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Gong Y, Zhang K, Lei IM, Wang Y, Zhong J. Advances in Piezoelectret Materials-Based Bidirectional Haptic Communication Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405308. [PMID: 38895922 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Bidirectional haptic communication devices accelerate the revolution of virtual/augmented reality and flexible/wearable electronics. As an emerging kind of flexible piezoelectric materials, piezoelectret materials can effortlessly convert mechanical force into electrical signals and respond to electrical fields in a deformation manner, exhibiting enormous potential in the construction of bidirectional haptic communication devices. Existing reviews on piezoelectret materials primarily focus on flexible energy harvesters and sensors, and the recent development of piezoelectret-based bidirectional haptic communication devices has not been comprehensively reviewed. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the materials construction, along with the recent advances in bidirectional haptic communication devices, is provided. First, the development timeline, key characteristics, and various fabrication methods of piezoelectret materials are introduced. Subsequently, following the underlying mechanisms of bidirectional electromechanical signal conversion of piezoelectret, strategies to improve the d33 coefficients of materials are proposed. The principles of haptic perception and feedback are also highlighted, and representative works and progress in this area are summarized. Finally, the challenges and opportunities associated with improving the overall practicability of piezoelectret materials-based bidirectional haptic communication devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Gong
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering and Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Kaijun Zhang
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering and Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Iek Man Lei
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering and Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Junwen Zhong
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering and Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
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2
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Chen H, Shi J, Ji C, Fan W, Sui K. Facile Multiple Graded Wrinkle Construction Strategy for Vastly Boosting the Sensing Performance of Ionic Skins. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38700267 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The construction of surface microstructures (e.g., micropyramids and wrinkles) has been proven as the most effective means to boost the sensitivity of ionic skins (I-skins). However, the single-scale micronano patterns constructed by the common fabrication strategy generally lead to a limited pressure-response range. Here, a convenient repeated stretching/coordinating/releasing strategy is developed to controllably construct multiple graded wrinkles on the polyelectrolyte hydrogel-based I-skins for increasing their sensitivity over a broad pressure range. We find that the small wrinkles allow for high sensitivity yet small pressure detection range, while the large wrinkles can reduce structural stiffening to generate large pressure-response range but incur limited sensitivity. The multiple graded wrinkles can combine the merits of both the small and large wrinkles to simultaneously improve the sensitivity and broaden the pressure-response range. In particular, the sensing performance of multiple-wrinkle-based I-skins substantially outperforms the superposition of the sensing performance of different single-wrinkle-based I-skins. As a proof of concept, the triple-wrinkle-based I-skins can provide an extremely high sensitivity of 17,309 kPa-1 and an ultrawide pressure detection range of 0.38 Pa to 372 kPa. The approach and insight contribute to the future development of I-skins with a broader pressure-response range and higher sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongen Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhuang Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Changbin Ji
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Wenxin Fan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Kunyan Sui
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
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3
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Zhu W, Wu B, Lei Z, Wu P. Piezoionic Elastomers by Phase and Interface Engineering for High-Performance Energy-Harvesting Ionotronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313127. [PMID: 38275214 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Piezoionic materials play a pivotal role in energy-harvesting ionotronics. However, a persistent challenge lies in balancing the structural requirements for voltage generation, current conduction, and mechanical adaptability. The conventional approach of employing crystalline heterostructures for stress concentration and localized charge separation, while effective for voltage generation, often compromises the stretchability and long-range charge transport found in homogeneous quasisolid states. Herein, phase and interface engineering strategy is introduced to address this dilemma and a piezoionic elastomer is presented that seamlessly integrates ionic liquids and ionic plastic crystals, forming a finely tuned microphase-separated structure with an intermediate phase. This approach promotes charge separation via stress concentration among hard phases while leveraging the high ionic charge mobility in soft and intermediate phases. Impressively, the elastomer achieves an extraordinary piezoionic coefficient of about 6.0 mV kPa-1, a more than threefold improvement over current hydrogels and ionogels. The resulting power density of 1.3 µW cm-3 sets a new benchmark, exceeding that of state-of-the-art piezoionic gels. Notably, this elastomer combines outstanding stretchability, remarkable toughness, and rapid self-healing capability, underscoring its potential for real-world applications. This work may represent a stride toward mechanically robust energy harvesting systems and provide insights into ionotronic systems for human-machine interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Baohu Wu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) Forschungszentrum Jülich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Zhouyue Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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Du G, Shao Y, Luo B, Liu T, Zhao J, Qin Y, Wang J, Zhang S, Chi M, Gao C, Liu Y, Cai C, Wang S, Nie S. Compliant Iontronic Triboelectric Gels with Phase-Locked Structure Enabled by Competitive Hydrogen Bonding. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:170. [PMID: 38592515 PMCID: PMC11003937 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Rapid advancements in flexible electronics technology propel soft tactile sensing devices toward high-level biointegration, even attaining tactile perception capabilities surpassing human skin. However, the inherent mechanical mismatch resulting from deficient biomimetic mechanical properties of sensing materials poses a challenge to the application of wearable tactile sensing devices in human-machine interaction. Inspired by the innate biphasic structure of human subcutaneous tissue, this study discloses a skin-compliant wearable iontronic triboelectric gel via phase separation induced by competitive hydrogen bonding. Solvent-nonsolvent interactions are used to construct competitive hydrogen bonding systems to trigger phase separation, and the resulting soft-hard alternating phase-locked structure confers the iontronic triboelectric gel with Young's modulus (6.8-281.9 kPa) and high tensile properties (880%) compatible with human skin. The abundance of reactive hydroxyl groups gives the gel excellent tribopositive and self-adhesive properties (peel strength > 70 N m-1). The self-powered tactile sensing skin based on this gel maintains favorable interface and mechanical stability with the working object, which greatly ensures the high fidelity and reliability of soft tactile sensing signals. This strategy, enabling skin-compliant design and broad dynamic tunability of the mechanical properties of sensing materials, presents a universal platform for broad applications from soft robots to wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Du
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzheng Shao
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Luo
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Qin
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingchao Chi
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Gao
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenchen Cai
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangxi Nie
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China.
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Kong Z, Boahen EK, Kim DJ, Li F, Kim JS, Kweon H, Kim SY, Choi H, Zhu J, Bin Ying W, Kim DH. Ultrafast underwater self-healing piezo-ionic elastomer via dynamic hydrophobic-hydrolytic domains. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2129. [PMID: 38459042 PMCID: PMC10923942 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of advanced materials capable of autonomous self-healing and mechanical stimulus sensing in aquatic environments holds great promise for applications in underwater soft electronics, underwater robotics, and water-resistant human-machine interfaces. However, achieving superior autonomous self-healing properties and effective sensing simultaneously in an aquatic environment is rarely feasible. Here, we present an ultrafast underwater molecularly engineered self-healing piezo-ionic elastomer inspired by the cephalopod's suckers, which possess self-healing properties and mechanosensitive ion channels. Through strategic engineering of hydrophobic C-F groups, hydrolytic boronate ester bonds, and ions, the material achieves outstanding self-healing efficiencies, with speeds of 94.5% (9.1 µm/min) in air and 89.6% (13.3 µm/min) underwater, coupled with remarkable pressure sensitivity (18.1 kPa-1) for sensing performance. Furthermore, integration of this mechanosensitive device into an underwater submarine for signal transmission and light emitting diode modulation demonstrates its potential for underwater robotics and smarter human-machine interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Kong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Elvis K Boahen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Fenglong Li
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hyukmin Kweon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbin Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Zhu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Wu Bin Ying
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- School of Electrical Engineering (EE), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Do Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Clean-Energy Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Wang J, Chen R, Ji D, Xu W, Zhang W, Zhang C, Zhou W, Luo T. Integrating In-Plane Thermoelectricity and Out-Plane Piezoresistivity for Fully Decoupled Temperature-Pressure Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307800. [PMID: 37948417 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
A flexible sensor that simultaneously senses temperature and pressure is crucial in various fields, such as human-machine interaction, artificial intelligence, and biomedical applications. Previous research has mainly focused on single-function flexible sensors for e-skins or smart devices, and integrated bimodal sensing of temperature and pressure without complex crosstalk decoupling algorithms remains challenging. In this work, a flexible bimodal sensor is proposed that utilizes spatial orthogonality between in-plane thermoelectricity and out-plane piezoresistivity, which enables fully decoupled temperature-pressure sensing. The proposed bimodal sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 281.46 µV K-1 for temperature sensing and 2.181 kPa-1 for pressure sensing. In the bimodal sensing mode, the sensor exhibits negligible mutual interference, providing a measurement error of ± 7% and ± 8% for temperature and pressure, respectively, within a 120 kPa pressure range and a 40 K temperature variation. Additionally, simultaneous spatial mapping of temperature and pressure with a bimodal sensor array enables contact shape identification with enhanced accuracy beyond the limit imposed by the number of sensing units. The proposed integrated bimodal sensing strategy does not require complex crosstalk decoupling algorithms, which represents a significant advancement in flexible sensors for applications that necessitate simultaneous sensing of temperature and pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Wang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Dongsheng Ji
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wenzhuo Zhang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen university, Xiamen, 361102, China
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7
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Wu F, Ren Y, Lv W, Liu X, Wang X, Wang C, Cao Z, Liu J, Wei J, Pang Y. Generating dual structurally and functionally skin-mimicking hydrogels by crosslinking cell-membrane compartments. Nat Commun 2024; 15:802. [PMID: 38280863 PMCID: PMC10821872 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin is intrinsically a cell-membrane-compartmentalized hydrogel with high mechanical strength, potent antimicrobial ability, and robust immunological competence, which provide multiple protective effects to the body. Methods capable of preparing hydrogels that can simultaneously mimic the structure and function of the skin are highly desirable but have been proven to be a challenge. Here, dual structurally and functionally skin-mimicking hydrogels are generated by crosslinking cell-membrane compartments. The crosslinked network is formed via free radical polymerization using olefinic double bond-functionalized extracellular vesicles as a crosslinker. Due to the dissipation of stretching energy mediated by vesicular deformation, the obtained compartment-crosslinked network shows enhanced mechanical strength compared to hydrogels crosslinked by regular divinyl monomers. Biomimetic hydrogels also exhibit specific antibacterial activity and adequate ability to promote the maturation and activation of dendritic cells given the existence of numerous extracellular vesicle-associated bioactive substances. In addition, the versatility of this approach to tune both the structure and function of the resulting hydrogels is demonstrated through introducing a second network by catalyst-free click reaction-mediated crosslinking between alkyne-double-ended polymers and azido-decorated extracellular vesicles. This study provides a platform to develop dual structure- and function-controllable skin-inspired biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yusheng Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuhan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenping Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Wang X, Wang Q, Wang P, Zhou M, Xu B, Liu Y, Yu Y. A soft multifunctional film from chitosan modified with disulfide bond cross-links and prepared by a simple method. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126774. [PMID: 37683753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan was modified with thioctic acid and used to prepare soft films. As confirmed by FTIR and XPS measurements, a condensation reaction occurred between the amino groups in the chitosan and the carboxyl groups in the lipoic acid to form amide bonds in the modified chitosan. Films were then prepared by casting at ambient conditions, and the effects of the chemical modification on the physical-mechanical, antibacterial, and thermal properties of the films were investigated. The results showed that the tensile strength, flexibility and recovery performance of the modified films were significantly different from those of the unmodified films. For example, the Young's modulus of a pure chitosan film was 2600 MPa, while the modified films were much more flexible with a Young's modulus as low as 32.5 MPa. Moreover, the modified chitosan films were not dissolved or damaged by common organic solvents or in highly acidic (pH 1) or highly basic (pH 13) conditions. The modified films also showed good antibacterial activity against both E coli and S aureus with inhibition rates of almost 100 %. These desirable properties suggest that the modified chitosan films prepared here have possible application prospects in flexible devices and packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Man Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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9
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Choi SG, Kang SH, Lee JY, Park JH, Kang SK. Recent advances in wearable iontronic sensors for healthcare applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1335188. [PMID: 38162187 PMCID: PMC10757853 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1335188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Iontronic sensors have garnered significant attention as wearable sensors due to their exceptional mechanical performance and the ability to maintain electrical performance under various mechanical stimuli. Iontronic sensors can respond to stimuli like mechanical stimuli, humidity, and temperature, which has led to exploration of their potential as versatile sensors. Here, a comprehensive review of the recent researches and developments on several types of iontronic sensors (e.g., pressure, strain, humidity, temperature, and multi-modal sensors), in terms of their sensing principles, constituent materials, and their healthcare-related applications is provided. The strategies for improving the sensing performance and environmental stability of iontronic sensors through various innovative ionic materials and structural designs are reviewed. This review also provides the healthcare applications of iontronic sensors that have gained increased feasibility and broader applicability due to the improved sensing performance. Lastly, outlook section discusses the current challenges and the future direction in terms of the applicability of the iontronic sensors to the healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Geun Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hun Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyeon Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kyun Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Nano Systems Institute SOFT Foundry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Choi H, Jeong U. Purposive Design of Stretchable Composite Electrodes for Strain-Negative, Strain-Neutral, and Strain-Positive Ionic Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2306795. [PMID: 37689978 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Soft ionic sensors have emerged as a promising device form to accommodate various future electronic applications. One of the hurdles in ionic sensors is that the sensing signals by mechanical deformation and other stimuli are mixed up. Although the performance of the ionic sensors is highly dependent on the structure of electrodes, systematic investigation of purposive electrode design has been rarely explored. This study proposes a simple strategy for designing stretchable composite electrodes which make the ionic sensor strain-negative, strain-neutral, and strain-positive. This study reveals that such strain-responses can be obtained by adjusting the surface coverage of the electrically-effective conductive fillers. On the basis of the concept, deposition of a Au film on an elastomer composite and crack formation of the Au film are presented for the practical fabrication of a highly reproducible strain-neutral ionic sensor. A completely strain-independent temperature sensor is demonstrated by using the Au crack-based ionic sensor. In addition, this study demonstrates a two-terminal shear sensor capable of recognizing shear directions by combining the strain-positive and strain-negative electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongseok Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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11
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Kweon H, Kim JS, Kim S, Kang H, Kim DJ, Choi H, Roe DG, Choi YJ, Lee SG, Cho JH, Kim DH. Ion trap and release dynamics enables nonintrusive tactile augmentation in monolithic sensory neuron. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi3827. [PMID: 37851813 PMCID: PMC10584339 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi3827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
An iontronic-based artificial tactile nerve is a promising technology for emulating the tactile recognition and learning of human skin with low power consumption. However, its weak tactile memory and complex integration structure remain challenging. We present an ion trap and release dynamics (iTRD)-driven, neuro-inspired monolithic artificial tactile neuron (NeuroMAT) that can achieve tactile perception and memory consolidation in a single device. Through the tactile-driven release of ions initially trapped within iTRD-iongel, NeuroMAT only generates nonintrusive synaptic memory signals when mechanical stress is applied under voltage stimulation. The induced tactile memory is augmented by auxiliary voltage pulses independent of tactile sensing signals. We integrate NeuroMAT with an anthropomorphic robotic hand system to imitate memory-based human motion; the robust tactile memory of NeuroMAT enables the hand to consistently perform reliable gripping motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyukmin Kweon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongchan Kim
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Haisu Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbin Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gue Roe
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Geol Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Clean-Energy Research Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Wang Z, Xiao C, Roy M, Yuan Z, Zhao L, Liu Y, Guo X, Lu P. Bioinspired skin towards next-generation rehabilitation medicine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1196174. [PMID: 37229496 PMCID: PMC10203386 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1196174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid progress of interdisciplinary researches from materials science, biotechnologies, biomedical engineering, and medicine, have resulted in the emerging of bioinspired skins for various fantasticating applications. Bioinspired skin is highly promising in the application of rehabilitation medicine owing to their advantages, including personalization, excellent biocompatibility, multi-functionality, easy maintainability and wearability, and mass production. Therefore, this review presents the recent progress of bioinspired skin towards next-generation rehabilitation medicine. The classification is first briefly introduced. Then, various applications of bioinspired skins in the field of rehabilitation medicine at home and abroad are discussed in detail. Last, we provide the challenges we are facing now, and propose the next research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Chen Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Mridul Roy
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Zhiyao Yuan
- SanQuan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lingyu Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Yanting Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Xuejun Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
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