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Ren B, Situ J, Huang X, Tan Q, Xiao S, Li N, Tian J, Du X, Ni J, Liu Q. Selenoprotein W modulates tau homeostasis in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Commun Biol 2024; 7:872. [PMID: 39020075 PMCID: PMC11255228 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06572-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Lower selenium levels are observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, while supplementation shows multiple benefits. Selenoprotein W (SELENOW) is sensitive to selenium changes and binds to tau, reducing tau accumulation. However, whether restoration of SELENOW has any protective effect in AD models and its underlying mechanism remain unknown. Here, we confirm the association between SELENOW downregulation and tau pathology, revealing SELENOW's role in promoting tau degradation through the ubiquitin‒proteasome system. SELENOW competes with Hsp70 to interact with tau, promoting its ubiquitination and inhibiting tau acetylation at K281. SELENOW deficiency leads to synaptic defects, tau dysregulation and impaired long-term potentiation, resulting in memory deficits in mice. Conversely, SELENOW overexpression in the triple transgenic AD mice ameliorates memory impairment and tau-related pathologies, featuring decreased 4-repeat tau isoform, phosphorylation at Ser396 and Ser404, neurofibrillary tangles and neuroinflammation. Thus, SELENOW contributes to the regulation of tau homeostasis and synaptic maintenance, implicating its potential role in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Ren
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jiaxin Situ
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xuelian Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Qiulong Tan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Shifeng Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Nan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xiubo Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jiazuan Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
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Nguyen NL, Hoang TX, Kim JY. All-Trans Retinoic Acid-Induced Cell Surface Heat Shock Protein 90 Mediates Tau Protein Internalization and Degradation in Human Microglia. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04295-1. [PMID: 38900367 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the role of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in modulating the expression of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and its influence on the uptake and degradation of tau proteins in immortalized human microglia cells. We demonstrate that ATRA significantly upregulates Hsp90 expression in a concentration-dependent manner, enhancing both extracellular and intracellular Hsp90 levels. Our results show that ATRA-treated cells exhibit increased tau protein uptake via caveolae/raft-dependent endocytosis pathways. This uptake is mediated by surface Hsp90, as evidenced by the inhibition of tau internalization using an extracellular Hsp90-selective inhibitor. Further, we establish that the exogenously added full-sized monomeric tau proteins bind to Hsp90. The study also reveals that ATRA-enhanced tau uptake is followed by effective degradation through both lysosomal and proteasomal pathways. We observed a significant reduction in intracellular tau levels in ATRA-treated cells, which was reversed by lysosome or proteasome inhibitors, suggesting the involvement of both degradation pathways. Our findings highlight the potential therapeutic role of ATRA in Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. By enhancing Hsp90 expression and facilitating tau degradation, ATRA could contribute to the clearance of pathological tau proteins, offering a promising strategy for mitigating neurodegeneration. This research underscores the need for further exploration into the molecular mechanisms of tau protein internalization and degradation, which could provide valuable insights into the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Lan Nguyen
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Kyeonggi-Do 13120, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Thi Xoan Hoang
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Kyeonggi-Do 13120, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Kyeonggi-Do 13120, Seongnam, Korea.
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3
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Shi H, Zhao Y. Modulation of Tau Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease by Dietary Bioactive Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:831. [PMID: 38255905 PMCID: PMC10815728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein essential for microtubule assembly and stability in neurons. The abnormal intracellular accumulation of tau aggregates is a major characteristic of brains from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. In AD, the presence of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which is composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, is positively correlated with the severity of the cognitive decline. Evidence suggests that the accumulation and aggregation of tau cause synaptic dysfunction and neuronal degeneration. Thus, the prevention of abnormal tau phosphorylation and elimination of tau aggregates have been proposed as therapeutic strategies for AD. However, currently tau-targeting therapies for AD and other tauopathies are limited. A number of dietary bioactive compounds have been found to modulate the posttranslational modifications of tau, including phosphorylation, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) mediated modification (SUMOylation) and acetylation, as well as inhibit tau aggregation and/or promote tau degradation. The advantages of using these dietary components over synthetic substances in AD prevention and intervention are their safety and accessibility. This review summarizes the mechanisms leading to tau pathology in AD and highlights the effects of bioactive compounds on the hyperphosphorylation, aggregation and clearance of tau protein. The potential of using these bioactive compounds for AD prevention and intervention is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Shi
- Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China;
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China;
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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Esquivel AR, Hill SE, Blair LJ. DnaJs are enriched in tau regulators. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127486. [PMID: 37852393 PMCID: PMC10842427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The aberrant accumulation of tau protein is implicated as a pathogenic factor in many neurodegenerative diseases. Tau seeding may underlie its predictable spread in these diseases. Molecular chaperones can modulate tau pathology, but their effects have mainly been studied in isolation. This study employed a semi-high throughput assay to identify molecular chaperones influencing tau seeding using Tau RD P301S FRET Biosensor cells, which express a portion of tau containing the frontotemporal dementia-related P301S tau mutation fused to a FRET biosensor. Approximately fifty chaperones from five major families were screened using live cell imaging to monitor FRET-positive tau seeding. Among the tested chaperones, five exhibited significant effects on tau in the primary screen. Notably, three of these were from the DnaJ family. In subsequent studies, overexpression of DnaJA2, DnaJB1, and DnaJB6b resulted in significant reductions in tau levels. Knockdown experiments by shRNA revealed an inverse correlation between DnaJB1 and DnaJB6b with tau levels. DnaJB6b overexpression, specifically, reduced total tau levels in a cellular model with a pre-existing pool of tau, partially through enhanced proteasomal degradation. Further, DnaJB6b interacted with tau complexes. These findings highlight the potent chaperone activity within the DnaJ family, particularly DnaJB6b, towards tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail R Esquivel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Shannon E Hill
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Laura J Blair
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA; Research Service, James A Haley Veterans Hospital, 13000 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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He C, Gu J, Wang D, Wang K, Wang Y, You Q, Wang L. Small molecules targeting molecular chaperones for tau regulation: Achievements and challenges. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115859. [PMID: 37839344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal post-translational modification of microtubule-associated protein Tau (MAPT) is a prominent pathological feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous research has focused on designing small molecules to target Tau modification, aiming to restore microtubule stability and regulate Tau levels in vivo. However, progress has been hindered, and no effective Tau-targeted drugs have been successfully marketed, which urgently requires more strategies. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), especially Hsp90 and Hsp70, have been found to play a crucial role in Tau maturation and degradation. This review explores innovative approaches using small molecules that interact with the chaperone system to regulate Tau levels. We provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms involving HSPs and their co-chaperones in the Tau regulation cycle. Additionally, we analyze small molecules targeting these chaperone systems to modulate Tau function. By understanding the characteristics of the molecular chaperone system and its specific impact on Tau, we aim to provide a perspective that seeks to regulate Tau levels through the manipulation of the molecular chaperone system and ultimately develop effective treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jinying Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Danni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Keran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Nadel CM, Wucherer K, Oehler A, Thwin AC, Basu K, Callahan MD, Southworth DR, Mordes DA, Craik CS, Gestwicki JE. Phosphorylation of a Cleaved Tau Proteoform at a Single Residue Inhibits Binding to the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase, CHIP. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.16.553575. [PMID: 37645969 PMCID: PMC10462110 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.16.553575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT/tau) accumulates in a family of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In disease, tau is aberrantly modified by post-translational modifications (PTMs), including hyper-phosphorylation. However, it is often unclear which of these PTMs contribute to tau's accumulation or what mechanisms might be involved. To explore these questions, we focused on a cleaved proteoform of tau (tauC3), which selectively accumulates in AD and was recently shown to be degraded by its direct binding to the E3 ubiquitin ligase, CHIP. Here, we find that phosphorylation of tauC3 at a single residue, pS416, is sufficient to block its interaction with CHIP. A co-crystal structure of CHIP bound to the C-terminus of tauC3 revealed the mechanism of this clash and allowed design of a mutation (CHIPD134A) that partially restores binding and turnover of pS416 tauC3. We find that pS416 is produced by the known AD-associated kinase, MARK2/Par-1b, providing a potential link to disease. In further support of this idea, an antibody against pS416 co-localizes with tauC3 in degenerative neurons within the hippocampus of AD patients. Together, these studies suggest a discrete molecular mechanism for how phosphorylation at a specific site contributes to accumulation of an important tau proteoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory M Nadel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Kristin Wucherer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Abby Oehler
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Aye C Thwin
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Koli Basu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Matthew D Callahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Daniel R Southworth
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Daniel A Mordes
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Charles S Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
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Omkar S, Rysbayeva A, Truman AW. Understanding chaperone specificity: evidence for a 'client code'. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:662-664. [PMID: 37328388 PMCID: PMC10470250 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of molecular chaperones with clients can be regulated by chaperone post-translational modification (PTMs) collectively known as the 'chaperone code'. What is less understood is how PTMs on client proteins may impact chaperone-client interactions. In this forum, we discuss the possibility of a 'client code'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhi Omkar
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Ainella Rysbayeva
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Andrew W Truman
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
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8
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Nadel CM, Thwin AC, Callahan M, Lee K, Connelly E, Craik CS, Southworth DR, Gestwicki JE. The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase, CHIP/STUB1, Inhibits Aggregation of Phosphorylated Proteoforms of Microtubule-associated Protein Tau (MAPT). J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168026. [PMID: 37330289 PMCID: PMC10491737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hyper-phosphorylated tau accumulates as insoluble fibrils in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias. The strong correlation between phosphorylated tau and disease has led to an interest in understanding how cellular factors discriminate it from normal tau. Here, we screen a panel of chaperones containing tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains to identify those that might selectively interact with phosphorylated tau. We find that the E3 ubiquitin ligase, CHIP/STUB1, binds 10-fold more strongly to phosphorylated tau than unmodified tau. The presence of even sub-stoichiometric concentrations of CHIP strongly suppresses aggregation and seeding of phosphorylated tau. We also find that CHIP promotes rapid ubiquitination of phosphorylated tau, but not unmodified tau, in vitro. Binding to phosphorylated tau requires CHIP's TPR domain, but the binding mode is partially distinct from the canonical one. In cells, CHIP restricts seeding by phosphorylated tau, suggesting that it could be an important barrier in cell-to-cell spreading. Together, these findings show that CHIP recognizes a phosphorylation-dependent degron on tau, establishing a pathway for regulating the solubility and turnover of this pathological proteoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory M Nadel
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA
| | - Aye C Thwin
- Biochemistry & Biophysics and the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA
| | - Matthew Callahan
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA
| | - Kanghyun Lee
- Biochemistry & Biophysics and the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA
| | - Emily Connelly
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA
| | - Charles S Craik
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA
| | - Daniel R Southworth
- Biochemistry & Biophysics and the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA.
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA; Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94508, USA.
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Ramirez LM, Zweckstetter M. Molecular-level interplay between intrinsically disordered clients and Hsp90. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 74:102304. [PMID: 37068388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Proteostasis is maintained by a network of molecular chaperones, a prominent member of which is the 90-kilodalton heat shock protein Hsp90. The chaperone function of Hsp90 has been extensively reviewed previously, emphasizing its ATPase activity and remodeling of folded client proteins. Experimental evidence implicating Hsp90 in neurodegenerative diseases has bolstered interest in the noncanonical chaperoning of intrinsically disordered protein (IDPs), however the interplay between Hsp90 and its disordered clients remains poorly understood. In this review we describe recent advances that have contributed to our understanding of the intricate mechanisms characterizing Hsp90-mediated chaperoning of the IDPs tau and α-synuclein and survey emerging insights into the modulation of the chaperone-client interplay in the context of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Marie Ramirez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075 Gӧttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Von-Siebold-Str. 3a, 37075 Gӧttingen, Germany; Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Gӧttingen, Germany.
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10
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Lipoprotein Metabolism, Protein Aggregation, and Alzheimer's Disease: A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032944. [PMID: 36769268 PMCID: PMC9918279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The physiopathology of AD is well described by the presence of two neuropathological features: amyloid plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. In the last decade, neuroinflammation and cellular stress have gained importance as key factors in the development and pathology of AD. Chronic cellular stress occurs in degenerating neurons. Stress Granules (SGs) are nonmembranous organelles formed as a response to stress, with a protective role; however, SGs have been noted to turn into pathological and neurotoxic features when stress is chronic, and they are related to an increased tau aggregation. On the other hand, correct lipid metabolism is essential to good function of the brain; apolipoproteins are highly associated with risk of AD, and impaired cholesterol efflux and lipid transport are associated with an increased risk of AD. In this review, we provide an insight into the relationship between cellular stress, SGs, protein aggregation, and lipid metabolism in AD.
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