (iii) a predictive validation set of 428 cytology-negative samples (418 hrHPV-positive) of which 210 were diagnosed with CIN3+ in the upcoming 1–4 years and 218 remained disease-free. Results We developed the WID-CIN (Women’s cancer risk IDentification-Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia) test, a DNA methylation signature consisting of 5000 CpG sites. The receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) in the independent diagnostic validation set was 0.92 (95% CI 0.88–0.96). At 75% specificity (≤CIN1), the overall sensitivity to detect CIN3+ is 89.7% (83.3–96.1) in all and 92.7% (85.9–99.6) and 65.6% (49.2–82.1) in women aged ≥30 and <30. In hrHPV-positive/cytology-negative samples in the predictive validation set, the WID-CIN detected 54.8% (48.0–61.5) cases developing 1–4 years after sample donation in all ages or 56.9% (47.6–66.2) and 53.5% (43.7–63.2) in ≥30 and <30-year-old women, at a specificity of 75%. Conclusions The WID-CIN test identifies the vast majority of hrHPV-positive women with current CIN3+ lesions. In the absence of cytologic abnormalities, a positive WID-CIN test result is likely to indicate a significantly increased risk of developing CIN3+ in the near future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13073-022-01116-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Barrett
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Milser Straße 10, 6060, Hall in Tirol, Austria.,Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, 74 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6AU, UK
| | - Karin Sundström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Medical Diagnostics Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Allison Jones
- Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, 74 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6AU, UK
| | - Iona Evans
- Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, 74 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6AU, UK
| | - Jiangrong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chiara Herzog
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Milser Straße 10, 6060, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Joakim Dillner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Medical Diagnostics Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Widschwendter
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening (EUTOPS) Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Milser Straße 10, 6060, Hall in Tirol, Austria. .,Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria. .,Department of Women's Cancer, UCL EGA Institute for Women's Health, University College London, 74 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6AU, UK.
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14
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Song J, Zheng A, Li S, Zhang W, Zhang M, Li X, Jin F, Ji Z. Clinical significance and prognostic value of small nucleolar RNA SNORA38 in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:930024. [PMID: 36158687 PMCID: PMC9500313 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.930024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundBreast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women worldwide, and breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are believed to be the source of tumorigenesis. New findings suggest that small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) play a significant role in tumor development.MethodsThe Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were used to demonstrate expression and survival of SNORA38 signature. In situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemical (IHC) were conducted to analyze the correlation between SNORA38 and stemness biomarker in 77 BC samples. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to investigate the mechanisms related to SNORA38 expression in BC. Real-time qPCR was employed to evaluate the expression of SNORA38 in breast cancer cell lines.ResultsIn the public database and patients’ biopsies, SNORA38 was significantly up-regulated in breast cancer. Furthermore, the expression of SNORA38 was significantly correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage, among which tumor size was an independent factor for SNORA38 expression. Higher SNORA38 expression was associated with shorter overall survival (OS). Meanwhile, SNORA38 was positively associated with the stem cell marker OCT-4, which suggested that SNORA38 might be related to breast cancer stemness.ConclusionsSNORA38 is an important carcinogenic snoRNA in breast cancer and might be a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ang Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenrong Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meilin Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xingzhe Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Jin, ; Ziyao Ji,
| | - Ziyao Ji
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Jin, ; Ziyao Ji,
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15
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Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Genetic Update and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102371. [PMID: 35625975 PMCID: PMC9139429 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the main type of cancer in the Caucasian population, and the number of cases continues to rise. Research mostly focuses on clinical characteristics analysis, but genetic features are crucial to malignancies’ establishment and advance. We aim to explore the genetic basics of skin cancer, surrounding microenvironment interactions, and regulation mechanisms to provide a broader perspective for new therapies’ development. Abstract Skin cancer is one of the main types of cancer worldwide, and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most frequent within this group. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most common types. Multifactorial features are well-known for cancer development, and new hallmarks are gaining relevance. Genetics and epigenetic regulation play an essential role in cancer susceptibility and progression, as well as the variety of cells and molecules that interact in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we provide an update on the genetic features of NMSC, candidate genes, and new therapies, considering diverse perspectives of skin carcinogenesis. The global health situation and the pandemic have been challenging for health care systems, especially in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cancer. We provide innovative approaches to overcome the difficulties in the current clinical dynamics.
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16
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Southey MC, Dugué PA. Improving breast cancer risk prediction with epigenetic risk factors. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:363-364. [PMID: 35351995 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. .,Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Pierre-Antoine Dugué
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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17
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The WID-BC-index identifies women with primary poor prognostic breast cancer based on DNA methylation in cervical samples. Nat Commun 2022; 13:449. [PMID: 35105882 PMCID: PMC8807602 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27918-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic and non-genetic factors contribute to breast cancer development. An epigenome-based signature capturing these components in easily accessible samples could identify women at risk. Here, we analyse the DNA methylome in 2,818 cervical, 357 and 227 matched buccal and blood samples respectively, and 42 breast tissue samples from women with and without breast cancer. Utilising cervical liquid-based cytology samples, we develop the DNA methylation-based Women’s risk IDentification for Breast Cancer index (WID-BC-index) that identifies women with breast cancer with an AUROC (Area Under the Receiver Operator Characteristic) of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.80–0.88) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.76–0.86) in internal and external validation sets, respectively. CpGs at progesterone receptor binding sites hypomethylated in normal breast tissue of women with breast cancer or in BRCA mutation carriers are also hypomethylated in cervical samples of women with poor prognostic breast cancer. Our data indicate that a systemic epigenetic programming defect is highly prevalent in women who develop breast cancer. Further studies validating the WID-BC-index may enable clinical implementation for monitoring breast cancer risk. Breast cancer is most commonly diagnosed via a needle biopsy. In this study, the authors show that cervical samples from women with breast cancer have a methylation signature different to that of healthy controls.
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