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Hu Y, Wang S, Wang R, Zhang Y, Yuan Q, Yuan C. Total saponins from Panax japonicus regulated the intestinal microbiota to alleviate lipid metabolism disorders in aging mice. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 125:105500. [PMID: 38851092 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Total saponins from Panax japonicus (TSPJ) have many beneficial physiological activities, particularly in alleviating the damages of aging and abnormal lipid metabolism. This work used mice models to investigate if TSPJ reduced obesity and regulated metabolic functions via the intestinal microbiota, the disturbance of which has been shown to cause aging-related diseases. The results showed that TSPJ significantly reduced the weight and blood lipid level of aging mice. Further analyses showed that TSPJ significantly inhibited adipogenesis, changed the composition of the intestinal flora, and protected the integrity of the intestinal barrier. It was inferred from the accumulated experimental data that TSPJ helped to combat obesity in aging mice by regulating the intestinal microbiota and promoting microbial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, China; College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Shuwen Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, China; College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, China; College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, China; College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, China; College of Medicine and Health Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, China; College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
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Zhao F, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wang J, Xia Y, Jiang X, Zhou L, Khan A, Cheng S, Zou Z, Chen C, Qiu J. Association between protein-to-energy ratio and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents in the United States: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1383602. [PMID: 38983459 PMCID: PMC11232357 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1383602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The dietary protein proportion may be crucial in triggering overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional data from 4,336 children and adolescents who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and March 2020 were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Restricted cubic splines assessed the nonlinear relationships between dietary protein intake and the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Results Adjusted logistic regression models showed that each 1% increase in dietary protein proportion was associated with a 4% higher risk of overweight and obesity (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.07). A nonlinear relationship was noted in children aged 6-11 years (P < 0.05), as demonstrated by restricted cubic spline analysis. After dividing dietary protein intake into quartiles, the highest quartile had an adjusted OR of 2.07 (95% CI: 1.35, 3.16, P = 0.001) compared to the lowest, among children aged 6-11 years. Conclusion Dietary protein intake is positively linked to overweight and obesity in American children, irrespective of individual characteristics and total energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yudan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaoyi Liu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinyin Xia
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lixiao Zhou
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ahmad Khan
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingfu Qiu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wang JX, Luo Y, Limbu SM, Qian YC, Zhang YY, Li RX, Zhou WH, Qiao F, Chen LQ, Zhang ML, Du ZY. Inhibiting mitochondrial citrate shuttling induces hepatic triglyceride deposition in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) through lipid anabolic remodeling. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 131:109678. [PMID: 38844080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The solute carrier family 25 member 1 (Slc25a1)-dependent mitochondrial citrate shuttle is responsible for exporting citrate from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm for supporting lipid biosynthesis and protein acetylation. Previous studies on Slc25a1 concentrated on pathological models. However, the importance of Slc25a1 in maintaining metabolic homeostasis under normal nutritional conditions remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the mechanism of mitochondrial citrate shuttle in maintaining lipid metabolism homeostasis in male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). To achieve the objective, we blocked the mitochondrial citrate shuttle by inhibiting Slc25a1 under normal nutritional conditions. Slc25a1 inhibition was established by feeding Nile tilapia with 250 mg/kg 1,2,3-benzenetricarboxylic acid hydrate for 6 weeks or intraperitoneal injecting them with dsRNA to knockdown slc25a1b for 7 days. The Nile tilapia with Slc25a1 inhibition exhibited an obesity-like phenotype accompanied by fat deposition, liver damage and hyperglycemia. Moreover, Slc25a1 inhibition decreased hepatic citrate-derived acetyl-CoA, but increased hepatic triglyceride levels. Furthermore, Slc25a1 inhibition replenished cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA through enhanced acetate pathway, which led to hepatic triglycerides accumulation. However, acetate-derived acetyl-CoA caused by hepatic Slc25a1 inhibition did not activate de novo lipogenesis, but rather modified protein acetylation. In addition, hepatic Slc25a1 inhibition enhanced fatty acids esterification through acetate-derived acetyl-CoA, which increased Lipin1 acetylation and its protein stability. Collectively, our results illustrate that inhibiting mitochondrial citrate shuttle triggers lipid anabolic remodeling and results in lipid accumulation, indicating the importance of mitochondrial citrate shuttle in maintaining lipid metabolism homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xian Wang
- LANEH, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- LANEH, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Samwel Mchele Limbu
- Department of Aquaculture Technology, School of Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Yu-Cheng Qian
- LANEH, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Yu Zhang
- LANEH, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Xin Li
- LANEH, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhou
- LANEH, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Qiao
- LANEH, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Qiao Chen
- LANEH, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- LANEH, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- LANEH, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Ran S, Song L, Yang H, Yu J, Zhen Y, Liu Q. Piperine alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated hepatocyte pyroptosis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301133. [PMID: 38547097 PMCID: PMC10977780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has a high risk of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Piperine (Pip) is an extract of plants with powerful anti-inflammatory effects, however, the function of Pip in NASH remains elusive. Here, we aim to explore the role of Pip in NASH and to find the possible mechanisms. METHODS Methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) diets were used to induce steatohepatitis, methionine- and choline-sufficient (MCS) diets were used as the control. After Pip treatment, H&E staining, Oil Red O staining, hepatic triglyceride (TG) content and F4/80 expression were performed to analysis liver steatosis and inflammation; Masson's staining, COL1A1 and α-SMA were detected liver fibrosis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -treated AML12 cells were used to as the cell model to induce pyroptosis. Then, pyroptosis-related proteins, IL-1β and LDH release were detected in vivo and in vitro. Finally, NF-κB inhibitor, BAY11-7082, was used to further demonstrate the mechanism of Pip in NASH. RESULTS The study found that Pip alleviated liver steatosis, inflammation, hepatocyte injury, and fibrosis in mice fed with MCD diets. Moreover, the pyroptosis markers (NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 p20, and GSDMD), IL-1β and LDH release were decreased by Pip treatment. NF-κB activation was suppressed by Pip treatment and pyroptosis-related proteins were down regulated by BAY11-7082. CONCLUSION Pip ameliorates NASH progression, and the therapeutical effect was associated with inhibition of hepatocyte pyroptosis induced by NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suye Ran
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lingyu Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunhuan Zhen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Sun Q, Guo Y, Hu W, Zhang M, Wang S, Lei Y, Meng H, Li N, Xu P, Li Z, Lin H, Huang F, Qiu Z. Bempedoic Acid Unveils Therapeutic Potential in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Suppression of the Hepatic PXR-SLC13A5/ACLY Signaling Axis. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1628-1641. [PMID: 37684055 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatic SLC13A5/SLC25A1-ATP-dependent citrate lyase (ACLY) signaling pathway, responsible for maintaining the citrate homeostasis, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Bempedoic acid (BA), an ACLY inhibitor commonly used for managing hypercholesterolemia, has shown promising results in addressing hepatic steatosis. This study aimed to elucidate the intricate relationships in processes of hepatic lipogenesis among SLC13A5, SLC25A1, and ACLY and to examine the therapeutic potential of BA in NAFLD, providing insights into its underlying mechanism. In murine primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells, the silencing or pharmacological inhibition of SLC25A1/ACLY resulted in significant upregulation of SLC13A5 transcription and activity. This increase in SLC13A5 activity subsequently led to enhanced lipogenesis, indicating a compensatory role of SLC13A5 when the SLC25A1/ACLY pathway was inhibited. However, BA effectively counteracted this upregulation, reduced lipid accumulation, and ameliorated various biomarkers of NAFLD. The disease-modifying effects of BA were further confirmed in NAFLD mice. Mechanistic investigations revealed that BA could reverse the elevated transcription levels of SLC13A5 and ACLY, and the subsequent lipogenesis induced by PXR activation in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, this effect was diminished when PXR was knocked down, suggesting the involvement of the hepatic PXR-SLC13A5/ACLY signaling axis in the mechanism of BA action. In conclusion, SLC13A5-mediated extracellular citrate influx emerges as an alternative pathway to SLC25A1/ACLY in the regulation of lipogenesis in hepatocytes, BA exhibits therapeutic potential in NAFLD by suppressing the hepatic PXR-SLC13A5/ACLY signaling axis, while PXR, a key regulator in drug metabolism may be involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This work describes that bempedoic acid, an ATP-dependent citrate lyase (ACLY) inhibitor, ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation and various hallmarks of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Suppression of hepatic SLC25A1-ACLY pathway upregulates SLC13A5 transcription, which in turn activates extracellular citrate influx and the subsequent DNL. Whereas in hepatocytes or the liver tissue challenged with high energy intake, bempedoic acid reverses compensatory activation of SLC13A5 via modulating the hepatic PXR-SLC13A5/ACLY axis, thereby simultaneously downregulating SLC13A5 and ACLY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushuang Sun
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy (Q.S., Y.G., F.H.), Departments of Pharmacology (W.H., S.W., Y.L., Z.Q.) and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (P.X., Z.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy (M.Z.), and National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (N.L.), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD., Nanjing Branch, Nanjing, China (H.M.); and College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China (H.L.)
| | - Yating Guo
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy (Q.S., Y.G., F.H.), Departments of Pharmacology (W.H., S.W., Y.L., Z.Q.) and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (P.X., Z.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy (M.Z.), and National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (N.L.), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD., Nanjing Branch, Nanjing, China (H.M.); and College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China (H.L.)
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy (Q.S., Y.G., F.H.), Departments of Pharmacology (W.H., S.W., Y.L., Z.Q.) and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (P.X., Z.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy (M.Z.), and National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (N.L.), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD., Nanjing Branch, Nanjing, China (H.M.); and College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China (H.L.)
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy (Q.S., Y.G., F.H.), Departments of Pharmacology (W.H., S.W., Y.L., Z.Q.) and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (P.X., Z.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy (M.Z.), and National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (N.L.), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD., Nanjing Branch, Nanjing, China (H.M.); and College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China (H.L.)
| | - Shijiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy (Q.S., Y.G., F.H.), Departments of Pharmacology (W.H., S.W., Y.L., Z.Q.) and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (P.X., Z.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy (M.Z.), and National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (N.L.), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD., Nanjing Branch, Nanjing, China (H.M.); and College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China (H.L.)
| | - Yuanyuan Lei
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy (Q.S., Y.G., F.H.), Departments of Pharmacology (W.H., S.W., Y.L., Z.Q.) and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (P.X., Z.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy (M.Z.), and National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (N.L.), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD., Nanjing Branch, Nanjing, China (H.M.); and College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China (H.L.)
| | - Haitao Meng
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy (Q.S., Y.G., F.H.), Departments of Pharmacology (W.H., S.W., Y.L., Z.Q.) and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (P.X., Z.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy (M.Z.), and National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (N.L.), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD., Nanjing Branch, Nanjing, China (H.M.); and College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China (H.L.)
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy (Q.S., Y.G., F.H.), Departments of Pharmacology (W.H., S.W., Y.L., Z.Q.) and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (P.X., Z.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy (M.Z.), and National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (N.L.), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD., Nanjing Branch, Nanjing, China (H.M.); and College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China (H.L.)
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy (Q.S., Y.G., F.H.), Departments of Pharmacology (W.H., S.W., Y.L., Z.Q.) and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (P.X., Z.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy (M.Z.), and National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (N.L.), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD., Nanjing Branch, Nanjing, China (H.M.); and College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China (H.L.)
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy (Q.S., Y.G., F.H.), Departments of Pharmacology (W.H., S.W., Y.L., Z.Q.) and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (P.X., Z.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy (M.Z.), and National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (N.L.), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD., Nanjing Branch, Nanjing, China (H.M.); and College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China (H.L.)
| | - Haishu Lin
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy (Q.S., Y.G., F.H.), Departments of Pharmacology (W.H., S.W., Y.L., Z.Q.) and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (P.X., Z.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy (M.Z.), and National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (N.L.), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD., Nanjing Branch, Nanjing, China (H.M.); and College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China (H.L.)
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy (Q.S., Y.G., F.H.), Departments of Pharmacology (W.H., S.W., Y.L., Z.Q.) and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (P.X., Z.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy (M.Z.), and National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (N.L.), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD., Nanjing Branch, Nanjing, China (H.M.); and College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China (H.L.)
| | - Zhixia Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy (Q.S., Y.G., F.H.), Departments of Pharmacology (W.H., S.W., Y.L., Z.Q.) and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy (P.X., Z.L.), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy (M.Z.), and National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy (N.L.), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD., Nanjing Branch, Nanjing, China (H.M.); and College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China (H.L.)
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Turek I, Nguyen TH, Galea C, Abad I, Freihat L, Manallack DT, Velkov T, Irving H. Mutations in the Vicinity of the IRAK3 Guanylate Cyclase Center Impact Its Subcellular Localization and Ability to Modulate Inflammatory Signaling in Immortalized Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108572. [PMID: 37239919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 3 (IRAK3) modulates the magnitude of cellular responses to ligands perceived by interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1Rs) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), leading to decreases in pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppressed inflammation. The molecular mechanism of IRAK3's action remains unknown. IRAK3 functions as a guanylate cyclase, and its cGMP product suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NFκB) activity. To understand the implications of this phenomenon, we expanded the structure-function analyses of IRAK3 through site-directed mutagenesis of amino acids known or predicted to impact different activities of IRAK3. We verified the capacity of the mutated IRAK3 variants to generate cGMP in vitro and revealed residues in and in the vicinity of its GC catalytic center that impact the LPS-induced NFκB activity in immortalized cell lines in the absence or presence of an exogenous membrane-permeable cGMP analog. Mutant IRAK3 variants with reduced cGMP generating capacity and differential regulation of NFκB activity influence subcellular localization of IRAK3 in HEK293T cells and fail to rescue IRAK3 function in IRAK3 knock-out THP-1 monocytes stimulated with LPS unless the cGMP analog is present. Together, our results shed new light on the mechanism by which IRAK3 and its enzymatic product control the downstream signaling, affecting inflammatory responses in immortalized cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Turek
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
| | - Trang H Nguyen
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
| | - Charles Galea
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Isaiah Abad
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lubna Freihat
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - David T Manallack
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Helen Irving
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3552, Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
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7
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Li J, Wu K, Zhong Y, Kuang J, Huang N, Guo X, Du H, Guo C, Li R, Zhu X, Zhang T, Gong L, Sheng L, Sun R. Si-Ni-SAN ameliorates obesity through AKT/AMPK/HSL pathway-mediated lipolysis: Network pharmacology and experimental validation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115892. [PMID: 36334816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Si-Ni-San (SNS) is a famous Chinese herbal formula used in China for thousands of years. It has clinical effects on a variety of lipid metabolism disorders, but the ameliorating effects of SNS on obesity and underlying mechanisms remained poorly elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of SNS on obesity from multiple perspectives in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model was established to evaluate the effect of SNS. Then network pharmacologic methods were performed to predict underlying mechanisms, and the core pathways were verified in animal and cell studies. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that SNS significantly reduced body weight, body fat content, white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion in obese mice, and lipid accumulation in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) cells. Network pharmacologic analysis identified 66 potential therapeutic targets, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of these genes revealed that the most important signaling pathway includes AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, lipid and atherosclerosis. Western blot assay confirmed that SNS activated hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) activity and promoted lipolysis through AMPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The results confirmed that SNS improves lipid accumulation through AKT/AMPK/HSL axis mediated lipolysis, which opens a new option for clinical treatment of obesity and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Li
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China.
| | - Kaiyi Wu
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Ying Zhong
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
| | - Jiangying Kuang
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
| | - Nana Huang
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
| | - Xin Guo
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Hang Du
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
| | - Chong Guo
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
| | - Rongrong Li
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhu
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China.
| | - Liping Gong
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
| | - Lisong Sheng
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
| | - Rong Sun
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China; Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Wang CJ, Noble PB, Elliot JG, James AL, Wang KCW. From Beneath the Skin to the Airway Wall: Understanding the Pathological Role of Adipose Tissue in Comorbid Asthma-Obesity. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4321-4353. [PMID: 36715283 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a contemporary report on the role of adipose tissue in respiratory dysfunction. Adipose tissue is distributed throughout the body, accumulating beneath the skin (subcutaneous), around organs (visceral), and importantly in the context of respiratory disease, has recently been shown to accumulate within the airway wall: "airway-associated adipose tissue." Excessive adipose tissue deposition compromises respiratory function and increases the severity of diseases such as asthma. The mechanisms of respiratory impairment are inflammatory, structural, and mechanical in nature, vary depending on the anatomical site of deposition and adipose tissue subtype, and likely contribute to different phenotypes of comorbid asthma-obesity. An understanding of adipose tissue-driven pathophysiology provides an opportunity for diagnostic advancement and patient-specific treatment. As an exemplar, the potential impact of airway-associated adipose tissue is highlighted, and how this may change the management of a patient with asthma who is also obese. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4321-4353, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J Wang
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter B Noble
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John G Elliot
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alan L James
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kimberley C W Wang
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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