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Silva DPF, Coelho RCV, Pagonabarraga I, Succi S, Telo da Gama MM, Araújo NAM. Lattice Boltzmann simulation of deformable fluid-filled bodies: progress and perspectives. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2419-2441. [PMID: 38420837 PMCID: PMC10933750 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01648j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid development of studies involving droplet microfluidics, drug delivery, cell detection, and microparticle synthesis, among others, many scientists have invested significant efforts to model the flow of these fluid-filled bodies. Motivated by the intricate coupling between hydrodynamics and the interactions of fluid-filled bodies, several methods have been developed. The objective of this review is to present a compact foundation of the methods used in the literature in the context of lattice Boltzmann methods. For hydrodynamics, we focus on the lattice Boltzmann method due to its specific ability to treat time- and spatial-dependent boundary conditions and to incorporate new physical models in a computationally efficient way. We split the existing methods into two groups with regard to the interfacial boundary: fluid-structure and fluid-fluid methods. The fluid-structure methods are characterised by the coupling between fluid dynamics and mechanics of the flowing body, often used in applications involving membranes and similar flexible solid boundaries. We further divide fluid-structure-based methods into two subcategories, those which treat the fluid-structure boundary as a continuum medium and those that treat it as a discrete collection of individual springs and particles. Next, we discuss the fluid-fluid methods, particularly useful for the simulations of fluid-fluid interfaces. We focus on models for immiscible droplets and their interaction in a suspending fluid and describe benchmark tests to validate the models for fluid-filled bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo P F Silva
- Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo C V Coelho
- Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Pagonabarraga
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer de Martí Franqués 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sauro Succi
- Center for Life Nano Science at La Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 295 Viale Regina Elena, I/00161 Roma, Italy
- Harvard Institute for Applied Computational Science, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Margarida M Telo da Gama
- Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno A M Araújo
- Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Hajam MI, Khan MM. Microfluidics: a concise review of the history, principles, design, applications, and future outlook. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:218-251. [PMID: 38108438 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01463k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies have garnered significant attention due to their ability to rapidly process samples and precisely manipulate fluids in assays, making them an attractive alternative to conventional experimental methods. With the potential for revolutionary capabilities in the future, this concise review provides readers with insights into the fascinating world of microfluidics. It begins by introducing the subject's historical background, allowing readers to familiarize themselves with the basics. The review then delves into the fundamental principles, discussing the underlying phenomena at play. Additionally, it highlights the different aspects of microfluidic device design, classification, and fabrication. Furthermore, the paper explores various applications, the global market, recent advancements, and challenges in the field. Finally, the review presents a positive outlook on trends and draws lessons to support the future flourishing of microfluidic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Irfan Hajam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, India.
| | - Mohammad Mohsin Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, India.
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Tiribocchi A, Durve M, Lauricella M, Montessori A, Succi S. Spontaneous motion of a passive fluid droplet in an active microchannel. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6556-6568. [PMID: 37599649 PMCID: PMC10467333 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00561e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
We numerically study the dynamics of a passive fluid droplet confined within a microchannel whose walls are covered with a thin layer of active gel. The latter represents a fluid of extensile material modelling, for example, a suspension of cytoskeletal filaments and molecular motors. Our results show that the layer is capable of producing a spontaneous flow triggering a rectilinear motion of the passive droplet. For a hybrid design (a single wall covered by the active layer), at the steady state the droplet attains an elliptical shape, resulting from an asymmetric saw-toothed structure of the velocity field. In contrast, if the active gel covers both walls, the velocity field exhibits a fully symmetric pattern considerably mitigating morphological deformations. We further show that the structure of the spontaneous flow in the microchannel can be controlled by the anchoring conditions of the active gel at the wall. These findings are also confirmed by selected 3D simulations. Our results may stimulate further research addressed to design novel microfludic devices whose functioning relies on the collective properties of active gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Tiribocchi
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo CNR, via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mihir Durve
- Center for Life Nano Science@La Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Lauricella
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo CNR, via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Montessori
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Informatica e delle Tecnologie Aeronautiche (DICITA), Università degli studi Roma Tre, Via Vito Volterra 62, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Sauro Succi
- Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo CNR, via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy.
- Center for Life Nano Science@La Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161, Roma, Italy
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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