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Tutunea-Fatan E, Arumugarajah S, Suri RS, Edgar CR, Hon I, Dikeakos JD, Gunaratnam L. Sensing Dying Cells in Health and Disease: The Importance of Kidney Injury Molecule-1. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 35:795-808. [PMID: 38353655 PMCID: PMC11164124 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), also known as T-cell Ig and mucin domain-1 (TIM-1), is a widely recognized biomarker for AKI, but its biological function is less appreciated. KIM-1/TIM-1 belongs to the T-cell Ig and mucin domain family of conserved transmembrane proteins, which bear the characteristic six-cysteine Ig-like variable domain. The latter enables binding of KIM-1/TIM-1 to its natural ligand, phosphatidylserine, expressed on the surface of apoptotic cells and necrotic cells. KIM-1/TIM-1 is expressed in a variety of tissues and plays fundamental roles in regulating sterile inflammation and adaptive immune responses. In the kidney, KIM-1 is upregulated on injured renal proximal tubule cells, which transforms them into phagocytes for clearance of dying cells and helps to dampen sterile inflammation. TIM-1, expressed in T cells, B cells, and natural killer T cells, is essential for cell activation and immune regulatory functions in the host. Functional polymorphisms in the gene for KIM-1/TIM-1, HAVCR1 , have been associated with susceptibility to immunoinflammatory conditions and hepatitis A virus-induced liver failure, which is thought to be due to a differential ability of KIM-1/TIM-1 variants to bind phosphatidylserine. This review will summarize the role of KIM-1/TIM-1 in health and disease and its potential clinical applications as a biomarker and therapeutic target in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tutunea-Fatan
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shabitha Arumugarajah
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rita S. Suri
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cassandra R. Edgar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ingrid Hon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jimmy D. Dikeakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lakshman Gunaratnam
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Cao J, Qing J, Zhu L, Chen Z. Role of TIM-1 in the development and treatment of tumours. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1307806. [PMID: 38831760 PMCID: PMC11144867 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1307806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin structural domain 1 (TIM-1, also known as hepatitis A virus cell receptor 1) is a co-stimulatory molecule that is expressed predominantly on the surface of T cells. TIM-1 promotes the activation and proliferation of T cells, cytokine secretion, and can also be overexpressed in various types of cancer. Upregulation of TIM-1 expression may be associated with the development and progression of cancer. After reviewing the literature, we propose that TIM-1 affects tumour development mainly through two pathways. In the Direct pathway: overexpression in tumours activates tumour-related signaling pathways, mediates the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, and directly affects tumour development directly. In the indirect pathway: In addition to changing the tumour microenvironment and influencing the growth of tumours, TIM-1 binds to ligands to encourage the activation, proliferation, and generation of cytokines by immune cells. This review examines how TIM-1 stimulates the development of tumours in direct and indirect ways, and how TIM-1 is exploited as a target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmeng Cao
- Joint Inspection Center of Precision Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Jilin Qing
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liya Zhu
- Graduate school, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhizhong Chen
- Joint Inspection Center of Precision Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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3
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Elias C, Chen C, Cherukuri A. Regulatory B Cells in Solid Organ Transplantation: From Immune Monitoring to Immunotherapy. Transplantation 2024; 108:1080-1089. [PMID: 37779239 PMCID: PMC10985051 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Breg) modulate the immune response in diverse disease settings including transplantation. Despite the lack of a specific phenotypic marker or transcription factor, their significance in transplantation is underscored by their ability to prolong experimental allograft survival, the possibility for their clinical use as immune monitoring tools, and the exciting prospect for them to form the basis for cell therapy. Interleukin (IL)-10 expression remains the most widely used marker for Breg. Several Breg subsets with distinct phenotypes that express this "signature Breg cytokine" have been described in mice and humans. Although T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin family-1 is the most inclusive and functional marker that accounts for murine Breg with disparate mechanisms of action, the significance of T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin family-1 as a marker for Breg in humans still needs to be explored. Although the primary focus of this review is the role of Breg in clinical transplantation, the net modulatory effect of B cells on the immune response and clinical outcomes is the result of the balancing functions of both Breg and effector B cells. Supporting this notion, B-cell IL-10/tumor necrosis factor α ratio is shown to predict immunologic reactivity and clinical outcomes in kidney and liver transplantation. Assessment of Breg:B effector balance using their IL-10/tumor necrosis factor α ratio may identify patients that require more immunosuppression and provide mechanistic insights into potential therapies. In summary, current advances in our understanding of murine and human Breg will pave way for future definitive clinical studies aiming to test them for immune monitoring and as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbel Elias
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chuxiao Chen
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aravind Cherukuri
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Renal and Electrolyte Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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4
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Bradford HF, McDonnell TCR, Stewart A, Skelton A, Ng J, Baig Z, Fraternali F, Dunn-Walters D, Isenberg DA, Khan AR, Mauro C, Mauri C. Thioredoxin is a metabolic rheostat controlling regulatory B cells. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:873-885. [PMID: 38553615 PMCID: PMC11065695 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic programming is important for B cell fate, but the bioenergetic requirement for regulatory B (Breg) cell differentiation and function is unknown. Here we show that Breg cell differentiation, unlike non-Breg cells, relies on mitochondrial electron transport and homeostatic levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that TXN, encoding the metabolic redox protein thioredoxin (Trx), is highly expressed by Breg cells, unlike Trx inhibitor TXNIP which was downregulated. Pharmacological inhibition or gene silencing of TXN resulted in mitochondrial membrane depolarization and increased ROS levels, selectively suppressing Breg cell differentiation and function while favoring pro-inflammatory B cell differentiation. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), characterized by Breg cell deficiencies, present with B cell mitochondrial membrane depolarization, elevated ROS and fewer Trx+ B cells. Exogenous Trx stimulation restored Breg cells and mitochondrial membrane polarization in SLE B cells to healthy B cell levels, indicating Trx insufficiency underlies Breg cell impairment in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah F Bradford
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Pears Building, UCL Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Alexander Stewart
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | - Joseph Ng
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zara Baig
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Pears Building, UCL Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Franca Fraternali
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - David A Isenberg
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Claudio Mauro
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claudia Mauri
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Pears Building, UCL Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
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5
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Flippot R, Teixeira M, Rey-Cardenas M, Carril-Ajuria L, Rainho L, Naoun N, Jouniaux JM, Boselli L, Naigeon M, Danlos FX, Escudier B, Scoazec JY, Cassard L, Albiges L, Chaput N. B cells and the coordination of immune checkpoint inhibitor response in patients with solid tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008636. [PMID: 38631710 PMCID: PMC11029261 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy profoundly changed the landscape of cancer therapy by providing long-lasting responses in subsets of patients and is now the standard of care in several solid tumor types. However, immunotherapy activity beyond conventional immune checkpoint inhibition is plateauing, and biomarkers are overall lacking to guide treatment selection. Most studies have focused on T cell engagement and response, but there is a growing evidence that B cells may be key players in the establishment of an organized immune response, notably through tertiary lymphoid structures. Mechanisms of B cell response include antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, promotion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation, maintenance of antitumor immune memory. In several solid tumor types, higher levels of B cells, specific B cell subpopulations, or the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures have been associated with improved outcomes on immune checkpoint inhibitors. The fate of B cell subpopulations may be widely influenced by the cytokine milieu, with versatile roles for B-specific cytokines B cell activating factor and B cell attracting chemokine-1/CXCL13, and a master regulatory role for IL-10. Roles of B cell-specific immune checkpoints such as TIM-1 are emerging and could represent potential therapeutic targets. Overall, the expanding field of B cells in solid tumors of holds promise for the improvement of current immunotherapy strategies and patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Flippot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Immunomonitoring Laboratory, CNRS3655 & INSERM US23, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Marcus Teixeira
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Immunomonitoring Laboratory, CNRS3655 & INSERM US23, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Macarena Rey-Cardenas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Immunomonitoring Laboratory, CNRS3655 & INSERM US23, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Lucia Carril-Ajuria
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Immunomonitoring Laboratory, CNRS3655 & INSERM US23, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Medical Oncology, CHU Brugmann, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Larissa Rainho
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Immunomonitoring Laboratory, CNRS3655 & INSERM US23, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Natacha Naoun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Mehdi Jouniaux
- Immunomonitoring Laboratory, CNRS3655 & INSERM US23, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Lisa Boselli
- Immunomonitoring Laboratory, CNRS3655 & INSERM US23, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Naigeon
- Immunomonitoring Laboratory, CNRS3655 & INSERM US23, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Francois-Xavier Danlos
- LRTI, INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Drug Development Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Bernard Escudier
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Lydie Cassard
- Immunomonitoring Laboratory, CNRS3655 & INSERM US23, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Albiges
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Immunomonitoring Laboratory, CNRS3655 & INSERM US23, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Nathalie Chaput
- Immunomonitoring Laboratory, CNRS3655 & INSERM US23, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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6
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Baert L, Mahmudul HM, Stegall M, Joo H, Oh S. B Cell-mediated Immune Regulation and the Quest for Transplantation Tolerance. Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00669. [PMID: 38389135 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Pathophysiologic function of B cells in graft rejection has been well recognized in transplantation. B cells promote alloantigen-specific T-cell response and secrete antibodies that can cause antibody-mediated graft failures and rejections. Therefore, strategies targeting B cells, for example, B-cell depletion, have been used for the prevention of both acute and chronic rejections. Interestingly, however, recent mounting evidence indicates that subsets of B cells yet to be further identified can display potent immune regulatory functions, and they contribute to transplantation tolerance and operational tolerance in both experimental and clinical settings, respectively. In this review, we integrate currently available information on B-cell subsets, including T-cell Ig domain and mucin domain 1-positive transitional and T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain-positive memory B cells, displaying immune regulatory functions, with a focus on transplantation tolerance, by analyzing their mechanisms of action. In addition, we will discuss potential T-cell Ig domain and mucin domain 1-positive and T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain-positive B cell-based strategies for the enhancement of operational tolerance in transplantation patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Baert
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | | | - Mark Stegall
- Department of Surgery, William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - HyeMee Joo
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - SangKon Oh
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ
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Aoun M, Coelho A, Krämer A, Saxena A, Sabatier P, Beusch CM, Lönnblom E, Geng M, Do NN, Xu Z, Zhang J, He Y, Romero Castillo L, Abolhassani H, Xu B, Viljanen J, Rorbach J, Fernandez Lahore G, Gjertsson I, Kastbom A, Sjöwall C, Kihlberg J, Zubarev RA, Burkhardt H, Holmdahl R. Antigen-presenting autoreactive B cells activate regulatory T cells and suppress autoimmune arthritis in mice. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230101. [PMID: 37695523 PMCID: PMC10494526 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells undergo several rounds of selection to eliminate potentially pathogenic autoreactive clones, but in contrast to T cells, evidence of positive selection of autoreactive B cells remains moot. Using unique tetramers, we traced natural autoreactive B cells (C1-B) specific for a defined triple-helical epitope on collagen type-II (COL2), constituting a sizeable fraction of the physiological B cell repertoire in mice, rats, and humans. Adoptive transfer of C1-B suppressed arthritis independently of IL10, separating them from IL10-secreting regulatory B cells. Single-cell sequencing revealed an antigen processing and presentation signature, including induced expression of CD72 and CCR7 as surface markers. C1-B presented COL2 to T cells and induced the expansion of regulatory T cells in a contact-dependent manner. CD72 blockade impeded this effect suggesting a new downstream suppressor mechanism that regulates antigen-specific T cell tolerization. Thus, our results indicate that autoreactive antigen-specific naïve B cells tolerize infiltrating T cells against self-antigens to impede the development of tissue-specific autoimmune inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Aoun
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ana Coelho
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Alexander Krämer
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Amit Saxena
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Pierre Sabatier
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Christian Michel Beusch
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Erik Lönnblom
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Manman Geng
- Precision Medicine Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Nhu-Nguyen Do
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Zhongwei Xu
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jingdian Zhang
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing—Karolinska Institute Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Yibo He
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Laura Romero Castillo
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Neo Building, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bingze Xu
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Johan Viljanen
- Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joanna Rorbach
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing—Karolinska Institute Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
- Division of Molecular Metabolism, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Gonzalo Fernandez Lahore
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Inger Gjertsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alf Kastbom
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sjöwall
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Kihlberg
- Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roman A. Zubarev
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacological and Technological Chemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Harald Burkhardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
- Precision Medicine Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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8
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Cherukuri A, Rothstein DM. Regulatory and transitional B cells: potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in organ transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2022; 27:385-391. [PMID: 35950881 PMCID: PMC9474638 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Regulatory B cells (Bregs) play a prominent role in various disease settings. While progress has been hindered by the lack of a specific Breg marker, new findings highlight their role modulating the alloimmune response and promoting allograft survival. RECENT FINDINGS Herein, we focus on the recent advances in Breg biology and their role in transplantation. We review studies showing that T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) is an inclusive and functional Breg marker in mice that may have human relevance. We highlight the utility of the B cell interleukin-10/tumor necrosis factor-alpha (IL-10/TNFα) ratio in identifying underlying immunological reactivity and predicting clinical outcomes in kidney transplantation. This may identify patients requiring more immunosuppression and provide insight into potential therapeutic approaches that can modulate the Breg: B effector cell (Beff) balance. SUMMARY Emerging data support Bregs as potent modulators of immune responses in humans. Their ability to promote allograft survival must await development of approaches to expand Bregs in vitro/in vivo . The low IL-10/TNFα ratio reflecting decreased Breg/Beff balance, predicts acute rejection (AR) and poorer outcomes in renal transplantation. It remains to be determined whether this paradigm can be extended to other allografts and whether therapy aiming to correct the relative deficiency of Bregs will improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Cherukuri
- Thomas E Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Renal and Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David M. Rothstein
- Thomas E Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Renal and Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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9
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Matsumura Y, Watanabe R, Fujimoto M. Suppressive mechanisms of regulatory B cells in mice and humans. Int Immunol 2022; 35:55-65. [PMID: 36153768 PMCID: PMC9918854 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells include immune-suppressive fractions, called regulatory B cells (Bregs), which regulate inflammation primarily through an interleukin 10 (IL-10)-mediated inhibitory mechanism. Several B-cell fractions have been reported as IL-10-producing Bregs in murine disease models and human inflammatory responses including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, cancer and organ-transplant rejection. Although the suppressive functions of Bregs have been explored through the hallmark molecule IL-10, inhibitory cytokines and membrane-binding molecules other than IL-10 have also been demonstrated to contribute to Breg activities. Transcription factors and surface antigens that are characteristically expressed in Bregs are also being elucidated. Nevertheless, defining Bregs is still challenging because their active periods and differentiation stages vary among disease models. The identity of the diverse Breg fractions is also under debate. In the first place, since regulatory functions of Bregs are mostly evaluated by ex vivo stimulation, the actual in vivo phenotypes and functions may not be reflected by the ex vivo observations. In this article, we provide a historical overview of studies that established the characteristics of Bregs and review the various suppressive mechanisms that have been reported to be used by Bregs in murine and human disease conditions. We are only part-way through but the common phenotypes and functions of Bregs are still emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsumura
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rei Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan,Department of Integrative Medicine for Allergic and Immunological Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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10
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Liu M, Zhou J, Yin R, Yin H, Ding Y, Ma F, Qian L. The HMGB1 (C106A) mutation inhibits IL-10-producing CD19hiFcγRIIbhi B cell expansion by suppressing STAT3 activation in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:975551. [PMID: 35983056 PMCID: PMC9378787 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.975551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells have important roles in inflammation and autoimmune diseases. A newly discovered subpopulation of B cells with a CD19hiFcγRIIbhi phenotype inhibits the proliferation of CD4+ T cells by secreting interleukin (IL)-10. The expansion of CD19hiFcγRIIbhi B cells in mouse spleen can be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or CpG oligodeoxynucleotide stimulation. However, the mechanism of CD19hiFcγRIIbhi B cell expansion and its role in inflammatory diseases are unclear. Here, we report that, under inflammatory conditions, the proliferation and immunosuppressive function of CD19hiFcγRIIbhi B cells were decreased in high mobility group box1 (HMGB1) C106A mutant mice, compared with wild-type mice. The HMGB1 (C106A) mutation in B cells reduced STAT3 phosphorylation, restricting the expansion and suppressive function of CD19hiFcγRIIbhi B cells. Compared with CD19hiFcγRIIbhi B cells from wild-type mice, CD19hiFcγRIIbhi B cells from Hmgb1(C106A) mice significantly reduced the survival of mice with sepsis. Recombinant HMGB1 promoted the expansion of IL-10-producing CD19hiFcγRIIbhi B cells among LPS-activated B cells in vitro. Furthermore, the percentage of CD19hiFcγRIIbhi regulatory B cells in the peripheral blood was increased in patients with sepsis, compared with healthy controls. These findings implicate the role of HMGB1 in the expansion and immunosuppressive function of CD19hiFcγRIIbhi B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rui Yin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Feng Ma
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Regulatory Elements, Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Qian, ; Feng Ma,
| | - Li Qian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Qian, ; Feng Ma,
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