1
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Chakraborty A, Yang C, Kresak JL, Silver AJ, Feier D, Tian G, Andrews M, Sobanjo OO, Hodge ED, Engelbart MK, Huang J, Harrison JK, Sarkisian MR, Mitchell DA, Deleyrolle LP. KR158 Spheres Harboring Slow-Cycling Cells Recapitulate High-Grade Glioma Features in an Immunocompetent System. Cells 2024; 13:938. [PMID: 38891070 PMCID: PMC11171638 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) poses a significant challenge in clinical oncology due to its aggressive nature, heterogeneity, and resistance to therapies. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in GBM, particularly in treatment resistance and tumor relapse, emphasizing the need to comprehend the mechanisms regulating these cells. Also, their multifaceted contributions to the tumor microenvironment (TME) underline their significance, driven by their unique properties. This study aimed to characterize glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), specifically slow-cycling cells (SCCs), in an immunocompetent murine GBM model to explore their similarities with their human counterparts. Using the KR158 mouse model, we confirmed that SCCs isolated from this model exhibited key traits and functional properties akin to human SCCs. KR158 murine SCCs, expanded in the gliomasphere assay, demonstrated sphere forming ability, self-renewing capacity, positive tumorigenicity, enhanced stemness and resistance to chemotherapy. Together, our findings validate the KR158 murine model as a framework to investigate GSCs and SCCs in GBM pathology, and explore specifically the SCC-immune system communications, understand their role in disease progression, and evaluate the effect of therapeutic strategies targeting these specific connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avirup Chakraborty
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA (A.J.S.)
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Changlin Yang
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA (A.J.S.)
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Jesse L. Kresak
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Aryeh J. Silver
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA (A.J.S.)
| | - Diana Feier
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA (A.J.S.)
| | - Guimei Tian
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Michael Andrews
- College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Olusegun O. Sobanjo
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA (A.J.S.)
| | - Ethan D. Hodge
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA (A.J.S.)
| | - Mia K. Engelbart
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA (A.J.S.)
| | - Jianping Huang
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA (A.J.S.)
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Jeffrey K. Harrison
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Matthew R. Sarkisian
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Duane A. Mitchell
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA (A.J.S.)
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Loic P. Deleyrolle
- Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA (A.J.S.)
- Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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2
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Jaiswal A, Singh R. A negative feedback loop underlies the Warburg effect. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:55. [PMID: 38789545 PMCID: PMC11126737 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis, or the Warburg effect, is used by cancer cells for proliferation while producing lactate. Although lactate production has wide implications for cancer progression, it is not known how this effect increases cell proliferation and relates to oxidative phosphorylation. Here, we elucidate that a negative feedback loop (NFL) is responsible for the Warburg effect. Further, we show that aerobic glycolysis works as an amplifier of oxidative phosphorylation. On the other hand, quiescence is an important property of cancer stem cells. Based on the NFL, we show that both aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, playing a synergistic role, are required to achieve cell quiescence. Further, our results suggest that the cells in their hypoxic niche are highly proliferative yet close to attaining quiescence by increasing their NADH/NAD+ ratio through the severity of hypoxia. The findings of this study can help in a better understanding of the link among metabolism, cell cycle, carcinogenesis, and stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Jaiswal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India
| | - Raghvendra Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, India.
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3
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Pedace L, Pizzi S, Abballe L, Vinci M, Antonacci C, Patrizi S, Nardini C, Del Bufalo F, Rossi S, Pericoli G, Gianno F, Besharat ZM, Tiberi L, Mastronuzzi A, Ferretti E, Tartaglia M, Locatelli F, Ciolfi A, Miele E. Evaluating cell culture reliability in pediatric brain tumor primary cells through DNA methylation profiling. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:92. [PMID: 38637626 PMCID: PMC11026496 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In vitro models of pediatric brain tumors (pBT) are instrumental for better understanding the mechanisms contributing to oncogenesis and testing new therapies; thus, ideally, they should recapitulate the original tumor. We applied DNA methylation (DNAm) and copy number variation (CNV) profiling to characterize 241 pBT samples, including 155 tumors and 86 pBT-derived cell cultures, considering serum vs serum-free conditions, late vs early passages, and dimensionality (2D vs 3D cultures). We performed a t-SNE classification and identified differentially methylated regions in tumors compared to cell models. Early cell cultures recapitulate the original tumor, but serum media and 2D culturing were demonstrated to significantly contribute to the divergence of DNAm profiles from the parental ones. All divergent cells clustered together acquiring a common deregulated epigenetic signature suggesting a shared selective pressure. We identified a set of hypomethylated genes shared among unfaithful cells converging on response to growth factors and migration pathways, such as signaling cascade activation, tissue organization, and cellular migration. In conclusion, DNAm and CNV are informative tools that should be used to assess the recapitulation of pBT-cells from parental tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Pedace
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Abballe
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vinci
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Celeste Antonacci
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Patrizi
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Nardini
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Del Bufalo
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rossi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Pericoli
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gianno
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomic Pathology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luca Tiberi
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Brain Disorders and Cancer, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy.
| | - Evelina Miele
- Onco-Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapies and Hemopoietic Transplant, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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4
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Diazzi S, Ablain J. Nonepithelial cancer dissemination: specificities and challenges. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:356-368. [PMID: 38135572 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cancers have served as a paradigm to study tumor dissemination but recent data have highlighted significant differences with nonepithelial cancers. Here, we review the current knowledge on nonepithelial tumor dissemination, drawing examples from the latest developments in melanoma, glioma, and sarcoma research. We underscore the importance of the reactivation of developmental processes during cancer progression and describe the nongenetic mechanisms driving nonepithelial tumor spread. We also outline therapeutic opportunities and ongoing clinical approaches to fight disseminating cancers. Finally, we discuss remaining challenges and emerging questions in the field. Defining the core principles underlying nonepithelial cancer dissemination may uncover actionable vulnerabilities of metastatic tumors and help improve the prognosis of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Diazzi
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Ablain
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
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5
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Hu Y, Yu X, Yang L, Xue G, Wei Q, Han Z, Chen H. Research progress on the antitumor effects of harmine. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1382142. [PMID: 38590646 PMCID: PMC10999596 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1382142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Harmine is a naturally occurring β-carboline alkaloid originally isolated from Peganum harmala. As a major active component, harmine exhibits a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties, particularly remarkable antitumor effects. Recent mechanistic studies have shown that harmine can inhibit cancer cell proliferation and metastasis through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell cycle regulation, angiogenesis, and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. Furthermore, harmine reduces drug resistance when used in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. Despite its remarkable antitumor activity, the application of harmine is limited by its poor solubility and toxic side effects, particularly neurotoxicity. Novel harmine derivatives have demonstrated strong clinical application prospects, but further validation based on drug activity, acute toxicity, and other aspects is necessary. Here, we present a review of recent research on the action mechanism of harmine in cancer treatment and the development of its derivatives, providing new insights into its potential clinical applications and strategies for mitigating its toxicity while enhancing its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Hu
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Department of Tumor Center, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gaimei Xue
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qinglin Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Han
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Department of Tumor Center, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Department of Tumor Center, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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6
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Michelatti D, Beyes S, Bernardis C, Negri ML, Morelli L, Bediaga NG, Poli V, Fagnocchi L, Lago S, D'Annunzio S, Cona N, Gaspardo I, Bianchi A, Jovetic J, Gianesello M, Turdo A, D'Accardo C, Gaggianesi M, Dori M, Forcato M, Crispatzu G, Rada-Iglesias A, Sosa MS, Timmers HTM, Bicciato S, Todaro M, Tiberi L, Zippo A. Oncogenic enhancers prime quiescent metastatic cells to escape NK immune surveillance by eliciting transcriptional memory. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2198. [PMID: 38503727 PMCID: PMC10951355 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastasis arises from disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) that are characterized by intrinsic phenotypic plasticity and the capability of seeding to secondary organs. DTCs can remain latent for years before giving rise to symptomatic overt metastasis. In this context, DTCs fluctuate between a quiescent and proliferative state in response to systemic and microenvironmental signals including immune-mediated surveillance. Despite its relevance, how intrinsic mechanisms sustain DTCs plasticity has not been addressed. By interrogating the epigenetic state of metastatic cells, we find that tumour progression is coupled with the activation of oncogenic enhancers that are organized in variable interconnected chromatin domains. This spatial chromatin context leads to the activation of a robust transcriptional response upon repeated exposure to retinoic acid (RA). We show that this adaptive mechanism sustains the quiescence of DTCs through the activation of the master regulator SOX9. Finally, we determine that RA-stimulated transcriptional memory increases the fitness of metastatic cells by supporting the escape of quiescent DTCs from NK-mediated immune surveillance. Overall, these findings highlight the contribution of oncogenic enhancers in establishing transcriptional memories as an adaptive mechanism to reinforce cancer dormancy and immune escape, thus amenable for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Michelatti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Sven Beyes
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Chiara Bernardis
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Maria Luce Negri
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Leonardo Morelli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Naiara Garcia Bediaga
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
- The South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vittoria Poli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia IIT, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Fagnocchi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
- Department of Epigenetics Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Sara Lago
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Sarah D'Annunzio
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Nicole Cona
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Ilaria Gaspardo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Aurora Bianchi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Jovana Jovetic
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Matteo Gianesello
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Alice Turdo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina D'Accardo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Miriam Gaggianesi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Martina Dori
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Mattia Forcato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giuliano Crispatzu
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alvaro Rada-Iglesias
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC/Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Maria Soledad Sosa
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - H T Marc Timmers
- Department of Urology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Tiberi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessio Zippo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy.
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7
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Chakraborty A, Yang C, Kresak JL, Silver A, Feier D, Tian G, Andrews M, Sobanjo OO, Hodge ED, Engelbart MK, Huang J, Harrison JK, Sarkisian MR, Mitchell DA, Deleyrolle LP. KR158 spheres harboring slow-cycling cells recapitulate GBM features in an immunocompetent system. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.26.577279. [PMID: 38501121 PMCID: PMC10945590 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) poses a significant challenge in clinical oncology due to its aggressive nature, heterogeneity, and resistance to therapies. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in GBM, particularly in treatment-resistance and tumor relapse, emphasizing the need to comprehend the mechanisms regulating these cells. Also, their multifaceted contributions to the tumor-microenvironment (TME) underline their significance, driven by their unique properties. This study aimed to characterize glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), specifically slow-cycling cells (SCCs), in an immunocompetent murine GBM model to explore their similarities with their human counterparts. Using the KR158 mouse model, we confirmed that SCCs isolated from this model exhibited key traits and functional properties akin to human SCCs. KR158 murine SCCs, expanded in the gliomasphere assay, demonstrated sphere forming ability, self-renewing capacity, positive tumorigenicity, enhanced stemness and resistance to chemotherapy. Together, our findings validate the KR158 murine model as a framework to investigate GSCs and SCCs in GBM-pathology, and explore specifically the SCC-immune system communications, understand their role in disease progression, and evaluate the effect of therapeutic strategies targeting these specific connections.
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8
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Fu RZ, Cottrell O, Cutillo L, Rowntree A, Zador Z, Wurdak H, Papalopulu N, Marinopoulou E. Identification of genes with oscillatory expression in glioblastoma: the paradigm of SOX2. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2123. [PMID: 38267500 PMCID: PMC10808450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Quiescence, a reversible state of cell-cycle arrest, is an important state during both normal development and cancer progression. For example, in glioblastoma (GBM) quiescent glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) play an important role in re-establishing the tumour, leading to relapse. While most studies have focused on identifying differentially expressed genes between proliferative and quiescent cells as potential drivers of this transition, recent studies have shown the importance of protein oscillations in controlling the exit from quiescence of neural stem cells. Here, we have undertaken a genome-wide bioinformatic inference approach to identify genes whose expression oscillates and which may be good candidates for controlling the transition to and from the quiescent cell state in GBM. Our analysis identified, among others, a list of important transcription regulators as potential oscillators, including the stemness gene SOX2, which we verified to oscillate in quiescent GSCs. These findings expand on the way we think about gene regulation and introduce new candidate genes as key regulators of quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Zhiming Fu
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Care Organisation, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford Royal, Stott Lane, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Oliver Cottrell
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Luisa Cutillo
- School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Woodhouse, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrew Rowntree
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Zsolt Zador
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 36 Queen St E, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 1280 Mains St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Center for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Heiko Wurdak
- Stem Cell and Brain Tumour Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Nancy Papalopulu
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Elli Marinopoulou
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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9
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Patel KS, Tessema KK, Kawaguchi R, Dudley L, Alvarado AG, Muthukrishnan SD, Perryman T, Hagiwara A, Swarup V, Liau LM, Wang AC, Yong W, Geschwind DH, Nakano I, Goldman SA, Everson RG, Ellingson BM, Kornblum HI. Single-nucleus expression characterization of non-enhancing region of recurrent high-grade glioma. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdae005. [PMID: 38616896 PMCID: PMC11012612 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Non-enhancing (NE) infiltrating tumor cells beyond the contrast-enhancing (CE) bulk of tumor are potential propagators of recurrence after gross total resection of high-grade glioma. Methods We leveraged single-nucleus RNA sequencing on 15 specimens from recurrent high-grade gliomas (n = 5) to compare prospectively identified biopsy specimens acquired from CE and NE regions. Additionally, 24 CE and 22 NE biopsies had immunohistochemical staining to validate RNA findings. Results Tumor cells in NE regions are enriched in neural progenitor cell-like cellular states, while CE regions are enriched in mesenchymal-like states. NE glioma cells have similar proportions of proliferative and putative glioma stem cells relative to CE regions, without significant differences in % Ki-67 staining. Tumor cells in NE regions exhibit upregulation of genes previously associated with lower grade gliomas. Our findings in recurrent GBM paralleled some of the findings in a re-analysis of a dataset from primary GBM. Cell-, gene-, and pathway-level analyses of the tumor microenvironment in the NE region reveal relative downregulation of tumor-mediated neovascularization and cell-mediated immune response, but increased glioma-to-nonpathological cell interactions. Conclusions This comprehensive analysis illustrates differing tumor and nontumor landscapes of CE and NE regions in high-grade gliomas, highlighting the NE region as an area harboring likely initiators of recurrence in a pro-tumor microenvironment and identifying possible targets for future design of NE-specific adjuvant therapy. These findings also support the aggressive approach to resection of tumor-bearing NE regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal S Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kaleab K Tessema
- The Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lindsey Dudley
- The Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alvaro G Alvarado
- The Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sree Deepthi Muthukrishnan
- The Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Travis Perryman
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Akifumi Hagiwara
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vivek Swarup
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, UCI School of Biological Sciences, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Linda M Liau
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anthony C Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - William Yong
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ichiro Nakano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokuto Social Medical Corporation, Hokuto Hospital, Hokuto, Japan
| | - Steven A Goldman
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard G Everson
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Benjamin M Ellingson
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Harley I Kornblum
- The Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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10
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Zhao H, Han R, Wang Z, Xian J, Bai X. Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells and Targeted Agents. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2763. [PMID: 38140103 PMCID: PMC10748092 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, cancer stem cells have become a hot topic in cancer therapy research. These cells possess stem cell-like self-renewal and differentiation capacities and are important factors that dominate cancer metastasis, therapy-resistance and recurrence. Worse, their inherent characteristics make them difficult to eliminate. Colorectal cancer is the third-most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Targeting colorectal cancer stem cells (CR-CSCs) can inhibit colorectal cancer metastasis, enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce recurrence. Here, we introduced the origin, biomarker proteins, identification, cultivation and research techniques of CR-CSCs, and we summarized the signaling pathways that regulate the stemness of CR-CSCs, such as Wnt, JAK/STAT3, Notch and Hh signaling pathway. In addition to these, we also reviewed recent anti-CR-CSC drugs targeting signaling pathways, biomarkers and other regulators. These will help researchers gain insight into the current agents targeting to CR-CSCs, explore new cancer drugs and propose potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Zhao
- Department of General Practice, People’s Hospital of Longhua, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen 518109, China; (H.Z.); (J.X.)
- Endocrinology Department, People’s Hospital of Longhua, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Ruining Han
- Obstetric Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China;
| | - Zhankun Wang
- Emergency Department, People’s Hospital of Longhua, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen 518109, China;
| | - Junfang Xian
- Department of General Practice, People’s Hospital of Longhua, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen 518109, China; (H.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Xiaosu Bai
- Endocrinology Department, People’s Hospital of Longhua, 38 Jinglong Jianshe Road, Shenzhen 518109, China
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11
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Mahajan S, Schmidt MHH. Distinct Lineage of Slow-Cycling Cells Amidst the Prevailing Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3843. [PMID: 37568659 PMCID: PMC10417372 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of primary brain tumor in adults [...].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirko H. H. Schmidt
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Fetscherstr 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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12
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Schloo C, Kutscher LM. Modeling brain and neural crest neoplasms with human pluripotent stem cells. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1225-1235. [PMID: 36757217 PMCID: PMC10326493 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells offer unique avenues to study human-specific aspects of disease and are a highly versatile tool in cancer research. Oncogenic processes and developmental programs often share overlapping transcriptomic and epigenetic signatures, which can be reactivated in induced pluripotent stem cells. With the emergence of brain organoids, the ability to recapitulate brain development and structure has vastly improved, making in vitro models more realistic and hence more suitable for biomedical modeling. This review highlights recent research and current challenges in human pluripotent stem cell modeling of brain and neural crest neoplasms, and concludes with a call for more rigorous quality control and for the development of models for rare tumor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedar Schloo
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena M Kutscher
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Developmental Origins of Pediatric Cancer Junior Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Wang X, Sun Y, Zhang DY, Ming GL, Song H. Glioblastoma modeling with 3D organoids: progress and challenges. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 2:kvad008. [PMID: 38596241 PMCID: PMC10913843 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive adult primary brain tumor with nearly universal treatment resistance and recurrence. The mainstay of therapy remains maximal safe surgical resection followed by concurrent radiation therapy and temozolomide chemotherapy. Despite intensive investigation, alternative treatment options, such as immunotherapy or targeted molecular therapy, have yielded limited success to achieve long-term remission. This difficulty is partly due to the lack of pre-clinical models that fully recapitulate the intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity of GBM and the complex tumor microenvironment. Recently, GBM 3D organoids originating from resected patient tumors, genetic manipulation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain organoids and bio-printing or fusion with non-malignant tissues have emerged as novel culture systems to portray the biology of GBM. Here, we highlight several methodologies for generating GBM organoids and discuss insights gained using such organoid models compared to classic modeling approaches using cell lines and xenografts. We also outline limitations of current GBM 3D organoids, most notably the difficulty retaining the tumor microenvironment, and discuss current efforts for improvements. Finally, we propose potential applications of organoid models for a deeper mechanistic understanding of GBM and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yusha Sun
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Y Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Guo-li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- GBM Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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14
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Castillo SP, Galvez-Cancino F, Liu J, Pollard SM, Quezada SA, Yuan Y. The tumour ecology of quiescence: Niches across scales of complexity. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 92:139-149. [PMID: 37037400 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Quiescence is a state of cell cycle arrest, allowing cancer cells to evade anti-proliferative cancer therapies. Quiescent cancer stem cells are thought to be responsible for treatment resistance in glioblastoma, an aggressive brain cancer with poor patient outcomes. However, the regulation of quiescence in glioblastoma cells involves a myriad of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that are not fully understood. In this review, we synthesise the literature on quiescence regulatory mechanisms in the context of glioblastoma and propose an ecological perspective to stemness-like phenotypes anchored to the contemporary concepts of niche theory. From this perspective, the cell cycle regulation is multiscale and multidimensional, where the niche dimensions extend to extrinsic variables in the tumour microenvironment that shape cell fate. Within this conceptual framework and powered by ecological niche modelling, the discovery of microenvironmental variables related to hypoxia and mechanosignalling that modulate proliferative plasticity and intratumor immune activity may open new avenues for therapeutic targeting of emerging biological vulnerabilities in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Castillo
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer & Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Felipe Galvez-Cancino
- Immune Regulation and Tumor Immunotherapy Group, Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Jiali Liu
- Immune Regulation and Tumor Immunotherapy Group, Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Steven M Pollard
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Immune Regulation and Tumor Immunotherapy Group, Cancer Immunology Unit, Research Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Yinyin Yuan
- Centre for Evolution and Cancer & Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK.
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15
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Da-Veiga MA, Coppieters N, Lombard A, Rogister B, Neirinckx V, Piette C. Comprehensive profiling of stem-like features in pediatric glioma cell cultures and their relation to the subventricular zone. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:96. [PMID: 37328883 PMCID: PMC10276389 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) are brain tumors occurring in children and adolescents associated with a dismal prognosis despite existing treatments. Therapeutic failure in both adult and pHGG has been partially imputed to glioma stem cells (GSC), a subset of cancer cells endowed with stem-like cell potential and malignant, invasive, adaptative, and treatment-resistant capabilities. Whereas GSC have largely been portrayed in adult tumors, less information has been provided in pHGG. The aim of our study was to comprehensively document the stem-like capacities of seven in-use pediatric glioma cell cultures (Res259, UW479, SF188, KNS42, SF8628, HJSD-DIPG-007 and HJSD-DIPG-012) using parallel in vitro assays assessing stem cell-related protein expression, multipotency, self-renewal and proliferation/quiescence, and in vivo investigation of their tumorigenicity and invasiveness. Data obtained from in vitro experiments revealed glioma subtype-dependent expression of stem cell-related markers and varying abilities for differentiation, self-renewal, and proliferation/quiescence. Among tested cultures, DMG H3-K27 altered cultures displayed a particular pattern of stem-like markers expression and a higher fraction of cells with self-renewal potential. Four cultures displaying distinctive stem-like profiles were further tested for their ability to initiate tumors and invade the brain tissue in mouse orthotopic xenografts. The selected cell cultures all showed a great tumor formation capacity, but only DMG H3-K27 altered cells demonstrated a highly infiltrative phenotype. Interestingly, we detected DMG H3-K27 altered cells relocated in the subventricular zone (SVZ), which has been previously described as a neurogenic area, but also a potential niche for brain tumor cells. Finally, we observed an SVZ-induced phenotypic modulation of the glioma cells, as evidenced by their increased proliferation rate. In conclusion, this study recapitulated a systematic stem-like profiling of various pediatric glioma cell cultures and call to a deeper characterization of DMG H3-K27 altered cells nested in the SVZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Da-Veiga
- Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA Neuroscience, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Natacha Coppieters
- Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA Neuroscience, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Lombard
- Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA Neuroscience, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Rogister
- Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA Neuroscience, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Virginie Neirinckx
- Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA Neuroscience, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Piette
- Laboratory of Nervous System Diseases and Therapy, GIGA Neuroscience, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
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16
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Murai T, Matsuda S. Fatty Acid Metabolites and the Tumor Microenvironment as Potent Regulators of Cancer Stem Cell Signaling. Metabolites 2023; 13:709. [PMID: 37367867 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual cancer cells are not equal but are organized into a cellular hierarchy in which only a rare few leukemia cells can self-renew in a manner reminiscent of the characteristic stem cell properties. The PI3K/AKT pathway functions in a variety of cancers and plays a critical role in the survival and proliferation of healthy cells under physiologic conditions. In addition, cancer stem cells might exhibit a variety of metabolic reprogramming phenotypes that cannot be completely attributed to the intrinsic heterogeneity of cancer. Given the heterogeneity of cancer stem cells, new strategies with single-cell resolution will become a powerful tool to eradicate the aggressive cell population harboring cancer stem cell phenotypes. Here, this article will provide an overview of the most important signaling pathways of cancer stem cells regarding their relevance to the tumor microenvironment and fatty acid metabolism, suggesting valuable strategies among cancer immunotherapies to inhibit the recurrence of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Murai
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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17
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Lago C, Gianesello M, Santomaso L, Leva G, Ballabio C, Anderle M, Antonica F, Tiberi L. Medulloblastoma and high-grade glioma organoids for drug screening, lineage tracing, co-culture and in vivo assay. Nat Protoc 2023:10.1038/s41596-023-00839-2. [PMID: 37248391 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma and high-grade glioma represent the most aggressive and frequent lethal solid tumors affecting individuals during pediatric age. During the past years, several models have been established for studying these types of cancers. Human organoids have recently been shown to be a valid alternative model to study several aspects of brain cancer biology, genetics and test therapies. Notably, brain cancer organoids can be generated using genetically modified cerebral organoids differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). However, the protocols to generate them and their downstream applications are very rare. Here, we describe the protocols to generate cerebellum and forebrain organoids from hiPSCs, and the workflow to genetically modify them by overexpressing genes found altered in patients to finally produce cancer organoids. We also show detailed protocols to use medulloblastoma and high-grade glioma organoids for orthotopic transplantation and co-culture experiments aimed to study cell biology in vivo and in vitro, for lineage tracing to investigate the cell of origin and for drug screening. The protocol takes 60-65 d for cancer organoids generation and from 1-4 weeks for downstream applications. The protocol requires at least 3-6 months to become proficient in culturing hiPSCs, generating organoids and performing procedures on immunodeficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lago
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Brain Disorders and Cancer, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Matteo Gianesello
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Brain Disorders and Cancer, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Lucia Santomaso
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Brain Disorders and Cancer, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Gloria Leva
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Brain Disorders and Cancer, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Claudio Ballabio
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Brain Disorders and Cancer, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Marica Anderle
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Brain Disorders and Cancer, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Antonica
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Brain Disorders and Cancer, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
| | - Luca Tiberi
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Brain Disorders and Cancer, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
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18
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Nikolic A, Maule F, Bobyn A, Ellestad K, Paik S, Marhon SA, Mehdipour P, Lun X, Chen HM, Mallard C, Hay AJ, Johnston MJ, Gafuik CJ, Zemp FJ, Shen Y, Ninkovic N, Osz K, Labit E, Berger ND, Brownsey DK, Kelly JJ, Biernaskie J, Dirks PB, Derksen DJ, Jones SJM, Senger DL, Chan JA, Mahoney DJ, De Carvalho DD, Gallo M. macroH2A2 antagonizes epigenetic programs of stemness in glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3062. [PMID: 37244935 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38919-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-renewal is a crucial property of glioblastoma cells that is enabled by the choreographed functions of chromatin regulators and transcription factors. Identifying targetable epigenetic mechanisms of self-renewal could therefore represent an important step toward developing effective treatments for this universally lethal cancer. Here we uncover an epigenetic axis of self-renewal mediated by the histone variant macroH2A2. With omics and functional assays deploying patient-derived in vitro and in vivo models, we show that macroH2A2 shapes chromatin accessibility at enhancer elements to antagonize transcriptional programs of self-renewal. macroH2A2 also sensitizes cells to small molecule-mediated cell death via activation of a viral mimicry response. Consistent with these results, our analyses of clinical cohorts indicate that high transcriptional levels of this histone variant are associated with better prognosis of high-grade glioma patients. Our results reveal a targetable epigenetic mechanism of self-renewal controlled by macroH2A2 and suggest additional treatment approaches for glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Nikolic
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Francesca Maule
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anna Bobyn
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Katrina Ellestad
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Seungil Paik
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Parinaz Mehdipour
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xueqing Lun
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Huey-Miin Chen
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Claire Mallard
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alexander J Hay
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael J Johnston
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christopher J Gafuik
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Franz J Zemp
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yaoqing Shen
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nicoletta Ninkovic
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Katalin Osz
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Elodie Labit
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Compararive Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - N Daniel Berger
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Duncan K Brownsey
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John J Kelly
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Compararive Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Peter B Dirks
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Darren J Derksen
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Donna L Senger
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Chan
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Douglas J Mahoney
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel D De Carvalho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marco Gallo
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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19
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Esimbekova AR, Palkina NV, Zinchenko IS, Belenyuk VD, Savchenko AA, Sergeeva EY, Ruksha T. Focal adhesion alterations in
G0
‐positive melanoma cells. Cancer Med 2022; 12:7294-7308. [PMID: 36533319 PMCID: PMC10067123 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is a highly heterogeneous malignant tumor that exhibits various forms of drug resistance. Recently, reversal transition of cancer cells to the G0 phase of the cell cycle under the influence of therapeutic drugs has been identified as an event associated with tumor dissemination. In the present study, we investigated the ability of chemotherapeutic agent dacarbazine to induce a transition of melanoma cells to the G0 phase as a mechanism of chemoresistance. METHODS We used the flow cytometry to analyze cell distribution within cell cycle phases after dacarbazine treatment as well as to identifyG0 -positive cells population. Transcriptome profiling was provided to determine genes associated with dacarbazine resistance. We evaluated the activity of β-galactosidase in cells treated with dacarbazine by substrate hydrolysis. Cell adhesion strength was measured by centrifugal assay application with subsequent staining of adhesive cells with Ki-67 monoclonal antibodies. Ability of melanoma cells to metabolize dacarbazine was determined by expressional analysis of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 followed by CYP1A1 protein level evaluation by the ELISA method. RESULTS The present study determined that dacarbazine treatment of melanoma cells could induce an increase in the percentage of cells in G0 phase without alterations of β-galactosidase positive cells which corresponded to the fraction of the senescent cells. Transcriptomic profiling of cells under dacarbazine induction of G0 -positive cells percentage revealed that 'VEGFA-VEGFR2 signaling pathway' and 'Cell cycle' signaling were mostly enriched by dysregulated genes. 'Focal adhesion' signaling was also found to be triggered by dacarbazine. In melanoma cells treated with dacarbazine, an increase in G0 -positive cells among adherent cells was found. CONCLUSIONS Dacarbazine induces the alteration in a percentage of melanoma cells residing in G0 phase of a cell cycle. The altered adhesive phenotype of cancer cells under transition in the G0 phase may refer to a specific intercellular communication pattern of quiescent/senescent cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadezhda V. Palkina
- Department of Pathophysiology Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | - Ivan S. Zinchenko
- Department of Pathophysiology Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | - Vasiliy D. Belenyuk
- Laboratory of Cell Molecular Physiology and Pathology Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center of The Siberian Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | - Andrey A. Savchenko
- Laboratory of Cell Molecular Physiology and Pathology Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center of The Siberian Branch of The Russian Academy of Sciences Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | - Ekaterina Yu Sergeeva
- Department of Pathophysiology Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Krasnoyarsk Russia
| | - Tatiana G. Ruksha
- Department of Pathophysiology Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Krasnoyarsk Russia
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20
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Roles of Chromatin Remodelling and Molecular Heterogeneity in Therapy Resistance in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194942. [PMID: 36230865 PMCID: PMC9563350 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We review the role of chromatin and epigenetic dysregulation in therapy resistance in glioblastoma. We discuss how epigenetic and genetic forces may cooperate to programme functional cell states that are inherently resistant to therapy. Targeting epigenetic factors that are dysregulated in this malignancy could, therefore, improve clinical outcomes for patients. We highlight some preclinical and clinical compounds that were tested or are currently being explored for glioblastoma. Lastly, we present our thoughts on the requirements for the development of next-generation epigenetic therapies. Abstract Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a therapy-resistant reservoir in glioblastoma (GBM). It is now becoming clear that epigenetic and chromatin remodelling programs link the stemlike behaviour of CSCs to their treatment resistance. New evidence indicates that the epigenome of GBM cells is shaped by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including their genetic makeup, their interactions and communication with other neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells, including immune cells, and their metabolic niche. In this review, we explore how all these factors contribute to epigenomic heterogeneity in a tumour and the selection of therapy-resistant cells. Lastly, we discuss current and emerging experimental platforms aimed at precisely understanding the epigenetic mechanisms of therapy resistance that ultimately lead to tumour relapse. Given the growing arsenal of drugs that target epigenetic enzymes, our review addresses promising preclinical and clinical applications of epidrugs to treat GBM, and possible mechanisms of resistance that need to be overcome.
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