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Subbotina E, Souza LR, Zimmerman J, Anastas P. Room temperature catalytic upgrading of unpurified lignin depolymerization oil into bisphenols and butene-2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5892. [PMID: 39003256 PMCID: PMC11246530 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignin is the largest source of renewable aromatics on earth. Despite numerous techniques for lignin depolymerization into mixtures of valuable monomers, methods for their upgrading into final products are scarce. The state of the art upgrading methods generally rely on catalytic funneling, requiring high temperatures, catalyst loadings and hydrogen pressure, and lead to the loss of functionality and bio-based carbon content. Here an alternative approach is presented, whereby the target monomers are selectively converted in unpurified mixtures into easily separable final products under mild conditions. We use reductive catalytic fractionation of wood to convert lignin into iso-eugenol and propenyl syringol enriched oil followed by an olefin metathesis to yield bisphenols and butene-2, thus, valorizing all bio-based carbons. To further demonstrate the synthetic utility of the obtained bisphenols we converted them into polyesters with a high glass transition temperature (Tg = 140.3 °C) and thermal stability (Td50% = 330 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Subbotina
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center for Green Chemistry & Green Engineering at Yale, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Layra Rodrigues Souza
- Center for Green Chemistry & Green Engineering at Yale, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julie Zimmerman
- Center for Green Chemistry & Green Engineering at Yale, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale School of the Environment, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paul Anastas
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Center for Green Chemistry & Green Engineering at Yale, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale School of the Environment, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT, USA.
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2
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Li Y, Liu M, Tang Q, Liang K, Sun Y, Yu Y, Lou Y, Liu Y, Yu H. Hydrogen-transfer strategy in lignin refinery: Towards sustainable and versatile value-added biochemicals. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301912. [PMID: 38294404 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Lignin, the most prevalent natural source of polyphenols on Earth, offers substantial possibilities for the conversion into aromatic compounds, which is critical for attaining sustainability and carbon neutrality. The hydrogen-transfer method has garnered significant interest owing to its environmental compatibility and economic viability. The efficacy of this approach is contingent upon the careful selection of catalytic and hydrogen-donating systems that decisively affect the yield and selectivity of the monomeric products resulting from lignin degradation. This paper highlights the hydrogen-transfer technique in lignin refinery, with a specific focus on the influence of hydrogen donors on the depolymerization pathways of lignin. It delineates the correlation between the structure and activity of catalytic hydrogen-transfer arrangements and the gamut of lignin-derived biochemicals, utilizing data from lignin model compounds, separated lignin, and lignocellulosic biomass. Additionally, the paper delves into the advantages and future directions of employing the hydrogen-transfer approach for lignin conversion. In essence, this concept investigation illuminates the efficacy of the hydrogen-transfer paradigm in lignin valorization, offering key insights and strategic directives to maximize lignin's value sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Meng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Qi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Kaixia Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Yaxu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Yuhan Lou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Yongzhuang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Haipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
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3
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Kenny J, Neefe SR, Brandner DG, Stone ML, Happs RM, Kumaniaev I, Mounfield WP, Harman-Ware AE, Devos KM, Pendergast TH, Medlin JW, Román-Leshkov Y, Beckham GT. Design and Validation of a High-Throughput Reductive Catalytic Fractionation Method. JACS AU 2024; 4:2173-2187. [PMID: 38938803 PMCID: PMC11200236 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) is a promising method to extract and depolymerize lignin from biomass, and bench-scale studies have enabled considerable progress in the past decade. RCF experiments are typically conducted in pressurized batch reactors with volumes ranging between 50 and 1000 mL, limiting the throughput of these experiments to one to six reactions per day for an individual researcher. Here, we report a high-throughput RCF (HTP-RCF) method in which batch RCF reactions are conducted in 1 mL wells machined directly into Hastelloy reactor plates. The plate reactors can seal high pressures produced by organic solvents by vertically stacking multiple reactor plates, leading to a compact and modular system capable of performing 240 reactions per experiment. Using this setup, we screened solvent mixtures and catalyst loadings for hydrogen-free RCF using 50 mg poplar and 0.5 mL reaction solvent. The system of 1:1 isopropanol/methanol showed optimal monomer yields and selectivity to 4-propyl substituted monomers, and validation reactions using 75 mL batch reactors produced identical monomer yields. To accommodate the low material loadings, we then developed a workup procedure for parallel filtration, washing, and drying of samples and a 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy method to measure the RCF oil yield without performing liquid-liquid extraction. As a demonstration of this experimental pipeline, 50 unique switchgrass samples were screened in RCF reactions in the HTP-RCF system, revealing a wide range of monomer yields (21-36%), S/G ratios (0.41-0.93), and oil yields (40-75%). These results were successfully validated by repeating RCF reactions in 75 mL batch reactors for a subset of samples. We anticipate that this approach can be used to rapidly screen substrates, catalysts, and reaction conditions in high-pressure batch reactions with higher throughput than standard batch reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob
K. Kenny
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Center
for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Sasha R. Neefe
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Center
for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - David G. Brandner
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Center
for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Michael L. Stone
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Center
for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Renee M. Happs
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Center
for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Ivan Kumaniaev
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - William P. Mounfield
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anne E. Harman-Ware
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Center
for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Katrien M. Devos
- Center
for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Institute
of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of
Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Thomas H. Pendergast
- Center
for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Institute
of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of
Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - J. Will Medlin
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Yuriy Román-Leshkov
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gregg T. Beckham
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Center
for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
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4
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Swoboda A, Zwölfer S, Duhović Z, Bürgler M, Ebner K, Glieder A, Kroutil W. Multistep Biooxidation of 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural to 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid with H 2O 2 by Unspecific Peroxygenases. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202400156. [PMID: 38568785 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) is a key platform chemical derived from renewable biomass sources, holding great potential as starting material for the synthesis of valuable compounds, thereby replacing petrochemical-derived counterparts. Among these valorised compounds, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) has emerged as a versatile building block. Here we demonstrate the biocatalytic synthesis of FDCA from HMF via a one-pot three-step oxidative cascade performed via two operative steps under mild reaction conditions employing two unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs) using hydrogen peroxide as the only oxidant. The challenge of HMF oxidation by UPOs is the chemoselectivity of the first step, as one of the two possible oxidation products is only a poor substrate for further oxidation. The unspecific peroxygenase from Marasmius oreades (MorUPO) was found to oxidize 100 mM of HMF to 5-formyl-2-furoic acid (FFCA) with 95 % chemoselectivity. In the sequential one-pot cascade employing MorUPO (TON up to 13535) and the UPO from Agrocybe aegerita (AaeUPO, TON up to 7079), 100 mM of HMF were oxidized to FDCA reaching up to 99 % conversion and yielding 861 mg isolated pure crystalline FDCA, presenting the first example of a gram scale biocatalytic synthesis of FDCA involving UPOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Swoboda
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvie Zwölfer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Zerina Duhović
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Moritz Bürgler
- Bisy GmbH, Wünschendorf 292, 8200, Hofstätten an der Raab, Austria
| | - Katharina Ebner
- Bisy GmbH, Wünschendorf 292, 8200, Hofstätten an der Raab, Austria
| | - Anton Glieder
- Bisy GmbH, Wünschendorf 292, 8200, Hofstätten an der Raab, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB GmbH), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
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5
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Li X, Ma R, Gao X, Li H, Wang S, Song G. Harnessing Atomically Dispersed Cobalt for the Reductive Catalytic Fractionation of Lignocellulose. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2310202. [PMID: 38493491 PMCID: PMC11165530 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202310202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) of lignocellulose, considering lignin valorization at design time, has demonstrated the entire utilization of all lignocellulose components; however, such processes always require catalysts based on precious metals or high-loaded nonprecious metals. Herein, the study develops an ultra-low loaded, atomically dispersed cobalt catalyst, which displays an exceptional performance in the RCF of lignocellulose. An approximately theoretical maximum yield of phenolic monomers (48.3 wt.%) from lignin is realized, rivaling precious metal catalysts. High selectivity toward 4-propyl-substituted guaiacol/syringol facilitates their purification and follows syntheses of highly adhesive polyesters. Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) are generated by simple treatment of the obtained phenolic dimers and oligomers. RCF-resulted carbohydrate pulp are more obedient to enzymatic hydrolysis. Experimental studies on lignin model compounds reveal the concerted cleavage of Cα-O and Cβ-O pathway for the rupture of β-O-4 structure. Overall, the approach involves valorizing products derived from lignin biopolymer, providing the opportunity for the comprehensive utilization of all components within lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiancheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesBeijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic ChemistryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China
| | - Rumin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesBeijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic ChemistryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China
| | - Xueying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesBeijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic ChemistryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Helong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesBeijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic ChemistryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China
| | - Shuizhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesBeijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic ChemistryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China
| | - Guoyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest ResourcesBeijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic ChemistryBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China
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6
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Wu X, Hartmann P, Berne D, De Bruyn M, Cuminet F, Wang Z, Zechner JM, Boese AD, Placet V, Caillol S, Barta K. Closed-loop recyclability of a biomass-derived epoxy-amine thermoset by methanolysis. Science 2024; 384:eadj9989. [PMID: 38603486 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj9989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Epoxy resin thermosets (ERTs) are an important class of polymeric materials. However, owing to their highly cross-linked nature, they suffer from poor recyclability, which contributes to an unacceptable level of environmental pollution. There is a clear need for the design of inherently recyclable ERTs that are based on renewable resources. We present the synthesis and closed-loop recycling of a fully lignocellulose-derivable epoxy resin (DGF/MBCA), prepared from dimethyl ester of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (DMFD), 4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexylamine) (MBCA), and glycidol, which displays excellent thermomechanical properties (a glass transition temperature of 170°C, and a storage modulus at 25°C of 1.2 gigapascals). Notably, the material undergoes methanolysis in the absence of any catalyst, regenerating 90% of the original DMFD. The diamine MBCA and glycidol can subsequently be reformed by acetolysis. Application and recycling of DGF/MBCA in glass and plant fiber composites are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyuan Wu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747AG Groningen, Netherlands
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hartmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dimitri Berne
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Mario De Bruyn
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Cuminet
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Adrian Daniel Boese
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Vincent Placet
- Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS, institut FEMTO-ST, 2500 Besançon, France
| | - Sylvain Caillol
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Katalin Barta
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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7
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Bi H, Wei Y, Wang Z, Chen G. Fundamental investigation of micro-nano cellulose and lignin interaction for transparent paper: Experiment and electrostatic potential calculation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129180. [PMID: 38184038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Plastic has significant negative consequences for the environment and human health, demanding greener alternatives. Lignocellulose is a sustainable biomass material, and its paper has been considered as a potential material to replace plastics. Micro-nano lignocellulose, derived from natural plants, possesses a small size and abundant hydrogen bonding capacity. However, there is no clear explanation for the interactions between lignin and micro-nano cellulose, and little understanding of how the interaction can affect the papers' structure and optical properties. Electrostatic potential calculation is a reliable tool to explain non-covalent interactions, and can explore the binding between lignin and micro-nano cellulose. In this paper, kenaf - a non-wood fiber raw material - was employed to prepare micro-nano lignocellulose. The resulting slurry facilitated the production of transparent paper via a simple casting method. The prepared transparent micro-nano paper exhibited high transparency (~90 %), UVA resistance (~80 %), and hydrophobicity (~114°). More importantly, the electrostatic potential calculation demonstrates the inherent relationship between structure and performance, providing practical knowledge for constructing film materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfu Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Specialty Paper and Paper-Based Functional Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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8
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Rossato LAM, Morsali M, Ruffini E, Bertuzzi P, Serra S, D'Arrigo P, Sipponen M. Phospholipase D Immobilization on Lignin Nanoparticles for Enzymatic Transformation of Phospholipids. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202300803. [PMID: 37801034 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) are promising components for various materials, given their controllable particle size and spherical shape. However, their origin from supramolecular aggregation has limited the applicability of LNPs as recoverable templates for immobilization of enzymes. In this study, we show that stabilized LNPs are highly promising for the immobilization of phospholipase D (PLD), the enzyme involved in the biocatalytic production of high-value polar head modified phospholipids of commercial interest, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Starting from hydroxymethylated lignin, LNPs were prepared and successively hydrothermally treated to obtain c-HLNPs with high resistance to organic solvents and a wide range of pH values, covering the conditions for enzymatic reactions and enzyme recovery. The immobilization of PLD on c-HLNPs (PLD-c-HLNPs) was achieved through direct adsorption. We then successfully exploited this new enzymatic preparation in the preparation of pure polar head modified phospholipids with high yields (60-90 %). Furthermore, the high stability of PLD-c-HLNPs allows recycling for a number of reactions with appreciable maintenance of its catalytic activity. Thus, PLD-c-HLNPs can be regarded as a new, chemically stable, recyclable and user-friendly biocatalyst, based on a biobased inexpensive scaffold, to be employed in sustainable chemical processes for synthesis of value-added phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Anna Maria Rossato
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Mohammad Morsali
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eleonora Ruffini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Bertuzzi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Serra
- Instituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (SCITEC-CNR), via Luigi Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Paola D'Arrigo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Instituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (SCITEC-CNR), via Luigi Mancinelli 7, Milano, 20131, Italy
| | - Mika Sipponen
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Yang J, Xu S, Chee CY, Ching KY, Wei Y, Wang R, Al-Hada NM, Hock CC. Influence of starch silylation on the structures and properties of starch/epoxidized soybean oil-based bioplastics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129037. [PMID: 38158061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The present work systematically investigated the influence of starch silylation on the structures and properties of starch/epoxidized soybean oil-based bioplastics. Silylated starch was synthesized using starch particles (SP-ST) or gelatinized starch (SG-ST) under different silane hydrolysis pHs. Due to the appearance of -NH2 groups and lower OH wavenumbers, SP-ST obtained at pH 5 showed higher silylation degree and stronger hydrogen bond interaction with epoxidized soybean oils (ESO) than that at pH 11. The morphology analysis revealed better interfacial compatibility of ESO and SP-ST. The tensile strength of the samples containing SP-ST increased by 51.91 % than the control, emphasizing the enhanced interaction within the bioplastics. However, tensile strength of the bioplastics with SG-ST decreased by 59.56 % due to their high moisture contents from unreacted silanes. Additionally, the bioplastics with SG-ST exhibited an obvious reduction of thermal stability and an increase in water solubility because of the presence of unreacted APMS. The bioplastic degradation was not prevented by starch silylation except high pH. The bioplastics showed the most desirable tensile properties, thermal stability, and water solubility when starch was surface-modified with silanes hydrolyzed at pH 5. These outcomes made the fabricated bioplastics strong candidates for petroleum-based plastics for packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China
| | - Shicai Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China
| | - Ching Yern Chee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre of Industry Research 4.0 (CRI 4.0), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kuan Yong Ching
- University of Reading Malaysia, Kota Ilmu, Persiaran Graduan, Educity, 79200 Nusajaya, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Yunwei Wei
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China
| | - Naif Mohammed Al-Hada
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China
| | - Chuah Cheng Hock
- Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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10
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Bai J, Li H, Zhu Y, Zhu Y, Wang C, Wang H, Liao Y. Synthesis of 2,6-Dimethoxy-p-aminophenol from Hardwood Lignin. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300558. [PMID: 37449540 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the multiple functional groups in biomass offer notable chances for producing high-value chemicals, most of the current studies focused on the (deep) defunctionalization of biomass and its derivates. Herein, we present a catalytic approach to valorize birch wood lignin with maintaining the methoxy and hydroxy groups in the final product (i. e., 2,6-dimethoxy-p-aminophenol), which has applications in different sectors such as pharmaceuticals. The proved approach involves four steps with a high yield (19.8 wt % on the basis of used lignin) to 2,6-dimethoxy-p-aminophenol. The native lignin in birch wood was first converted using alkaline aerobic oxidation in the presence of copper ions toward high-yield syringaldehyde, which was then selectively oxidized toward 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone using H2 O2 and V2 O5 . Oximation of 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone can selectively form 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone-4-oxime, which can be quantitatively hydrogenated toward 2,6-dimethoxy-p-aminophenol. This work highlights the unique potential of biomass and its derivates for the sustainable production of high-value products with exploring the value of inherent functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
- Henan Outstanding Foreign Scientist's Workroom, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuhe Liao
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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11
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Huang P, Ahamed A, Sun R, De Hoe GX, Pitcher J, Mushing A, Lourenço F, Shaver MP. Circularizing PET-G Multimaterials: Life Cycle Assessment and Techno-Economic Analysis. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:15328-15337. [PMID: 37886038 PMCID: PMC10598876 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c04047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The recycling of multimaterials such as payment or access cards poses significant challenges. Building on previous experimental work demonstrating the feasibility of chemically recyclable payment cards made from glycol-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET-G), we use life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis to investigate two chemical recycling scenarios and evaluate their potential environmental and economic benefits. Recovering all components from the depolymerized products (Scenario 1) achieves substantial environmental benefits across most categories, reducing global warming by up to 67% compared to only recovering major components (Scenario 2). However, the environmental benefits in Scenario 1 incur 69% higher total annualized costs, causing its profitability to be dependent on a minimum selling price of £13.4/kg for cyclohexanedimethanol and less than a 10% discount rate. In contrast, Scenario 2 is less sensitive to discount rate variation and thus a lower risk and more economically feasible option, albeit less environmentally sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Department
of Materials, Henry Royce Institute, The
University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Ashiq Ahamed
- Pragmatic
Semiconductor Ltd., Cambridge CB4 0WH, U.K.
| | - Ruitao Sun
- School
of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Guilhem X. De Hoe
- Department
of Materials, Henry Royce Institute, The
University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Joe Pitcher
- Mastercard
DigiSec Lab, 5 Booths Park, Chelford Road, Knutsford WA16 8QZ, U.K.
| | - Alan Mushing
- Mastercard
DigiSec Lab, 5 Booths Park, Chelford Road, Knutsford WA16 8QZ, U.K.
| | - Fernando Lourenço
- Mastercard
DigiSec Lab, 5 Booths Park, Chelford Road, Knutsford WA16 8QZ, U.K.
| | - Michael P. Shaver
- Department
of Materials, Henry Royce Institute, The
University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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12
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Eng T, Banerjee D, Menasalvas J, Chen Y, Gin J, Choudhary H, Baidoo E, Chen JH, Ekman A, Kakumanu R, Diercks YL, Codik A, Larabell C, Gladden J, Simmons BA, Keasling JD, Petzold CJ, Mukhopadhyay A. Maximizing microbial bioproduction from sustainable carbon sources using iterative systems engineering. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113087. [PMID: 37665664 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maximizing the production of heterologous biomolecules is a complex problem that can be addressed with a systems-level understanding of cellular metabolism and regulation. Specifically, growth-coupling approaches can increase product titers and yields and also enhance production rates. However, implementing these methods for non-canonical carbon streams is challenging due to gaps in metabolic models. Over four design-build-test-learn cycles, we rewire Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for growth-coupled production of indigoidine from para-coumarate. We explore 4,114 potential growth-coupling solutions and refine one design through laboratory evolution and ensemble data-driven methods. The final growth-coupled strain produces 7.3 g/L indigoidine at 77% maximum theoretical yield in para-coumarate minimal medium. The iterative use of growth-coupling designs and functional genomics with experimental validation was highly effective and agnostic to specific hosts, carbon streams, and final products and thus generalizable across many systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eng
- The Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Deepanwita Banerjee
- The Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Javier Menasalvas
- The Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- The Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jennifer Gin
- The Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hemant Choudhary
- The Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Biomanufacturing and Biomaterials Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Edward Baidoo
- The Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jian Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; National Center for X-ray Tomography, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Axel Ekman
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; National Center for X-ray Tomography, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ramu Kakumanu
- The Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yuzhong Liu Diercks
- The Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alex Codik
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Carolyn Larabell
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; National Center for X-ray Tomography, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - John Gladden
- The Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Biomanufacturing and Biomaterials Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Blake A Simmons
- The Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jay D Keasling
- The Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University Denmark, 2970 Horsholm, Denmark; Synthetic Biochemistry Center, Institute for Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes for Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen, China
| | - Christopher J Petzold
- The Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Aindrila Mukhopadhyay
- The Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA; Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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13
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Wu X, De Bruyn M, Barta K. Deriving high value products from depolymerized lignin oil, aided by (bio)catalytic funneling strategies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9929-9951. [PMID: 37526604 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01555f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Lignin holds tremendous and versatile possibilities to produce value-added chemicals and high performing polymeric materials. Over the years, different cutting-edge lignin depolymerization methodologies have been developed, mainly focusing on achieving excellent yields of mono-phenolic products, some even approaching the theoretical maximum. However, due to lignin's inherent heterogeneity and recalcitrance, its depolymerization leads to relatively complex product streams, also containing dimers, and higher molecular weight fragments in substantial quantities. The subsequent chemo-catalytic valorization of these higher molecular weight streams, containing difficult-to-break, mainly C-C covalent bonds, is tremendously challenging, and has consequently received much less attention. In this minireview, we present an overview of recent advances on the development of sustainable biorefinery strategies aimed at the production of well-defined chemicals and polymeric materials, the prime focus being on depolymerized lignin oils, containing high molecular weight fractions. The key central unit operation to achieve this is (bio)catalytic funneling, which holds great potential to overcome separation and purification challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyuan Wu
- University of Groningen, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mario De Bruyn
- University of Graz, Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Katalin Barta
- University of Groningen, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Graz, Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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14
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Wu X, De Bruyn M, Hulan JM, Brasil H, Sun Z, Barta K. High yield production of 1,4-cyclohexanediol and 1,4-cyclohexanediamine from high molecular-weight lignin oil. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2023; 25:211-220. [PMID: 36685710 PMCID: PMC9808896 DOI: 10.1039/d2gc03777g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The complete utilization of all lignin depolymerization streams obtained from the reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) of woody biomass into high-value-added compounds is a timely and challenging objective. Here, we present a catalytic methodology to transform beech lignin-derived dimers and oligomers (DO) into well-defined 1,4-cyclohexanediol and 1,4-cyclohexanediamine. The latter two compounds have vast industrial relevance as monomers for polymer synthesis as well as pharmaceutical building blocks. The proposed two-step catalytic sequence involves the use of the commercially available RANEY® Ni catalyst. Therefore, the first step involves the efficient defunctionalization of lignin-derived 2,6-dimethoxybenzoquinone (DMBQ) into 1,4-cyclohexanediol (14CHDO) in 86.5% molar yield, representing a 10.7 wt% yield calculated on a DO weight basis. The second step concerns the highly selective amination of 1,4-cyclohexanediol with ammonia to give 1,4-cyclohexanediamine (14CHDA) in near quantitative yield. The ability to use RANEY® Ni and ammonia in this process holds great potential for future industrial synthesis of 1,4-cyclohexanediamine from renewable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyuan Wu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Mario De Bruyn
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Julia Michaela Hulan
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Henrique Brasil
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Zhuohua Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University No. 35 Tsinghua East Road Haidian District Beijing 100083 P. R. China
| | - Katalin Barta
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28/II 8010 Graz Austria
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15
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Closed-loop chemical recycling of cross-linked polymeric materials based on reversible amidation chemistry. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7595. [PMID: 36494357 PMCID: PMC9734120 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Closed-loop chemical recycling provides a solution to the end-of-use problem of synthetic polymers. However, it remains a major challenge to design dynamic bonds, capable of effective bonding and reversible cleaving, for preparing chemically recyclable cross-linked polymers. Herein, we report a dynamic maleic acid tertiary amide bond based upon reversible amidation reaction between maleic anhydrides and secondary amines. This dynamic bond allows for the construction of polymer networks with tailorable and robust mechanical properties, covering strong elastomers with a tensile strength of 22.3 MPa and rigid plastics with a yield strength of 38.3 MPa. Impressively, these robust polymeric materials can be completely depolymerized in an acidic aqueous solution at ambient temperature, leading to efficient monomer recovery with >94% separation yields. Meanwhile, the recovered monomers can be used to remanufacture cross-linked polymeric materials without losing their original mechanical performance. This work unveils a general approach to design polymer networks with tunable mechanical performance and closed-loop recyclability, which will open a new avenue for sustainable polymeric materials.
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16
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Peroxyacetic Acid Pretreatment: A Potentially Promising Strategy towards Lignocellulose Biorefinery. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196359. [PMID: 36234896 PMCID: PMC9573572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The stubborn and complex structure of lignocellulose hinders the valorization of each component of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the biorefinery industries. Therefore, efficient pretreatment is an essential and prerequisite step for lignocellulose biorefinery. Recently, a considerable number of studies have focused on peroxyacetic acid (PAA) pretreatment in lignocellulose fractionation and some breakthroughs have been achieved in recent decades. In this article, we aim to highlight the challenges of PAA pretreatment and propose a roadmap towards lignocellulose fractionation by PAA for future research. As a novel promising pretreatment method towards lignocellulosic fractionation, PAA is a strong oxidizing agent that can selectively remove lignin and hemicellulose from lignocellulose, retaining intact cellulose for downstream upgrading. PAA in lignocellulose pretreatment can be divided into commercial PAA, chemical activation PAA, and enzymatic in-situ generation of PAA. Each PAA for lignocellulose fractionation shows its own advantages and disadvantages. To meet the theme of green chemistry, enzymatic in-situ generation of PAA has aroused a great deal of enthusiasm in lignocellulose fractionation. Furthermore, mass balance and techno-economic analyses are discussed in order to evaluate the feasibility of PAA pretreatment in lignocellulose fractionation. Ultimately, some perspectives and opportunities are proposed to address the existing limitations in PAA pretreatment towards biomass biorefinery valorization. In summary, from the views of green chemistry, enzymatic in-situ generation of PAA will become a cutting-edge topic research in the lignocellulose fractionation in future.
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17
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Wu X, De bruyn M, Barta K. One-Pot Catalytic Conversion of Lignin-Derivable Guaiacols and Syringols to Cyclohexylamines. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200914. [PMID: 35871610 PMCID: PMC9796232 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic primary amines are elementary building blocks to many fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and polymers. Here, a powerful one-pot Raney Ni-based catalytic strategy was developed to transform guaiacol into cyclohexylamine using NH3 (7 bar) and H2 (10 bar) in up to 94 % yield. The methodology was extendable to the conversion of a wider range of guaiacols and syringols into their corresponding cyclohexylamines. Notably, a crude bio-oil originating from the reductive catalytic fractionation of birch lignocellulose was transformed into a product mixture rich in 4-propylcyclohexylamine, constituting an interesting case of catalytic funneling. The isolated yield of the desired 4-propylcyclohexylamine reached as high as 7 wt % (on lignin basis). Preliminary mechanistic studies pointed at the consecutive occurrence of three key catalytic transformations, namely, demethoxylation, hydrogenation, and amination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyuan Wu
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Mario De bruyn
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28/II8010GrazAustria
| | - Katalin Barta
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28/II8010GrazAustria
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18
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Wu X, De Bruyn M, Barta K. Primary amines from lignocellulose by direct amination of alcohol intermediates, catalyzed by RANEY® Ni. Catal Sci Technol 2022; 12:5908-5916. [PMID: 36324826 PMCID: PMC9528992 DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00864e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary amines are crucially important building blocks for the synthesis of a wide range of industrially relevant products. Our comprehensive catalytic strategy presented here allows diverse primary amines from lignocellulosic biomass to be sourced in a straightforward manner and with minimal purification effort. The core of the methodology is the efficient RANEY® Ni-catalyzed hydrogen-borrowing amination (with ammonia) of the alcohol intermediates, namely alkyl-phenol derivatives as well as aliphatic alcohols, obtained through the two-stage LignoFlex process. Hereby the first stage entails the copper-doped porous metal oxide (Cu20PMO) catalyzed reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) of pine lignocellulose into a crude bio-oil, rich in dihydroconiferyl alcohol (1G), which could be converted into dihydroconiferyl amine (1G amine) in high selectivity using ammonia gas, by applying our selective amination protocol. Notably also, the crude RCF-oil directly afforded 1G amine in a high 4.6 wt% isolated yield (based on lignin content). Finally it was also shown that the here developed Ni-catalysed heterogeneous catalytic procedure was equally capable of transforming a range of aliphatic linear/cyclic primary/secondary alcohols – available from the second stage of the LignoFlex procedure – into their respective primary amines. A highly efficient RANEY® Ni-based amination methodology using ammonia that is capable of converting lignocellulose-derived alcohol intermediates into their corresponding primary amines in high selectivity, following hydrogen borrowing methodology.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyuan Wu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Mario De Bruyn
- Institute for Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Katalin Barta
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
- Institute for Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
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