1
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Sato H, Sugimoto T. Direct Operando Identification of Reactive Electron Species Driving Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution on Metal-Loaded Oxides. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39189394 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Performing operando spectroscopy under practical reaction conditions and extracting spectral components correlating with reaction activity are crucial in elucidating the reactive species in photocatalysis. However, the observation of weak signals corresponding to reactive photogenerated species is frequently hampered under reaction conditions owing to intense background signals originating from thermally induced species unrelated to the photoinduced reactions. Herein, by synchronizing the millisecond periodic excitations of photocatalysts with a Michelson interferometer used for FT-IR spectroscopy, we succeeded in significantly suppressing the signals derived from thermally excited electrons and observing the reactive photogenerated electrons contributing to the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. This demonstration was achieved for metal-loaded oxide photocatalysts under steam methane reforming and water splitting conditions. Although it has long been conventionally believed that loaded metal cocatalysts function as sinks for reactive photogenerated electrons and active sites for reduction reactions, we found that the free electrons in the metal cocatalysts were not directly involved in the reduction reaction. Alternatively, the electrons shallowly trapped in the in-gap states of oxides contributed to enhancing the hydrogen evolution rate upon the loading of metal cocatalysts. We verified that the electron abundance in the in-gap states was clearly correlated to the reaction activity, suggesting that metal-induced semiconductor surface states formed in the periphery of the metal cocatalyst play key roles in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Our microscopic insights shift a paradigm on the traditionally believed role of metal cocatalysts in photocatalysis and provide a fundamental basis for rational design of the metal/oxide interfaces as promising platforms for nonthermal hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Sato
- Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sugimoto
- Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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2
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Aso R, Midoh Y, Tanigaki T, Murakami Y. High-precision charge analysis in a catalytic nanoparticle by electron holography. Microscopy (Oxf) 2024; 73:301-307. [PMID: 38549513 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The charge state of supported metal catalysts is the key to understand the elementary processes involved in catalytic reactions. However, high-precision charge analysis of the metal catalysts at the atomic level is experimentally challenging. To address this critical challenge, high-sensitivity electron holography has recently been successfully applied for precisely measuring the elementary charges on individual platinum nanoparticles supported on a titanium dioxide surface. In this review, we introduce the latest advancements in high-precision charge analysis and discuss the mechanisms of charge transfer at the metal-support interface. The development of charge measurements is entering a new era, and charge analyses under conditions closer to practical working environments, such as real-time, real-space, and reactive gas environments, are expected to be realized in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Aso
- Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Midoh
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tanigaki
- Research and Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., Akanuma 2520, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Murakami
- Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- The Ultramicroscopy Research Center, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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3
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Oda A, Kimura Y, Ichino K, Yamamoto Y, Kumagai J, Lee G, Sawabe K, Satsuma A. Rutile TiO 2-Supported Pt Nanoparticle Catalysts for the Low-Temperature Oxidation of Ethane to Ethanol. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:20122-20132. [PMID: 38985988 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Structure-function relationships of supported metal nanoparticle catalysts in the CO-assisted oxidation of ethane to ethanol were investigated. A rutile TiO2-supported Pt nanoparticle catalyst exhibited the highest ethanol production rate and selectivity. During the reaction, sequential changes in the geometric/electronic states and the particle size of the Pt nanoparticles were observed. The comparison of the catalytic performances of model catalysts with controlled metal-support interactions revealed that Pt0 nanoparticles of 2-3 nm with a high fraction of the surface Ptδ+ species are highly active for the oxidation of ethane to ethanol. The coadded CO plays a pivotal role not only in tuning the oxidation state of the surface Pt but also in producing H2O2, which is the true oxidant for the reaction. The supported Pt nanoparticle uses in situ-generated H2O2 to activate ethane, where the C2H5OOH intermediate is formed through a nonradical mechanism and subsequently converted to C2H5OH. This reaction occurs even at 50 °C with an apparent activation energy of 32 kJ mol-1. The present study sheds light on the usefulness of surface-engineered Pt nanoparticles for the low-temperature oxidation of ethane to ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Oda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuya Kimura
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Koyo Ichino
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamamoto
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Jun Kumagai
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Gunik Lee
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Sawabe
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Atsushi Satsuma
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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4
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Li W, Liu Y, Azam A, Liu Y, Yang J, Wang D, Sorrell CC, Zhao C, Li S. Unlocking Efficiency: Minimizing Energy Loss in Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404658. [PMID: 38923073 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Catalysts play a crucial role in water electrolysis by reducing the energy barriers for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER). Research aims to enhance the intrinsic activities of potential catalysts through material selection, microstructure design, and various engineering techniques. However, the energy consumption of catalysts has often been overlooked due to the intricate interplay among catalyst microstructure, dimensionality, catalyst-electrolyte-gas dynamics, surface chemistry, electron transport within electrodes, and electron transfer among electrode components. Efficient catalyst development for high-current-density applications is essential to meet the increasing demand for green hydrogen. This involves transforming catalysts with high intrinsic activities into electrodes capable of sustaining high current densities. This review focuses on current improvement strategies of mass exchange, charge transfer, and reducing electrode resistance to decrease energy consumption. It aims to bridge the gap between laboratory-developed, highly efficient catalysts and industrial applications regarding catalyst structural design, surface chemistry, and catalyst-electrode interplay, outlining the development roadmap of hierarchically structured electrode-based water electrolysis for minimizing energy loss in electrocatalysts for water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Li
- UNSW Materials and Manufacturing Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yang Liu
- UNSW Materials and Manufacturing Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ashraful Azam
- UNSW Materials and Manufacturing Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yichen Liu
- UNSW Materials and Manufacturing Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jack Yang
- UNSW Materials and Manufacturing Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Danyang Wang
- UNSW Materials and Manufacturing Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Charles Christopher Sorrell
- UNSW Materials and Manufacturing Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Chuan Zhao
- UNSW Materials and Manufacturing Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Sean Li
- UNSW Materials and Manufacturing Futures Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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5
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Mesa CA, Sachs M, Pastor E, Gauriot N, Merryweather AJ, Gomez-Gonzalez MA, Ignatyev K, Giménez S, Rao A, Durrant JR, Pandya R. Correlating activities and defects in (photo)electrocatalysts using in-situ multi-modal microscopic imaging. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3908. [PMID: 38724495 PMCID: PMC11082147 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Photo(electro)catalysts use sunlight to drive chemical reactions such as water splitting. A major factor limiting photocatalyst development is physicochemical heterogeneity which leads to spatially dependent reactivity. To link structure and function in such systems, simultaneous probing of the electrochemical environment at microscopic length scales and a broad range of timescales (ns to s) is required. Here, we address this challenge by developing and applying in-situ (optical) microscopies to map and correlate local electrochemical activity, with hole lifetimes, oxygen vacancy concentrations and photoelectrode crystal structure. Using this multi-modal approach, we study prototypical hematite (α-Fe2O3) photoelectrodes. We demonstrate that regions of α-Fe2O3, adjacent to microstructural cracks have a better photoelectrochemical response and reduced back electron recombination due to an optimal oxygen vacancy concentration, with the film thickness and extended light exposure also influencing local activity. Our work highlights the importance of microscopic mapping to understand activity, in even seemingly homogeneous photoelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo A Mesa
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I, 12006, Castelló, Spain
- Sociedad de Doctores e Investigadores de Colombia, Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación - BioGRID, Bogotá, 111011, Colombia
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, UAB Campus, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Sachs
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ernest Pastor
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I, 12006, Castelló, Spain
- CNRS, Univ Rennes, IPR (Institut de Physique de Rennes) - UMR 6251, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Gauriot
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alice J Merryweather
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miguel A Gomez-Gonzalez
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantin Ignatyev
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Sixto Giménez
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) Universitat Jaume I, 12006, Castelló, Spain
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 7AX, United Kingdom
| | - Raj Pandya
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK.
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
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6
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Xue F, Wang F, Liao M, Liu M, Hong Q, Li Z, Xia C, Wang J. Influences of Ru and ZrO 2 interaction on the hydroesterification of styrene. RSC Adv 2024; 14:11914-11920. [PMID: 38623300 PMCID: PMC11017194 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00054d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Interfacial Lewis acid-base pairs are commonly found in ZrO2-supported metal catalysts due to the facile generation of oxygen vacancies of ZrO2. These pairs have been reported to play a crucial role in olefin hydroesterification, especially in the absence of acid promoters and ligands. In this study, a series of ZrO2-supported Ru catalysts with ruthenium(iii) chloride and ruthenium(iii) acetylacetonate as precursors were prepared for the styrene hydroesterification. The catalysts were thoroughly characterized by TPR, TEM, EPR, XPS, and FTIR. The Ru precursors significantly influenced the size and electronic properties of Ru clusters, albeit having minimal impact on oxygen vacancies. Mechanistic studies of styrene hydroesterification over ZrO2-supported Ru catalysts revealed that the carbon monoxide insertion followed the hydrogen transfer step to activated styrene. Higher activity is exhibited over ZrO2-supported Ru catalysts prepared with ruthenium(iii) chloride as a precursor, attributed to the lower adsorption strength of CO over Ru clusters, as evidenced by FTIR and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Min Liao
- Ganzhou Branch of Jiangxi Tobacco Corporation Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Mengli Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Qunye Hong
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Chungu Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Jinbang Wang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC Zhengzhou 450001 P. R. China
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7
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Liu Y, Li L, Wang L, Li N, Zhao X, Chen Y, Sakthivel T, Dai Z. Janus electronic state of supported iridium nanoclusters for sustainable alkaline water electrolysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2851. [PMID: 38565546 PMCID: PMC10987502 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal-support electronic interactions play crucial roles in triggering the hydrogen spillover (HSo) to boost hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). It requires the supported metal of electron-rich state to facilitate the proton adsorption/spillover. However, this electron-rich metal state contradicts the traditional metal→support electron transfer protocol and is not compatible with the electron-donating oxygen evolution reaction (OER), especially in proton-poor alkaline conditions. Here we profile an Ir/NiPS3 support structure to study the Ir electronic states and performances in HSo/OER-integrated alkaline water electrolysis. The supported Ir is evidenced with Janus electron-rich and electron-poor states at the tip and interface regions to respectively facilitate the HSo and OER processes. Resultantly, the water electrolysis (WE) is efficiently implemented with 1.51 V at 10 mA cm-2 for 1000 h in 1 M KOH and 1.44 V in urea-KOH electrolyte. This research clarifies the Janus electronic state as fundamental in rationalizing efficient metal-support WE catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoda Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ya Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Thangavel Sakthivel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gyeongbuk, 39177, South Korea
| | - Zhengfei Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China.
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8
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Bijelić L, Ruiz-Zepeda F, Hodnik N. The role of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy in unraveling the structure-property relationships of Pt-based fuel cells electrocatalysts. Inorg Chem Front 2024; 11:323-341. [PMID: 38235274 PMCID: PMC10790562 DOI: 10.1039/d3qi01998e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Platinum-based fuel cell electrocatalysts are structured on a nano level in order to extend their active surface area and maximize the utilization of precious and scarce platinum. Their performance is dictated by the atomic arrangement of their surface layers atoms via structure-property relationships. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) are the preferred methods for characterizing these catalysts, due to their capacity to achieve local atomic-level resolutions. Size, morphology, strain and local composition are just some of the properties of Pt-based nanostructures that can be obtained by (S)TEM. Furthermore, advanced methods of (S)TEM are able to provide insights into the quasi-in situ, in situ or even operando stability of these nanostructures. In this review, we present state-of-the-art applications of (S)TEM in the investigation and interpretation of structure-activity and structure-stability relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazar Bijelić
- Laboratory for Electrocatalysis, Department of Materials Chemistry, National Insititute of Chemistry Hajdrihova 19 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- University of Nova Gorica Vipavska 13 Nova Gorica SI-5000 Slovenia
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda
- Laboratory for Electrocatalysis, Department of Materials Chemistry, National Insititute of Chemistry Hajdrihova 19 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Department of Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Institute for Metals and Technology IMT Lepi pot 11 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Nejc Hodnik
- Laboratory for Electrocatalysis, Department of Materials Chemistry, National Insititute of Chemistry Hajdrihova 19 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- University of Nova Gorica Vipavska 13 Nova Gorica SI-5000 Slovenia
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9
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Liu Y, Ma C, Zhang J, Zhou H, Qin G, Li S. Tuning the electronic structure of Pd by the surface configuration of Al 2O 3 for hydrogenation reactions. NANOSCALE 2023; 16:335-342. [PMID: 38059873 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05258c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The electronic interaction between a metal and a support modulates the electronic structures of supported metals and plays an important role in manipulating their catalytic performance. However, this interaction is mainly realized in heterogeneous catalysts composed of reducible oxides. Herein, we demonstrate the electronic interaction between γ-Al2O3 and η-Al2O3 with varying acid-base properties and supported Pd nanoparticles (NPs) of 2 nm in size. The strength and number of acid-base sites on the supports and catalysts were systemically characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and TPD. The supported Pd NPs exhibit electron-rich surface properties by receiving electrons from the electron-donating basic sites on γ-Al2O3, which are beneficial for catalyzing the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene. In contrast, Pd NPs loaded on η-Al2O3 are electron-deficient because of the rich electron-withdrawing acid sites of η-Al2O3. As a result, Pd/η-Al2O3 exhibits higher catalytic activity in phenylacetylene hydrogenation than Pd/γ-Al2O3. Our results suggest a promising route for designing high-performance catalysts by adjusting the acid-base properties of Al2O3 supports to maneuver the electronic structures of metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglei Liu
- Key Lab for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (MoE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Chicheng Ma
- Key Lab for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (MoE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Jiye Zhang
- Key Lab for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (MoE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Huiying Zhou
- Key Lab for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (MoE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Gaowu Qin
- Key Lab for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (MoE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
- Institute of Materials Intelligent Technology, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Song Li
- Key Lab for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (MoE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
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10
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Li X, Wang C, Yang J, Xu Y, Yang Y, Yu J, Delgado JJ, Martsinovich N, Sun X, Zheng XS, Huang W, Tang J. PdCu nanoalloy decorated photocatalysts for efficient and selective oxidative coupling of methane in flow reactors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6343. [PMID: 37816721 PMCID: PMC10564738 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41996-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Methane activation by photocatalysis is one of the promising sustainable technologies for chemical synthesis. However, the current efficiency and stability of the process are moderate. Herein, a PdCu nanoalloy (~2.3 nm) was decorated on TiO2, which works for the efficient, stable, and selective photocatalytic oxidative coupling of methane at room temperature. A high methane conversion rate of 2480 μmol g-1 h-1 to C2 with an apparent quantum efficiency of ~8.4% has been achieved. More importantly, the photocatalyst exhibits the turnover frequency and turnover number of 116 h-1 and 12,642 with respect to PdCu, representing a record among all the photocatalytic processes (λ > 300 nm) operated at room temperature, together with a long stability of over 112 hours. The nanoalloy works as a hole acceptor, in which Pd softens and weakens C-H bond in methane and Cu decreases the adsorption energy of C2 products, leading to the high efficiency and long-time stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyi Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Jianlong Yang
- Key Lab of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, the Energy and Catalysis Hub, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Youxun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiaguo Yu
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Juan J Delgado
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- IMEYMAT, Instituto de Microscopía Electrónica y Materiales, Puerto Real, 11510, Spain
| | | | - Xiao Sun
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Zheng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, Anhui, China
| | - Weixin Huang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Junwang Tang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
- Industrial Catalysis Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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11
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Castro-Latorre P, Neyman KM, Bruix A. Systematic Characterization of Electronic Metal-Support Interactions in Ceria-Supported Pt Particles. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:17700-17710. [PMID: 37736294 PMCID: PMC10510437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c03383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Electronic metal-support interactions affect the chemical and catalytic properties of metal particles supported on reducible metal oxides, but their characterization is challenging due to the complexity of the electronic structure of these systems. These interactions often involve different states with varying numbers and positions of strongly correlated d or f electrons and the corresponding polarons. In this work, we present an approach to characterize electronic metal-support interactions by means of computationally efficient density functional calculations within the projector augmented wave method. We describe Ce3+ cations with potentials that include a Ce4f electron in the frozen core, overcoming prevalent convergence and 4f electron localization issues. We systematically explore the stability and chemical properties of different electronic states for a Pt8/CeO2(111) model system, revealing the predominant effect of electronic metal-support interactions on Pt atoms located directly at the metal-oxide interface. Adsorption energies and the reactivity of these interface Pt atoms vary significantly upon donation of electrons to the oxide support, pointing to a strategy to selectively activate interfacial sites of metal particles supported on reducible metal oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Castro-Latorre
- Departament
de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Institut de Quimica Teòrica i Computacional
(IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Konstantin M. Neyman
- Departament
de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Institut de Quimica Teòrica i Computacional
(IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA
(Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Bruix
- Departament
de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Institut de Quimica Teòrica i Computacional
(IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Chao HY, Venkatraman K, Moniri S, Jiang Y, Tang X, Dai S, Gao W, Miao J, Chi M. In Situ and Emerging Transmission Electron Microscopy for Catalysis Research. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37327473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Catalysts are the primary facilitator in many dynamic processes. Therefore, a thorough understanding of these processes has vast implications for a myriad of energy systems. The scanning/transmission electron microscope (S/TEM) is a powerful tool not only for atomic-scale characterization but also in situ catalytic experimentation. Techniques such as liquid and gas phase electron microscopy allow the observation of catalysts in an environment conducive to catalytic reactions. Correlated algorithms can greatly improve microscopy data processing and expand multidimensional data handling. Furthermore, new techniques including 4D-STEM, atomic electron tomography, cryogenic electron microscopy, and monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) push the boundaries of our comprehension of catalyst behavior. In this review, we discuss the existing and emergent techniques for observing catalysts using S/TEM. Challenges and opportunities highlighted aim to inspire and accelerate the use of electron microscopy to further investigate the complex interplay of catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yun Chao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, One Bethel Valley Road, Building 4515, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6064, United States
| | - Kartik Venkatraman
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, One Bethel Valley Road, Building 4515, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6064, United States
| | - Saman Moniri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenpei Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jianwei Miao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Miaofang Chi
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, One Bethel Valley Road, Building 4515, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6064, United States
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13
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Liu L, Corma A. Bimetallic Sites for Catalysis: From Binuclear Metal Sites to Bimetallic Nanoclusters and Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2023; 123:4855-4933. [PMID: 36971499 PMCID: PMC10141355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous bimetallic catalysts have broad applications in industrial processes, but achieving a fundamental understanding on the nature of the active sites in bimetallic catalysts at the atomic and molecular level is very challenging due to the structural complexity of the bimetallic catalysts. Comparing the structural features and the catalytic performances of different bimetallic entities will favor the formation of a unified understanding of the structure-reactivity relationships in heterogeneous bimetallic catalysts and thereby facilitate the upgrading of the current bimetallic catalysts. In this review, we will discuss the geometric and electronic structures of three representative types of bimetallic catalysts (bimetallic binuclear sites, bimetallic nanoclusters, and nanoparticles) and then summarize the synthesis methodologies and characterization techniques for different bimetallic entities, with emphasis on the recent progress made in the past decade. The catalytic applications of supported bimetallic binuclear sites, bimetallic nanoclusters, and nanoparticles for a series of important reactions are discussed. Finally, we will discuss the future research directions of catalysis based on supported bimetallic catalysts and, more generally, the prospective developments of heterogeneous catalysis in both fundamental research and practical applications.
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14
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Sun Y, Yang Z, Dai S. Nonclassical Strong Metal-Support Interactions for Enhanced Catalysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2364-2377. [PMID: 36848324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Strong metal-support interaction (SMSI), which encompasses reversible encapsulation and de-encapsulation and modulation of surface adsorption properties, imposes great impacts on the performance of heterogeneous catalysts. Recent development of SMSI has surpassed the prototypical encapsulated Pt-TiO2 catalyst, affording a series of conceptually novel and practically advantageous catalytic systems. Here we provide our perspective on recent progress in nonclassical SMSIs for enhanced catalysis. Unravelling the structural complexity of SMSI necessitates the combination of multiple characterization techniques at different scales. Synthesis strategies leveraging chemical, photonic, and mechanochemical driving forces further expand the definition and application scope of SMSI. Exquisite structure engineering permits elucidation of the interface, entropy, and size effect on the geometric and electronic characteristics. Materials innovation places the atomically thin two-dimensional materials at the forefront of interfacial active site control. A broader space is awaiting exploration, where exploitation of metal-support interactions brings compelling catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sheng Dai
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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