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Kumar S, Schroeder JA, Shi Q. Platelet-targeted gene therapy induces immune tolerance in hemophilia and beyond. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:23-34. [PMID: 37558132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Blood platelets have unique storage and delivery capabilities. Platelets play fundamental roles in hemostasis, inflammatory reactions, and immune responses. Beyond their functions, platelets have been used as a target for gene therapy. Platelet-targeted gene therapy aims to deliver a sustained expression of neo-protein in vivo by genetically modifying the target cells, resulting in a cure for the disease. Even though there has been substantial progress in the field of gene therapy, the potential development of immune responses to transgene products or vectors remains a significant concern. Of note, multiple preclinical studies using platelet-specific lentiviral gene delivery to hematopoietic stem cells in hemophilia have demonstrated promising results with therapeutic levels of neo-protein that rescue the hemorrhagic bleeding phenotype and induce antigen-specific immune tolerance. Further studies using ovalbumin as a surrogate protein for platelet gene therapy have shown robust antigen-specific immune tolerance induced via peripheral clonal deletions of antigen-specific CD4- and CD8-T effector cells and induction of antigen-specific regulatory T (Treg) cells. This review discusses platelet-targeted gene therapy, focusing on immune tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Kumar
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jocelyn A Schroeder
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Qizhen Shi
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Children's Research Institute, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Midwest Athletes Against Childhood Cancer (MACC) Fund Research Center Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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Yang C, Hu Z, Wang L, Fang L, Wang X, Li Q, Xu L, Wang J, Liu C, Lin N. Porphyromonas gingivalis with collagen immunization induces ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis in C3H mice. Clin Immunol 2024; 258:109859. [PMID: 38065368 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenic anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are thought to play a vital role in the initiation and immune maintenance of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, it is noteworthy that ACPA is not a salient characteristic of any conventional RA animal model. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is the first microorganism identified to induce citrullination and a target of autoantibodies in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Thus, we employed C3H mice with specific MHC types and combined Pg infection with collagen immunity to develop an animal model of ACPA-positive RA. The resulting model exhibited citrullination characteristics, as well as pathological and immune cell changes. 1) Mice showed a significant increase in ACPA levels, and various organs and tissues exhibited elevated levels of citrullinated protein. 2) The mice experienced heightened pain, inflammation, and bone destruction. 3) The spleen and lymph nodes of the mice showed a significant increase in the proportion of Tfh-GCB cell subpopulations responsible for regulating autoantibody production. In conclusion, the C3H mouse model of Pg infection with collagen immunity demonstrated significant alterations in ACPA levels, citrullinated protein expression, and immune cell subpopulations, which could be a crucial factor leading to increased pain, inflammation, and bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixing Hu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luochangting Fang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liting Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunfang Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Na Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Takada YK, Shimoda M, Takada Y. CD40L Activates Platelet Integrin αIIbβ3 by Binding to the Allosteric Site (Site 2) in a KGD-Independent Manner and HIGM1 Mutations Are Clustered in the Integrin-Binding Sites of CD40L. Cells 2023; 12:1977. [PMID: 37566056 PMCID: PMC10416995 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CD40L is expressed in activated T cells, and it plays a major role in immune response and is a major therapeutic target for inflammation. High IgM syndrome type 1 (HIGM1) is a congenital functional defect in CD40L/CD40 signaling due to defective CD40L. CD40L is also stored in platelet granules and transported to the surface upon platelet activation. Platelet integrin αIIbβ3 is known to bind to fibrinogen and activation of αIIbβ3 is a key event that triggers platelet aggregation. Also, the KGD motif is critical for αIIbβ3 binding and the interaction stabilizes thrombus. Previous studies showed that CD40L binds to and activates integrins αvβ3 and α5β1 and that HIGM1 mutations are clustered in the integrin-binding sites. However, the specifics of CD40L binding to αIIbβ3 were unclear. Here, we show that CD40L binds to αIIbβ3 in a KGD-independent manner using CD40L that lacks the KGD motif. Two HIGM1 mutants, S128E/E129G and L155P, reduced the binding of CD40L to the classical ligand-binding site (site 1) of αIIbβ3, indicating that αIIbβ3 binds to the outer surface of CD40L trimer. Also, CD40L bound to the allosteric site (site 2) of αIIbβ3 and allosterically activated αIIbβ3 without inside-out signaling. Two HIMG1 mutants, K143T and G144E, on the surface of trimeric CD40L suppressed CD40L-induced αIIbβ3 activation. These findings suggest that CD40L binds to αIIbβ3 in a manner different from that of αvβ3 and α5β1 and induces αIIbβ3 activation. HIGM1 mutations are clustered in αIIbβ3 binding sites in CD40L and are predicted to suppress thrombus formation and immune responses through αIIbβ3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko K. Takada
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (M.S.)
| | - Michiko Shimoda
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (M.S.)
| | - Yoshikazu Takada
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA (M.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Yan C, Wu H, Fang X, He J, Zhu F. Platelet, a key regulator of innate and adaptive immunity. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1074878. [PMID: 36968817 PMCID: PMC10038213 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1074878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets, anucleate blood components, represent the major cell type involved in the regulation of hemostasis and thrombosis. In addition to performing haemostatic roles, platelets can influence both innate and adaptive immune responses. In this review, we summarize the development of platelets and their functions in hemostasis. We also discuss the interactions between platelet products and innate or adaptive immune cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, T cells, B cells and dendritic cells. Activated platelets and released molecules regulate the differentiation and function of these cells via platelet-derived receptors or secreting molecules. Platelets have dual effects on nearly all immune cells. Understanding the exact mechanisms underlying these effects will enable further application of platelet transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haojie Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianchun Fang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junji He
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Zhu,
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Meitei HT, Lal G. T cell receptor signaling in the differentiation and plasticity of CD4 + T cells. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 69:14-27. [PMID: 36028461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are critical components of the adaptive immune system. The T cell receptor (TCR) and co-receptor signaling cascades shape the phenotype and functions of CD4+ T cells. TCR signaling plays a crucial role in T cell development, antigen recognition, activation, and differentiation upon recognition of foreign- or auto-antigens. In specific autoimmune conditions, altered TCR repertoire is reported and can predispose autoimmunity with organ-specific inflammation and tissue damage. TCR signaling modulates various signaling cascades and regulates epigenetic and transcriptional regulation during homeostasis and disease conditions. Understanding the mechanism by which coreceptors and cytokine signals control the magnitude of TCR signal amplification will aid in developing therapeutic strategies to treat inflammation and autoimmune diseases. This review focuses on the role of the TCR signaling cascade and its components in the activation, differentiation, and plasticity of various CD4+ T cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Girdhari Lal
- National Centre for Cell Science, SPPU campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH 411007, India.
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