1
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Hart JL, Pan H, Siddique S, Schnitzer N, Mallayya K, Xu S, Kourkoutis LF, Kim EA, Cha JJ. Real-space visualization of a defect-mediated charge density wave transition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402129121. [PMID: 39106309 PMCID: PMC11331100 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402129121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We study the coupled charge density wave (CDW) and insulator-to-metal transitions in the 2D quantum material 1T-TaS2. By applying in situ cryogenic 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy with in situ electrical resistance measurements, we directly visualize the CDW transition and establish that the transition is mediated by basal dislocations (stacking solitons). We find that dislocations can both nucleate and pin the transition and locally alter the transition temperature Tc by nearly ~75 K. This finding was enabled by the application of unsupervised machine learning to cluster five-dimensional, terabyte scale datasets, which demonstrate a one-to-one correlation between resistance-a global property-and local CDW domain-dislocation dynamics, thereby linking the material microstructure to device properties. This work represents a major step toward defect-engineering of quantum materials, which will become increasingly important as we aim to utilize such materials in real devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L. Hart
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Haining Pan
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Saif Siddique
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Noah Schnitzer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | | | - Shiyu Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Lena F. Kourkoutis
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Eun-ah Kim
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, South Korea
| | - Judy J. Cha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
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2
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Jang M, Lee S, Cantos-Prieto F, Košić I, Li Y, McCray ARC, Jung MH, Yoon JY, Boddapati L, Deepak FL, Jeong HY, Phatak CM, Santos EJG, Navarro-Moratalla E, Kim K. Direct observation of twisted stacking domains in the van der Waals magnet CrI 3. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5925. [PMID: 39009625 PMCID: PMC11251270 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Van der Waals (vdW) stacking is a powerful technique to achieve desired properties in condensed matter systems through layer-by-layer crystal engineering. A remarkable example is the control over the twist angle between artificially-stacked vdW crystals, enabling the realization of unconventional phenomena in moiré structures ranging from superconductivity to strongly correlated magnetism. Here, we report the appearance of unusual 120° twisted faults in vdW magnet CrI3 crystals. In exfoliated samples, we observe vertical twisted domains with a thickness below 10 nm. The size and distribution of twisted domains strongly depend on the sample preparation methods, with as-synthesized unexfoliated samples showing tenfold thicker domains than exfoliated samples. Cooling induces changes in the relative populations among different twisting domains, rather than the previously assumed structural phase transition to the rhombohedral stacking. The stacking disorder induced by sample fabrication processes may explain the unresolved thickness-dependent magnetic coupling observed in CrI3.
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Grants
- 2017R1A5A1014862 National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
- 2022R1A2C4002559 National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS-R026-D1)
- F.C.P. acknowledges the MICINN for the FPU program (Grant No. FPU17/01587).
- Work at Argonne (to Y.L., A.R.C.M., C.M.P.) was funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Science and Engineering Division. Use of the Center for Nanoscale Materials, an Office of Science user facility, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
- F.L.D. would like to acknowledge the funding received from the European Union, FUNLAYERS twinning project- 101079184.
- E.J.G.S. acknowledges computational resources through CIRRUS Tier-2 HPC Service (ec131 Cirrus Project) at EPCC (http://www.cirrus.ac.uk) funded by the University of Edinburgh and EPSRC (EP/P020267/1); ARCHER UK National Supercomputing Service (http://www.archer.ac.uk) via Project d429. E.J.G.S. also acknowledges the EPSRC Open Career Fellowship (EP/T021578/1).
- E.N.M. acknowledges the European Research Council (ERC) under the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ERC StG, grant agreement No. 803092) and to the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) for financial support from the Ramon y Cajal program (Grant No. RYC2018-024736-I) and the grant PID2020-118938GA-100. This work was also supported by the Spanish Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu” (CEX2019-000919-M) and is part of the Advanced Materials programme supported by MICINN with funding from European Union NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I1) and by Generalitat Valenciana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjin Jang
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Lee
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ivona Košić
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Paterna, Spain
| | - Yue Li
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Arthur R C McCray
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Applied Physics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Min-Hyoung Jung
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yeong Yoon
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Loukya Boddapati
- Nanostructured Materials Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Francis Leonard Deepak
- Nanostructured Materials Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Hu Young Jeong
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Charudatta M Phatak
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208, USA
| | - Elton J G Santos
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | | | - Kwanpyo Kim
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Wang H, Zhang J, Shen C, Yang C, Küster K, Deuschle J, Starke U, Zhang H, Isobe M, Huang D, van Aken PA, Takagi H. Direct visualization of stacking-selective self-intercalation in epitaxial Nb 1+xSe 2 films. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2541. [PMID: 38514672 PMCID: PMC10957900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials offer rich tuning opportunities generated by different stacking configurations or by introducing intercalants into the vdW gaps. Current knowledge of the interplay between stacking polytypes and intercalation often relies on macroscopically averaged probes, which fail to pinpoint the exact atomic position and chemical state of the intercalants in real space. Here, by using atomic-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope, we visualize a stacking-selective self-intercalation phenomenon in thin films of the transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) Nb1+xSe2. We observe robust contrasts between 180°-stacked layers with large amounts of Nb intercalants inside their vdW gaps and 0°-stacked layers with little detectable intercalants inside their vdW gaps, coexisting on the atomic scale. First-principles calculations suggest that the films lie at the boundary of a phase transition from 0° to 180° stacking when the intercalant concentration x exceeds ~0.25, which we could attain in our films due to specific kinetic pathways. Our results offer not only renewed mechanistic insights into stacking and intercalation, but also open up prospects for engineering the functionality of TMDCs via stacking-selective self-intercalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Chen Shen
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Chao Yang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kathrin Küster
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Deuschle
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrich Starke
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Masahiko Isobe
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dennis Huang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Peter A van Aken
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hidenori Takagi
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Functional Matter and Quantum Technologies, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Sung SH, Agarwal N, El Baggari I, Kezer P, Goh YM, Schnitzer N, Shen JM, Chiang T, Liu Y, Lu W, Sun Y, Kourkoutis LF, Heron JT, Sun K, Hovden R. Endotaxial stabilization of 2D charge density waves with long-range order. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1403. [PMID: 38360698 PMCID: PMC10869719 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Charge density waves are emergent quantum states that spontaneously reduce crystal symmetry, drive metal-insulator transitions, and precede superconductivity. In low-dimensions, distinct quantum states arise, however, thermal fluctuations and external disorder destroy long-range order. Here we stabilize ordered two-dimensional (2D) charge density waves through endotaxial synthesis of confined monolayers of 1T-TaS2. Specifically, an ordered incommensurate charge density wave (oIC-CDW) is realized in 2D with dramatically enhanced amplitude and resistivity. By enhancing CDW order, the hexatic nature of charge density waves becomes observable. Upon heating via in-situ TEM, the CDW continuously melts in a reversible hexatic process wherein topological defects form in the charge density wave. From these results, new regimes of the CDW phase diagram for 1T-TaS2 are derived and consistent with the predicted emergence of vestigial quantum order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Hyun Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nishkarsh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | - Patrick Kezer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yin Min Goh
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Noah Schnitzer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jeremy M Shen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tony Chiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China
| | - Wenjian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China
| | - Yuping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, PR China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China
| | - Lena F Kourkoutis
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - John T Heron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robert Hovden
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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5
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Katiyar AK, Hoang AT, Xu D, Hong J, Kim BJ, Ji S, Ahn JH. 2D Materials in Flexible Electronics: Recent Advances and Future Prospectives. Chem Rev 2024; 124:318-419. [PMID: 38055207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics have recently gained considerable attention due to their potential to provide new and innovative solutions to a wide range of challenges in various electronic fields. These electronics require specific material properties and performance because they need to be integrated into a variety of surfaces or folded and rolled for newly formatted electronics. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as promising candidates for flexible electronics due to their unique mechanical, electrical, and optical properties, as well as their compatibility with other materials, enabling the creation of various flexible electronic devices. This article provides a comprehensive review of the progress made in developing flexible electronic devices using 2D materials. In addition, it highlights the key aspects of materials, scalable material production, and device fabrication processes for flexible applications, along with important examples of demonstrations that achieved breakthroughs in various flexible and wearable electronic applications. Finally, we discuss the opportunities, current challenges, potential solutions, and future investigative directions about this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar Katiyar
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Anh Tuan Hoang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Duo Xu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeong Hong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Jin Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyeon Ji
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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6
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Wu S, Dai M, Li H, Li R, Han Z, Hu W, Zhao Z, Hou Y, Gou H, Zou R, Chen Y, Luo X, Zhao X. Atomically Unraveling Highly Crystalline Self-Intercalated Tantalum Sulfide with Correlated Stacking Registry-Dependent Magnetism. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:378-385. [PMID: 38117785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
In self-intercalated two-dimensional (ic-2D) materials, understanding the local chemical environment and the topology of the filling site remains elusive, and the subsequent correlation with the macroscopically manifested physical properties has rarely been investigated. Herein, highly crystalline gram-scale ic-2D Ta1.33S2 crystals were successfully grown by the high-pressure high-temperature method. Employing combined atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy annular dark field imaging and density functional theory calculations, we systematically unveiled the atomic structures of an atlas of stacking registries in a well-defined √3(a) × √3(a) Ta1.33S2 superlattice. Ferromagnetic order was observed in the AC' stacking registry, and it evolves into an antiferromagnetic state in AA/AB/AB' stacking registries; the AA' stacking registry shows ferrimagnetic ordering. Therefore, we present a novel approach for fabricating large-scale highly crystalline ic-2D crystals and shed light on a powerful means of modulating the magnetic order of ic-2D systems via stacking engineering, i.e., stackingtronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Minzhi Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hang Li
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Runlai Li
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ziyi Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenchao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zijing Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanglong Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huiyang Gou
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruqiang Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongjin Chen
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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7
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Husremović S, Goodge BH, Erodici MP, Inzani K, Mier A, Ribet SM, Bustillo KC, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Ophus C, Griffin SM, Bediako DK. Encoding multistate charge order and chirality in endotaxial heterostructures. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6031. [PMID: 37758701 PMCID: PMC10533556 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density phase change memory (PCM) storage is proposed for materials with multiple intermediate resistance states, which have been observed in 1T-TaS2 due to charge density wave (CDW) phase transitions. However, the metastability responsible for this behavior makes the presence of multistate switching unpredictable in TaS2 devices. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of nanothick verti-lateral H-TaS2/1T-TaS2 heterostructures in which the number of endotaxial metallic H-TaS2 monolayers dictates the number of resistance transitions in 1T-TaS2 lamellae near room temperature. Further, we also observe optically active heterochirality in the CDW superlattice structure, which is modulated in concert with the resistivity steps, and we show how strain engineering can be used to nucleate these polytype conversions. This work positions the principle of endotaxial heterostructures as a promising conceptual framework for reliable, non-volatile, and multi-level switching of structure, chirality, and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samra Husremović
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Berit H Goodge
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthew P Erodici
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Katherine Inzani
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alberto Mier
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Stephanie M Ribet
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Karen C Bustillo
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Colin Ophus
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sinéad M Griffin
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - D Kwabena Bediako
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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8
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Liu G, Qiu T, He K, Liu Y, Lin D, Ma Z, Huang Z, Tang W, Xu J, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Gao L, Wen J, Liu JM, Yan B, Xi X. Electrical switching of ferro-rotational order in nanometre-thick 1T-TaS 2 crystals. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:854-860. [PMID: 37169899 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01403-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hysteretic switching of domain states is a salient characteristic of all ferroic materials and the foundation for their multifunctional applications. Ferro-rotational order is emerging as a type of ferroic order that features structural rotations, but control over state switching remains elusive due to its invariance under both time reversal and spatial inversion. Here we demonstrate electrical switching of ferro-rotational domain states in the charge-density-wave phases of nanometre-thick 1T-TaS2 crystals. Cooling from the high-symmetry phase to the ferro-rotational phase under an external electric field induces domain state switching and domain wall formation, which is realized in a simple two-terminal configuration using a volt-scale bias. Although the electric field does not couple with the order due to symmetry mismatch, it drives domain wall propagation to give rise to reversible, durable and non-volatile isothermal state switching at room temperature. These results offer a route to the manipulation of ferro-rotational order and its nanoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyu Qiu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kuanyu He
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yizhou Liu
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dongjing Lin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute for Advanced Materials, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhentao Huang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenna Tang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Libo Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinsheng Wen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun-Ming Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Binghai Yan
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Xiaoxiang Xi
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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9
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Sung SH, Kezer P, Agarwal N, Goh YM, Schnitzer N, Baggari IE, Sun K, Kourkoutis LF, Heron JT, Hovden R. Endotaxial Polytype Engineering: Enhancement of Incommensurate Charge Density Waves in TaS2. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1646-1647. [PMID: 37613815 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suk Hyun Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Pat Kezer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nishkarsh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yin Min Goh
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Noah Schnitzer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Ismail El Baggari
- Rowland Institute at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lena F Kourkoutis
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, United States
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - John T Heron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Robert Hovden
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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10
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Sung SH, Schnitzer N, Dabak-Wakankar A, El Baggari I, Kourkoutis LF, Hovden R. Moiré Magnification of Charge Density Wave Dislocations using 4D-STEM. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:260-261. [PMID: 37613236 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suk Hyun Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Noah Schnitzer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Abha Dabak-Wakankar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ismail El Baggari
- Rowland Institute at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Lena F Kourkoutis
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, United States
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Robert Hovden
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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11
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Sung SH, Hovden R. The Structure of Charge Density Waves in TaS2 across Temperature and Dimensionality. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1694. [PMID: 37613922 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suk Hyun Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert Hovden
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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12
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Agarwal N, Sung SH, Schwartz J, Schnitzer N, Xi Z, Hung J, Baggari IE, Kourkoutis LF, Qi L, Van der Ven A, Hovden R. Native Intercalant Order in TaS2 Achieved Through in situ Thermal Heating. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1583-1584. [PMID: 37613854 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nishkarsh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Suk Hyun Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jonathan Schwartz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Noah Schnitzer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Zhucong Xi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Juihung Hung
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, U.C. Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | | | - Lena F Kourkoutis
- Kavli Institute at Cornell, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Liang Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anton Van der Ven
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, U.C. Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Robert Hovden
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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13
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Achari A, Bekaert J, Sreepal V, Orekhov A, Kumaravadivel P, Kim M, Gauquelin N, Balakrishna Pillai P, Verbeeck J, Peeters FM, Geim AK, Milošević MV, Nair RR. Alternating Superconducting and Charge Density Wave Monolayers within Bulk 6R-TaS 2. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6268-6275. [PMID: 35857927 PMCID: PMC9373026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures continue to attract intense interest as a route of designing materials with novel properties that cannot be found in nature. Unfortunately, this approach is currently limited to only a few layers that can be stacked on top of each other. Here, we report a bulk vdW material consisting of superconducting 1H TaS2 monolayers interlayered with 1T TaS2 monolayers displaying charge density waves (CDW). This bulk vdW heterostructure is created by phase transition of 1T-TaS2 to 6R at 800 °C in an inert atmosphere. Its superconducting transition (Tc) is found at 2.6 K, exceeding the Tc of the bulk 2H phase. Using first-principles calculations, we argue that the coexistence of superconductivity and CDW within 6R-TaS2 stems from amalgamation of the properties of adjacent 1H and 1T monolayers, where the former dominates the superconducting state and the latter the CDW behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritroop Achari
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Bekaert
- Department
of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab
Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vishnu Sreepal
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey Orekhov
- NANOlab
Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Piranavan Kumaravadivel
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Gauquelin
- NANOlab
Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Premlal Balakrishna Pillai
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Verbeeck
- NANOlab
Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Francois M. Peeters
- Department
of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andre K. Geim
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Milorad V. Milošević
- Department
of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab
Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rahul R. Nair
- National
Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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