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Corletto A, Myagmarsereejid P, Wang S, Yan W, Balendhran S, Liu H, Zhong YL, Crozier KB, Batmunkh M, Bullock J. Scalable Fabrication of Black Phosphorous Films for Infrared Photodetector Arrays. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403182. [PMID: 39033543 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Bulk black phosphorous (bP) exhibits excellent infrared (IR) optoelectronic properties, but most reported bP IR photodetectors are fabricated from single exfoliated flakes with lateral sizes of < 100 µm. Here, scalable thin films of bP suitable for IR photodetector arrays are realized through a tailored solution-deposition method. The properties of the bP film and their protective capping layers are optimized to fabricate bP IR photoconductors exhibiting specific detectivities up to 4.0 × 108 cm Hz1/2 W-1 with fast 30/60 µs rise/fall times under λ = 2.2 µm illumination. The scalability of the bP thin film fabrication is demonstrated by fabricating a linear array of 25 bP photodetectors and obtaining 25 × 25 pixel IR images at ≈203 ppi with good spatial fidelity. This research demonstrates a commercially viable method of fabricating scalable bP thin films for optoelectronic devices including room temperature-operable IR photodetector arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Corletto
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Purevlkham Myagmarsereejid
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Shifan Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Sivacarendran Balendhran
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Yu Lin Zhong
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Kenneth B Crozier
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Munkhbayar Batmunkh
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - James Bullock
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Kim JI, Higashitarumizu N, Wang S, Yalisove R, Scott MC, Song SY, Javey A. Multicolor Inks of Black Phosphorus for Midwave-Infrared Optoelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402922. [PMID: 38772356 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (bP) based ink with a bulk bandgap of 0.33 eV (λ = 3.7 µm) has recently been shown to be promising for large-area, high performance mid-wave infrared (MWIR) optoelectronics. However, the development of multicolor bP inks expanding across the MWIR wavelength range has been challenging. Here a multicolor ink process based on bP with spectral emission tuned from 0.28 eV (λ = 4.4 µm) to 0.8 eV (λ = 1.5 µm) is demonstrated. Specifically, through the reduction of bP particle size distribution (i.e., lateral dimension and thickness), the optical bandgap systematically blueshifts, reaching up to 0.8 eV. Conversely, alloying bP with arsenic (bP1- xAsx) induces a redshift in the bandgap to 0.28 eV. The ink processed films are passivated with an infrared-transparent epoxy for stable infrared emission in ambient air. Utilizing these multicolor bP-based inks as an infrared light source, a gas sensing system is demonstrated that selectively detects gases, such as CO2 and CH4 whose absorption band varies around 4.3 and 3.3 µm, respectively. The presented ink formulation sets the stage for the advancement of multiplex MWIR optoelectronics, including spectrometers and spectral imaging using a low-cost material processing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ik Kim
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Display Research Center, Samsung Display Co. Ltd., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Naoki Higashitarumizu
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shu Wang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Reed Yalisove
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mary C Scott
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Seung Yong Song
- Display Research Center, Samsung Display Co. Ltd., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Javey
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Liu M, Zhang W, Han S, Zhang D, Zhou X, Guo X, Chen H, Wang H, Jin L, Feng S, Wei Z. Multifunctional Conductive and Electrogenic Hydrogel Repaired Spinal Cord Injury via Immunoregulation and Enhancement of Neuronal Differentiation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313672. [PMID: 38308338 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a refractory neurological disorder. Due to the complex pathological processes, especially the secondary inflammatory cascade and the lack of intrinsic regenerative capacity, it is difficult to recover neurological function after SCI. Meanwhile, simulating the conductive microenvironment of the spinal cord reconstructs electrical neural signal transmission interrupted by SCI and facilitates neural repair. Therefore, a double-crosslinked conductive hydrogel (BP@Hydrogel) containing black phosphorus nanoplates (BP) is synthesized. When placed in a rotating magnetic field (RMF), the BP@Hydrogel can generate stable electrical signals and exhibit electrogenic characteristic. In vitro, the BP@Hydrogel shows satisfactory biocompatibility and can alleviate the activation of microglia. When placed in the RMF, it enhances the anti-inflammatory effects. Meanwhile, wireless electrical stimulation promotes the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons, which is associated with the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. In vivo, the BP@Hydrogel is injectable and can elicit behavioral and electrophysiological recovery in complete transected SCI mice by alleviating the inflammation and facilitating endogenous NSCs to form functional neurons and synapses under the RMF. The present research develops a multifunctional conductive and electrogenic hydrogel for SCI repair by targeting multiple mechanisms including immunoregulation and enhancement of neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wencan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shuwei Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xianzheng Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Haosheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, No. 247 Beiyuan Street, Tianqiao District, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Lin Jin
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biomedical Nanomaterials of Henan, Zhoukou Normal University, No. 6, Middle Section of Wenchang Avenue, Chuanhui District, Zhoukou, 466001, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zhijian Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, China
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Xie Z, Zhao T, Yu X, Wang J. Nonlinear Optical Properties of 2D Materials and their Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311621. [PMID: 38618662 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
2D materials are a subject of intense research in recent years owing to their exclusive photoelectric properties. With giant nonlinear susceptibility and perfect phase matching, 2D materials have marvelous nonlinear light-matter interactions. The nonlinear optical properties of 2D materials are of great significance to the design and analysis of applied materials and functional devices. Here, the fundamental of nonlinear optics (NLO) for 2D materials is introduced, and the methods for characterizing and measuring second-order and third-order nonlinear susceptibility of 2D materials are reviewed. Furthermore, the theoretical and experimental values of second-order susceptibility χ(2) and third-order susceptibility χ(3) are tabulated. Several applications and possible future research directions of second-harmonic generation (SHG) and third-harmonic generation (THG) for 2D materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Xie
- National Research Center for Optical Sensors/communications Integrated Networks, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Tianxiang Zhao
- National Research Center for Optical Sensors/communications Integrated Networks, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xuechao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Junjia Wang
- National Research Center for Optical Sensors/communications Integrated Networks, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, China
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Higashitarumizu N, Kawashima T, Smart T, Yalisove R, Ho CY, Madsen M, Chrzan DC, Scott MC, Jeanloz R, Yusa H, Javey A. Mid-Infrared, Optically Active Black Phosphorus Thin Films on Centimeter Scale. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3104-3111. [PMID: 38477057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) is a narrow bandgap (∼0.3 eV) semiconductor with a great potential for optoelectronic devices in the mid-infrared wavelength. However, it has been challenging to achieve a high-quality scalable BP thin film. Here we present the successful synthesis of optically active BP films on a centimeter scale. We utilize the pulsed laser deposition of amorphous red phosphorus, another allotrope of phosphorus, followed by a high-pressure treatment at ∼8 GPa to induce a phase conversion into BP crystals. The crystalline quality was improved through thermal annealing, resulting in the observation of photoluminescence emission at mid-infrared wavelengths. We demonstrate high-pressure conversion on a centimeter scale with a continuous film with a thickness of ∼18 nm using a flat-belt-type high-pressure apparatus. This synthesis procedure presents a promising route to obtain optical-quality BP films, enabling the exploration of integrated optoelectronic device applications such as light-emitting devices and mid-infrared cameras on a chip scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Higashitarumizu
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tetsuya Kawashima
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Thomas Smart
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Reed Yalisove
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chun Yuen Ho
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Morten Madsen
- Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Energy Devices (SDU CAPE), Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - Daryl C Chrzan
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mary C Scott
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Raymond Jeanloz
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hitoshi Yusa
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Ali Javey
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Koo Y, Moon T, Kang M, Joo H, Lee C, Lee H, Kravtsov V, Park KD. Dynamical control of nanoscale light-matter interactions in low-dimensional quantum materials. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:30. [PMID: 38272869 PMCID: PMC10810844 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced nano-spectroscopy and -imaging have significantly advanced our understanding of low-dimensional quantum materials and their interactions with light, providing a rich insight into the underlying physics at their natural length scale. Recently, various functionalities of the plasmonic tip expand the capabilities of the nanoscopy, enabling dynamic manipulation of light-matter interactions at the nanoscale. In this review, we focus on a new paradigm of the nanoscopy, shifting from the conventional role of imaging and spectroscopy to the dynamical control approach of the tip-induced light-matter interactions. We present three different approaches of tip-induced control of light-matter interactions, such as cavity-gap control, pressure control, and near-field polarization control. Specifically, we discuss the nanoscale modifications of radiative emissions for various emitters from weak to strong coupling regime, achieved by the precise engineering of the cavity-gap. Furthermore, we introduce recent works on light-matter interactions controlled by tip-pressure and near-field polarization, especially tunability of the bandgap, crystal structure, photoluminescence quantum yield, exciton density, and energy transfer in a wide range of quantum materials. We envision that this comprehensive review not only contributes to a deeper understanding of the physics of nanoscale light-matter interactions but also offers a valuable resource to nanophotonics, plasmonics, and materials science for future technological advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonjeong Koo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Moon
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingu Kang
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Huitae Joo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjoo Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongwoo Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Vasily Kravtsov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Kyoung-Duck Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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