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Liu Y, Mo CC, Hartley-Brown MA, Sperling AS, Midha S, Yee AJ, Bianchi G, Piper C, Tattersall A, Nadeem O, Laubach JP, Richardson PG. Targeting Ikaros and Aiolos: reviewing novel protein degraders for the treatment of multiple myeloma, with a focus on iberdomide and mezigdomide. Expert Rev Hematol 2024; 17:445-465. [PMID: 39054911 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2024.2382897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) is evolving rapidly. Quadruplet regimens incorporating proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), and CD38 monoclonal antibodies have emerged as standard-of-care options for newly diagnosed MM, and numerous novel therapies have been approved for relapsed/refractory MM. However, there remains a need for novel options in multiple settings, including refractoriness to frontline standards of care. AREAS COVERED Targeting degradation of IKZF1 and IKZF3 - Ikaros and Aiolos - through modulation of cereblon, an E3 ligase substrate recruiter/receptor, is a key mechanism of action of the IMiDs and the CELMoD agents. Two CELMoD agents, iberdomide and mezigdomide, have demonstrated substantial preclinical and clinical activity in MM and have entered phase 3 investigation. Using a literature search methodology comprising searches of PubMed (unlimited time-frame) and international hematology/oncology conference abstracts (2019-2023), this paper reviews the importance of Ikaros and Aiolos in MM, the mechanism of action of the IMiDs and CELMoD agents and their relative potency for targeting Ikaros and Aiolos, and preclinical and clinical data on iberdomide and mezigdomide. EXPERT OPINION Emerging data suggest that iberdomide and mezigdomide have promising activity, including in IMiD-resistant settings and, pending phase 3 findings, may provide additional treatment options for patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clifton C Mo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monique A Hartley-Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam S Sperling
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shonali Midha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J Yee
- Massachusetts General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giada Bianchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Piper
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice Tattersall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Omar Nadeem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob P Laubach
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul G Richardson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Jerome Lipper Center for Multiple Myeloma Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Jacob Bunu S, Cai H, Wu L, Zhang H, Zhou Z, Xu Z, Shi J, Zhu W. TRIP13 - a potential drug target in cancer pharmacotherapy. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107650. [PMID: 39042962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activity (AAA+ATPases) are important enzymatic functional proteins in human cells. Thyroid Hormone Receptor Interacting Protein-13 (TRIP13) is a member of this protein superfamily, that partly regulates DNA repair pathways and spindle assembly checkpoints during mitosis. TRIP13 is reported as an oncogene involving multiple pathways in many human malignancies, including multiple myeloma, brain tumors, etc. The structure of TRIP13 reveals the mechanisms for ATP binding and how TRIP13 recognizes the Mitotic Arrest Deficiency-2 (MAD2) protein, with p31comet acting as an adapter protein. DCZ0415, TI17, DCZ5417, and DCZ5418 are the reported small-molecule inhibitors of TRIP13, which have been demonstrated to inhibit TRIP13's biological functions significantly and effective in suppressing various types of malignant cells, indicating that TRIP13 is a significant anticancer drug target. Currently, no systematic reviews are cutting across the functions, structure, and novel inhibitors of TRIP13. This review provides a comprehensive overview of TRIP13's biological functions, its roles in eighteen different cancers, four small molecule inhibitors, different underlying molecular mechanisms, and its functionality as a potential anticancer drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Jacob Bunu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiyan Cai
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Leyun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhaoyin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jumei Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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Sun C, Jiang C, Wang X, Ma S, Zhang D, Jia W. MR-Based Radiomics Predicts CDK6 Expression and Prognostic Value in High-grade Glioma. Acad Radiol 2024:S1076-6332(24)00364-7. [PMID: 38964985 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess the prognostic value of Cyclin-dependent kinases 6 (CDK6) expression levels and establish a machine learning-based radiomics model for predicting the expression levels of CDK6 in high-grade gliomas (HGG). MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical parameters and genomic data were extracted from 310 HGG patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and 27 patients in the Repository of Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (REMBRANDT) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression, as well as Kaplan-Meier analysis, were performed for prognosis analysis. The correlation between immune cell Infiltration with CDK6 was assessed using spearman correlation analysis. Radiomic features were extracted from contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) in the Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) database (n = 82) and REMBRANDT database (n = 27). Logistic regression (LR) and support vector machine (SVM) were employed to establish the radiomics model for predicting CDK6 expression. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were utilized to assess the predictive performance of the radiomics model. Generate radiomic scores (RS) based on the LR model. An RS-based nomogram was constructed to predict the prognosis of HGG. RESULTS CDK6 was significantly overexpressed in HGG tissues and was related to lower overall survival. A significant elevation in infiltrating M0 macrophages was observed in the CDK6 high group (P < 0.001). The LR radiomics model for the prediction of CDK6 expression levels (AUC=0.810 in the training cohort, AUC = 0.784 after cross-validation, AUC=0.750 in the testing cohort) was established utilizing three radiomic features. The predictive efficiencies of the RS-based nomogram, as measured by AUC, were 0.769 for 1-year, 0.815 for 3-year, and 0.780 for 5-year, respectively. CONCLUSION The expression level of CDK6 can impact the prognosis of patients with HGG. The expression level of HGG can be noninvasively prognosticated utilizing a radiomics model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 West Road, South Fourth Ring Road, Beijing, China
| | - Chenggang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 West Road, South Fourth Ring Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 West Road, South Fourth Ring Road, Beijing, China
| | - Shunchang Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 West Road, South Fourth Ring Road, Beijing, China
| | - Dainan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 West Road, South Fourth Ring Road, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 West Road, South Fourth Ring Road, Beijing, China.
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Ramberger E, Sapozhnikova V, Ng YLD, Dolnik A, Ziehm M, Popp O, Sträng E, Kull M, Grünschläger F, Krüger J, Benary M, Müller S, Gao X, Murgai A, Haji M, Schmidt A, Lutz R, Nogai A, Braune J, Laue D, Langer C, Khandanpour C, Bassermann F, Döhner H, Engelhardt M, Straka C, Hundemer M, Beule D, Haas S, Keller U, Einsele H, Bullinger L, Knop S, Mertins P, Krönke J. The proteogenomic landscape of multiple myeloma reveals insights into disease biology and therapeutic opportunities. NATURE CANCER 2024:10.1038/s43018-024-00784-3. [PMID: 38942927 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00784-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy of the bone marrow. Despite therapeutic advances, MM remains incurable, and better risk stratification as well as new therapies are therefore highly needed. The proteome of MM has not been systematically assessed before and holds the potential to uncover insight into disease biology and improved prognostication in addition to genetic and transcriptomic studies. Here we provide a comprehensive multiomics analysis including deep tandem mass tag-based quantitative global (phospho)proteomics, RNA sequencing, and nanopore DNA sequencing of 138 primary patient-derived plasma cell malignancies encompassing treatment-naive MM, plasma cell leukemia and the premalignancy monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, as well as healthy controls. We found that the (phospho)proteome of malignant plasma cells are highly deregulated as compared with healthy plasma cells and is both defined by chromosomal alterations as well as posttranscriptional regulation. A prognostic protein signature was identified that is associated with aggressive disease independent of established risk factors in MM. Integration with functional genetics and single-cell RNA sequencing revealed general and genetic subtype-specific deregulated proteins and pathways in plasma cell malignancies that include potential targets for (immuno)therapies. Our study demonstrates the potential of proteogenomics in cancer and provides an easily accessible resource for investigating protein regulation and new therapeutic approaches in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Ramberger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, DKFZ and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valeriia Sapozhnikova
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, DKFZ and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuen Lam Dora Ng
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Dolnik
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Ziehm
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Popp
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric Sträng
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam Kull
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Grünschläger
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Josefine Krüger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sina Müller
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiang Gao
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Arunima Murgai
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, DKFZ and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohamed Haji
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Schmidt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raphael Lutz
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Nogai
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Braune
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Laue
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Cyrus Khandanpour
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Florian Bassermann
- Department of Medicine III, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Hundemer
- Department of Medicine V, Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Simon Haas
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, DKFZ and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keller
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, DKFZ and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, DKFZ and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Knop
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- Nuremberg General Hospital, Nuremberg, Germany.
- Paracelsus Medical School, Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jan Krönke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, DKFZ and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Wang L, Liu C, Song H, Yuan J, Zha Y, Deng Y. Update on kidney injury caused by multiple myeloma. Ann Hematol 2024:10.1007/s00277-024-05860-3. [PMID: 38942949 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a form of clonal plasma cell malignancy that associates with clinical manifestations such as anemia, hypercalcemia, bone pain, and renal impairment. Approximately 20-50% of MM patients at initial diagnosis experience renal injury, a vital complication that significantly influences prognosis and quality of life. This review seeks to clarify the multifaceted mechanisms of renal injury in MM, scrutinizing the pathogenic role of monoclonal proteins, the impact of hypercalcemia, and direct renal infiltration by plasma cells. Furthermore, it evaluates current diagnostic approaches, reviews management strategies, and highlights potential avenues for future research. By incorporating the latest scientific evidence and insights, this article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of MM-associated renal impairment, offering a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians in handling this complex complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Hematology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Haiyan Song
- Department of Hematology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Hematology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Zha
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Disease, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
| | - Yiyao Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Disease, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
- Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China.
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Lin CHT, Tariq MJ, Ullah F, Sannareddy A, Khalid F, Abbas H, Bader A, Samaras C, Valent J, Khouri J, Anwer F, Raza S, Dima D. Current Novel Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6192. [PMID: 38892379 PMCID: PMC11172591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy caused by the clonal expansion of immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells in the bone marrow and/or extramedullary sites. Common manifestations of MM include anemia, renal dysfunction, infection, bone pain, hypercalcemia, and fatigue. Despite numerous recent advancements in the MM treatment paradigm, current therapies demonstrate limited long-term effectiveness and eventual disease relapse remains exceedingly common. Myeloma cells often develop drug resistance through clonal evolution and alterations of cellular signaling pathways. Therefore, continued research of new targets in MM is crucial to circumvent cumulative drug resistance, overcome treatment-limiting toxicities, and improve outcomes in this incurable disease. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the landscape of novel treatments and emerging therapies for MM grouped by molecular target. Molecular targets outlined include BCMA, GPRC5D, FcRH5, CD38, SLAMF7, BCL-2, kinesin spindle protein, protein disulfide isomerase 1, peptidylprolyl isomerase A, Sec61 translocon, and cyclin-dependent kinase 6. Immunomodulatory drugs, NK cell therapy, and proteolysis-targeting chimera are described as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Hsin-Ti Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Campus, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Muhammad Junaid Tariq
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
| | - Fauzia Ullah
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (F.U.); (C.S.); (J.V.); (J.K.); (F.A.); (S.R.); (D.D.)
| | | | - Farhan Khalid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ 07740, USA;
| | - Hasan Abbas
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Abbas Bader
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri–Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA;
| | - Christy Samaras
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (F.U.); (C.S.); (J.V.); (J.K.); (F.A.); (S.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Jason Valent
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (F.U.); (C.S.); (J.V.); (J.K.); (F.A.); (S.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Jack Khouri
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (F.U.); (C.S.); (J.V.); (J.K.); (F.A.); (S.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Faiz Anwer
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (F.U.); (C.S.); (J.V.); (J.K.); (F.A.); (S.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Shahzad Raza
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (F.U.); (C.S.); (J.V.); (J.K.); (F.A.); (S.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Danai Dima
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (F.U.); (C.S.); (J.V.); (J.K.); (F.A.); (S.R.); (D.D.)
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Lu H, Huang Y, Ni X, Ma T, Chang T, Liu M, Li N, Lu P, Yuan P, Liu L, Shi F, Xiao J, Xiao H, Duan Q, Zhu F. TOPK promotes the development of psoriasis and worenine alleviates psoriasiform dermatitis by inhibiting TOPK activity. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:851-863. [PMID: 38131517 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease. The pathogenesis of psoriasis has not been fully elucidated. T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) activity increases in a proinflammatory environment, and inhibiting TOPK blocks inflammation. However, whether TOPK is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis remains to be identified. OBJECTIVES We aimed to study the role of TOPK in psoriasis and attempted to find a drug targeting TOPK for the prevention and treatment of psoriasis. METHOD Firstly, the expressions of TOPK in psoriatic patients, psoriatic cell and animal model were analysed by Gene Expression Omnibus database, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and western blot (WB). After inhibiting TOPK by chemical or gene knockout, the effect of TOPK on the development of psoriasis was verified in cell and animal model by WB, qRT-PCR, ELISA, haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and IHC staining. Moreover, phosphoproteomic analysis was performed to explore the signalling pathways regulated by TOPK in the occurrence and development of psoriasis. Then, an in vitro kinase assay was performed to prove TOPK kinase activity was inhibited by worenine. Ultimately, WB, qRT-PCR, ELISA, H&E and IHC staining were used to verify the anti-psoriasis effect of worenine by inhibiting TOPK was in cell and animal model. RESULTS In this study, we found that TOPK was highly expressed in psoriasis patients, psoriatic cell and animal model, which suggests that TOPK might be associated with psoriasis pathogenesis. Interestingly, chemical or genetic inhibition of TOPK alleviated M5- and imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis, which further confirmed the role of TOPK in promoting the development of psoriasis. Moreover, we determined that worenine inhibited TOPK kinase activity. In addition, worenine relieved M5- and IMQ-induced psoriasiform dermatitis by inhibiting TOPK activity. CONCLUSIONS T-lymphokine-activated killer cell-originated protein kinase promotes the development of psoriasis. Therefore, TOPK might be a promising drug target for the prevention and treatment of psoriasis. Worenine alleviates psoriasiform dermatitis by inhibiting TOPK activity, providing new strategies for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lu
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yingze Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaofang Ni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Teding Chang
- Second Clinical College, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Man Liu
- Second Clinical College, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Nijie Li
- Second Clinical College, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Peijiang Lu
- Second Clinical College, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Department of Dermatology, the General Hospital of Air Force, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Juanjuan Xiao
- Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiuhong Duan
- Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- Cancer Research Institute, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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8
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Joshi SK, Piehowski P, Liu T, Gosline SJC, McDermott JE, Druker BJ, Traer E, Tyner JW, Agarwal A, Tognon CE, Rodland KD. Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteogenomics: New Therapeutic Opportunities for Precision Medicine. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 64:455-479. [PMID: 37738504 PMCID: PMC10950354 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-022723-113921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Proteogenomics refers to the integration of comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic measurements from the same samples with the goal of fully understanding the regulatory processes converting genotypes to phenotypes, often with an emphasis on gaining a deeper understanding of disease processes. Although specific genetic mutations have long been known to drive the development of multiple cancers, gene mutations alone do not always predict prognosis or response to targeted therapy. The benefit of proteogenomics research is that information obtained from proteins and their corresponding pathways provides insight into therapeutic targets that can complement genomic information by providing an additional dimension regarding the underlying mechanisms and pathophysiology of tumors. This review describes the novel insights into tumor biology and drug resistance derived from proteogenomic analysis while highlighting the clinical potential of proteogenomic observations and advances in technique and analysis tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Joshi
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA;
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Paul Piehowski
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Sara J C Gosline
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Jason E McDermott
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Brian J Druker
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA;
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Elie Traer
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA;
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA;
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Anupriya Agarwal
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA;
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Cristina E Tognon
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA;
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Karin D Rodland
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA;
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
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9
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Neri P, Barwick BG, Jung D, Patton JC, Maity R, Tagoug I, Stein CK, Tilmont R, Leblay N, Ahn S, Lee H, Welsh SJ, Riggs DL, Stong N, Flynt E, Thakurta A, Keats JJ, Lonial S, Bergsagel PL, Boise LH, Bahlis NJ. ETV4-Dependent Transcriptional Plasticity Maintains MYC Expression and Results in IMiD Resistance in Multiple Myeloma. Blood Cancer Discov 2024; 5:56-73. [PMID: 37934799 PMCID: PMC10772538 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-23-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD) are a backbone therapy for multiple myeloma (MM). Despite their efficacy, most patients develop resistance, and the mechanisms are not fully defined. Here, we show that IMiD responses are directed by IMiD-dependent degradation of IKZF1 and IKZF3 that bind to enhancers necessary to sustain the expression of MYC and other myeloma oncogenes. IMiD treatment universally depleted chromatin-bound IKZF1, but eviction of P300 and BRD4 coactivators only occurred in IMiD-sensitive cells. IKZF1-bound enhancers overlapped other transcription factor binding motifs, including ETV4. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing showed that ETV4 bound to the same enhancers as IKZF1, and ETV4 CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ablation resulted in sensitization of IMiD-resistant MM. ETV4 expression is associated with IMiD resistance in cell lines, poor prognosis in patients, and is upregulated at relapse. These data indicate that ETV4 alleviates IKZF1 and IKZF3 dependency in MM by maintaining oncogenic enhancer activity and identify transcriptional plasticity as a previously unrecognized mechanism of IMiD resistance. SIGNIFICANCE We show that IKZF1-bound enhancers are critical for IMiD efficacy and that the factor ETV4 can bind the same enhancers and substitute for IKZF1 and mediate IMiD resistance by maintaining MYC and other oncogenes. These data implicate transcription factor redundancy as a previously unrecognized mode of IMiD resistance in MM. See related article by Welsh, Barwick, et al., p. 34. See related commentary by Yun and Cleveland, p. 5. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Neri
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Benjamin G. Barwick
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David Jung
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jonathan C. Patton
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ranjan Maity
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ines Tagoug
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Caleb K. Stein
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Remi Tilmont
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Noemie Leblay
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sungwoo Ahn
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Holly Lee
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Seth J. Welsh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Daniel L. Riggs
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Nicholas Stong
- Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, New Jersey
| | - Erin Flynt
- Predictive Sciences, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, New Jersey
| | - Anjan Thakurta
- Oxford Centre for Translational Myeloma Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sagar Lonial
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - P. Leif Bergsagel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Lawrence H. Boise
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nizar J. Bahlis
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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10
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Steinhart J, Möller P, Kull M, Krönke J, Barth TFE. CDK6 protein expression is associated with disease progression and treatment resistance in multiple myeloma. Hemasphere 2024; 8:e32. [PMID: 38434534 PMCID: PMC10878183 DOI: 10.1002/hem3.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous malignancy of plasma cells. Despite improvement in the prognosis of MM patients after the introduction of many new drugs in the past decades, MM remains incurable since most patients become treatment-resistant. Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) is activated in many types of cancer and has been associated with drug resistance in MM. However, its association with disease stage, genetic alterations, and outcome has not been systematically investigated in large cohorts. Here, we analyzed CDK6 expression using immunohistochemistry in 203 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of 146 patients and four healthy individuals. We found that 61.5% of all MM specimens express CDK6 at various levels. CDK6 expression increased with the progression of disease with a median of 0% of CDK6-positive plasma cells in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) (n = 10) to 30% in newly diagnosed MM (n = 78) and up to 70% in relapsed cases (n = 55). The highest median CDK6 was observed in extramedullary myeloma (n = 12), a highly aggressive manifestation of MM. Longitudinal analyses revealed that CDK6 is significantly increased in lenalidomide-treated patients but not in those who did not receive lenalidomide. Furthermore, we observed that patients who underwent lenalidomide-comprising induction therapy had significantly shorter progression-free survival when their samples were CDK6 positive. These data support that CDK6 protein expression is a marker for aggressive and drug-resistant disease and describes a potential drug target in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Steinhart
- Department of PathologyUlm University HospitalUlmGermany
- Department of Internal Medicine IIIUlm University HospitalUlmGermany
| | - Peter Möller
- Department of PathologyUlm University HospitalUlmGermany
| | - Miriam Kull
- Department of Internal Medicine IIIUlm University HospitalUlmGermany
| | - Jan Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine IIIUlm University HospitalUlmGermany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Berlin and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
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11
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Suzuki K, Yano S. IMiD-Free Interval and IMiDs Sequence: Which Strategy Is Better Suited for Lenalidomide-Refractory Myeloma? Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2229. [PMID: 38004369 PMCID: PMC10672235 DOI: 10.3390/life13112229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discusses immunomodulatory drug (IMiDs) sequencing and IMiD-free interval strategies for lenalidomide-refractory myeloma. IMiDs and proteasome inhibitors (PIs) improve clinical outcomes in patients with myeloma; however, refractoriness to lenalidomide, a category of IMiD, predicts poor outcomes. Next-generation IMiDs, such as pomalidomide, are effective even for lenalidomide-refractory myeloma. Therefore, an IMiD-sequencing strategy from lenalidomide to pomalidomide would be desirable. PIs are an antimyeloma therapeutic agent with another mode of action that might restore cereblon, a target of IMiDs; therefore, an IMiD-free interval via class switching from lenalidomide to PIs may be a promising alternative for lenalidomide-refractory myeloma. Additionally, the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody is a key drug for salvage therapy in anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody-naïve patients. In clinical practice, safety profiles and social convenience can play important roles in the choice of combination therapy. In the future, the selection of optimal treatments should be based on the status of the immunological environment and genetic alterations. This review aims to discuss IMiDs sequencing and IMiD-free interval strategies for lenalidomide- refractory myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Suzuki
- Division of Clinical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan;
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12
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Leung CON, Yang Y, Leung RWH, So KKH, Guo HJ, Lei MML, Muliawan GK, Gao Y, Yu QQ, Yun JP, Ma S, Zhao Q, Lee TKW. Broad-spectrum kinome profiling identifies CDK6 upregulation as a driver of lenvatinib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6699. [PMID: 37872167 PMCID: PMC10593849 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42360-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that drug resistance can be acquired in cancer cells by kinase rewiring, which is an obstacle for efficient cancer therapy. However, it is technically challenging to measure the expression of protein kinases on large scale due to their dynamic range in human proteome. We employ a lysine-targeted sulfonyl fluoride probe, named XO44, which binds to 133 endogenous kinases in intact lenvatinib-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. This analysis reveals cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) upregulation, which is mediated by ERK/YAP1 signaling cascade. Functional analyses show that CDK6 is crucial in regulation of acquired lenvatinib resistance in HCC via augmentation of liver cancer stem cells with clinical significance. We identify a noncanonical pathway of CDK6 in which it binds and regulates the activity of GSK3β, leading to activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Consistently, CDK6 inhibition by palbociclib or degradation by proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) is highly synergistic with lenvatinib in vitro. Interestingly, palbociclib not only exerts maximal growth suppressive effect with lenvatinib in lenvatinib-resistant HCC models but also reshapes the tumor immune microenvironment. Together, we unveil CDK6 as a druggable target in lenvatinib-resistant HCC and highlight the use of a chemical biology approach to understand nongenetic resistance mechanisms in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Oi Ning Leung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rainbow Wing Hei Leung
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl Kam Hei So
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai Jun Guo
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martina Mang Leng Lei
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gregory Kenneth Muliawan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, China
| | - Qian Qian Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Ping Yun
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Stephanie Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Terence Kin Wah Lee
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
- Research Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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13
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Wang L, Yang Z, Li G, Liu Y, Ai C, Rao Y. Discovery of small molecule degraders for modulating cell cycle. Front Med 2023; 17:823-854. [PMID: 37935945 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The cell cycle is a complex process that involves DNA replication, protein expression, and cell division. Dysregulation of the cell cycle is associated with various diseases. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their corresponding cyclins are major proteins that regulate the cell cycle. In contrast to inhibition, a new approach called proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and molecular glues can eliminate both enzymatic and scaffold functions of CDKs and cyclins, achieving targeted degradation. The field of PROTACs and molecular glues has developed rapidly in recent years. In this article, we aim to summarize the latest developments of CDKs and cyclin protein degraders. The selectivity, application, validation and the current state of each CDK degrader will be overviewed. Additionally, possible methods are discussed for the development of degraders for CDK members that still lack them. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive summary of the latest advancements in CDK and cyclin protein degraders, which will be helpful for researchers working on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhouli Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guangchen Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yongbo Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chao Ai
- Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China.
| | - Yu Rao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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14
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Wang Q, Shi Q, Wang Z, Lu J, Hou J. Integrating plasma proteomes with genome-wide association data for causal protein identification in multiple myeloma. BMC Med 2023; 21:377. [PMID: 37775746 PMCID: PMC10542236 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03086-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) is a severely debilitating and fatal B-cell neoplastic disease. The discovery of disease-associated proteins with causal genetic evidence offers a chance to uncover novel therapeutic targets. METHODS First, we comprehensively investigated the causal association between 2994 proteins and MM through two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using summary-level data from public genome-wide association studies of plasma proteome (N = 3301 healthy individuals) and MM (598 cases and 180,756 controls). Sensitivity analyses were performed for these identified causal proteins. Furthermore, we pursued the exploration of enriched biological pathways, prioritized the therapeutic proteins, and evaluated their druggability using the KEGG pathway analysis, MR-Bayesian model averaging analysis, and cross-reference with current databases, respectively. RESULTS We identified 13 proteins causally associated with MM risk (false discovery rate corrected P < 0.05). Six proteins were positively associated with the risk of MM, including nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT; OR [95% CI]: 1.35 [1.18, 1.55]), tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and EGF-like domains 1 (TIE1; 1.14 [1.06, 1.22]), neutrophil cytosol factor 2 (NCF2; 1.27 [1.12, 1.44]), carbonyl reductase 1, cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D), platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase IB subunit beta (PAFAH1B2). Seven proteins were inversely associated with MM, which referred to suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3; 0.90 [0.86, 0.94]), Fc-gamma receptor III-B (FCGR3B; 0.75 [0.65,0.86]), glypican-1 (GPC1; 0.69 [0.58,0.83]), follistatin-related protein 1, protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 4 (PTPN4), granzyme B, complement C1q subcomponent subunit C (C1QC). Three of the causal proteins, SOCS3, FCGR3B, and NCF2, were enriched in the osteoclast differentiation pathway in KEGG enrichment analyses while GPC1 (marginal inclusion probability (MIP):0.993; model averaged causal effects (MACE): - 0.349), NAMPT (MIP:0.433; MACE: - 0.113), and NCF2 (MIP:0.324; MACE:0.066) ranked among the top three MM-associated proteins according to MR-BMA analyses. Furthermore, therapeutics targeting four proteins are currently under evaluation, five are druggable and four are future breakthrough points. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis revealed a set of 13 novel proteins, including six risk and seven protective proteins, causally linked to MM risk. The discovery of these MM-associated proteins opens up the possibility for identifying novel therapeutic targets, further advancing the integration of genome and proteome data for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangsheng Wang
- Department of Hematology, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiqin Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenqian Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawen Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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15
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Zhuang Y, Li C, Jiang H, Li L, Zhang Y, Yu W, Fu W. Multi-omics investigation of the resistance mechanisms of pomalidomide in multiple myeloma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1264422. [PMID: 37799465 PMCID: PMC10549987 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1264422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite significant therapeutic advances over the last decade, multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease. Pomalidomide is the third Immunomodulatory drug that is commonly used to treat patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. However, approximately half of the patients exhibit resistance to pomalidomide treatment. While previous studies have identified Cereblon as a primary target of Immunomodulatory drugs' anti-myeloma activity, it is crucial to explore additional mechanisms that are currently less understood. Methods To comprehensively investigate the mechanisms of drug resistance, we conducted integrated proteomic and metabonomic analyses of 12 plasma samples from multiple myeloma patients who had varying responses to pomalidomide. Differentially expressed proteins and metabolites were screened, and were further analyzed using pathway analysis and functional correlation analysis. Also, we estimated the cellular proportions based on ssGSEA algorithm. To investigate the potential role of glycine in modulating the response of MM cells to pomalidomide, cell viability and apoptosis were analyzed. Results Our findings revealed a consistent decrease in the levels of complement components in the pomalidomide-resistant group. Additionally, there were significant differences in the proportion of T follicular helper cell and B cells in the resistant group. Furthermore, glycine levels were significantly decreased in pomalidomide-resistant patients, and exogenous glycine administration increased the sensitivity of MM cell lines to pomalidomide. Conclusion These results demonstrate distinct molecular changes in the plasma of resistant patients that could be used as potential biomarkers for identifying resistance mechanisms for pomalidomide in multiple myeloma and developing immune-related therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanteng Zhang
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - WeiJun Fu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Forster S, Radpour R, Ochsenbein AF. Molecular and immunological mechanisms of clonal evolution in multiple myeloma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243997. [PMID: 37744361 PMCID: PMC10516567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the proliferation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). It is known that early genetic mutations in post-germinal center B/plasma cells are the cause of myelomagenesis. The acquisition of additional chromosomal abnormalities and distinct mutations further promote the outgrowth of malignant plasma cell populations that are resistant to conventional treatments, finally resulting in relapsed and therapy-refractory terminal stages of MM. In addition, myeloma cells are supported by autocrine signaling pathways and the tumor microenvironment (TME), which consists of diverse cell types such as stromal cells, immune cells, and components of the extracellular matrix. The TME provides essential signals and stimuli that induce proliferation and/or prevent apoptosis. In particular, the molecular pathways by which MM cells interact with the TME are crucial for the development of MM. To generate successful therapies and prevent MM recurrence, a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive MM progression and therapy resistance is essential. In this review, we summarize key mechanisms that promote myelomagenesis and drive the clonal expansion in the course of MM progression such as autocrine signaling cascades, as well as direct and indirect interactions between the TME and malignant plasma cells. In addition, we highlight drug-resistance mechanisms and emerging therapies that are currently tested in clinical trials to overcome therapy-refractory MM stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Forster
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ramin Radpour
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian F. Ochsenbein
- Tumor Immunology, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Ismail NH, Mussa A, Al-Khreisat MJ, Mohamed Yusoff S, Husin A, Johan MF. Proteomic Alteration in the Progression of Multiple Myeloma: A Comprehensive Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2328. [PMID: 37510072 PMCID: PMC10378430 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy. Most MM patients are diagnosed at a late stage because the early symptoms of the disease can be uncertain and nonspecific, often resembling other, more common conditions. Additionally, MM patients are commonly associated with rapid relapse and an inevitable refractory phase. MM is characterized by the abnormal proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. During the progression of MM, massive genomic alterations occur that target multiple signaling pathways and are accompanied by a multistep process involving differentiation, proliferation, and invasion. Moreover, the transformation of healthy plasma cell biology into genetically heterogeneous MM clones is driven by a variety of post-translational protein modifications (PTMs), which has complicated the discovery of effective treatments. PTMs have been identified as the most promising candidates for biomarker detection, and further research has been recommended to develop promising surrogate markers. Proteomics research has begun in MM, and a comprehensive literature review is available. However, proteomics applications in MM have yet to make significant progress. Exploration of proteomic alterations in MM is worthwhile to improve understanding of the pathophysiology of MM and to search for new treatment targets. Proteomics studies using mass spectrometry (MS) in conjunction with robust bioinformatics tools are an excellent way to learn more about protein changes and modifications during disease progression MM. This article addresses in depth the proteomic changes associated with MM disease transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Hayati Ismail
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ali Mussa
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman P.O. Box 382, Sudan
| | - Mutaz Jamal Al-Khreisat
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Shafini Mohamed Yusoff
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azlan Husin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Farid Johan
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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18
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Qian X, Yang Y, Deng Y, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Han F, Xu Y, Yuan H. SETDB1 induces lenalidomide resistance in multiple myeloma cells via epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and PI3K/AKT pathway activation. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:274. [PMID: 37206551 PMCID: PMC10189757 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
SET domain bifurcated histone lysine methyltransferase 1 (SETDB1) is a histone H3K9 methyltransferase that stimulates cell proliferation by methylating AKT, which contributes to drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM). Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent widely used in the treatment of MM. However, lenalidomide resistance occurs in patients with MM. Currently, the role of SETDB1 in lenalidomide resistance in MM remains unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the functional association between SETDB1 and lenalidomide resistance in MM. The analysis of GEO datasets revealed that SETDB1 was upregulated in lenalidomide-resistant MM cells and that its expression was associated with poor prognosis of patients with MM. Apoptosis analysis revealed that overexpression of SETDB1 in MM cells significantly decreased apoptosis, while knockdown of SETDB1 increased apoptosis. Furthermore, the IC50 value of lenalidomide in MM cells increased following SETDB1 overexpression and decreased following SETDB1 silencing. Additionally, SETDB1 mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activated the PI3K/AKT pathway. Mechanistic analysis revealed that inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling in MM cells increased apoptosis, sensitized the cells to lenalidomide and inhibited EMT, whereas SETDB1 overexpression inhibited the effects of PI3K/AKT cascade inhibition. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that SETDB1 promoted lenalidomide resistance in MM cells by promoting EMT and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Thus, SETDB1 may be a potential therapeutic target for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Qian
- Department of Hematology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangyan, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225500, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangyan, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225500, P.R. China
| | - Yingfen Deng
- Department of Hematology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangyan, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225500, P.R. China
| | - Yali Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangyan, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225500, P.R. China
| | - Yuwen Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangyan, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225500, P.R. China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangyan, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225500, P.R. China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangyan, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225500, P.R. China
| | - Hongjian Yuan
- Department of Hematology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangyan, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225500, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Hongjian Yuan, Department of Hematology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, Medical College of Yangzhou University, 27 Jiankang Road, Jiangyan, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225500, P.R. China
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19
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Kropivsek K, Kachel P, Goetze S, Wegmann R, Festl Y, Severin Y, Hale BD, Mena J, van Drogen A, Dietliker N, Tchinda J, Wollscheid B, Manz MG, Snijder B. Ex vivo drug response heterogeneity reveals personalized therapeutic strategies for patients with multiple myeloma. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:734-753. [PMID: 37081258 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy defined by complex genetics and extensive patient heterogeneity. Despite a growing arsenal of approved therapies, MM remains incurable and in need of guidelines to identify effective personalized treatments. Here, we survey the ex vivo drug and immunotherapy sensitivities across 101 bone marrow samples from 70 patients with MM using multiplexed immunofluorescence, automated microscopy and deep-learning-based single-cell phenotyping. Combined with sample-matched genetics, proteotyping and cytokine profiling, we map the molecular regulatory network of drug sensitivity, implicating the DNA repair pathway and EYA3 expression in proteasome inhibitor sensitivity and major histocompatibility complex class II expression in the response to elotuzumab. Globally, ex vivo drug sensitivity associated with bone marrow microenvironmental signatures reflecting treatment stage, clonality and inflammation. Furthermore, ex vivo drug sensitivity significantly stratified clinical treatment responses, including to immunotherapy. Taken together, our study provides molecular and actionable insights into diverse treatment strategies for patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Kropivsek
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Kachel
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Goetze
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Multi-Omics Center, PHRT-CPAC, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rebekka Wegmann
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yasmin Festl
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yannik Severin
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin D Hale
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Mena
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Audrey van Drogen
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Multi-Omics Center, PHRT-CPAC, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nadja Dietliker
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joëlle Tchinda
- Pediatric Oncology, Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Wollscheid
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Multi-Omics Center, PHRT-CPAC, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus G Manz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich (CCCZ), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Berend Snijder
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich (CCCZ), Zurich, Switzerland.
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20
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Flietner E, Yu M, Poudel G, Veltri AJ, Zhou Y, Rajagopalan A, Feng Y, Lasho T, Wen Z, Sun Y, Patnaik MM, Callander NS, Asimakopoulos F, Wang D, Zhang J. Molecular characterization stratifies VQ myeloma cells into two clusters with distinct risk signatures and drug responses. Oncogene 2023; 42:1751-1762. [PMID: 37031341 PMCID: PMC10367583 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow and extramedullary sites. We previously characterized a VQ model for human high-risk MM. The various VQ lines display different disease phenotypes and survival rates, suggesting significant intra-model variation. Here, we use whole-exome sequencing and copy number variation (CNV) analysis coupled with RNA-Seq to stratify the VQ lines into corresponding clusters: Group A cells had monosomy chromosome (chr) 5 and overexpressed genes and pathways associated with sensitivity to bortezomib (Btz) treatment in human MM patients. By contrast, Group B VQ cells carried recurrent amplification (Amp) of chr3 and displayed high-risk MM features, including downregulation of Fam46c, upregulation of cancer growth pathways associated with functional high-risk MM, and expression of Amp1q and high-risk UAMS-70 and EMC-92 gene signatures. Consistently, in sharp contrast to Group A VQ cells that showed short-term response to Btz, Group B VQ cells were de novo resistant to Btz in vivo. Our study highlights Group B VQ lines as highly representative of the human MM subset with ultrahigh risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Flietner
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Mei Yu
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Govinda Poudel
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | | | - Yun Zhou
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Adhithi Rajagopalan
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Yubin Feng
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Terra Lasho
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Zhi Wen
- Center for Precision Medicine Research, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, 54449, USA
| | - Yuqian Sun
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Mrinal M Patnaik
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA
| | - Natalie S Callander
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UW Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Fotis Asimakopoulos
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Demin Wang
- Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Jing Zhang
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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21
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Yu T, Tian X, Li D, He Y, Yang P, Cheng Y, Zhao X, Sun J, Yang G. Transcriptome, proteome and metabolome analysis provide insights on fat deposition and meat quality in pig. Food Res Int 2023; 166:112550. [PMID: 36914311 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) content, which is an important determinant of meat quality characteristics such as tenderness, juiciness and flavor, has long been a research hotspot. Chinese local pig breeds are famous for their excellent meat quality which is mainly reflected in the high IMF content, strong hydraulic system and et al. However, there are few analysis of meat quality by omics methods. In our study, we identified 12 different fatty acids, 6 different amino acids, 1,262 differentially expression genes (DEGs), 140 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) and 169 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) (p < 0.05) with metabolome, transcriptome, and proteome. It has been found that DEGs, DAPs and DAMs were enriched in the Wnt signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, and Ras signaling pathway which were related to meat quality. Moreover, our Weighted genes co-expression network construction (WGCNA) showed RapGEF1 was the key gene related to IMF content and the RT-qPCR analysis was used to perform validation of the significant genes. In summary, our study provided both fundamental data and new insights to further uncover the secret of pig IMF content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuekai Tian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yulin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingchun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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22
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Kulig P, Milczarek S, Bakinowska E, Szalewska L, Baumert B, Machaliński B. Lenalidomide in Multiple Myeloma: Review of Resistance Mechanisms, Current Treatment Strategies and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:963. [PMID: 36765919 PMCID: PMC9913106 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy, accounting for approximately 1% of all cancers. Despite the initial poor prognosis for MM patients, their life expectancy has improved significantly with the development of novel agents. Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) are widely used in MM therapy. Their implementation has been a milestone in improving the clinical outcomes of patients. The first molecule belonging to the IMiDs was thalidomide. Subsequently, its novel derivatives, lenalidomide (LEN) and pomalidomide (POM), were implemented. Almost all MM patients are exposed to LEN, which is the most commonly used IMiD. Despite the potent anti-MM activity of LEN, some patients eventually relapse and become LEN-resistant. Drug resistance is one of the greatest challenges of modern oncology and has become the main cause of cancer treatment failures. The number of patients receiving LEN is increasing, hence the problem of LEN resistance has become a great obstacle for hematologists worldwide. In this review, we intended to shed more light on the pathophysiology of LEN resistance in MM, with particular emphasis on the molecular background. Moreover, we have briefly summarized strategies to overcome LEN resistance and we have outlined future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kulig
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Milczarek
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Estera Bakinowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Laura Szalewska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Baumert
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
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23
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Fuchs O. Targeting cereblon in hematologic malignancies. Blood Rev 2023; 57:100994. [PMID: 35933246 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The protein cereblon (CRBN) is a substrate receptor of the cullin 4-really interesting new gene (RING) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex CRL4CRBN. Targeting CRBN mediates selective protein ubiquitination and subsequent degradation via the proteasome. This review describes novel thalidomide analogs, immunomodulatory drugs, also known as CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase modulators or molecular glues (avadomide, iberdomide, CC-885, CC-90009, BTX-1188, CC-92480, CC-99282, CFT7455, and CC-91633), and CRBN-based proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) with increased efficacy and potent activity for application in hematologic malignancies. Both types of CRBN-binding drugs, molecular glues, and PROTACs stimulate the interaction between CRBN and its neosubstrates, recruiting target disease-promoting proteins and the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL4CRBN. Proteins that are traditionally difficult to target (transcription factors and oncoproteins) can be polyubiquitinated and degraded in this way. The competition of CRBN neosubstrates with endogenous CRBN-interacting proteins and the pharmacology and rational combination therapies of and mechanisms of resistance to CRL4CRBN modulators or CRBN-based PROTACs are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ota Fuchs
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 12800 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
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24
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Zhai LH, Chen KF, Hao BB, Tan MJ. Proteomic characterization of post-translational modifications in drug discovery. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:3112-3129. [PMID: 36372853 PMCID: PMC9712763 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), which are usually enzymatically catalyzed, are major regulators of protein activity and involved in almost all celluar processes. Dysregulation of PTMs is associated with various types of diseases. Therefore, PTM regulatory enzymes represent as an attractive and important class of targets in drug research and development. Inhibitors against kinases, methyltransferases, deacetyltransferases, ubiquitin ligases have achieved remarkable success in clinical application. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics technologies serve as a powerful approach for system-wide characterization of PTMs, which facilitates the identification of drug targets, elucidation of the mechanisms of action of drugs, and discovery of biomakers in personalized therapy. In this review, we summarize recent advances of proteomics-based studies on PTM targeting drugs and discuss how proteomics strategies facilicate drug target identification, mechanism elucidation, and new therapy development in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hui Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Zhongshan Institute of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhongshan, 528400, China
| | - Kai-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bing-Bing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Min-Jia Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Zhongshan Institute of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhongshan, 528400, China.
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25
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Chen LY, Gooding S. Tumor and microenvironmental mechanisms of resistance to immunomodulatory drugs in multiple myeloma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1038329. [PMID: 36439455 PMCID: PMC9682014 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1038329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs®) is a major cause of treatment failure, disease relapse and ultimately poorer outcomes in multiple myeloma (MM). In order to optimally deploy IMiDs and their newer derivates CRBN E3 ligase modulators (CELMoDs®) into future myeloma therapeutic regimens, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms behind the inevitable emergence of IMiD resistance. IMiDs bind and modulate Cereblon (CRBN), the substrate receptor of the CUL4CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase, to target novel substrate proteins for ubiquitination and degradation. Most important of these are IKZF1 and IKZF3, key MM survival transcription factors which sustain the expression of myeloma oncogenes IRF4 and MYC. IMiDs directly target MM cell proliferation, but also stimulate T/NK cell activation by their CRBN-mediated effects, and therefore enhance anti-MM immunity. Thus, their benefits in myeloma are directed against tumor and immune microenvironment - and in considering the mechanisms by which IMiD resistance emerges, both these effects must be appraised. CRBN-dependent mechanisms of IMiD resistance, including CRBN genetic aberrations, CRBN protein loss and CRBN-substrate binding defects, are beginning to be understood. However, only a proportion of IMiD-resistant cases are related to CRBN and therefore additional mechanisms, which are currently less well described, need to be sought. These include resistance within the immune microenvironment. Here we review the existing evidence on both tumor and immune microenvironment mechanisms of resistance to IMiDs, pose important questions for future study, and consider how knowledge regarding resistance mechanism may be utilized to guide treatment decision making in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Y. Chen
- Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Translational Myeloma Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Gooding
- Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Translational Myeloma Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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26
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Wu J, Chu E, Paul B, Kang Y. Mechanistic Studies and a Retrospective Cohort Study: The Interaction between PPAR Agonists and Immunomodulatory Agents in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215272. [PMID: 36358696 PMCID: PMC9657746 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists downregulated cereblon (CRBN) expression and reduced the anti-myeloma activity of lenalidomide in vitro and in vivo. We aimed to determine whether DNA methylation and protein degradation contribute to the effects of PPAR agonists. CRBN promoter methylation status was detected using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. The CRBN protein degradation rate was measured using a cycloheximide chase assay. Metabolomic analysis was performed in multiple myeloma (MM) cells treated with PPAR agonists and/or lenalidomide. Our retrospective study determined the effect of co-administration of PPAR agonists with immunomodulatory drugs on the outcomes of patients with MM. CpG islands of the CRBN promoter region became highly methylated upon treatment with PPAR agonists, whereas treatment with PPAR antagonists resulted in unmethylation. The CRBN protein was rapidly degraded after treatment with PPAR agonists. Lenalidomide and fenofibrate showed opposite effects on acylcarnitines and amino acids. Co-administration of immunomodulatory drugs and PPAR agonists was associated with inferior treatment responses and poor survival. Our study provides the first evidence that PPAR agonists reduce CRBN expression through various mechanisms including inducing methylation of CRBN promoter CpG island, enhancing CRBN protein degradation, and affecting metabolomics of MM cells.
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Sha Y, Wu J, Paul B, Zhao Y, Mathews P, Li Z, Norris J, Wang E, McDonnell DP, Kang Y. PPAR agonists attenuate lenalidomide's anti-myeloma activity in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett 2022; 545:215832. [PMID: 35872263 PMCID: PMC10355274 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Many patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have comorbidities and are treated with PPAR agonists. Immunomodulatory agents (IMiDs) are the cornerstones for MM therapy. Currently, little is known about how co-administration of PPAR agonists impacts lenalidomide treatment in patients with MM. Here, we determined the effects of PPAR agonists on anti-myeloma activities of lenalidomide in vitro and in a myeloma xenograft mouse model. Genetic overexpression and CRISPR/cas9 knockout experiments were performed to determine the role of CRBN in the PPAR-mediated pathway. A retrospective cohort study was performed to determine the correlation of PPAR expression with the outcomes of patients with MM. PPAR agonists down-regulated CRBN expression and reduced the anti-myeloma efficacy of lenalidomide in vitro and in vivo. Co-treatment with PPAR antagonists increased CRBN expression and improved sensitivity to lenalidomide. PPAR expression was higher in bone marrow cells of patients with newly diagnosed MM than in normal control bone marrow samples. High PPAR expression was correlated with poor clinical outcomes. Our study provides the first evidence that PPARs transcriptionally regulate CRBN and that drug-drug interactions between PPAR agonists and IMiDs may impact myeloma treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Sha
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Barry Paul
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Parker Mathews
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Duke Cancer Institute Bioinformatics Shared Resources, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John Norris
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Endi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Donald P McDonnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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CRL4 CRBN E3 Ligase Complex as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184492. [PMID: 36139651 PMCID: PMC9496858 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) are effective in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and other hematological malignancies. Cereblon (CRBN), a target of IMiDs, forms the CRL4 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL4CRBN) with DDB1, CUL4A and RBX1. The insight into the molecular mechanism of IMiDs action has advanced dramatically since the identification of cereblon (CRBN) as their direct target. Targeting CRBN by IMiDs modifies CRL4CRBN substrate specificity towards non-physiological protein targets which are subsequently ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome. To date, IMiDs are the only known group of protein degraders used in clinical practice. This review provides the current state of knowledge about thalidomide and its derivatives’ mechanisms of action, and highlights the future perspectives for targeted protein degraders. Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy with a recurrent clinical course. The introduction of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) was one of the milestones in MM therapy leading to a significant improvement in patients’ prognosis. Currently, IMiDs are the backbone of MM therapy in newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory settings. It is now known that IMiDs exert their anti-myeloma activity mainly by binding cereblon (CRBN), the substrate receptor protein of the CRL4 E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL4CRBN) complex. By binding CRBN, IMiDs alter its substrate specificity, leading to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of proteins essential for MM cell survival. Following the success of IMiDs, it is not surprising that the possibility of using the CRL4CRBN complex’s activity to treat MM is being further explored. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about novel players in the MM therapeutic landscape, namely the CRBN E3 ligase modulators (CELMoDs), the next generation of IMiDs with broader biological activity. In addition, we discuss a new strategy of tailored proteolysis called proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) using the CRL4CRBN to degrade typically undruggable proteins, which may have relevance for the treatment of MM and other malignancies in the future.
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Dima D, Jiang D, Singh DJ, Hasipek M, Shah HS, Ullah F, Khouri J, Maciejewski JP, Jha BK. Multiple Myeloma Therapy: Emerging Trends and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174082. [PMID: 36077618 PMCID: PMC9454959 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a complex hematologic malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow that secrete large amounts of immunoglobulins and other non-functional proteins. Despite decades of progress and several landmark therapeutic advancements, MM remains incurable in most cases. Standard of care frontline therapies have limited durable efficacy, with the majority of patients eventually relapsing, either early or later. Induced drug resistance via up-modulations of signaling cascades that circumvent the effect of drugs and the emergence of genetically heterogeneous sub-clones are the major causes of the relapsed-refractory state of MM. Cytopenias from cumulative treatment toxicity and disease refractoriness limit therapeutic options, hence creating an urgent need for innovative approaches effective against highly heterogeneous myeloma cell populations. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the current and future treatment paradigm of MM, and highlight the gaps in therapeutic translations of recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of emerging preclinical research in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai Dima
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Dongxu Jiang
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Divya Jyoti Singh
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Metis Hasipek
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Haikoo S. Shah
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Fauzia Ullah
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jack Khouri
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Babal K. Jha
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Correspondence:
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SUMOylation inhibition overcomes proteasome inhibitor resistance in multiple myeloma. Blood Adv 2022; 7:469-481. [PMID: 35917568 PMCID: PMC9979771 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibition is a highly effective treatment for multiple myeloma (MM). However, virtually all patients develop proteasome inhibitor resistance, which is associated with a poor prognosis. Hyperactive small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) signaling is involved in both cancer pathogenesis and cancer progression. A state of increased SUMOylation has been associated with aggressive cancer biology. We found that relapsed/refractory MM is characterized by a SUMO-high state, and high expression of the SUMO E1-activating enzyme (SAE1/UBA2) is associated with poor overall survival. Consistently, continuous treatment of MM cell lines with carfilzomib (CFZ) enhanced SUMO pathway activity. Treatment of MM cell lines with the SUMO E1-activating enzyme inhibitor subasumstat (TAK-981) showed synergy with CFZ in both CFZ-sensitive and CFZ-resistant MM cell lines, irrespective of the TP53 state. Combination therapy was effective in primary MM cells and in 2 murine MM xenograft models. Mechanistically, combination treatment with subasumstat and CFZ enhanced genotoxic and proteotoxic stress, and induced apoptosis was associated with activity of the prolyl isomerase PIN1. In summary, our findings reveal activated SUMOylation as a therapeutic target in MM and point to combined SUMO/proteasome inhibition as a novel and potent strategy for the treatment of proteasome inhibitor-resistant MM.
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Lin Z, Woo CM. Methods to characterize and discover molecular degraders in cells. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7115-7137. [PMID: 35899832 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00261b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cells use many post-translational modifications (PTMs) to tailor proteins and transduce cellular signals. Recent years have witnessed the rapid growth of small molecule and enzymatic strategies to purposely manipulate one particular PTM, ubiquitination, on desired target proteins in cells. These approaches typically act by induced proximity between an E3 ligase and a target protein resulting in ubiquitination and degradation of the substrate in cells. In this review, we cover recent approaches to study molecular degraders and discover their induced substrates in vitro and in live cells. Methods that have been adapted and applied to the development of molecular degraders are described, including global proteomics, affinity-purification, chemical proteomics and enzymatic strategies. Extension of these strategies to edit additional PTMs in cells is also discussed. This review is intended to assist researchers who are interested in editing PTMs with new modalities to select suitable method(s) and guide their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
| | - Christina M Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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Drula R, Iluta S, Gulei D, Iuga C, Dima D, Ghiaur G, Buzoianu AD, Ciechanover A, Tomuleasa C. Exploiting the ubiquitin system in myeloid malignancies. From basic research to drug discovery in MDS and AML. Blood Rev 2022; 56:100971. [PMID: 35595613 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system is the crucial homeostatic mechanism responsible for the degradation and turnover of proteins. As such, alterations at this level are often associated with oncogenic processes, either through accumulation of undegraded pathway effectors or, conversely, excessive degradation of tumor-suppressing factors. Therefore, investigation of the ubiquitin- proteasome system has gained much attraction in recent years, especially in the context of hematological malignancies, giving rise to efficient therapeutics such as bortezomib for multiple myeloma. Current investigations are now focused on manipulating protein degradation via fine-tuning of the ubiquitination process through inhibition of deubiquitinating enzymes or development of PROTAC systems for stimulation of ubiquitination and protein degradation. On the other hand, the efficiency of Thalidomide derivates in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), such as Lenalidomide, acted as the starting point for the development of targeted leukemia-associated protein degradation molecules. These novel molecules display high efficiency in overcoming the limitations of current therapeutic regimens, such as refractory diseases. Therefore, in this manuscript we will address the therapeutic opportunities and strategies based on the ubiquitin-proteasome system, ranging from the modulation of deubiquitinating enzymes and, conversely, describing the potential of modern targeted protein degrading molecules and their progress into clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rares Drula
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine - MedFUTURE, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Sabina Iluta
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania; Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine - MedFUTURE, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Iuga
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine - MedFUTURE, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Delia Dima
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anca Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine - MedFUTURE, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania; Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania; Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel; Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine - MedFUTURE, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania; Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania; Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Clinical Cancer Center, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
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