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Wang Y, Yang JS, Zhao M, Chen JQ, Xie HX, Yu HY, Liu NH, Yi ZJ, Liang HL, Xing L, Jiang HL. Mitochondrial endogenous substance transport-inspired nanomaterials for mitochondria-targeted gene delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 211:115355. [PMID: 38849004 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) independent of nuclear gene is a set of double-stranded circular DNA that encodes 13 proteins, 2 ribosomal RNAs and 22 mitochondrial transfer RNAs, all of which play vital roles in functions as well as behaviors of mitochondria. Mutations in mtDNA result in various mitochondrial disorders without available cures. However, the manipulation of mtDNA via the mitochondria-targeted gene delivery faces formidable barriers, particularly owing to the mitochondrial double membrane. Given the fact that there are various transport channels on the mitochondrial membrane used to transfer a variety of endogenous substances to maintain the normal functions of mitochondria, mitochondrial endogenous substance transport-inspired nanomaterials have been proposed for mitochondria-targeted gene delivery. In this review, we summarize mitochondria-targeted gene delivery systems based on different mitochondrial endogenous substance transport pathways. These are categorized into mitochondrial steroid hormones import pathways-inspired nanomaterials, protein import pathways-inspired nanomaterials and other mitochondria-targeted gene delivery nanomaterials. We also review the applications and challenges involved in current mitochondrial gene editing systems. This review delves into the approaches of mitochondria-targeted gene delivery, providing details on the design of mitochondria-targeted delivery systems and the limitations regarding the various technologies. Despite the progress in this field is currently slow, the ongoing exploration of mitochondrial endogenous substance transport and mitochondrial biological phenomena may act as a crucial breakthrough in the targeted delivery of gene into mitochondria and even the manipulation of mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing-Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia-Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hai-Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hao-Yuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Na-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zi-Juan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui-Lin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hu-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.
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2
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Islam MR, Youngblood M, Kim HI, González-Gamboa I, Monroy-Borrego AG, Caparco AA, Lowry GV, Steinmetz NF, Giraldo JP. DNA Delivery by Virus-Like Nanocarriers in Plant Cells. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7833-7842. [PMID: 38887996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV)-like nanocarriers were designed for gene delivery to plant cells. High aspect ratio TMGMVs were coated with a polycationic biopolymer, poly(allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH), to generate highly charged nanomaterials (TMGMV-PAH; 56.20 ± 4.7 mV) that efficiently load (1:6 TMGMV:DNA mass ratio) and deliver single-stranded and plasmid DNA to plant cells. The TMGMV-PAH were taken up through energy-independent mechanisms in Arabidopsis protoplasts. TMGMV-PAH delivered a plasmid DNA encoding a green fluorescent protein (GFP) to the protoplast nucleus (70% viability), as evidenced by GFP expression using confocal microscopy and Western blot analysis. TMGMV-PAH were inactivated (iTMGMV-PAH) using UV cross-linking to prevent systemic infection in intact plants. Inactivated iTMGMV-PAH-mediated pDNA delivery and gene expression of GFP in vivo was determined using confocal microscopy and RT-qPCR. Virus-like nanocarrier-mediated gene delivery can act as a facile and biocompatible tool for advancing genetic engineering in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Reyazul Islam
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Marina Youngblood
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Hye-In Kim
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Ivonne González-Gamboa
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | | | - Adam A Caparco
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Gregory V Lowry
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, Center for Nano-Immuno Engineering, Shu and K.C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, Moores Cancer Center, and Center for Engineering in Cancer, Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Juan Pablo Giraldo
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92507, United States
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3
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Yang CW, Xie G, Yuan L, Hu Y, Sheng GP. Harnessing Multiscale Physiochemical Interactions on Nanobiointerface for Enhanced Stress Resilience in Rice. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14617-14628. [PMID: 38759100 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Nanoagrochemicals present promising solutions for augmenting conventional agriculture, while insufficient utilization of nanobiointerfacial interactions hinders their field application. This work investigates the multiscale physiochemical interactions between nanoagrochemicals and rice (Oryza sativa L.) leaves and devises a strategy for elevating targeting efficiency of nanoagrochemicals and stress resilience of rice. We identified multiple deposition behaviors of nanoagrochemicals on hierarchically structured leaves and demonstrated the crucial role of leaf microarchitectures. A transition from the Cassie-Baxter to the Wenzel state significantly changed the deposition behavior from superlattice assembly, ring-shaped aggregation to uniform monolayer deposition. By fine-tuning the formulation properties, we achieved a 415.9-fold surge in retention efficiency, and enhanced the sustainability of nanoagrochemicals by minimizing loss during long-term application. This biointerface design significantly relieved the growth inhibition of Cd(II) pollutant on rice plants with a 95.2% increase in biomass after foliar application of SiO2 nanoagrochemicals. Our research elucidates the intricate interplay between leaf structural attributes, nanobiointerface design, and biological responses of plants, fostering field application of nanoagrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Wang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ge Xie
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Li Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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4
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Wani AK, Khan Z, Sena S, Akhtar N, Alreshdi MA, Yadav KK, Alkahtani AM, Wani AW, Rahayu F, Tafakresnanto C, Latifah E, Hariyono B, Arifin Z, Eltayeb LB. Carbon nanotubes in plant dynamics: Unravelling multifaceted roles and phytotoxic implications. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108628. [PMID: 38636256 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as a promising frontier in plant science owing to their unique physicochemical properties and versatile applications. CNTs enhance stress tolerance by improving water dynamics and nutrient uptake and activating defence mechanisms against abiotic and biotic stresses. They can be taken up by roots and translocated within the plant, impacting water retention, nutrient assimilation, and photosynthesis. CNTs have shown promise in modulating plant-microbe interactions, influencing symbiotic relationships and mitigating the detrimental effects of phytopathogens. CNTs have demonstrated the ability to modulate gene expression in plants, offering a powerful tool for targeted genetic modifications. The integration of CNTs as sensing elements in plants has opened new avenues for real-time monitoring of environmental conditions and early detection of stress-induced changes. In the realm of agrochemicals, CNTs have been explored for their potential as carriers for targeted delivery of nutrients, pesticides, and other bioactive compounds. CNTs have the potential to demonstrate phytotoxic effects, detrimentally influencing both the growth and developmental processes of plants. Phytotoxicity is characterized by induction of oxidative stress, impairment of cellular integrity, disruption of photosynthetic processes, perturbation of nutrient homeostasis, and alterations in gene expression. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the multifaceted roles of CNTs in plant physiology, emphasizing their potential applications and addressing the existing challenges in translating this knowledge into sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Khurshid Wani
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Zehra Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, 45142 Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saikat Sena
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, 144411, Punjab, India
| | | | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal, 4620044, India; Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq
| | - Abdullah M Alkahtani
- Department of Microbiology & Clinical Parasitology College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ab Waheed Wani
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Farida Rahayu
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Chendy Tafakresnanto
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Evy Latifah
- Research Center for Horticulture, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Budi Hariyono
- Research Center for Estate Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research Innovation Agenc (BRIN), Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Zainal Arifin
- Research Center for Horticulture, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Lienda Bashier Eltayeb
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin AbdulAziz University-Al-Kharj, 11942, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Wu Y, Wang Z, Li S, Su J. Terahertz electric field induced melting and transport of monolayer water confined in double-walled carbon nanotubes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10919-10931. [PMID: 38525864 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the structures and dynamics of confined water in nanochannels holds great promise for various applications, ranging from membrane separation to blue energy collection. A setting of particular interest is the confined monolayer water within double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs), which demonstrates rich ice morphologies; however, the dynamics of this peculiar system are still unexplored. In this work, a series of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal that the two-dimensional ice in DWCNTs can be effectively melted by terahertz electric fields but not by static electric fields, exhibiting an interesting ice to vapor-like transition along with extraordinary dynamical behaviors. Specifically, under appropriate field frequency, the water flow presents a sharp increase with the increase in field strength, indicating an excellent gating behavior. These remarkable findings are attributed to the resonance effect between the terahertz electric field and inherent vibration of water hydrogen bonds, causing the water molecules to change from the frozen to super permeation states. The amount of confined water exhibits a sudden reduction, confirming the breakdown of the hydrogen bond network. The distributions of density profiles, hydrogen bond number and dipole orientation demonstrate more details of the water structural change. Furthermore, under a certain field strength, the water flow shows a peculiar maximum behavior with the increase in field frequency, implying frequency optimization for water transport. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the phase transition behavior of water molecules confined within DWCNTs under the influence of a terahertz electric field but also provide a promising avenue for designing innovative nanofluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing, and Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Zi Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing, and Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing, and Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Jiaye Su
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing, and Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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6
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Krasley A, Li E, Galeana JM, Bulumulla C, Beyene AG, Demirer GS. Carbon Nanomaterial Fluorescent Probes and Their Biological Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3085-3185. [PMID: 38478064 PMCID: PMC10979413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon nanomaterials have broadly useful chemical and photophysical attributes that are conducive to applications in biology. In this review, we focus on materials whose photophysics allow for the use of these materials in biomedical and environmental applications, with emphasis on imaging, biosensing, and cargo delivery. The review focuses primarily on graphitic carbon nanomaterials including graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, as well as carbon dots and carbon nanohoops. Recent advances in and future prospects of these fields are discussed at depth, and where appropriate, references to reviews pertaining to older literature are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
T. Krasley
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Eugene Li
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jesus M. Galeana
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chandima Bulumulla
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Abraham G. Beyene
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Gozde S. Demirer
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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7
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Shi Y, Zhen X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Koo S, Saiding Q, Kong N, Liu G, Chen W, Tao W. Chemically Modified Platforms for Better RNA Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2024; 124:929-1033. [PMID: 38284616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
RNA-based therapies have catalyzed a revolutionary transformation in the biomedical landscape, offering unprecedented potential in disease prevention and treatment. However, despite their remarkable achievements, these therapies encounter substantial challenges including low stability, susceptibility to degradation by nucleases, and a prominent negative charge, thereby hindering further development. Chemically modified platforms have emerged as a strategic innovation, focusing on precise alterations either on the RNA moieties or their associated delivery vectors. This comprehensive review delves into these platforms, underscoring their significance in augmenting the performance and translational prospects of RNA-based therapeutics. It encompasses an in-depth analysis of various chemically modified delivery platforms that have been instrumental in propelling RNA therapeutics toward clinical utility. Moreover, the review scrutinizes the rationale behind diverse chemical modification techniques aiming at optimizing the therapeutic efficacy of RNA molecules, thereby facilitating robust disease management. Recent empirical studies corroborating the efficacy enhancement of RNA therapeutics through chemical modifications are highlighted. Conclusively, we offer profound insights into the transformative impact of chemical modifications on RNA drugs and delineates prospective trajectories for their future development and clinical integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesi Shi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xueyan Zhen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yongjiang Li
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Seyoung Koo
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Qimanguli Saiding
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Na Kong
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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8
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Mukherjee S, Roy S, Arnao MB. Nanovehicles for melatonin: a new journey for agriculture. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:232-248. [PMID: 38123438 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The important role of melatonin in plant growth and metabolism together with recent advances in the potential use of nanomaterials have opened up interesting applications in agriculture. Various nanovehicles have been explored as melatonin carriers in animals, and it is now important to explore their application in plants. Recent findings have substantiated the use of silicon and chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) in targeting melatonin to plant tissues. Although melatonin is an amphipathic molecule, nanocarriers can accelerate its uptake and transport to various plant organs, thereby relieving stress and improving plant shelf-life in the post-harvest stages. We review the scope and biosafety concerns of various nanomaterials to devise novel methods for melatonin application in crops and post-harvest products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, West Bengal 742213, India
| | - Suchismita Roy
- Department for Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Marino B Arnao
- Phytohormones and Plant Development Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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9
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Odahara M, Ara MT, Nakagawa R, Horii Y, Ishio S, Ogita S, Numata K. A multiple shoot induction system for peptide-mediated gene delivery into plastids in Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana benthamiana, and Fragaria× ananassa. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2023; 40:263-271. [PMID: 38434117 PMCID: PMC10905367 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.23.0501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The plastid is a promising target for the production of valuable biomolecules via genetic engineering. We recently developed a plastid-specific gene delivery system for leaves or seedlings using KH-AtOEP34, a functional peptide composed of the polycationic DNA-binding peptide KH and the Arabidopsis thaliana plastid-targeting peptide OEP34. Here, we established a liquid culture system for inducing multiple shoots in the model plants A. thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana and the crop plant strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa) and tested the use of these plant materials for peptide-mediated gene delivery to plastids. Our liquid culture system efficiently induced multiple shoots that were enriched in meristems. Using these meristems, we performed KH-AtOEP34-mediated gene delivery to plastids and tested the delivery and integration of a cassette composed of the spectinomycin resistance gene aadA, the GFP reporter gene, and sequences homologous to plastid DNA. Genotyping PCR revealed the integration of the cassette DNA into plastid DNA several days after delivery in all three plants. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and immunoblotting confirmed the presence of plasmid-derived GFP in the plastids of meristems, indicating that the plasmid DNA was successfully integrated into plastid DNA and that the cassette was expressed. These results suggest the meristems developed in our liquid culture system are applicable to peptide-mediated delivery of exogeneous DNA into plastids. The multiple shoots generated in our liquid novel culture system represent promising materials for in planta peptide-mediated plastid transformation in combination with spectinomycin selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Odahara
- Biomacromolecule Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Most Tanziman Ara
- Biomacromolecule Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Remi Nakagawa
- Resources Group, Tsukuba Research Institute, Sumitomo Forestry Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2646, Japan
| | - Yoko Horii
- Biomacromolecule Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shougo Ishio
- Resources Group, Tsukuba Research Institute, Sumitomo Forestry Co., Ltd., Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2646, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Ogita
- Department of Local Resources, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecule Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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10
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Pawar P, Anumalla S, Sharma S. Role of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in transgenic plant development. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:3493-3500. [PMID: 37691181 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanostructures, allotropes of carbon which are made up of graphene sheets wrapped around it forming cylindrical structures. CNTs have been regarded to have interesting and attractive physical and chemical properties and have been tremendously used in genetic engineering. Understanding the role of CNTs in development of transgenic plants, review of research papers in the field was done. CNTs are classified into two categories: the single-walled and multiwalled (MWCNTs) structures. They are valuable vectors in various biomedicine fields such as Gene delivery, Drug delivery, Immunotherapy, Tissue engineering, and Biomedical imaging and also, they deliver the DNA without damaging the cells. Based on recent studies, the functionalization of CNTs when combined with some other suitable molecules can drastically subside their toxic effects. Having unique properties such as small size, larger surface area is useful in delivering DNA into mammalian cells as well. Modifications in CNTs can make nucleic acids adhere to them even more efficiently. Also, MWCNTs are crucial in delivery DNA into the cytoplasm. Based on other methods, the CNTs-DNA are a preferred choice and the inclination toward double-stranded DNA is used over single-stranded DNA in gene delivery shows effective results. The only downside of CNTs is that they are hydrophobic and are difficult to form an aqueous solution, thus limiting their applicability. This review will aid you in comprehending useful knowledge related to a general overview of topics related to CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praniti Pawar
- Department of Life Sciences, K.C. College, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Suvarna Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, K.C. College, Mumbai, India
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11
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Zhu X, He M, Zhang J, Jiang Y. Synergistic catalysis and detection of hydrogen peroxide based on a 3D-dimensional molybdenum disulfide interspersed carbon nanotubes nanonetwork immobilized chloroperoxidase biosensor. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 154:108507. [PMID: 37451043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors are promising for a wide range of applications due to their unique specificity and high sensitivity. In this work, we present a novel enzyme bioelectrode for the sensing of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The molybdenum disulfide nanoflowers (MoS2) is self-assembled on carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNT) to form a three-dimensional conductive network (3D-CNT@MoS2), which is modified with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (ILEMB), and followed by anchoring chloroperoxidase (CPO) onto the nanocomposite (3D-CNT@MoS2/ILEMB) through covalent binding to form a bioconjugate (3D-CNT@MoS2/ILEMB/CPO). The ILEMB modified 3D-CNT@MoS2/ILEMB has good hydrophilicity and conductivity, which not only provides a suitable microenvironment for the immobilization of CPO but also facilitates the direct electron transfer (DET) of CPO at the electrode. The 3D-CNT@MoS2/ILEMB/CPO bioconjugate modified electrode has a high catalytic efficiency for H2O2. Through electroenzymatic synergistic catalysis for H2O2 detection by 3D-CNT@MoS2/ILEMB/CPO-GCE, a wide detection range of 0.2 μmol·L-1 to 997 μmol·L-1 and a low detection limit of 0.097 μmol・L-1 with high sensitivity of 1050 µA·mmol·L-1·cm-2 were achieved. Additionally, the 3D-CNT@MoS2/ILEMB/CPO-GCE displayed exceptional stability, selectivity, and reproducibility. Furthermore, 3D-CNT@MoS2/ILEMB/CPO-GCE is suitable for sensing of H2O2 in human urine s with good recovery, suggesting its potential application for the detection of H2O2 in biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China.
| | - Meng He
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China.
| | - Yucheng Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China.
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12
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Komarova T, Ilina I, Taliansky M, Ershova N. Nanoplatforms for the Delivery of Nucleic Acids into Plant Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16665. [PMID: 38068987 PMCID: PMC10706211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocarriers are widely used for efficient delivery of different cargo into mammalian cells; however, delivery into plant cells remains a challenging issue due to physical and mechanical barriers such as the cuticle and cell wall. Here, we discuss recent progress on biodegradable and biosafe nanomaterials that were demonstrated to be applicable to the delivery of nucleic acids into plant cells. This review covers studies the object of which is the plant cell and the cargo for the nanocarrier is either DNA or RNA. The following nanoplatforms that could be potentially used for nucleic acid foliar delivery via spraying are discussed: mesoporous silica nanoparticles, layered double hydroxides (nanoclay), carbon-based materials (carbon dots and single-walled nanotubes), chitosan and, finally, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). Hybrid nanomaterials, for example, chitosan- or CPP-functionalized carbon nanotubes, are taken into account. The selected nanocarriers are analyzed according to the following aspects: biosafety, adjustability for the particular cargo and task (e.g., organelle targeting), penetration efficiency and ability to protect nucleic acid from environmental and cellular factors (pH, UV, nucleases, etc.) and to mediate the gradual and timely release of cargo. In addition, we discuss the method of application, experimental system and approaches that are used to assess the efficiency of the tested formulation in the overviewed studies. This review presents recent progress in developing the most promising nanoparticle-based materials that are applicable to both laboratory experiments and field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Komarova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.I.); (M.T.); (N.E.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Ilina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.I.); (M.T.); (N.E.)
| | - Michael Taliansky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.I.); (M.T.); (N.E.)
| | - Natalia Ershova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.I.); (M.T.); (N.E.)
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Abe N, Fujita S, Miyamoto T, Tsuchiya K, Numata K. Plant Mitochondrial-Targeted Gene Delivery by Peptide/DNA Micelles Quantitatively Surface-Modified with Mitochondrial Targeting and Membrane-Penetrating Peptides. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3657-3665. [PMID: 37385607 PMCID: PMC10428155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant mitochondria play essential roles in metabolism and respiration. Recently, there has been growing interest in mitochondrial transformation for developing crops with commercially valuable traits, such as resistance to environmental stress and shorter fallow periods. Mitochondrial targeting and cell membrane penetration functions are crucial for improving the gene delivery efficiency of mitochondrial transformation. Here, we developed a peptide-based carrier, referred to as Cytcox/KAibA-Mic, that contains multifunctional peptides for efficient transfection into plant mitochondria. We quantified the mitochondrial targeting and cell membrane-penetrating peptide modification rates to control their functions. The modification rates were easily determined from high-performance liquid chromatography chromatograms. Additionally, the gene carrier size remained constant even when the mitochondrial targeting peptide modification rate was altered. Using this gene carrier, we can quantitatively investigate the relationships between various peptide modifications and transfection efficiency and optimize the gene carrier conditions for mitochondrial transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Abe
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Seiya Fujita
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takaaki Miyamoto
- Biomacromolecules
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, 2-1
Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan
| | - Kousuke Tsuchiya
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Department
of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Biomacromolecules
Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable
Resource Science, 2-1
Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan
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14
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Sun Z, Wu Y, Fan P, Guo D, Zhang S, Song C. Assembly and analysis of the mitochondrial genome of Prunella vulgaris. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1237822. [PMID: 37600185 PMCID: PMC10433383 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1237822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Prunella vulgaris (Lamiaceae) is widely distributed in Eurasia. Former studies have demonstrated that P. vulgaris has a wide range of pharmacological effects. Nevertheless, no complete P. vulgaris mitochondrial genome has been reported, which limits further understanding of the biology of P. vulgaris. Here, we assembled the first complete mitochondrial genome of P. vulgaris using a hybrid assembly strategy based on sequencing data from both Nanopore and Illumina platforms. Then, the mitochondrial genome of P. vulgaris was analyzed comprehensively in terms of gene content, codon preference, intercellular gene transfer, phylogeny, and RNA editing. The mitochondrial genome of P. vulgaris has two circular structures. It has a total length of 297, 777 bp, a GC content of 43.92%, and 29 unique protein-coding genes (PCGs). There are 76 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in the mitochondrial genome, of which tetrameric accounts for a large percentage (43.4%). A comparative analysis between the mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes revealed that 36 homologous fragments exist in them, with a total length of 28, 895 bp. The phylogenetic analysis showed that P. vulgaris belongs to the Lamiales family Lamiaceae and P. vulgaris is closely related to Salvia miltiorrhiza. In addition, the mitochondrial genome sequences of seven species of Lamiaceae are unconservative in their alignments and undergo frequent genome reorganization. This work reports for the first time the complete mitochondrial genome of P. vulgaris, which provides useful genetic information for further Prunella studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Sun
- Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Wu
- Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengyu Fan
- Wuhan Benagen Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dengli Guo
- Wuhan Benagen Technology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sanyin Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chi Song
- Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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15
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Su W, Xu M, Radani Y, Yang L. Technological Development and Application of Plant Genetic Transformation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10646. [PMID: 37445824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic transformation is an important strategy for enhancing plant biomass or resistance in response to adverse environments and population growth by imparting desirable genetic characteristics. Research on plant genetic transformation technology can promote the functional analysis of plant genes, the utilization of excellent traits, and precise breeding. Various technologies of genetic transformation have been continuously discovered and developed for convenient manipulation and high efficiency, mainly involving the delivery of exogenous genes and regeneration of transformed plants. Here, currently developed genetic transformation technologies were expounded and compared. Agrobacterium-mediated gene delivery methods are commonly used as direct genetic transformation, as well as external force-mediated ways such as particle bombardment, electroporation, silicon carbide whiskers, and pollen tubes as indirect ones. The regeneration of transformed plants usually involves the de novo organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis pathway of the explants. Ectopic expression of morphogenetic transcription factors (Bbm, Wus2, and GRF-GIF) can significantly improve plant regeneration efficiency and enable the transformation of some hard-to-transform plant genotypes. Meanwhile, some limitations in these gene transfer methods were compared including genotype dependence, low transformation efficiency, and plant tissue damage, and recently developed flexible approaches for plant genotype transformation are discussed regarding how gene delivery and regeneration strategies can be optimized to overcome species and genotype dependence. This review summarizes the principles of various techniques for plant genetic transformation and discusses their application scope and limiting factors, which can provide a reference for plant transgenic breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mingyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yasmina Radani
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Liming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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16
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Law SSY, Miyamoto T, Numata K. Organelle-targeted gene delivery in plants by nanomaterials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37183975 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00962a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Genetic engineering of plants has revolutionized agriculture and has had a significant impact on our everyday life. It has allowed for the production of crops with longer shelf lives, enhanced yields and resistance to pests and disease. The application of nanomaterials in plant genetic engineering has further augmented these programs with higher delivery efficiencies, biocompatibility and the potential for plant regeneration. In particular, subcellular targeting using nanomaterials has recently become possible with the cutting-edge developments within nanomaterials, but remains challenging despite the promise in organellar engineering for the introduction of useful traits and the elucidation of subcellular interactions. This feature article provides an overview of nanomaterial delivery within plants and highlights the application of recent progress in nanomaterials for subcellular organelle-targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sau Yin Law
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Miyamoto
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
- Department of Material Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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17
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Sato G, Kuroda K. Overcoming the Limitations of CRISPR-Cas9 Systems in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Off-Target Effects, Epigenome, and Mitochondrial Editing. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041040. [PMID: 37110464 PMCID: PMC10145089 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Modification of the genome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has great potential for application in biological research and biotechnological advancements, and the CRISPR-Cas9 system has been increasingly employed for these purposes. The CRISPR-Cas9 system enables the precise and simultaneous modification of any genomic region of the yeast to a desired sequence by altering only a 20-nucleotide sequence within the guide RNA expression constructs. However, the conventional CRISPR-Cas9 system has several limitations. In this review, we describe the methods that were developed to overcome these limitations using yeast cells. We focus on three types of developments: reducing the frequency of unintended editing to both non-target and target sequences in the genome, inducing desired changes in the epigenetic state of the target region, and challenging the expansion of the CRISPR-Cas9 system to edit genomes within intracellular organelles such as mitochondria. These developments using yeast cells to overcome the limitations of the CRISPR-Cas9 system are a key factor driving the advancement of the field of genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Sato
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kouichi Kuroda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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18
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Wang Q, Luo H, Zhuang J, Li X, Huang D, Hu Z, Zhang G. Chemical synthesis of left arm of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mitochondrial genome and in vivo functional analysis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1064497. [PMID: 36620060 PMCID: PMC9813849 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1064497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a photosynthetic eukaryote showing great industrial potential. The synthesis and in vivo function of the artificial C. reinhardtii genome not only promotes the development of synthetic biology technology but also supports industries that utilize this algae. Mitochondrial genome (MtG) is the smallest and simplest genome of C. reinhardtii that suits synthetic exploration. In this article, we designed and assembled a synthetic mitochondria left arm (syn-LA) genome sharing >92% similarity to the original mitochondria genome (OMtG) left arm, transferred it into the respiratory defect strain cc-2654, screened syn-LA containing transformants from recovered dark-growth defects using PCR amplification, verified internal function of syn-LA via western blot, detected heteroplasmic ratio of syn-LA, tried promoting syn-LA into homoplasmic status with paromomycin stress, and discussed the main limitations and potential solutions for this area of research. This research supports the functionalization of a synthetic mitochondrial genome in living cells. Although further research is needed, this article nevertheless provides valuable guidance for the synthesis of eukaryotic organelle genomes and opens possible directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haolin Luo
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jieyi Zhuang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Danqiong Huang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiying Zhang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Guiying Zhang,
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19
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Zhao B, Luo Z, Zhang H, Zhang H. Imaging tools for plant nanobiotechnology. Front Genome Ed 2022; 4:1029944. [PMID: 36569338 PMCID: PMC9772283 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2022.1029944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful application of nanobiotechnology in biomedicine has greatly changed the traditional way of diagnosis and treating of disease, and is promising for revolutionizing the traditional plant nanobiotechnology. Over the past few years, nanobiotechnology has increasingly expanded into plant research area. Nanomaterials can be designed as vectors for targeted delivery and controlled release of fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, nucleotides, proteins, etc. Interestingly, nanomaterials with unique physical and chemical properties can directly affect plant growth and development; improve plant resistance to disease and stress; design as sensors in plant biology; and even be used for plant genetic engineering. Similarly, there have been concerns about the potential biological toxicity of nanomaterials. Selecting appropriate characterization methods will help understand how nanomaterials interact with plants and promote advances in plant nanobiotechnology. However, there are relatively few reviews of tools for characterizing nanomaterials in plant nanobiotechnology. In this review, we present relevant imaging tools that have been used in plant nanobiotechnology to monitor nanomaterial migration, interaction with and internalization into plants at three-dimensional lengths. Including: 1) Migration of nanomaterial into plant organs 2) Penetration of nanomaterial into plant tissues (iii)Internalization of nanomaterials by plant cells and interactions with plant subcellular structures. We compare the advantages and disadvantages of current characterization tools and propose future optimal characterization methods for plant nanobiotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxu Luo
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honglu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Honglu Zhang, ; Huan Zhang,
| | - Huan Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Honglu Zhang, ; Huan Zhang,
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