1
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Liu K, Wu P. Small Ionic-Liquid-Based Molecule Drives Strong Adhesives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403220. [PMID: 38622058 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Nature has inspired scientists to fabricate adhesive materials for applications in many burgeoning areas. However, it is still a significant challenge to develop small-molecule adhesives with high-strength, low-temperature and recyclable properties, although these merits are of great interest in various aspects. Herein, we report a series of strong adhesives based on low-molecular-weight molecular solids driven by the terminal modification of ionic liquids (ILs) and subsequent supramolecular self-assembly. The emergence of high strength and liquid-to-solid transitions for these supramolecular aggregates relies on modifying IL with a high melting point motif and enriching the types of noncovalent interactions in the original ILs. Using this strategy, we demonstrate that our IL-based molecular solids can efficiently obtain a high adhesion strength (up to 8.95 MPa). Importantly, we elucidate the mechanism underlying the reversible and strong adhesion enabled by monomer-to-polymer transitions. These fundamental findings provide guidance for the design of high-performance supramolecular adhesive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
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2
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Zhang J, Jiang C, Deng G, Luo M, Ye B, Zhang H, Miao M, Li T, Zhang D. Closed-loop recycling of tough epoxy supramolecular thermosets constructed with hyperbranched topological structure. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4869. [PMID: 38849328 PMCID: PMC11161517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The regulation of topological structure of covalent adaptable networks (CANs) remains a challenge for epoxy CANs. Here, we report a strategy to develop strong and tough epoxy supramolecular thermosets with rapid reprocessability and room-temperature closed-loop recyclability. These thermosets were constructed from vanillin-based hyperbranched epoxy resin (VanEHBP) through the introduction of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and dual dynamic covalent bonds, as well as the formation of intramolecular and intermolecular cavities. The supramolecular structures confer remarkable energy dissipation capability of thermosets, leading to high toughness and strength. Due to the dynamic imine exchange and reversible noncovalent crosslinks, the thermosets can be rapidly and effectively reprocessed at 120 °C within 30 s. Importantly, the thermosets can be efficiently depolymerized at room temperature, and the recovered materials retain the structural integrity and mechanical properties of the original samples. This strategy may be employed to design tough, closed-loop recyclable epoxy thermosets for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junheng Zhang
- Hubei R&D Center of Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis and Applications, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang, 515200, China.
| | - Can Jiang
- Hubei R&D Center of Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis and Applications, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Guoyan Deng
- Hubei R&D Center of Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis and Applications, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Bangjiao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Menghe Miao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Tingcheng Li
- Hubei R&D Center of Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis and Applications, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Daohong Zhang
- Hubei R&D Center of Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis and Applications, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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3
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Du S, Yang S, Wang B, Li P, Zhu J, Ma S. Acetal-thiol Click-like Reaction: Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Dynamic Dithioacetals and Recyclable Polydithioacetals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202405653. [PMID: 38764409 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Dithioacetals are heavily used in organic, material and medical chemistries, and exhibit huge potential to synthesize degradable or recyclable polymers. However, the current synthetic approaches of dithioacetals and polydithioacetals are overwhelmingly dependent on external catalysts and organic solvents. Herein, we disclose a catalyst- and solvent-free acetal-thiol click-like reaction for synthesizing dithioacetals and polydithioacetals. High conversion, higher than acid catalytic acetal-thiol reaction, can be achieved. High universality was confirmed by monitoring the reactions of linear and cyclic acetals (including renewable bio-sourced furan-acetal) with aliphatic and aromatic thiols, and the reaction mechanism of monomolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN1) and auto-protonation (activation) by thiol was clarified by combining experiments and density functional theory computation. Subsequently, we utilize this reaction to synthesize readily recyclable polydithioacetals. By simple heating and stirring, linear polydithioacetals withM ‾ ${\bar M}$ w of ~110 kDa were synthesized from acetal and dithiol, and depolymerization into macrocyclic dithioacetal and repolymerization into polydithioacetal can be achieved; through reactive extrusion, a semi-interpenetrating polymer dynamic network with excellent mechanical properties and continuous reprocessability was prepared from poly(vinyl butyral) and pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate). This green and high-efficient synthesis method for dithioacetals and polydithioacetals is beneficial to the sustainable development of chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Du
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Shuaiqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Binbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Songqi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P. R. China
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4
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Wang S, Feng H, Lim JYC, Li K, Li B, Mah JJQ, Xing Z, Zhu J, Loh XJ, Li Z. Recyclable, Malleable, and Strong Thermosets Enabled by Knoevenagel Adducts. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9920-9927. [PMID: 38557104 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Plastic recycling is critical for waste management and achieving a circular economy, but it entails difficult trade-offs between performance and recyclability. Here, we report a thermoset, poly(α-cyanocinnamate) (PCC), synthesized using Knoevenagel condensation between terephthalaldehyde (TPA) and a triarm cyanoacetate star, that tackles this difficulty by harnessing its intrinsically conjugated and dynamic chemical characteristics. PCCs exhibit extraordinary thermal and mechanical properties with a typical Tg of ∼178 °C, Young's modulus of 3.8 GPa, and tensile strength of 102 MPa, along with remarkable flexibility and dimensional and chemical stabilities. Furthermore, end-of-life PCCs can be selectively degraded and partially recycled back into one starting monomer TPA for a new production cycle or reprocessed through dynamic exchange aided by cyanoacetate chain-ends. This study lays the scientific groundwork for the design of robust and recyclable thermosets, with transformative potential in plastic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore
| | - Hongzhi Feng
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jason Y C Lim
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Bofan Li
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore
| | - Justin J Q Mah
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Zhenxiang Xing
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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5
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He L, Jiang Y, Wei J, Zhang Z, Hong T, Ren Z, Huang J, Huang F, Stang PJ, Li S. Highly robust supramolecular polymer networks crosslinked by a tiny amount of metallacycles. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3050. [PMID: 38594237 PMCID: PMC11004166 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular polymeric materials have exhibited attractive features such as self-healing, reversibility, and stimuli-responsiveness. However, on account of the weak bonding nature of most noncovalent interactions, it remains a great challenge to construct supramolecular polymeric materials with high robustness. Moreover, high usage of supramolecular units is usually necessary to promote the formation of robust supramolecular polymeric materials, which restrains their applications. Herein, we describe the construction of highly robust supramolecular polymer networks by using only a tiny amount of metallacycles as the supramolecular crosslinkers. A norbornene ring-opening metathesis copolymer with a 120° dipyridine ligand is prepared and self-assembled with a 60° or 120° Pt(II) acceptor to fabricate the metallacycle-crosslinked polymer networks. With only 0.28 mol% or less pendant dipyridine units to form the metallacycle crosslinkers, the mechanical properties of the polymers are significantly enhanced. The tensile strengths, Young's moduli, and toughness of the reinforced polymers reach up to more than 20 MPa, 600 MPa, and 150 MJ/m3, respectively. Controllable destruction and reconstruction of the metallacycle-crosslinked polymer networks are further demonstrated by the sequential addition of tetrabutylammonium bromide and silver triflate, indicative of good stimuli-responsiveness of the networks. These remarkable performances are attributed to the thermodynamically stable, but dynamic metallacycle-based supramolecular coordination complexes that offer strong linkages with good adaptive characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang He
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Wei
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zibin Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tao Hong
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jianying Huang
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Feihe Huang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Peter J Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
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6
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Niu W, Li Z, Liang F, Zhang H, Liu X. Ultrastable, Superrobust, and Recyclable Supramolecular Polymer Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318434. [PMID: 38234012 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymer networks (SPNs), crosslinked by noncovalent bonds, have emerged as reorganizable and recyclable polymeric materials with unique functionality. However, poor stability is an imperative challenge faced by SPNs, because SPNs are susceptible to heat, water, and/or solvents due to the dynamic and reversible nature of noncovalent bonds. Herein, the design of a noncovalent cooperative network (NCoN) to simultaneously stabilize and reinforce SPNs is reported, resulting in an ultrastable, superrobust, and recyclable SPN. The NCoN is constructed by multiplying the H-bonding sites and tuning the conformation/geometry of the H-bonding segment to optimize the multivalence cooperativity of H-bonds. The rationally designed H-bonding segment with high conformational compliance favors the formation of tightly packed H-bond arrays comprising higher-density and stronger H-bonds. Consequently, the H-bonded crosslinks in the NCoN display a covalent crosslinking effect but retain on-demand dynamics and reversibility. The resultant ultrastable SPN not only displays remarkable resistance to heat up to 120 °C, water soaking, and a broad spectrum of solvents, but also possesses a superhigh true stress at break (1.1 GPa) and an ultrahigh toughness (406 MJ m-3 ). Despite the covalent-network-like stability, the SPN is recyclable through activating its reversibility in a high-polarity solvent heated to a threshold temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zequan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Fengli Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Houyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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Lu X, Xie P, Li X, Li T, Sun J. Acid-Cleavable Aromatic Polymers for the Fabrication of Closed-Loop Recyclable Plastics with High Mechanical Strength and Excellent Chemical Resistance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316453. [PMID: 38130147 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Although closed-loop recycling of dynamic covalent bond-based plastics does not require catalysts, their mechanical strength and chemical stability remain a major concern. In this study, closed-loop recyclable poly(aryl imine) (PAI) plastics with high mechanical strength and excellent chemical resistance are fabricated by copolymerizing aromatic amines and aromatic aldehydes through dynamic imine bonds. The resulting PAI plastic with a tensile strength of 58.2 MPa exhibits excellent chemical resistance and mechanical stability in acidic and basic aqueous solutions and various organic solvents. The PAI plastics can be depolymerized in a mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran (THF)/HCl aqueous solution through the dissociation of imine bonds, and the monomers can be facilely recovered with high purity and isolated yields due to the solubility difference between the aromatic amines and aromatic aldehydes in selective solvents. The efficient closed-loop recycling of the PAI plastic can also be realized through monomer conversion because the hydrolysis of the aromatic aldehydes generates aromatic amines. The recovered monomers can be used to re-fabricate original PAI plastics. This PAI plastic can be selectively recovered from complicated mixed polymer waste streams due to the mild depolymerization conditions of the PAI plastic and its high stability in most organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tianqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Junqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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8
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Hollstein S, von Delius M. The Dynamic Chemistry of Orthoesters and Trialkoxysilanes: Making Supramolecular Hosts Adaptive, Fluxional, and Degradable. Acc Chem Res 2024. [PMID: 38286767 PMCID: PMC10882968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusThe encapsulation of ions into macro(bi)cyclic hosts lies at the core of supramolecular chemistry. While chemically inert hosts such as crown ethers (synthesis) and cyclodextrins (Febreze) have enabled real-world applications, there is a wider and accelerating trend toward functional molecules and materials that are stimuli-responsive, degradable, or recyclable. To endow supramolecular hosts with these properties, a deviation from ether C-O bonds is required, and functional groups that engage in equilibrium reactions under relatively mild conditions are needed.In this Account, we describe our group's work on supramolecular hosts that comprise orthoester and trialkoxysilane bridgeheads. In their simplest structural realization, these compounds resemble both Cram's crown ethers (macrocycles with oxygen donor atoms) and Lehn's cryptands (macrobicycles with 3-fold symmetry). It is therefore not surprising that these new hosts were found to have a natural propensity to bind cations relatively strongly. In recent work, we were also able to create anion-binding hosts by placing disubstituted urea motifs at the center of the tripodal architecture. Structural modifications of either the terminal substituents (e.g., H vs CH3 on the bridgehead), the diol (e.g., chiral), or the bridgehead atom itself (Si vs C) were found to have profound implications on the guest-binding properties.What makes orthoester/trialkoxysilane hosts truly unique is their dynamic covalent chemistry. The ability to conduct exchange reactions with alcohols at the bridgehead carbon or silicon atom is first and foremost an opportunity to develop highly efficient syntheses. Indeed, all hosts presented in this Account were prepared via templated self-assembly in yields of up to 90%. This efficiency is remarkable because the macrobicyclic architecture is established in one single step from at least five components. A second opportunity presented by dynamic bridgeheads is that suitable mixtures of orthoester hosts or their subcomponents can be adaptive, i.e. they respond to the presence of guests such that the addition of a certain guest can dictate the formation of a preferred host. In an extreme example of dynamic adaptivity, we found that ammonium ions can fulfill the dual role of catalyst for orthoester exchange and cationic template for efficient host formation, representing an unprecedented example of a fluxional supramolecular complex. The third implication of dynamic bridgeheads is due to the reaction of orthoesters and trialkoxysilanes with water instead of alcohols. We describe in detail how the hydrolysis rate differs strongly between O,O,O-orthoesters, S,S,S-trithioorthoesters, and trialkoxysilanes and how it is tunable by the choice of substituents and pH.We expect that the fundamental insights into exchange and degradation kinetics described in this Account will be useful far beyond supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Hollstein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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9
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You L. Dual reactivity based dynamic covalent chemistry: mechanisms and applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12943-12958. [PMID: 37772969 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04022d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) focuses on the reversible formation, breakage, and exchange of covalent bonds and assemblies, setting a bridge between irreversible organic synthesis and supramolecular chemistry and finding wide utility. In order to enhance structural and functional diversity and complexity, different types of dynamic covalent reactions (DCRs) are placed in one vessel, encompassing orthogonal DCC without crosstalk and communicating DCC with a shared reactive functional group. As a means of adding tautomers, widespread in chemistry, to interconnected DCRs and combining the features of orthogonal and communicating DCRs, a concept of dual reactivity based DCC and underlying structural and mechanistic insights are summarized. The manipulation of the distinct reactivity of structurally diverse ring-chain tautomers allows selective activation and switching of reaction pathways and corresponding DCRs (C-N, C-O, and C-S) and assemblies. The coupling with photoswitches further enables light-mediated formation and scission of multiple types of reversible covalent bonds. To showcase the capability of dual reactivity based DCC, the versatile applications in dynamic polymers and luminescent materials are presented, paving the way for future functionalization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
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10
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Qin B, Liu S, Xu JF. Reversible Amidation Chemistry Enables Closed-Loop Chemical Recycling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites to Monomers and Fibers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311856. [PMID: 37675859 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient recycling of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites into monomers and fibers is a formidable challenge. Herein, we present a closed-loop recycling approach for carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites using reversible amidation chemistry, which enables the complete recovery of intact carbon fibers and pure monomers. The polymer network, synthesized by amidation between a macromonomer linear polyethyleneimine and a bifunctional maleic anhydride cross-linker, serves as a matrix for the construction of composites with exceptional mechanical properties, thermal stability and solvent resistance. The matrices can be fully depolymerized under the acidic condition at ambient temperature, allowing the effective separation and recovery of both carbon fibers and the two monomers. The reclaimed carbon fibers retain nearly identical mechanical properties to pristine ones, while pure monomers are recycled with high separation yields (>93 %). They can be reused in for multiple cycles for the manufacture of new composites, whose mechanical properties recover over 95 % of their original properties. This line of research presents a promising approach for the design of high-performance and sustainable thermoset composites, offering significant environmental and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qin
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiang-Fei Xu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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11
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Yang S, Liu W, Guo J, Yang Z, Qiao Z, Zhang C, Li J, Xu J, Zhao N. Direct and Catalyst-Free Ester Metathesis Reaction for Covalent Adaptable Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20927-20935. [PMID: 37710975 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Thermosetting polymers possess excellent environmental resistance and mechanical properties but cannot be reprocessed due to their covalently cross-linked structures. Recycling of thermosets via the implantation of dynamic covalent bonds offers a promising solution. Here, we report the direct and catalyst-free ester metathesis of N-acyloxyphthalimide (NAPI) at about 100 °C without the requirement of hydroxyl groups and its utilization for the fabrication of covalent adaptable networks (CANs). NAPI metathesis has interesting sigmoid kinetics with a fast exchange rate, which proceeds via a free radical chain mechanism, guaranteeing a fast associative exchange under a rather low dissociation. The bifunctional molecule of NAPI as both the radical precursor and substrate is the key to the dissociatively initiated associative (DAssociative) mechanism and kinetic behavior. Based on the efficient NAPI metathesis, polyester networks, poly(N-acyloxyphthalimides) (PNAPIs), show excellent malleability. Notably, PNAPIs exhibit exceptional solvent resistance and mechanical stability at elevated temperatures owing to the unique DAssociative mechanism, suggesting exciting opportunities for designing recyclable thermosetting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenxing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhusheng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhi Qiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jikun Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Yu P, Wang H, Li T, Wang G, Jia Z, Dong X, Xu Y, Ma Q, Zhang D, Ding H, Yu B. Mechanically Robust, Recyclable, and Self-Healing Polyimine Networks. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300958. [PMID: 37088727 PMCID: PMC10323645 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To achieve energy saving and emission reduction goals, recyclable and healable thermoset materials are highly attractive. Polymer copolymerization has been proven to be a critical strategy for preparing high-performance polymeric materials. However, it remains a huge challenge to develop high-performance recyclable and healable thermoset materials. Here, polyimine dynamic networks based on two monomers with bulky pendant groups, which not only displayed mechanical properties higher than the strong and tough polymers, e.g., polycarbonate, but also excellent self-repairing capability and recyclability as thermosets are developed. Owing to the stability of conjugation effect by aromatic benzene rings, the final polyimine networks are far more stable than the reported counterparts, exhibiting excellent hydrolysis resistance under both alkaline condition and most organic solvents. These polyimine materials with conjugation structure can be completely depolymerized into monomers recovery in an acidic aqueous solution at ambient temperature. Resulting from the bulky pendant units, this method allows the exchange reactions of conjugation polyimine vitrimer easily within minutes for self-healing function. Moreover, the introduction of trifluoromethyl diphenoxybenzene backbones significantly increases tensile properties of polyimine materials. This work provides an effective strategy for fabricating high-performance polymer materials with multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced MaterialsJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangJiangsu222005P. R. China
- Jiangsu Marine Resources Development InstituteLianyungangJiangsu222005P. R. China
| | - Haiyue Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced MaterialsJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangJiangsu222005P. R. China
| | - Ting Li
- Shanghai Cedar Composites Technology Co., Ltd201306ShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Guimei Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced MaterialsJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangJiangsu222005P. R. China
| | - Zichen Jia
- School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced MaterialsJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangJiangsu222005P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Dong
- School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced MaterialsJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangJiangsu222005P. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced MaterialsJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangJiangsu222005P. R. China
| | - Qilin Ma
- School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced MaterialsJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangJiangsu222005P. R. China
| | - Dongen Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced MaterialsJiangsu Ocean UniversityLianyungangJiangsu222005P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Fire ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026P. R. China
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Al-Ithawi WKA, Khasanov AF, Kovalev IS, Nikonov IL, Platonov VA, Kopchuk DS, Santra S, Zyryanov GV, Ranu BC. TM-Free and TM-Catalyzed Mechanosynthesis of Functional Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081853. [PMID: 37112002 PMCID: PMC10142995 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanochemically induced methods are commonly used for the depolymerization of polymers, including plastic and agricultural wastes. So far, these methods have rarely been used for polymer synthesis. Compared to conventional polymerization in solutions, mechanochemical polymerization offers numerous advantages such as less or no solvent consumption, the accessibility of novel structures, the inclusion of co-polymers and post-modified polymers, and, most importantly, the avoidance of problems posed by low monomer/oligomer solubility and fast precipitation during polymerization. Consequently, the development of new functional polymers and materials, including those based on mechanochemically synthesized polymers, has drawn much interest, particularly from the perspective of green chemistry. In this review, we tried to highlight the most representative examples of transition-metal (TM)-free and TM-catalyzed mechanosynthesis of some functional polymers, such as semiconductive polymers, porous polymeric materials, sensory materials, materials for photovoltaics, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahab K A Al-Ithawi
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
| | - Albert F Khasanov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Igor S Kovalev
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Igor L Nikonov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS (Ural Division), 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya St., 620219 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vadim A Platonov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Kopchuk
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS (Ural Division), 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya St., 620219 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Sougata Santra
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Grigory V Zyryanov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS (Ural Division), 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya St., 620219 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Brindaban C Ranu
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Zhang Y, Cai C, Li F, Dong S. Supramolecular Soft Material Enabled by Metal Coordination and Hydrogen Bonding: Stretchability, Self-Healing, Impact Resistance, 3D Printing, and Motion Monitoring. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300857. [PMID: 37035948 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Metal coordination can significantly improve the macroscopic performance of many materials by enhancing their dynamic features. In this study, two supramolecular interactions, Fe3+ -carboxylic acid coordination, and structural water-induced hydrogen bonding, into an artificial polymer were introduced. Various attractive features, including flexibility and stretchability, are achieved because of the bulk state and dynamic hydrogen bonds of poly(thioctic acid-water) (poly[TA-H]). These unique features are considerably enhanced after the incorporation of Fe3+ cations into poly[TA-H] because metal coordination increased the mobility of the poly[TA-H] chains. Thus, the poly(thioctic acid-water-metal) (poly[TA-HM]) copolymer exhibited better flexibility and stretchability. Moreover, notable underwater/low-temperature self-healing capacity is obtained via the synergistic effect of the metal and hydrogen bonding. Most of the impact energy is quickly absorbed by poly[TA-H] or poly[TA-HM] and effectively and rapidly dissipated via reversible debonding/bonding via the interactions between the metal and hydrogen. Macroscopic plastic deformation or structural failure is not observed during high-speed (50-70 m s-1 ) impact experiments or high-altitude (90 m) falling tests. Furthermore, poly[TA-HM] displayed good thermal molding properties, which enabled its processing via 3D fused deposition modeling printing. Poly[TA-HM] also showed considerable effectiveness for monitoring complicated, dynamic, and irregular biological activities owing to its highly pressure-sensitive nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Changyong Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Fenfang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Shengyi Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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