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Ma F, Zhang G, Zhang J, Luo X, Liao L, Wang H, Tang X, Yi Z. Isoprenoid emissions from Schima superba and Cunninghamia lanceolata: Their responses to elevated temperature by two warming facilities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172669. [PMID: 38677435 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Isoprenoids (including isoprene (ISO) and monoterpenes (MTs)) are the majority of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) which are important carbon-containing secondary metabolites biosynthesized by organisms, especially plant in terrestrial ecosystem. Results of the warming effects on isoprenoid emissions vary within species and warming facilities, and thus conclusions remain controversial. In this study, two typical subtropical tree species seedlings of Schima superba and Cunninghamia lanceolata were cultivated under three conditions, namely no warming (CK) and two warming facilities (with infrared radiators (IR) and heating wires (HW)) in open top chamber (OTC), and the isoprenoid emissions were measured with preconcentor-GC-MS system after warming for one, two and four months. The results showed that the isoprenoid emissions from S. superba and C. lanceolata exhibited uniformity in response to two warming facilities. IR and HW both stimulated isoprenoid emissions in two plants after one month of treatment, with increased ratios of 16.3 % and 72.5 % for S. superba, and 2.47 and 5.96 times for C. lanceolata. However, the emissions were suppressed after four months, with more pronounced effect for HW. The variation in isoprenoid emissions was primarily associated with the levels of Pn, Tr, monoterpene synthase (MTPS) activity. C. lanceolata predominantly released MTs (mainly α-pinene, α-terpene, γ-terpene, and limonene), with 39.7 % to 99.6 % of the total isoprenoid but ISO was only a very minor constituent. For S. superba, MTs constituted 24.7 % to 96.1 % of total isoprenoid. It is noteworthy that HW generated a greater disturbance to physiology activity in plants. Our study provided more comprehensive and more convincing support for integrating temperature-elevation experiments of different ecosystems and assessing response and adaptation of forest carbon cycle to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Geye Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Junchuan Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xinyue Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Lulu Liao
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511443, China
| | - Xinghao Tang
- Fujian Academy of Forestry Science, Fuzhou 350012, China
| | - Zhigang Yi
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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He Z, Huan J, Ye M, Liang D, Wu Y, Li W, Gong X, Jiang L. Based on CiteSpace Insights into Illicium verum Hook. f. Current Hotspots and Emerging Trends and China Resources Distribution. Foods 2024; 13:1510. [PMID: 38790809 PMCID: PMC11119909 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Illicium verum Hook. f. is a globally significant spice, which is recognized in China as a food-medicine homolog and extensively utilized across the pharmaceutical, food, and spice industries. China boasts the world's leading resources of I. verum, yet its comprehensive utilization remains relatively underexplored. Through a resource survey of I. verum and the application of bibliometric visualization using CiteSpace, this study analyzed 324 papers published in the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) from 1962 to 2023 and 353 core documents from China's three major databases (CNKI, Wanfang Database, and VIP Database). I. verum from Guangxi province towards various southern provinces in China, with autumn fruits exhibited superior quality and market value over their spring fruits. Literature in WOSCC emerged earlier, with a research emphasis on food science technology and pharmacology pharmacy domains. WOSCC research on I. verum could be divided into two phases: an embryonic period (1962-2001) and a growth period (2002-2023), showing an overall upward trend in publication. The three major Chinese databases contain a larger number of publications, with a focus on the food sector, which could be categorized into three stages: an embryonic period (1990-1999), a growth period (2000-2010), and a stable period (2011-2023), with an overall downward trend in publication. Both Chinese and international research hotspots converge on the medical applications of I. verum, with antioxidant bioactivity research emerging as a prevailing trend. This study delineated the resource distribution of I. verum across China and identified the research hotspots and trends both in China and internationally. The findings are beneficial for guiding researchers in swiftly establishing their research focus and furnishing decision-makers with a comprehensive reference for industry information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoujian He
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (X.G.)
- School of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Wangjiang Road 29, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jie Huan
- Enyang District Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Bazhong City, No. 6, Planning Road 40, Enyang District, Bazhong 636600, China;
| | - Meng Ye
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (X.G.)
| | - Dan Liang
- Baoxing County Natural Resources and Planning Bureau of Yaan City, Lingxiu Road 256, Baoxing County, Yaan 625700, China;
| | - Yongfei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Wenjun Li
- Institute of Forestry, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Nongke Road 200, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Xiao Gong
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.H.); (X.G.)
| | - Liqiong Jiang
- Institute of Forestry, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Nongke Road 200, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.L.); (L.J.)
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3
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Jiao R, Wu B, Liang Z, Gao P, Gao X. GLV reveal species differences and responses to environment in alpine shrub Rosa sericea complex. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:166146. [PMID: 37595914 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant Volatile components are an ecological adaptation mechanism of plants that can reflect species differences and environment information where it is located. The alpine shrub Rosa sericea complex consists of several allied species, which are morphologically similar and difficult to distinguish, they are typical distribution along the elevation in the Himalayas and the Transverse Ranges. We selected two typical areas to find that the different species could be distinguished by their "green leaf volatile components" (GLV) composition as well as their geographical location, and it was evident that species with glands had higher sesquiterpene content. Correlation analysis revealed the relation between volatile components and ecology factors (climate factors, soil factors, phyllospheric microorganisms). Our study adds a new perspective and basis for the environmental adaptations of different species in the alpine shrub Rosa sericea complex from a chemical ecology perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Jiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Bohan Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenlong Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Xinfen Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
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4
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Monti MM, Mancini I, Gualtieri L, Domingo G, Beccaccioli M, Bossa R, Bracale M, Loreto F, Ruocco M. Volatilome and proteome responses to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum infection in a moderately resistant and a susceptible bean genotype. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14044. [PMID: 37882283 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the changes in the volatilome, proteome, stomatal conductance, salicylic and jasmonic acid contents of a susceptible and a moderately resistant genotype of common bean, Phaseoulus vulgaris L., challenged with Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, the causal agent of fungal anthracnose. Our results indicate differences at both proteome and volatilome levels between the two genotypes, before and after the infection, and different defense strategies. The moderately resistant genotype hindered pathogen infection, invasion, and replication mainly by maintaining epidermal and cell wall structure. The susceptible genotype was not able to limit the early stages of pathogen infection. Rather, stomatal conductance increased in the infected susceptible genotype, and enhanced synthesis of Green Leaf Volatiles and salicylic acid was observed, together with a strong hypersensitive response. Proteomic investigation provided a general framework for physiological changes, whereas observed variations in the volatilome suggested that volatile organic compounds may principally represent stress markers rather than defensive compounds per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurilia M Monti
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ilaria Mancini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Liberata Gualtieri
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Guido Domingo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marzia Beccaccioli
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università Sapienza Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Rosanna Bossa
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella Bracale
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Portici, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Michelina Ruocco
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Portici, Napoli, Italy
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5
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Agathokleous E, Sonne C, Benelli G, Calabrese EJ, Guedes RNC. Low-dose chemical stimulation and pest resistance threaten global crop production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:162989. [PMID: 36948307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide resistance increases and threatens crop production sustainability. Chemical contamination contributes to the development of pest resistance to pesticides, in part by causing stimulatory effects on pests at low sub-toxic doses and facilitating the spread of resistance genes. This article discusses hormesis and low-dose biological stimulation and their relevance to crop pest resistance. It highlights that a holistic approach is needed to tackle pest resistance to pesticides and reduce imbalance in accessing food and improving food security in accordance with the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. Among others, the effects of sub-toxic doses of pesticides should be considered when assessing the impact of synthetic and natural pesticides, while the promotion of alternative agronomical practices is needed to decrease the use of agrochemicals. Potential alternative solutions include camo-cropping, exogenous application of phytochemicals that are pest-suppressing or -repelling and/or attractive to carnivorous arthropods and other pest natural enemies, and nano-technological innovations. Moreover, to facilitate tackling of pesticide resistance in poorer countries, less technology-demanding and low-cost practices are needed. These include mixed cropping systems, diversification of cultures, use of 'push-pull cropping', incorporation of flower strips into cultivations, modification of microenvironment, and application of beneficial microorganisms and insects. However, there are still numerous open questions, and more research is needed to address the ecological and environmental effects of many of these potential solutions, with special reference to trophic webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China; Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration & Mitigation, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Arctic Research Center (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Raul Narciso C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
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6
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Escobar-Bravo R, Lin PA, Waterman JM, Erb M. Dynamic environmental interactions shaped by vegetative plant volatiles. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:840-865. [PMID: 36727645 PMCID: PMC10132087 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00061j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to November 2022Plants shape terrestrial ecosystems through physical and chemical interactions. Plant-derived volatile organic compounds in particular influence the behavior and performance of other organisms. In this review, we discuss how vegetative plant volatiles derived from leaves, stems and roots are produced and released into the environment, how their production and release is modified by abiotic and biotic factors, and how they influence other organisms. Vegetative plant volatiles are derived from different biosynthesis and degradation pathways and are released via distinct routes. Both biosynthesis and release are regulated by other organisms as well as abiotic factors. In turn, vegetative plant volatiles modify the physiology and the behavior of a wide range of organisms, from microbes to mammals. Several concepts and frameworks can help to explain and predict the evolution and ecology of vegetative plant volatile emission patterns of specific pathways: multifunctionality of specialized metabolites, chemical communication displays and the information arms race, and volatile physiochemistry. We discuss how these frameworks can be leveraged to understand the evolution and expression patterns of vegetative plant volatiles. The multifaceted roles of vegetative plant volatiles provide fertile grounds to understand ecosystem dynamics and harness their power for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Po-An Lin
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jamie M Waterman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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7
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Rieksta J, Li T, Davie‐Martin CL, Aeppli LCB, Høye TT, Rinnan R. Volatile responses of dwarf birch to mimicked insect herbivory and experimental warming at two elevations in Greenlandic tundra. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2023; 4:23-35. [PMID: 37284597 PMCID: PMC10168049 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants release a complex blend of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in response to stressors. VOC emissions vary between contrasting environments and increase with insect herbivory and rising temperatures. However, the joint effects of herbivory and warming on plant VOC emissions are understudied, particularly in high latitudes, which are warming fast and facing increasing herbivore pressure. We assessed the individual and combined effects of chemically mimicked insect herbivory, warming, and elevation on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa) VOC emissions in high-latitude tundra ecosystems in Narsarsuaq, South Greenland. We hypothesized that VOC emissions and compositions would respond synergistically to warming and herbivory, with the magnitude differing between elevations. Warming increased emissions of green leaf volatiles (GLVs) and isoprene. Herbivory increased the homoterpene, (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, emissions, and the response was stronger at high elevation. Warming and herbivory had synergistic effects on GLV emissions. Dwarf birch emitted VOCs at similar rates at both elevations, but the VOC blends differed between elevations. Several herbivory-associated VOC groups did not respond to herbivory. Harsher abiotic conditions at high elevations might not limit VOC emissions from dwarf birch, and high-elevation plants might be better at herbivory defense than assumed. The complexity of VOC responses to experimental warming, elevation, and herbivory are challenging our understanding and predictions of future VOC emissions from dwarf birch-dominated ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Rieksta
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM)Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen KDenmark
| | - Tao Li
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research StationKey Laboratory for Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Cleo L. Davie‐Martin
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM)Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen KDenmark
| | - Laurids Christian Brogaard Aeppli
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM)Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen KDenmark
| | - Toke Thomas Høye
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research CentreAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Riikka Rinnan
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM)Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen KDenmark
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8
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Koltz AM, Gough L, McLaren JR. Herbivores in Arctic ecosystems: Effects of climate change and implications for carbon and nutrient cycling. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1516:28-47. [PMID: 35881516 PMCID: PMC9796801 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Arctic terrestrial herbivores influence tundra carbon and nutrient dynamics through their consumption of resources, waste production, and habitat-modifying behaviors. The strength of these effects is likely to change spatially and temporally as climate change drives shifts in herbivore abundance, distribution, and activity timing. Here, we review how herbivores influence tundra carbon and nutrient dynamics through their consumptive and nonconsumptive effects. We also present evidence for herbivore responses to climate change and discuss how these responses may alter the spatial and temporal distribution of herbivore impacts. Several current knowledge gaps limit our understanding of the changing functional roles of herbivores; these include limited characterization of the spatial and temporal variability in herbivore impacts and of how herbivore activities influence the cycling of elements beyond carbon. We conclude by highlighting approaches that will promote better understanding of herbivore effects on tundra ecosystems, including their integration into existing biogeochemical models, new applications of remote sensing techniques, and the continued use of distributed experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Koltz
- Department of BiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA,The Arctic InstituteCenter for Circumpolar Security StudiesWashingtonDCUSA,Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Laura Gough
- Department of Biological SciencesTowson UniversityTowsonMarylandUSA
| | - Jennie R. McLaren
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Texas El PasoEl PasoTexasUSA
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9
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Gualtieri L, Monti MM, Mele F, Russo A, Pedata PA, Ruocco M. Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Profiles of Different Trichoderma Species and Their Potential Application. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8100989. [PMID: 36294554 PMCID: PMC9605199 DOI: 10.3390/jof8100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi emit a broad spectrum of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), sometimes producing species-specific volatile profiles. Volatilomes have received over the last decade increasing attention in ecological, environmental and agricultural studies due to their potential to be used in the biocontrol of plant pathogens and pests and as plant growth-promoting factors. In the present study, we characterised and compared the volatilomes from four different Trichoderma species: T. asperellum B6; T. atroviride P1; T. afroharzianum T22; and T. longibrachiatum MK1. VOCs were collected from each strain grown both on PDA and in soil and analysed using proton transfer reaction quadrupole interface time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-Qi-TOF-MS). Analysis of the detected volatiles highlighted a clear separation of the volatilomes of all the four species grown on PDA whereas the volatilomes of the soil-grown fungi could be only partially separated. Moreover, a limited number of species-specific peaks were found and putatively identified. In particular, each of the four Trichoderma species over-emitted somevolatiles involved in resistance induction, promotion of plant seed germination and seedling development and antimicrobial activity, as 2-pentyl-furan, 6PP, acetophenone and p-cymene by T. asperellum B6, T. atroviride P1, T. afroharzianum T22 and T. longibrachiatum MK1, respectively. Their potential role in interspecific interactions from the perspective of biological control is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liberata Gualtieri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurilia Maria Monti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-499-327-824
| | - Francesca Mele
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Assunta Russo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Alfonso Pedata
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Michelina Ruocco
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
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10
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Strong isoprene emission response to temperature in tundra vegetation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118014119. [PMID: 36095176 PMCID: PMC9499559 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118014119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are a crucial component of biosphere-atmosphere interactions. In northern latitudes, climate change is amplified by feedback processes in which BVOCs have a recognized, yet poorly quantified role, mainly due to a lack of measurements and concomitant modeling gaps. Hence, current Earth system models mostly rely on temperature responses measured on vegetation from lower latitudes, rendering their predictions highly uncertain. Here, we show how tundra isoprene emissions respond vigorously to temperature increases, compared to model results. Our unique dataset of direct eddy covariance ecosystem-level isoprene measurements in two contrasting ecosystems exhibited Q10 (the factor by which the emission rate increases with a 10 °C rise in temperature) temperature coefficients of up to 20.8, that is, 3.5 times the Q10 of 5.9 derived from the equivalent model calculations. Crude estimates using the observed temperature responses indicate that tundra vegetation could enhance their isoprene emissions by up to 41% (87%)-that is, 46% (55%) more than estimated by models-with a 2 °C (4 °C) warming. Our results demonstrate that tundra vegetation possesses the potential to substantially boost its isoprene emissions in response to future rising temperatures, at rates that exceed the current Earth system model predictions.
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11
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Roitsch T, Himanen K, Chawade A, Jaakola L, Nehe A, Alexandersson E. Functional phenomics for improved climate resilience in Nordic agriculture. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5111-5127. [PMID: 35727101 PMCID: PMC9440434 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The five Nordic countries span the most northern region for field cultivation in the world. This presents challenges per se, with short growing seasons, long days, and a need for frost tolerance. Climate change has additionally increased risks for micro-droughts and water logging, as well as pathogens and pests expanding northwards. Thus, Nordic agriculture demands crops that are adapted to the specific Nordic growth conditions and future climate scenarios. A focus on crop varieties and traits important to Nordic agriculture, including the unique resource of nutritious wild crops, can meet these needs. In fact, with a future longer growing season due to climate change, the region could contribute proportionally more to global agricultural production. This also applies to other northern regions, including the Arctic. To address current growth conditions, mitigate impacts of climate change, and meet market demands, the adaptive capacity of crops that both perform well in northern latitudes and are more climate resilient has to be increased, and better crop management systems need to be built. This requires functional phenomics approaches that integrate versatile high-throughput phenotyping, physiology, and bioinformatics. This review stresses key target traits, the opportunities of latitudinal studies, and infrastructure needs for phenotyping to support Nordic agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Roitsch
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Adaptive Biotechnologies, Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Kristiina Himanen
- National Plant Phenotyping Infrastructure, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Program, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aakash Chawade
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Climate laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Ajit Nehe
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
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12
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Liu L, Wang X, Lai Y, He G, Wen S, He H, Li Z, Zhang B, Zhang D. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the significant effects of fertilization on the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes in Phoebe bournei. Genomics 2022; 114:110375. [PMID: 35490893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Phoebe bournei is a potential medicinal plant. Its essential oils (Eos) are mainly composed of sesquiterpenes that has potential activities of anti-bacteria and anti-tumors. In this study, we evaluated the effects of compost and compound fertilizer on the total amount and main components of Eos in P. bournei, we also studied the molecular mechanism undergoing this process by deep sequencing the genes involved in the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenes. Fertilization enhanced the total amount of main components in Eos from both leaves and twigs. Bicyclogermacrene, the primary sesquiterpene in the leaf EO, was significantly increased under compost treatment, while bicyclogermacrene and δ-cadinene (the second most abundant sesquiterpene) were decreased under compound fertilizer treatment. The two fertilizers had no significant effect on the abundance of the primary (+) - δ-cadinene in the twig EO, but had a positive effect on the second most abundant sesquiterpene copaene. Significant differences were observed in the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with the leaves showing greater number of DEGs as compared to the twigs after compost treatment. Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis (TBB) is a key pathway of sesquiterpenes synthesis. The expression of genes regulating several important enzymes in TBB was altered after fertilization. After the compost treatment, the expression of the leaf DXS gene (ACQ66107.1), being closely related to the sesquiterpene biosynthesis in P. bournei leaves, was decreased. Compost and compound fertilizer altered the expression of the two important branch-point enzymes (FPPS and GGPPS) genes (ART33314.1 and ATT59265.1), which contributed to the changes of the total amount and components of P. bournei sesquiterpenes. This study provides a new insight into the future use of P. bournei for Eos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Yong Lai
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Gongxiu He
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Shizhi Wen
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Hanjie He
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zhenshan Li
- School of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| | - Dangquan Zhang
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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13
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Lee JS, Lee J, Choi I, Chang Y, Yoon CS, Han J. Isolation, screening and identification of key components having intense insect repellent activity against Plodia interpunctella from four different medicinal plant materials. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1105-1113. [PMID: 34322881 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global warming and the indiscriminate use of pesticides have increased the propagation of the stored-product insect pests, leading to enormous losses in the agriculture and food industries. The most used insect repellents are synthetic derivatives; however, these have an adverse effect on human health as well as on the environment. Therefore, we attempted to find materials with insect repellent activity in natural products. The present study aimed to identify the single chemical component with intense insect repellent activity in extracts from four different Oriental medicinal plant materials: (i) Anethum graveolens L. (dill) seeds; (ii) Artemisia capillaris Thunb. (capillary wormwood) leaves; (iii) smoked Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc. (mume) fruits; and (iv) Rhus javanica L. (galls). RESULTS As a result of the bioassay-guided fractionation of each extract against the Plodia interpunctella, stored-product insect, the n-hexane fraction of dill seeds extract was confirmed as the optimal fraction between all of the fractions. In total, 32 chemical components were identified from the n-hexane fraction of dill seeds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, and the two main components were dillapiole (47.51%) and carvone (26.76%). Of the two components, dillapiole was confirmed as the key component playing an essential role in insect repellent activity. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that dillapiole has the potential to be used as a natural insect repellent for the control of P. interpunctella infestation in agricultural and food products during distribution and storage. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Soo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyuk Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inyoung Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjee Chang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Suk Yoon
- Agency for Korea National Food Cluster (AnFC), Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejoon Han
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biosciences and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Swanson L, Li T, Rinnan R. Contrasting responses of major and minor volatile compounds to warming and gall-infestation in the Arctic willow Salix myrsinites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 793:148516. [PMID: 34174616 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is altering high-latitude ecosystems in multiple facets, including increased insect herbivory pressure and enhanced emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from vegetation. Yet, joint impacts of climatic drivers and insect herbivory on VOC emissions from the Arctic remain largely unknown. We examined how one-month warming by open-top plastic tents, yielding a 3-4 °C air temperature increase, and the natural presence of gall-forming eriophyoid mites, Aculus tetanothrix, individually and in combination, affect VOC emissions from whortle leaved willow, Salix myrsinites, at two elevations in an Arctic heath tundra of Abisko, Northern Sweden. We measured VOC emissions three times in the peak growing season (July) from intact and gall-infested branches using an enclosure technique and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and leaf chemical composition using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Isoprene accounted for 91% of the VOCs emitted by S. myrsinites. Isoprene emission rates tended to be higher at the high than low elevation during the measurement periods (42 μg g-1 DW h-1 vs. 23 μg g-1 DW h-1) even when temperature differences were accounted for. Experimental warming increased isoprene emissions by approximately 54%, but decreased emissions of some minor compound groups, such as green leaf volatiles (GLV) and (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT). In contrast, gall-infestation did not affect isoprene emissions but stimulated emissions of DMNT, sesquiterpenes and GLVs, particularly under ambient conditions at the low elevation. The NIRS-based chemical composition of the leaves varied between the two elevations and was affected by warming and gall-infestation. Our study suggests that under elevated temperatures, S. myrsinites increases emissions of isoprene, a highly effective compound for protection against oxidative stress, while an infestation by A. tetanothrix mites induces emissions of herbivore enemy attractants like DMNT, sesquiterpenes and GLVs. Under both conditions, warming effects on isoprene remain but mite effects on DMNT, sesquiterpenes and GLVs diminish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Swanson
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tao Li
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Riikka Rinnan
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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15
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Rieksta J, Li T, Michelsen A, Rinnan R. Synergistic effects of insect herbivory and changing climate on plant volatile emissions in the subarctic tundra. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5030-5042. [PMID: 34185349 PMCID: PMC8518364 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Climate change increases the insect abundance, especially in Arctic ecosystems. Insect herbivory also significantly increases plant emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are highly reactive in the atmosphere and play a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry and physics. However, it is unclear how the effects of insect herbivory on VOC emissions interact with climatic changes, such as warming and increased cloudiness. We assessed how experimental manipulations of temperature and light availability in subarctic tundra, that had been maintained for 30 years at the time of the measurements, affect the VOC emissions from a widespread dwarf birch (Betula nana) when subjected to herbivory by local geometrid moth larvae, the autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata) and the winter moth (Operophtera brumata). Warming and insect herbivory on B. nana stimulated VOC emission rates and altered the VOC blend. The herbivory-induced increase in sesquiterpene and homoterpene emissions were climate-treatment-dependent. Many herbivory-associated VOCs were more strongly induced in the shading treatment than in other treatments. We showed generally enhanced tundra VOC emissions upon insect herbivory and synergistic effects on the emissions of some VOC groups in a changing climate, which can have positive feedbacks on cloud formation. Furthermore, the acclimation of plants to long-term climate treatments affects VOC emissions and strongly interacts with plant responses to herbivory. Such acclimation complicates predictions of how climate change, together with interacting biotic stresses, affects VOC emissions in the high latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Rieksta
- Terrestrial Ecology SectionDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM)Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen KDenmark
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory for Bio‐resource and Eco‐environment of Ministry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Terrestrial Ecology SectionDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM)Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen KDenmark
| | - Riikka Rinnan
- Terrestrial Ecology SectionDepartment of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM)Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen KDenmark
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16
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BVOC Emissions From a Subarctic Ecosystem, as Controlled by Insect Herbivore Pressure and Temperature. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The biogenic volatile organic compounds, BVOCs have a central role in ecosystem–atmosphere interactions. High-latitude ecosystems are facing increasing temperatures and insect herbivore pressure, which may affect their BVOC emission rates, but evidence and predictions of changes remain scattered. We studied the long-term effects of + 3 °C warming and reduced insect herbivory (achieved through insecticide sprayings) on mid- and late summer BVOC emissions from field layer vegetation, supplemented with birch saplings, and the underlying soil in Subarctic mountain birch forest in Finland in 2017–2018. Reduced insect herbivory decreased leaf damage by 58–67% and total ecosystem BVOC emissions by 44–72%. Of the BVOC groups, total sesquiterpenes had 70–80% lower emissions with reduced herbivory, and in 2017 the decrease was greater in warmed plots (89% decrease) than in ambient plots (34% decrease). While non-standardized total BVOC, monoterpene, sesquiterpene and GLV emissions showed instant positive responses to increasing chamber air temperature in midsummer samplings, the long-term warming treatment effects on standardized emissions mainly appeared as changes in the compound structure of BVOC blends and varied with compounds and sampling times. Our results suggest that the effects of climate warming on the total quantity of BVOC emissions will in Subarctic ecosystems be, over and above the instant temperature effects, mediated through changes in insect herbivore pressure rather than plant growth. If insect herbivore numbers will increase as predicted under climate warming, our results forecast herbivory-induced increases in the quantity of Subarctic BVOC emissions.
Graphic Abstract
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17
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Ryde I, Li T, Rieksta J, dos Santos BM, Neilson EHJ, Gericke O, Jepsen JU, Bork LRH, Holm HS, Rinnan R. Seasonal and elevational variability in the induction of specialized compounds from mountain birch (Betula pubescens var. pumila) by winter moth larvae (Operophtera brumata). TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1019-1033. [PMID: 33601421 PMCID: PMC8190950 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The mountain birch [Betula pubescens var. pumila (L.)] forest in the Subarctic is periodically exposed to insect outbreaks, which are expected to intensify due to climate change. To mitigate abiotic and biotic stresses, plants have evolved chemical defenses, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and non-volatile specialized compounds (NVSCs). Constitutive and induced production of these compounds, however, are poorly studied in Subarctic populations of mountain birch. Here, we assessed the joint effects of insect herbivory, elevation and season on foliar VOC emissions and NVSC contents of mountain birch. The VOCs were sampled in situ by an enclosure technique and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. NVSCs were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using an untargeted approach. At low elevation, experimental herbivory by winter moth larvae (Operophtera brumata) increased emissions of monoterpenes and homoterpenes over the 3-week feeding period, and sesquiterpenes and green leaf volatiles at the end of the feeding period. At high elevation, however, herbivory augmented only homoterpene emissions. The more pronounced herbivory effects at low elevation were likely due to higher herbivory intensity. Of the individual compounds, linalool, ocimene, 4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene, 2-methyl butanenitrile and benzyl nitrile were among the most responsive compounds in herbivory treatments. Herbivory also altered foliar NVSC profiles at both low and high elevations, with the most responsive compounds likely belonging to fatty acyl glycosides and terpene glycosides. Additionally, VOC emissions from non-infested branches were higher at high than low elevation, particularly during the early season, which was mainly driven by phenological differences. The VOC emissions varied substantially over the season, largely reflecting the seasonal variations in temperature and light levels. Our results suggest that if insect herbivory pressure continues to rise in the mountain birch forest with ongoing climate change, it will significantly increase VOC emissions with important consequences for local trophic interactions and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild Ryde
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tao Li
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Jolanta Rieksta
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Bruna M dos Santos
- Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Elizabeth H J Neilson
- Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Oliver Gericke
- Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jane U Jepsen
- Department of Tromsø (NINA Tromsø), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Hjalmar Johansens Gate 14, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Louise R H Bork
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hildur S Holm
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Riikka Rinnan
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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18
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Simin T, Tang J, Holst T, Rinnan R. Volatile organic compound emission in tundra shrubs - Dependence on species characteristics and the near-surface environment. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 184:104387. [PMID: 33814646 PMCID: PMC7896103 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2021.104387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the key abiotic factors during the life of plants, especially in the Arctic region which is currently experiencing rapid climate change. We evaluated plant traits and environmental variables determining leaf temperature in tundra shrubs and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions with field measurements on deciduous tundra shrubs, Salix myrsinites and Betula nana, and evergreen Cassiope tetragona and Rhododendron lapponicum. Higher leaf-to-air temperature difference was observed in evergreen, compared to deciduous shrubs. Evergreen shrubs also showed continuously increasing photosynthesis with increasing temperature, suggesting high thermal tolerance. For the deciduous species, the optimum temperature for net photosynthesis was between our measurement temperatures of 24 °C and 38 °C. Air temperature and vapor pressure deficit were the most important variables influencing leaf temperature and VOC emissions in all the studied plants, along with stomatal density and specific leaf area in the deciduous shrubs. Using climate data and emission factors from our measurements, we modelled total seasonal tundra shrub VOC emissions of 0.3-2.3 g m-2 over the main growing season. Our results showed higher-than-expected temperature optima for photosynthesis and VOC emission and demonstrated the relative importance of plant traits and local environments in determining leaf temperature and VOC emissions in a subarctic tundra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihomir Simin
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Jing Tang
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Holst
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Riikka Rinnan
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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19
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Ninkovic V, Markovic D, Rensing M. Plant volatiles as cues and signals in plant communication. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1030-1043. [PMID: 33047347 PMCID: PMC8048923 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds are important mediators of mutualistic interactions between plants and their physical and biological surroundings. Volatiles rapidly indicate competition or potential threat before these can take place, and they regulate and coordinate adaptation responses in neighbouring plants, fine-tuning them to match the exact stress encountered. Ecological specificity and context-dependency of plant-plant communication mediated by volatiles represent important factors that determine plant performance in specific environments. In this review, we synthesise the recent progress made in understanding the role of plant volatiles as mediators of plant interactions at the individual and community levels, highlighting the complexity of the plant receiver response to diverse volatile cues and signals and addressing how specific responses shape plant growth and survival. Finally, we outline the knowledge gaps and provide directions for future research. The complex dialogue between the emitter and receiver based on either volatile cues or signals determines the outcome of information exchange, which shapes the communication pattern between individuals at the community level and determines their ecological implications at other trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velemir Ninkovic
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Dimitrije Markovic
- Department of Crop Production EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja LukaBanja LukaBosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Merlin Rensing
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
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20
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Park YS, Ryu CM. Understanding Plant Social Networking System: Avoiding Deleterious Microbiota but Calling Beneficials. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073319. [PMID: 33805032 PMCID: PMC8037233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant association with microorganisms elicits dramatic effects on the local phytobiome and often causes systemic and transgenerational modulation on plant immunity against insect pests and microbial pathogens. Previously, we introduced the concept of the plant social networking system (pSNS) to highlight the active involvement of plants in the recruitment of potentially beneficial microbiota upon exposure to insects and pathogens. Microbial association stimulates the physiological responses of plants and induces the development of their immune mechanisms while interacting with multiple enemies. Thus, beneficial microbes serve as important mediators of interactions among multiple members of the multitrophic, microscopic and macroscopic communities. In this review, we classify the steps of pSNS such as elicitation, signaling, secreting root exudates, and plant protection; summarize, with evidence, how plants and beneficial microbes communicate with each other; and also discuss how the molecular mechanisms underlying this communication are induced in plants exposed to natural enemies. Collectively, the pSNS modulates robustness of plant physiology and immunity and promotes survival potential by helping plants to overcome the environmental and biological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Soon Park
- Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infection Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Biosystem and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST) KRIBB School, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence:
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21
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Fitzky AC, Peron A, Kaser L, Karl T, Graus M, Tholen D, Pesendorfer M, Mahmoud M, Sandén H, Rewald B. Diversity and Interrelations Among the Constitutive VOC Emission Blends of Four Broad-Leaved Tree Species at Seedling Stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:708711. [PMID: 34630460 PMCID: PMC8500217 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.708711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by plants consist of a broad range of gasses which serve purposes such as protecting against herbivores, communicating with insects and neighboring plants, or increasing the tolerance to environmental stresses. Evidence is accumulating that the composition of VOC blends plays an important role in fulfilling these purposes. Constitutional emissions give insight into species-specific stress tolerance potentials and are an important first step in linking metabolism and function of co-occurring VOCs. Here, we investigate the blend composition and interrelations among co-emitted VOCs in unstressed seedlings of four broad-leaved tree species, Quercus robur, Fagus sylvatica, Betula pendula, and Carpinus betulus. VOCs of Q. robur and F. sylvatica mainly emitted isoprene and monoterpenes, respectively. B. pendula had relatively high sesquiterpene emission; however, it made up only 1.7% of its total emissions while the VOC spectrum was dominated by methanol (∼72%). C. betulus was emitting methanol and monoterpenes in similar amounts compared to other species, casting doubt on its frequent classification as a close-to-zero VOC emitter. Beside these major VOCs, a total of 22 VOCs could be identified, with emission rates and blend compositions varying drastically between species. A principal component analysis among species revealed co-release of multiple compounds. In particular, new links between pathways and catabolites were indicated, e.g., correlated emission rates of methanol, sesquiterpenes (mevalonate pathway), and green leaf volatiles (hexanal, hexenyl acetate, and hexenal; lipoxygenase pathway). Furthermore, acetone emissions correlated with eugenol from the Shikimate pathway, a relationship that has not been described before. Our results thus indicate that certain VOC emissions are highly interrelated, pointing toward the importance to improve our understanding of VOC blends rather than targeting dominant VOCs only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Charlott Fitzky
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arianna Peron
- Institute of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lisa Kaser
- Institute of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Karl
- Institute of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Graus
- Institute of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Danny Tholen
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Pesendorfer
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maha Mahmoud
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Sandén
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Hans Sandén,
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Kankaanpää T, Abrego N, Vesterinen E, Roslin T. Microclimate structures communities, predation and herbivory in the High Arctic. J Anim Ecol 2020; 90:859-874. [PMID: 33368254 PMCID: PMC8049004 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In a warming world, changes in climate may result in species‐level responses as well as changes in community structure through knock‐on effects on ecological interactions such as predation and herbivory. Yet, the links between these responses at different levels are still inadequately understood. Assessing how microclimatic conditions affect each of them at local scales provides information essential for understanding the consequences of macroclimatic changes projected in the future. Focusing on the rapidly changing High Arctic, we examine how a community based on a common resource species (avens, Dryas spp.), a specialist insect herbivore (Sympistis zetterstedtii) and natural enemies of lepidopteran herbivores (parasitoids) varies along a multidimensional microclimatic gradient. We ask (a) how parasitoid community composition varies with local abiotic conditions, (b) how the community‐level response of parasitoids is linked to species‐specific traits (koino‐ or idiobiont life cycle strategy and phenology) and (c) whether the effects of varying abiotic conditions extend to interaction outcomes (parasitism rates on the focal herbivore and realized herbivory rates). We recorded the local communities of parasitoids, herbivory rates on Dryas flowers and parasitism rates in Sympistis larvae at 20 sites along a mountain slope. For linking community‐level responses to microclimatic conditions with parasitoid traits, we used joint species distribution modelling. We then assessed whether the same abiotic variables also affect parasitism and herbivory rates, by applying generalized linear and additive mixed models. We find that parasitism strategy and phenology explain local variation in parasitoid community structure. Parasitoids with a koinobiont strategy preferred high‐elevation sites with higher summer temperatures or sites with earlier snowmelt and lower humidity. Species of earlier phenology occurred with higher incidence at sites with cooler summer temperatures or later snowmelt. Microclimatic effects also extend to parasitism and herbivory, with an increase in the parasitism rates of the main herbivore S. zetterstedtii with higher temperature and lower humidity, and a matching increase in herbivory rates. Our results show that microclimatic variation is a strong driver of local community structure, species interactions and interaction outcomes in Arctic ecosystems. In view of ongoing climate change, these results predict that macroclimatic changes will profoundly affect arctic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Kankaanpää
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nerea Abrego
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Vesterinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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23
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Orlovskis Z, Reymond P. Pieris brassicae eggs trigger interplant systemic acquired resistance against a foliar pathogen in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1652-1661. [PMID: 32619278 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of plant pathogens or herbivores activate a broad-spectrum plant defense priming in distal leaves against potential future attacks, leading to systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Additionally, attacked plants can release aerial or below-ground signals that trigger defense responses, such as SAR, in neighboring plants lacking initial exposure to pathogen or pest elicitors. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in interplant defense signal generation in sender plants and decoding in neighboring plants are not fully understood. We previously reported that Pieris brassicae eggs induce intraplant SAR against the foliar pathogen Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here we extend this effect to neighboring plants by discovering an egg-induced interplant SAR via mobile root-derived signal(s). The generation of an egg-induced interplant SAR signal requires pipecolic acid (Pip) pathway genes ALD1 and FMO1 but occurs independently of salicylic acid (SA) accumulation in sender plants. Furthermore, reception of the signal leads to accumulation of SA in the recipient plants. In response to insect eggs, plants may induce interplant SAR to prepare for potential pathogen invasion following feeding-induced wounding or to keep neighboring plants healthy for hatching larvae. Our results highlight a previously uncharacterized below-ground plant-to-plant signaling mechanism and reveals genetic components required for its generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigmunds Orlovskis
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Reymond
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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24
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Høye TT. Arthropods and climate change - arctic challenges and opportunities. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 41:40-45. [PMID: 32674064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The harsh climate, limited human infrastructures, and basic autecological knowledge gaps represent substantial challenges for studying arthropods in the Arctic. At the same time, rapid climate change, low species diversity, and strong collaborative networks provide unique and underexploited Arctic opportunities for understanding species responses to environmental change and testing ecological theory. Here, I provide an overview of individual, population, and ecosystem level responses to climate change in Arctic arthropods. I focus on thermal performance, life history variation, population dynamics, community composition, diversity, and biotic interactions. The species-poor Arctic represents a unique opportunity for testing novel, automated arthropod monitoring methods. The Arctic can also potentially provide insights to further understand and mitigate the effects of climate change on arthropods worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toke T Høye
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Grenåvej 14, DK-8410 Rønde, Denmark.
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25
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Lun X, Lin Y, Chai F, Fan C, Li H, Liu J. Reviews of emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in Asia. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 95:266-277. [PMID: 32653189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in the atmosphere play important roles in the formation of ground-level ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in global scale and also in regional scale under some condition due to their large amount and relatively higher reactivity. In places with high plant cover in the tropics and in China where air pollution is serious, the effect of BVOCs on ozone and secondary organic aerosols is strong. The present research aims to provide a comprehensive review about the emission rate, emission inventory, research methods, the influencing factors of BVOCs emissions, as well as their impacts on atmospheric environment quality and human health in recent years in Asia based on the summary and analysis of literatures. It is suggested to use field direct measurement method to obtain the emission rate and model method to calculate the emission amount. Several recommendations are given for future investigation and policy development on BVOCs emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiu Lun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fahe Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chong Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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26
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Guo Y, Jud W, Ghirardo A, Antritter F, Benz JP, Schnitzler JP, Rosenkranz M. Sniffing fungi - phenotyping of volatile chemical diversity in Trichoderma species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:244-259. [PMID: 32155672 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play vital roles in the interaction of fungi with plants and other organisms. A systematic study of the global fungal VOC profiles is still lacking, though it is a prerequisite for elucidating the mechanisms of VOC-mediated interactions. Here we present a versatile system enabling a high-throughput screening of fungal VOCs under controlled temperature. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we characterized the volatile metabolic fingerprints of four Trichoderma spp. over a 48 h growth period. The developed platform allows automated and fast detection of VOCs from up to 14 simultaneously growing fungal cultures in real time. The comprehensive analysis of fungal odors is achieved by employing proton transfer reaction-time of flight-MS and GC-MS. The data-mining strategy based on multivariate data analysis and machine learning allows the volatile metabolic fingerprints to be uncovered. Our data revealed dynamic, development-dependent and extremely species-specific VOC profiles from the biocontrol genus Trichoderma. The two mass spectrometric approaches were highly complementary to each other, together revealing a novel, dynamic view to the fungal VOC release. This analytical system could be used for VOC-based chemotyping of diverse small organisms, or more generally, for any in vivo and in vitro real-time headspace analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Guo
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Werner Jud
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Felix Antritter
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J Philipp Benz
- Holzforschung München, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, D-85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maaria Rosenkranz
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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27
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The fate of carbon in a mature forest under carbon dioxide enrichment. Nature 2020; 580:227-231. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Natural Variation in Volatile Emissions of the Invasive Weed Calluna vulgaris in New Zealand. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020283. [PMID: 32098163 PMCID: PMC7076469 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Invasive plants pose a threat to natural ecosystems, changing the community composition and ecological dynamics. One aspect that has received little attention is the production and emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by invasive plants. Investigating VOCs is important because they are involved in vital ecological interactions such as pollination, herbivory and plant competition. Heather, Calluna vulgaris, is a major invasive weed in New Zealand, especially on the Central Plateau, where it has spread rapidly since its introduction in 1912, outcompeting native species. However, the chemical behaviour of heather in its invaded ranges is poorly understood. We aimed to explore the natural variation in volatile emissions of heather and the biotic and abiotic factors influencing them on the Central Plateau of New Zealand. To this end, foliar volatiles produced by heather at four different sites were collected and analysed using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Soil properties, herbivory and other environmental data were also collected at each site to investigate their effects on VOC emissions using generalised linear models (GLMs). Our results reveal significant differences in VOC emissions between sites and suggest that soil nutrients are the main factor accounting for these differences. Herbivory and temperature had only a minor effect, while soil water content had no impact. Further studies are needed to investigate how these variations in the invasive plant’s foliar volatiles influence native species.
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29
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Angot H, McErlean K, Hu L, Millet DB, Hueber J, Cui K, Moss J, Wielgasz C, Milligan T, Ketcherside D, Bret-Harte MS, Helmig D. Biogenic volatile organic compound ambient mixing ratios and emission rates in the Alaskan Arctic tundra. BIOGEOSCIENCES (ONLINE) 2020; 17:6219-6236. [PMID: 35222652 PMCID: PMC8872036 DOI: 10.5194/bg-17-6219-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid Arctic warming, a lengthening growing season, and the increasing abundance of biogenic volatile-organic-compound-emitting shrubs are all anticipated to increase atmospheric biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in the Arctic atmosphere, with implications for atmospheric oxidation processes and climate feedbacks. Quantifying these changes requires an accurate understanding of the underlying processes driving BVOC emissions in the Arctic. While boreal ecosystems have been widely studied, little attention has been paid to Arctic tundra environments. Here, we report terpenoid (isoprene, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes) ambient mixing ratios and emission rates from key dominant vegetation species at Toolik Field Station (TFS; 68°38' N, 149°36' W) in northern Alaska during two back-to-back field campaigns (summers of 2018 and 2019) covering the entire growing season. Isoprene ambient mixing ratios observed at TFS fell within the range of values reported in the Eurasian taiga (0-500 parts per trillion by volume - pptv), while monoterpene and sesquiterpene ambient mixing ratios were respectively close to and below the instrumental quantification limit (~ 2 pptv). Isoprene surface emission rates ranged from 0.2 to 2250 μgC m-2 h-1 (mean of 85 μgC m-2 h-1) and monoterpene emission rates remained, on average, below 1 μgC m-2 h-1 over the course of the study. We further quantified the temperature dependence of isoprene emissions from local vegetation, including Salix spp. (a known isoprene emitter), and compared the results to predictions from the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1 (MEGAN2.1). Our observations suggest a 180 %-215 % emission increase in response to a 3-4°C warming, and the MEGAN2.1 temperature algorithm exhibits a close fit with observations for enclosure temperatures in the 0-30°C range. The data presented here provide a baseline for investigating future changes in the BVOC emission potential of the under-studied Arctic tundra environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Angot
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Katelyn McErlean
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Lu Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Dylan B. Millet
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis–Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jacques Hueber
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Kaixin Cui
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jacob Moss
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Catherine Wielgasz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Tyler Milligan
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Damien Ketcherside
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | | | - Detlev Helmig
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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30
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Rieksta J, Li T, Junker RR, Jepsen JU, Ryde I, Rinnan R. Insect Herbivory Strongly Modifies Mountain Birch Volatile Emissions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:558979. [PMID: 33193483 PMCID: PMC7652793 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.558979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Insect herbivory is known to augment emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Yet few studies have quantified BVOC responses to insect herbivory in natural populations in pan-Arctic regions. Here, we assess how quantitative and qualitative BVOC emissions change with increasing herbivore feeding intensity in the Subarctic mountain birch (Betula pubescens var pumila (L.)) forest. We conducted three field experiments in which we manipulated the larval density of geometrid moths (Operophtera brumata and Epirrita autumnata), on branches of mountain birch and measured BVOC emissions using the branch enclosure method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our study showed that herbivory significantly increased BVOC emissions from the branches damaged by larvae. BVOC emissions increased due to insect herbivory at relatively low larvae densities, causing up to 10% of leaf area loss. Insect herbivory also changed the blend composition of BVOCs, with damaged plants producing less intercorrelated BVOC blends than undamaged ones. Our results provide a quantitative understanding of the relationship between the severity of insect herbivore damage and emissions of BVOCs at larvae densities corresponding to background herbivory levels in the Subarctic mountain birch. The results have important and practical implications for modeling induced and constitutive BVOC emissions and their feedbacks to atmospheric chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Rieksta
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tao Li
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Tao Li,
| | - Robert R. Junker
- Evolutionary Ecology of Plants, Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jane U. Jepsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ingvild Ryde
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Riikka Rinnan
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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