1
|
Wang Z, Li H, Zhou X, Mou Y, Zhang Y, Yu L, Chen X, Wu F, Zhou H, Lin Y, Li C, Liu Y. Identification, validation and candidate gene analysis of major QTL for Supernumerary spikelets in wheat. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:675. [PMID: 38977976 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of spikelets per spike is a key trait that affects the yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Identification of the QTL for spikelets per spike and its genetic effects that could be used in molecular assistant breeding in the future. RESULTS In this study, four recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations were generated and used, having YuPi branching wheat (YP), with Supernumerary Spikelets (SS) phenotype, as a common parent. QTL (QSS.sicau-2 A and QSS.sicau-2D) related to SS trait were mapped on chromosomes 2 A and 2D through bulked segregant exome sequencing (BSE-Seq). Fourteen molecular markers were further developed within the localization interval, and QSS.sicau-2 A was narrowed to 3.0 cM covering 7.6 Mb physical region of the reference genome, explaining 13.7 - 15.9% the phenotypic variance. Similarly, the QSS.sicau-2D was narrowed to 1.8 cM covering 2.4 Mb physical region of the reference genome, and it explained 27.4 - 32.9% the phenotypic variance. These two QTL were validated in three different genetic backgrounds using the linked markers. QSS.sicau-2 A was identified as WFZP-A, and QSS.sicau-2D was identified a novel locus, different to the previously identified WFZP-D. Based on the gene expression patterns, gene annotation and sequence analysis, TraesCS2D03G0260700 was predicted to be a potential candidate gene for QSS.sicau-2D. CONCLUSION Two significant QTL for SS, namely QSS.sicau-2 A and QSS.sicau-2D were identified in multiple environments were identified and their effect in diverse genetic populations was assessed. QSS.sicau-2D is a novel QTL associated with the SS trait, with TraesCS2D03G0260700 predicted as its candidate gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Haojie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xinjian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuzhou Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fangkun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Caixia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gauley A, Pasquariello M, Yoshikawa GV, Alabdullah AK, Hayta S, Smedley MA, Dixon LE, Boden SA. Photoperiod-1 regulates the wheat inflorescence transcriptome to influence spikelet architecture and flowering time. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2330-2343.e4. [PMID: 38781956 PMCID: PMC11149547 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Photoperiod insensitivity has been selected by breeders to help adapt crops to diverse environments and farming practices. In wheat, insensitive alleles of Photoperiod-1 (Ppd-1) relieve the requirement of long daylengths to flower by promoting expression of floral promoting genes early in the season; however, these alleles also limit yield by reducing the number and fertility of grain-producing florets through processes that are poorly understood. Here, we performed transcriptome analysis of the developing inflorescence using near-isogenic lines that contain either photoperiod-insensitive or null alleles of Ppd-1, during stages when spikelet number is determined and floret development initiates. We report that Ppd-1 influences the stage-specific expression of genes with roles in auxin signaling, meristem identity, and protein turnover, and analysis of differentially expressed transcripts identified bZIP and ALOG transcription factors, namely PDB1 and ALOG1, which regulate flowering time and spikelet architecture. These findings enhance our understanding of genes that regulate inflorescence development and introduce new targets for improving yield potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gauley
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Marianna Pasquariello
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Guilherme V Yoshikawa
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Hartley Grove, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Abdul Kader Alabdullah
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Sadiye Hayta
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Mark A Smedley
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Laura E Dixon
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Scott A Boden
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Hartley Grove, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang G, Koppolu R, Rutten T, Hensel G, Lundqvist U, Tandron Moya YA, Huang Y, Rajaraman J, Poursarebani N, von Wirén N, Kumlehn J, Mascher M, Schnurbusch T. Non-cell-autonomous signaling associated with barley ALOG1 specifies spikelet meristem determinacy. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2344-2358.e5. [PMID: 38781954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Inflorescence architecture and crop productivity are often tightly coupled in our major cereal crops. However, the underlying genetic mechanisms controlling cereal inflorescence development remain poorly understood. Here, we identified recessive alleles of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) HvALOG1 (Arabidopsis thaliana LSH1 and Oryza G1) that produce non-canonical extra spikelets and fused glumes abaxially to the central spikelet from the upper-mid portion until the tip of the inflorescence. Notably, we found that HvALOG1 exhibits a boundary-specific expression pattern that specifically excludes reproductive meristems, implying the involvement of previously proposed localized signaling centers for branch regulation. Importantly, during early spikelet formation, non-cell-autonomous signals associated with HvALOG1 expression may specify spikelet meristem determinacy, while boundary formation of floret organs appears to be coordinated in a cell-autonomous manner. Moreover, barley ALOG family members synergistically modulate inflorescence morphology, with HvALOG1 predominantly governing meristem maintenance and floral organ development. We further propose that spatiotemporal redundancies of expressed HvALOG members specifically in the basal inflorescence may be accountable for proper patterning of spikelet formation in mutant plants. Our research offers new perspectives on regulatory signaling roles of ALOG transcription factors during the development of reproductive meristems in cereal inflorescences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guojing Jiang
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Ravi Koppolu
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Twan Rutten
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Goetz Hensel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | | | - Yudelsy Antonia Tandron Moya
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Yongyu Huang
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Jeyaraman Rajaraman
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Naser Poursarebani
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany; Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen X, Tang S, Gao X, Niu F, Yang X, Song X, Zhang L. Characterization and validation of TaAGL66, a gene related to fertility conversion of wheat in the presence of Aegilops kotschyi cytoplasm. PLANTA 2024; 260:6. [PMID: 38780795 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION TaAGL66, a MADS-box transcription factor highly expressed in fertile anthers of KTM3315A, regulates anther and/or pollen development, as well as male fertility in wheat with Aegilops kotschyi cytoplasm. Male sterility, as a string of sophisticated biological processes in higher plants, is commonly regulated by transcription factors (TFs). Among them, MADS-box TFs are mainly participated in the processes of floral organ formation and pollen development, which are tightly related to male sterility, but they have been little studied in the reproductive development in wheat. In our study, TaAGL66, a gene that was specifically expressed in spikes and highly expressed in fertile anthers, was identified by RNA sequencing and the expression profiles data of these genes, and qRT-PCR analyses, which was localized to the nucleus. Silencing of TaAGL66 under fertility condition in KTM3315A, a thermo-sensitive male sterile line with Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm, displayed severe fertility reduction, abnormal anther dehiscence, defective pollen development, decreased viability, and low seed-setting. It can be concluded that TaAGL66 plays an important role in wheat pollen development in the presence of Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm, providing new insights into the utilization of male sterility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianning Chen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengmei Tang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoran Gao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fuqiang Niu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiyue Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lingli Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
He Y, Yang X, Xia X, Wang Y, Dong Y, Wu L, Jiang P, Zhang X, Jiang C, Ma H, Ma W, Liu C, Whitford R, Tucker MR, Zhang Z, Li G. A phase-separated protein hub modulates resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:710-726.e10. [PMID: 38657607 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating wheat disease. Fhb1, the most widely applied genetic locus for FHB resistance, is conferred by TaHRC of an unknown mode of action. Here, we show that TaHRC alleles distinctly drive liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) within a proteinaceous complex, determining FHB susceptibility or resistance. TaHRC-S (susceptible) exhibits stronger LLPS ability than TaHRC-R (resistant), and this distinction is further intensified by fungal mycotoxin deoxynivalenol, leading to opposing FHB symptoms. TaHRC recruits a protein class with intrinsic LLPS potentials, referred to as an "HRC-containing hub." TaHRC-S drives condensation of hub components, while TaHRC-R comparatively suppresses hub condensate formation. The function of TaSR45a splicing factor, a hub member, depends on TaHRC-driven condensate state, which in turn differentially directs alternative splicing, switching between susceptibility and resistance to wheat FHB. These findings reveal a mechanism for FHB spread within a spike and shed light on the roles of complex condensates in controlling plant disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Center for Wheat Diseases, The Research Center of Wheat Scab, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation in Downstream of Huaihe River (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yifan Dong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lei Wu
- CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Center for Wheat Diseases, The Research Center of Wheat Scab, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation in Downstream of Huaihe River (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Center for Wheat Diseases, The Research Center of Wheat Scab, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation in Downstream of Huaihe River (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Center for Wheat Diseases, The Research Center of Wheat Scab, Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation in Downstream of Huaihe River (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Cong Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hongxiang Ma
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wujun Ma
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ryan Whitford
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation (CCFI), State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre (SABC), Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Shen C, Li G, Shi J, Yuan Y, Ye L, Song Q, Shi J, Zhang D. MADS1-regulated lemma and awn development benefits barley yield. Nat Commun 2024; 15:301. [PMID: 38182608 PMCID: PMC10770128 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44457-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Floral organ shape and size in cereal crops can affect grain size and yield, so genes that regulate their development are promising breeding targets. The lemma, which protects inner floral organs, can physically constrain grain growth; while the awn, a needle-like extension of the lemma, creates photosynthate to developing grain. Although several genes and modules controlling grain size and awn/lemma growth in rice have been characterized, these processes, and the relationships between them, are not well understood for barley and wheat. Here, we demonstrate that the barley E-class gene HvMADS1 positively regulates awn length and lemma width, affecting grain size and weight. Cytological data indicates that HvMADS1 promotes awn and lemma growth by promoting cell proliferation, while multi-omics data reveals that HvMADS1 target genes are associated with cell cycle, phytohormone signaling, and developmental processes. We define two potential targets of HvMADS1 regulation, HvSHI and HvDL, whose knockout mutants mimic awn and/or lemma phenotypes of mads1 mutants. Additionally, we demonstrate that HvMADS1 interacts with APETALA2 (A-class) to synergistically activate downstream genes in awn/lemma development in barley. Notably, we find that MADS1 function remains conserved in wheat, promoting cell proliferation to increase awn length. These findings extend our understanding of MADS1 function in floral organ development and provide insights for Triticeae crop improvement strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueya Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chaoqun Shen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Adelaide, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Gang Li
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Adelaide, SA, 5064, Australia.
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yajing Yuan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lingzhen Ye
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qingfeng Song
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Sci-Tech, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Adelaide, SA, 5064, Australia
- Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Sci-Tech, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya, 572025, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Shen C, Shi J, Shi J, Zhang D. Boosting Triticeae crop grain yield by manipulating molecular modules to regulate inflorescence architecture: insights and knowledge from other cereal crops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:17-35. [PMID: 37935244 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenges for global food security is to reliably and sustainably improve the grain yield of cereal crops. One solution is to modify the architecture of the grain-bearing inflorescence to optimize for grain number and size. Cereal inflorescences are complex structures, with determinacy, branching patterns, and spikelet/floret growth patterns that vary by species. Recent decades have witnessed rapid advancements in our understanding of the genetic regulation of inflorescence architecture in rice, maize, wheat, and barley. Here, we summarize current knowledge on key genetic factors underlying the different inflorescence morphologies of these crops and model plants (Arabidopsis and tomato), focusing particularly on the regulation of inflorescence meristem determinacy and spikelet meristem identity and determinacy. We also discuss strategies to identify and utilize these superior alleles to optimize inflorescence architecture and, ultimately, improve crop grain yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueya Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chaoqun Shen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Sci-Tech, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, China
- Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea Sci-Tech, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shen C, Zhang Y, Li G, Shi J, Wang D, Zhu W, Yang X, Dreni L, Tucker MR, Zhang D. MADS8 is indispensable for female reproductive development at high ambient temperatures in cereal crops. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 36:65-84. [PMID: 37738656 PMCID: PMC10734617 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a major factor that regulates plant growth and phenotypic diversity. To ensure reproductive success at a range of temperatures, plants must maintain developmental stability of their sexual organs when exposed to temperature fluctuations. However, the mechanisms integrating plant floral organ development and temperature responses are largely unknown. Here, we generated barley and rice loss-of-function mutants in the SEPALLATA-like MADS-box gene MADS8. The mutants in both species form multiple carpels that lack ovules at high ambient temperatures. Tissue-specific markers revealed that HvMADS8 is required to maintain floral meristem determinacy and ovule initiation at high temperatures, and transcriptome analyses confirmed that temperature-dependent differentially expressed genes in Hvmads8 mutants predominantly associate with floral organ and meristem regulation. HvMADS8 temperature-responsive activity relies on increased binding to promoters of downstream targets, as revealed by a cleavage under targets and tagmentation (CUT&Tag) analysis. We also demonstrate that HvMADS8 directly binds to 2 orthologs of D-class floral homeotic genes to activate their expression. Overall, our findings revealed a new, conserved role for MADS8 in maintaining pistil number and ovule initiation in cereal crops, extending the known function of plant MADS-box proteins in floral organ regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Shen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Yueya Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China
| | - Gang Li
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Jin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China
| | - Duoxiang Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China
| | - Wanwan Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Ludovico Dreni
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 20040, China
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite campus, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shen L, Liu Y, Zhang L, Sun Z, Wang Z, Jiao Y, Shen K, Guo Z. A transcriptional atlas identifies key regulators and networks for the development of spike tissues in barley. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113441. [PMID: 37971941 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain number and size determine grain yield in crops and are closely associated with spikelet fertility and grain filling in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Abortion of spikelet primordia within individual barley spikes causes a 30%-50% loss in the potential number of grains during development from the awn primordium stage to the tipping stage, after that grain filling is the primary factor regulating grain size. To identify transcriptional signatures associated with spike development, we use a six-rowed barley cultivar (Morex) to develop a spatiotemporal transcriptome atlas containing 255 samples covering 17 stages and 5 positions along the spike. We identify several fundamental regulatory networks, in addition to key regulators of spike development and morphology. Specifically, we show HvGELP96, encoding a GDSL domain-containing protein, as a regulator of spikelet fertility and grain number. Our transcriptional atlas offers a powerful resource to answer fundamental questions in spikelet development and degeneration in barley.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhiwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuannian Jiao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Kuocheng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zifeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen G, Mishina K, Wang Q, Zhu H, Tagiri A, Kikuchi S, Sassa H, Oono Y, Komatsuda T. Organ-enriched gene expression during floral morphogenesis in wild barley. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:887-902. [PMID: 37548103 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Floral morphology varies considerably between dicots and monocots. The ABCDE model explaining how floral organ development is controlled was formulated using core eudicots and applied to grass crops. Barley (Hordeum. vulgare) has unique floral morphogenesis. Wild barley (H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum), which is the immediate ancestor of cultivated barley (H. vulgare ssp. vulgare), contains a rich reservoir of genetic diversity. However, the wild barley genes involved in floral organ development are still relatively uncharacterized. In this study, we generated an organ-specific transcriptome atlas for wild barley floral organs. Genome-wide transcription profiles indicated that 22 838 protein-coding genes were expressed in at least one organ. These genes were grouped into seven clusters according to the similarities in their expression patterns. Moreover, 5619 genes exhibited organ-enriched expression, 677 of which were members of 47 transcription factor families. Gene ontology analyses suggested that the functions of the genes with organ-enriched expression influence the biological processes in floral organs. The co-expression regulatory network showed that the expression of 690 genes targeted by MADS-box proteins was highly positively correlated with the expression of ABCDE model genes during floral morphogenesis. Furthermore, the expression of 138 genes was specific to the wild barley OUH602 genome and not the Morex genome; most of these genes were highly expressed in the glume, awn, lemma, and palea. This study revealed the global gene expression patterns underlying floral morphogenesis in wild barley. On the basis of the study findings, a molecular mechanism controlling floral morphology in barley was proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan
| | - Kohei Mishina
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Hongjing Zhu
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan
| | - Akemi Tagiri
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Shinji Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan
| | - Hidenori Sassa
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan
| | - Youko Oono
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan
| | - Takao Komatsuda
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8510, Japan
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Maize/Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Wheat, Jinan, 252100, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Selva C, Yang X, Shirley NJ, Whitford R, Baumann U, Tucker MR. HvSL1 and HvMADS16 promote stamen identity to restrict multiple ovary formation in barley. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5039-5056. [PMID: 37279531 PMCID: PMC10498024 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Correct floral development is the result of a sophisticated balance of molecular cues. Floral mutants provide insight into the main genetic determinants that integrate these cues, as well as providing opportunities to assess functional variation across species. In this study, we characterize the barley (Hordeum vulgare) multiovary mutants mov2.g and mov1, and propose causative gene sequences: a C2H2 zinc-finger gene HvSL1 and a B-class gene HvMADS16, respectively. In the absence of HvSL1, florets lack stamens but exhibit functional supernumerary carpels, resulting in multiple grains per floret. Deletion of HvMADS16 in mov1 causes homeotic conversion of lodicules and stamens into bract-like organs and carpels that contain non-functional ovules. Based on developmental, genetic, and molecular data, we propose a model by which stamen specification in barley is defined by HvSL1 acting upstream of HvMADS16. The present work identifies strong conservation of stamen formation pathways with other cereals, but also reveals intriguing species-specific differences. The findings lay the foundation for a better understanding of floral architecture in Triticeae, a key target for crop improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Selva
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae 5064, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae 5064, South Australia, Australia
| | - Neil J Shirley
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae 5064, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ryan Whitford
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae 5064, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ute Baumann
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae 5064, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae 5064, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Qin DD, Liu R, Xu F, Dong G, Xu Q, Peng Y, Xu L, Cheng H, Guo G, Dong J, Li C. Characterization of a barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) mutant with multiple stem nodes and spikes and dwarf ( msnsd) and fine-mapping of its causal gene. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1189743. [PMID: 37484471 PMCID: PMC10359901 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1189743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Multiple nodes and dwarf mutants in barley are a valuable resource for identifying genes that control shoot branching, vegetative growth and development. Methods In this study, physiological, microscopic and genetic analysis were conducted to characterize and fine-map the underling gene of a barley mutant with Multiple Stem Nodes and Spikes and Dwarf (msnsd), which was selected from EMS- and 60Co-treated barley cv. Edamai 934. Results and discussion The msnsd mutant had more stem nodes, lower plant height and a shorter plastochron than Edamai 934. Moreover, the mutant had two or more spikes on each tiller. Microscopic analysis showed that the dwarf phenotype of msnsd resulted from reduced cell lengths and cell numbers in the stem. Further physiological analysis showed that msnsd was GA3-deficient, with its plant height increasing after external GA3 application. Genetic analysis revealed that a single recessive nuclear gene, namely, HvMSNSD, controlled the msnsd phenotype. Using a segregating population derived from Harrington and the msnsd mutant, HvMSNSD was fine-mapped on chromosome 5H in a 200 kb interval using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) coupled with RNA-sequencing (BSR-seq), with a C-T substitution in the exon of HvTCP25 co-segregating with the msnsd phenotype. RNA-seq analysis showed that a gene encoding gibberellin 2-oxidase 8, a negative regulator of GA biosynthesis, was upregulated in the msnsd mutant. Several known genes related to inflorescence development that were also upregulated and enriched in the msnsd mutant. Collectively, we propose that HvMSNSD regulates the plastochron and morphology of reproductive organs, likely by coordinating GA homeostasis and changed expression of floral development related genes in barley. This study offers valuable insights into the molecular regulation of barley plant architecture and inflorescence development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan D. Qin
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuchao Xu
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoqing Dong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanchun Peng
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Le Xu
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Hubei, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hongna Cheng
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Hubei, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ganggang Guo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Hubei, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengdao Li
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cai Z, Wang G, Li J, Kong L, Tang W, Chen X, Qu X, Lin C, Peng Y, Liu Y, Deng Z, Ye Y, Wu W, Duan Y. Thermo-Sensitive Spikelet Defects 1 acclimatizes rice spikelet initiation and development to high temperature. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1684-1701. [PMID: 36517254 PMCID: PMC10022635 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Crop reproductive development is vulnerable to heat stress, and the genetic modulation of thermotolerance during the reproductive phase, especially the early stage, remains poorly understood. We isolated a Poaceae-specific FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYLS3 (FHY3)/FAR-RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE1 (FAR1)family transcription factor, Thermo-sensitive Spikelet Defects 1 (TSD1), derived from transposase in rice (Oryza sativa) TSD1 was highly expressed in spikelets, induced by heat, and specifically enhanced the thermotolerance of spikelet morphogenesis. Disrupting TSD1 did not affect vegetative growth but markedly retarded spikelet initiation and development, as well as caused varying degrees of spikelet degeneration, depending on the temperature. Most tsd1 spikelets were normal at low temperature but gradually degenerated as temperature increased, and all disappeared at high temperature, leading to naked branches. TSD1 directly promoted the transcription of YABBY1 and YABBY3 and could physically interact with YABBY1 and three TOB proteins, YABBY5, YABBY4, and YABBY3. These YABBY proteins can form either homodimers or heterodimers and play an important role in spikelet morphogenesis, similar to TSD1. Notably, the knockout mutant yab5-ko and double mutant tsd1 yab5-ko resembled tsd1 in spikelet appearance and response to temperature, indicating that these genes likely participate in spikelet development through the cooperative TSD1-YABBY module. These findings reveal a distinctive function of FHY3/FAR1 family genes and a unique TSD1-YABBY complex to acclimate spikelet development to high temperature in rice, providing insight into the regulating pathway of enhancing thermotolerance in plant reproductive development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Breeding by Design of Plant, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Breeding by Design of Plant, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jieqiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Breeding by Design of Plant, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Breeding by Design of Plant, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weiqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Breeding by Design of Plant, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xuequn Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Breeding by Design of Plant, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaojie Qu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Breeding by Design of Plant, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chenchen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Breeding by Design of Plant, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yulin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Breeding by Design of Plant, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Breeding by Design of Plant, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhanlin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Breeding by Design of Plant, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yanfang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Breeding by Design of Plant, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weiren Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Breeding by Design of Plant, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuanlin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Breeding by Design of Plant, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang X, Wilkinson LG, Aubert MK, Houston K, Shirley NJ, Tucker MR. Ovule cell wall composition is a maternal determinant of grain size in barley. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:2136-2147. [PMID: 36600397 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In cereal species, grain size is influenced by growth of the ovule integuments (seed coat), the spikelet hull (lemma and palea) and the filial endosperm. Whether a highly conserved ovule tissue, the nucellus, has any impact on grain size has remained unclear. Immunolabelling revealed that the barley nucellus comprises two distinct cell types that differ in terms of cell wall homogalacturonan (HG) accumulation. Transcriptional profiling of the nucellus identified two pectin methylesterase (PME) genes, OVULE PECTIN MODIFIER 1 (OPM1) and OPM2, which are expressed in the unfertilized ovule but absent from the seed. Ovules from an opm1 opm2 mutant and plants expressing an ovule-specific pectin methylesterase inhibitor (PMEI), exhibit reduced HG accumulation. This results in changes to ovule cell size and shape and ovules that are longer than wild-type (WT) controls. At grain maturity, this is manifested as significantly longer grain. These findings indicate that cell wall composition during ovule development acts to limit ovule and seed growth. The investigation of ovule PME and PMEI activity reveals an unexpected role of maternal tissues in controlling grain growth before fertilization, one that has been lacking from models exploring improvements in grain size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Yang
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Laura G Wilkinson
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Matthew K Aubert
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
- Australian Grain Technologies, 100 Byfield Street, Northam, WA, 6401, Australia
| | - Kelly Houston
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Neil J Shirley
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sakuma S, Koppolu R. Form follows function in Triticeae inflorescences. BREEDING SCIENCE 2023; 73:46-56. [PMID: 37168815 PMCID: PMC10165339 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.22085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Grass inflorescences produce grains, which are directly connected to our food. In grass crops, yields are mainly affected by grain number and weight; thus, understanding inflorescence shape is crucially important for cereal crop breeding. In the last two decades, several key genes controlling inflorescence shape have been elucidated, thanks to the availability of rich genetic resources and powerful genomics tools. In this review, we focus on the inflorescence architecture of Triticeae species, including the major cereal crops wheat and barley. We summarize recent advances in our understanding of the genetic basis of spike branching, and spikelet and floret development in the Triticeae. Considering our changing climate and its impacts on cereal crop yields, we also discuss the future orientation of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Sakuma
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Corresponding authors (e-mail: and )
| | - Ravi Koppolu
- Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
- Corresponding authors (e-mail: and )
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
A receptor-like kinase controls the amplitude of secondary cell wall synthesis in rice. Curr Biol 2023; 33:498-506.e6. [PMID: 36638797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall expansion is a key element in determining plant morphology and growth, and cell wall integrity changes are relayed to the cell to fine-tune growth responses. Here, we show that variations in the ectodomain of a cell wall-associated receptor-like kinase, WAK10, in temperate Oryza japonica accessions differentially amplify fluctuations in cell wall integrity to control rice stem height. Mutation in the WAK10 gene exhibited increased cell wall thickening in stem sclerenchyma and reduced cell expansion in the stem. Two WAK10 ectodomain variants bound pectic oligosaccharides with different affinities. The pectic oligosaccharide binding regulated WAK10 phosphorylation activity, the amplitude of secondary wall deposition, and ultimately, stem height. Rice population analyses revealed active enrichment of the short-stem WAK10 ectodomain alleles in japonica subspecies during domestication. Our study outlines not only a mechanism for how variations in ligand affinities of a receptor kinase control cell wall biosynthesis and plant growth, but it also provides breeding targets for new semi-dwarf rice cultivars.
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang P, Zhu W, He Y, Fan J, Shi J, Fu R, Hu J, Li L, Zhang D, Liang W. THERMOSENSITIVE BARREN PANICLE (TAP) is required for rice panicle and spikelet development at high ambient temperature. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:855-869. [PMID: 36263719 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In cereal plants, the size of the panicle (inflorescence) is a critical factor for yield. Panicle size is determined by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, but the mechanisms underlying adaptations to temperature stress during panicle development remain largely unknown. We identify the rice THERMOSENSITIVE BARREN PANICLE (TAP) gene, which encodes a transposase-derived FAR1-RELATED SEQUENCE (FRS) protein and is responsible for regulating panicle and spikelet development at high ambient temperature. The tap mutants display high temperature-dependent reproductive abnormalities, including compromised secondary branch and spikelet initiation and pleiotropic floral organ defects. Consistent with its thermosensitive phenotype, TAP expression is induced by high temperature. TAP directly promotes the expression of OsYABBY3 (OsYAB3), OsYAB4, and OsYAB5, which encode key transcriptional regulators in panicle and spikelet development. In addition, TAP physically interacts with OsYAB4 and OsYAB5 proteins; phenotypic analysis of osyab4 tap-1 and osyab5 tap-1 double mutants indicates that TAP-OsYAB4/OsYAB5 complexes act to maintain normal panicle and spikelet development. Taken together, our study reveals the novel role of a TE-derived transcription factor in controlling rice panicle development under high ambient temperatures, shedding light on the molecular mechanism underlying the adaptation of cereal crops to increasing environmental temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Wanwan Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Yi He
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Junyi Fan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Jin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Ruifeng Fu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory and Plant Biology Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 20040, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bowerman AF, Byrt CS, Roy SJ, Whitney SM, Mortimer JC, Ankeny RA, Gilliham M, Zhang D, Millar AA, Rebetzke GJ, Pogson BJ. Potential abiotic stress targets for modern genetic manipulation. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:139-161. [PMID: 36377770 PMCID: PMC9806601 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Research into crop yield and resilience has underpinned global food security, evident in yields tripling in the past 5 decades. The challenges that global agriculture now faces are not just to feed 10+ billion people within a generation, but to do so under a harsher, more variable, and less predictable climate, and in many cases with less water, more expensive inputs, and declining soil quality. The challenges of climate change are not simply to breed for a "hotter drier climate," but to enable resilience to floods and droughts and frosts and heat waves, possibly even within a single growing season. How well we prepare for the coming decades of climate variability will depend on our ability to modify current practices, innovate with novel breeding methods, and communicate and work with farming communities to ensure viability and profitability. Here we define how future climates will impact farming systems and growing seasons, thereby identifying the traits and practices needed and including exemplars being implemented and developed. Critically, this review will also consider societal perspectives and public engagement about emerging technologies for climate resilience, with participatory approaches presented as the best approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Bowerman
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Caitlin S Byrt
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Stuart John Roy
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Spencer M Whitney
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jenny C Mortimer
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Rachel A Ankeny
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Humanities, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, South Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dabing Zhang
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine & Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony A Millar
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Greg J Rebetzke
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Barry J Pogson
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang Z, Nie G, Feng G, Xu X, Li D, Wang X, Huang L, Zhang X. Genome-wide identification of MADS-box gene family in orchardgrass and the positive role of DgMADS114 and DgMADS115 under different abiotic stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:129-142. [PMID: 36356860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stress, a major factor limit growth and productivity of major crops. Orchardgrass is one of the most important cool-season forage grasses in the world, and it is highly tolerant to abiotic stress. The MADS-box transcription factor family is one of the largest families in plants, and it plays vital roles in multiple biological processes. However, MADS-box transcription factors in orchardgrass, especially those involved in abiotic stress, have not yet been elucidated. Here, 123 DgMADS-box members were identified in orchardgrass and a detailed overview has been presented. Syntenic analysis indicated that the expansion of the DgMADS-box genes in orchardgrass is mainly dependent on tandem duplication events. Some DgMADS-box genes were induced by multiple abiotic stresses, indicating that these genes may play critical regulatory roles in orchardgrass response to various abiotic stresses. Heterologous expression showed that DgMADS114 and DgMADS115 could enhance stress tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis, as revealed by longer root length or higher survival rates under PEG, NaCl, ABA, and heat stress. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for clarifying the functional characterization of MADS-box genes in orchardgrass in response to environmental stress can be further used to improve forages and crops via breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfu Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gang Nie
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guangyan Feng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoheng Xu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xia Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linkai Huang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang Y, Bi X, Zhong J. Revisiting the origin and identity specification of the spikelet: A structural innovation in grasses (Poaceae). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:60-71. [PMID: 35640983 PMCID: PMC9434286 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Spikelets are highly specialized and short-lived branches and function as a constitutional unit of the complex grass inflorescences. A series of genetic, genomic, and developmental studies across different clades of the family have called for and permitted a synthesis on the regulation and evolution of spikelets, and hence inflorescence diversity. Here, we have revisited the identity specification of a spikelet, focusing on the diagnostic features of a spikelet from morphological, developmental, and molecular perspectives. Particularly, recent studies on a collection of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum spp.), and rice (Oryza sativa L.) mutants have highlighted a set of transcription factors that are important in the control of spikelet identity and the patterning of floral parts of a spikelet. In addition, we have endeavored to clarify some puzzling issues on the (in)determinacy and modifications of spikelets over the course of evolution. Meanwhile, genomes of two sister taxa of the remaining grass species have again demonstrated the importance of genome duplication and subsequent gene losses on the evolution of spikelets. Accordingly, we argue that changes in the orthologs of spikelet-related genes could be critical for the development and evolution of the spikelet, an evolutionary innovation in the grass family. Likewise, the conceptual discussions on the regulation of a fundamental unit of compound inflorescences could be translated into other organismal groups where compound structures are similarly formed, permitting a comparative perspective on the control of biological complexity.
Collapse
|
21
|
Sharma A, Prakash S, Chattopadhyay D. Killing two birds with a single stone-genetic manipulation of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase ( CKX) genes for enhancing crop productivity and amelioration of drought stress response. Front Genet 2022; 13:941595. [PMID: 35923693 PMCID: PMC9340367 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.941595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of high-yielding, bio-fortified, stress-tolerant crop cultivars is the need of the hour in the wake of increasing global food insecurity, abrupt climate change, and continuous shrinking of resources and landmass suitable for agriculture. The cytokinin group of phytohormones positively regulates seed yield by simultaneous regulation of source capacity (leaf senescence) and sink strength (grain number and size). Cytokinins also regulate root-shoot architecture by promoting shoot growth and inhibiting root growth. Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) are the only enzymes that catalyze the irreversible degradation of active cytokinins and thus negatively regulate the endogenous cytokinin levels. Genetic manipulation of CKX genes is the key to improve seed yield and root-shoot architecture through direct manipulation of endogenous cytokinin levels. Downregulation of CKX genes expressed in sink tissues such as inflorescence meristem and developing seeds, through reverse genetics approaches such as RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in increased yield marked by increased number and size of grains. On the other hand, root-specific expression of CKX genes resulted in decreased endogenous cytokinin levels in roots which in turn resulted in increased root growth indicated by increased root branching, root biomass, and root-shoot biomass ratio. Enhanced root growth provided enhanced tolerance to drought stress and improved micronutrient uptake efficiency. In this review, we have emphasized the role of CKX as a genetic factor determining yield, micronutrient uptake efficiency, and response to drought stress. We have summarised the efforts made to increase crop productivity and drought stress tolerance in different crop species through genetic manipulation of CKX family genes.
Collapse
|
22
|
Kellogg EA. Genetic control of branching patterns in grass inflorescences. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2518-2533. [PMID: 35258600 PMCID: PMC9252490 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Inflorescence branching in the grasses controls the number of florets and hence the number of seeds. Recent data on the underlying genetics come primarily from rice and maize, although new data are accumulating in other systems as well. This review focuses on a window in developmental time from the production of primary branches by the inflorescence meristem through to the production of glumes, which indicate the transition to producing a spikelet. Several major developmental regulatory modules appear to be conserved among most or all grasses. Placement and development of primary branches are controlled by conserved auxin regulatory genes. Subtending bracts are repressed by a network including TASSELSHEATH4, and axillary branch meristems are regulated largely by signaling centers that are adjacent to but not within the meristems themselves. Gradients of SQUAMOSA-PROMOTER BINDING-like and APETALA2-like proteins and their microRNA regulators extend along the inflorescence axis and the branches, governing the transition from production of branches to production of spikelets. The relative speed of this transition determines the extent of secondary and higher order branching. This inflorescence regulatory network is modified within individual species, particularly as regards formation of secondary branches. Differences between species are caused both by modifications of gene expression and regulators and by presence or absence of critical genes. The unified networks described here may provide tools for investigating orphan crops and grasses other than the well-studied maize and rice.
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu XT, Xiong ZP, Chen KX, Zhao GR, Feng KR, Li XH, Li XR, Tian Z, Huo FL, Wang MX, Song W. Genome-Wide Identification and Transcriptional Expression Profiles of PP2C in the Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Pan-Genome. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050834. [PMID: 35627219 PMCID: PMC9140614 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene family protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) is related to developmental processes and stress responses in plants. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a popular cereal crop that is primarily utilized for human consumption and nutrition. However, there is little knowledge regarding the PP2C gene family in barley. In this study, a total of 1635 PP2C genes were identified in 20 barley pan-genome accessions. Then, chromosome localization, physical and chemical feature predictions and subcellular localization were systematically analyzed. One wild barley accession (B1K-04-12) and one cultivated barley (Morex) were chosen as representatives to further analyze and compare the differences in HvPP2Cs between wild and cultivated barley. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these HvPP2Cs were divided into 12 subgroups. Additionally, gene structure, conserved domain and motif, gene duplication event detection, interaction networks and gene expression profiles were analyzed in accessions Morex and B1K-04-12. In addition, qRT-PCR experiments in Morex indicated that seven HvMorexPP2C genes were involved in the response to aluminum and low pH stresses. Finally, a series of positively selected homologous genes were identified between wild accession B1K-04-12 and another 14 cultivated materials, indicating that these genes are important during barley domestication. This work provides a global overview of the putative physiological and biological functions of PP2C genes in barley. We provide a broad framework for understanding the domestication- and evolutionary-induced changes in PP2C genes between wild and cultivated barley.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.-T.W.); (Z.-P.X.); (K.-X.C.); (G.-R.Z.); (K.-R.F.); lxh (X.-H.L.); (X.-R.L.); (Z.T.); (F.-L.H.)
| | - Zhu-Pei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.-T.W.); (Z.-P.X.); (K.-X.C.); (G.-R.Z.); (K.-R.F.); lxh (X.-H.L.); (X.-R.L.); (Z.T.); (F.-L.H.)
| | - Kun-Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.-T.W.); (Z.-P.X.); (K.-X.C.); (G.-R.Z.); (K.-R.F.); lxh (X.-H.L.); (X.-R.L.); (Z.T.); (F.-L.H.)
| | - Guo-Rong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.-T.W.); (Z.-P.X.); (K.-X.C.); (G.-R.Z.); (K.-R.F.); lxh (X.-H.L.); (X.-R.L.); (Z.T.); (F.-L.H.)
| | - Ke-Ru Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.-T.W.); (Z.-P.X.); (K.-X.C.); (G.-R.Z.); (K.-R.F.); lxh (X.-H.L.); (X.-R.L.); (Z.T.); (F.-L.H.)
| | - Xiu-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.-T.W.); (Z.-P.X.); (K.-X.C.); (G.-R.Z.); (K.-R.F.); lxh (X.-H.L.); (X.-R.L.); (Z.T.); (F.-L.H.)
| | - Xi-Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.-T.W.); (Z.-P.X.); (K.-X.C.); (G.-R.Z.); (K.-R.F.); lxh (X.-H.L.); (X.-R.L.); (Z.T.); (F.-L.H.)
| | - Zhao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.-T.W.); (Z.-P.X.); (K.-X.C.); (G.-R.Z.); (K.-R.F.); lxh (X.-H.L.); (X.-R.L.); (Z.T.); (F.-L.H.)
| | - Fu-Lin Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.-T.W.); (Z.-P.X.); (K.-X.C.); (G.-R.Z.); (K.-R.F.); lxh (X.-H.L.); (X.-R.L.); (Z.T.); (F.-L.H.)
| | - Meng-Xing Wang
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Correspondence: (M.-X.W.); (W.S.)
| | - Weining Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.-T.W.); (Z.-P.X.); (K.-X.C.); (G.-R.Z.); (K.-R.F.); lxh (X.-H.L.); (X.-R.L.); (Z.T.); (F.-L.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.-X.W.); (W.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Márquez Gutiérrez R, Cherubino Ribeiro TH, de Oliveira RR, Benedito VA, Chalfun-Junior A. Genome-Wide Analyses of MADS-Box Genes in Humulus lupulus L. Reveal Potential Participation in Plant Development, Floral Architecture, and Lupulin Gland Metabolism. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11091237. [PMID: 35567239 PMCID: PMC9100628 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
MADS-box transcription factors (TFs) are involved in multiple plant development processes and are most known during the reproductive transition and floral organ development. Very few genes have been characterized in the genome of Humulus lupulus L. (Cannabaceae), an important crop for the pharmaceutical and beverage industries. The MADS-box family has not been studied in this species yet. We identified 65 MADS-box genes in the hop genome, of which 29 encode type-II TFs (27 of subgroup MIKCC and 2 MIKC*) and 36 type-I proteins (26 α, 9 β, and 1 γ). Type-II MADS-box genes evolved more complex architectures than type-I genes. Interestingly, we did not find FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) homologs, a transcription factor that acts as a floral repressor and is negatively regulated by cold. This result provides a molecular explanation for a previous work showing that vernalization is not a requirement for hop flowering, which has implications for its cultivation in the tropics. Analysis of gene ontology and expression profiling revealed genes potentially involved in the development of male and female floral structures based on the differential expression of ABC homeotic genes in each whorl of the flower. We identified a gene exclusively expressed in lupulin glands, suggesting a role in specialized metabolism in these structures. In toto, this work contributes to understanding the evolutionary history of MADS-box genes in hop, and provides perspectives on functional genetic studies, biotechnology, and crop breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Márquez Gutiérrez
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil; (R.M.G.); (T.H.C.R.); (R.R.d.O.)
| | - Thales Henrique Cherubino Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil; (R.M.G.); (T.H.C.R.); (R.R.d.O.)
| | - Raphael Ricon de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil; (R.M.G.); (T.H.C.R.); (R.R.d.O.)
| | - Vagner Augusto Benedito
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genetics, Plant and Soil Sciences Division, 3425 Agricultural Sciences Building, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6108, USA
- Correspondence: (V.A.B.); (A.C.-J.)
| | - Antonio Chalfun-Junior
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-900, MG, Brazil; (R.M.G.); (T.H.C.R.); (R.R.d.O.)
- Correspondence: (V.A.B.); (A.C.-J.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang Z, Tao S, Liu S, Jia M, Cui D, Sun G, Deng Z, Wang F, Kong X, Fu M, Che Y, Liao R, Li T, Geng S, Mao L, Li A. A Multi-Omics Approach for Rapid Identification of Large Genomic Lesions at the Wheat Dense Spike ( wds) Locus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:850302. [PMID: 35498697 PMCID: PMC9043957 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.850302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optimal spike architecture provides a favorable structure for grain development and yield improvement. However, the number of genes cloned to underlie wheat spike architecture is extremely limited. Here, we obtained a wheat dense spike mutant (wds) induced by 60Co treatment of a common wheat landrace Huangfangzhu that exhibited significantly reduced spike and grain lengths. The shortened spike length was caused by longitudinal reduction in number and length of rachis cells. We adopted a multi-omics approach to identify the genomic locus underlying the wds mutant. We performed Exome Capture Sequencing (ECS) and identified two large deletion segments, named 6BL.1 at 334.8∼424.3 Mb and 6BL.2, 579.4∼717.8 Mb in the wds mutant. RNA-seq analysis confirmed that genes located in these regions lost their RNA expression. We then found that the 6BL.2 locus was overlapping with a known spike length QTL, qSL6B.2. Totally, 499 genes were located within the deleted region and two of them were found to be positively correlated with long spike accessions but not the ones with short spike. One of them, TraesCS6B01G334600, a well-matched homolog of the rice OsBUL1 gene that works in the Brassinosteroids (BR) pathway, was identified to be involved in cell size and number regulation. Further transcriptome analysis of young spikes showed that hormone-related genes were enriched among differentially expressed genes, supporting TraesCS6B01G334600 as a candidate gene. Our work provides a strategy to rapid locate genetic loci with large genomic lesions in wheat and useful resources for future wheat study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Tao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoshuai Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meiling Jia
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dada Cui
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoliang Sun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyin Deng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingchen Kong
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxue Fu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Che
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyi Liao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuaifeng Geng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Long Mao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aili Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hu G, Wang K, Huang B, Mila I, Frasse P, Maza E, Djari A, Hernould M, Zouine M, Li Z, Bouzayen M. The auxin-responsive transcription factor SlDOF9 regulates inflorescence and flower development in tomato. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:419-433. [PMID: 35422080 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying differentiation of inflorescence and flower meristems is essential towards enlarging our knowledge of reproductive organ formation and to open new prospects for improving yield traits. Here, we show that SlDOF9 is a new modulator of floral differentiation in tomato. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout strategy uncovered the role of SlDOF9 in controlling inflorescence meristem and floral meristem differentiation via the regulation of cell division genes and inflorescence architecture regulator LIN. Tomato dof9-KO lines have more flowers in both determinate and indeterminate cultivars and produce more fruit upon vibration-assisted fertilization. SlDOF9 regulates inflorescence development through an auxin-dependent ARF5-DOF9 module that seems to operate, at least in part, differently in Arabidopsis and tomato. Our findings add a new actor to the complex mechanisms underlying reproductive organ differentiation in flowering plants and provide leads towards addressing the diversity of factors controlling the transition to reproductive organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guojian Hu
- Université de Toulouse, INRAe/INP Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR990, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales-UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Keke Wang
- Université de Toulouse, INRAe/INP Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR990, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales-UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Baowen Huang
- Université de Toulouse, INRAe/INP Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR990, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales-UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Mila
- Université de Toulouse, INRAe/INP Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR990, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Pierre Frasse
- Université de Toulouse, INRAe/INP Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR990, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales-UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Elie Maza
- Université de Toulouse, INRAe/INP Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR990, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales-UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Anis Djari
- Université de Toulouse, INRAe/INP Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR990, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales-UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Hernould
- Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie-UMR 1332, Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Mohamed Zouine
- Université de Toulouse, INRAe/INP Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR990, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales-UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, Toulouse, France
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mondher Bouzayen
- Université de Toulouse, INRAe/INP Toulouse, Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits-UMR990, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales-UMR5546, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse-INP, Toulouse, France.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Selva C, Shirley NJ, Houston K, Whitford R, Baumann U, Li G, Tucker MR. HvLEAFY controls the early stages of floral organ specification and inhibits the formation of multiple ovaries in barley. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:509-527. [PMID: 34382710 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transition to the reproductive phase, inflorescence formation and flower development are crucial elements that ensure maximum reproductive success in a plant's life cycle. To understand the regulatory mechanisms underlying correct flower development in barley (Hordeum vulgare), we characterized the multiovary 5 (mov5.o) mutant. This mutant develops abnormal flowers that exhibit mosaic floral organs typified by multiple carpels at the total or partial expense of stamens. Genetic mapping positioned mov5 on the long arm of chromosome 2H, incorporating a region that encodes HvLFY, the barley orthologue of LEAFY from Arabidopsis. Sequencing revealed that, in mov5.o plants, HvLFY contains a single amino acid substitution in a highly conserved proline residue. CRISPR-mediated knockout of HvLFY replicated the mov5.o phenotype, suggesting that HvLFYmov5 represents a loss of function allele. In heterologous assays, the HvLFYmov5 polymorphism influenced protein-protein interactions and affinity for a putative binding site in the promoter of HvMADS58, a C-class MADS-box gene. Moreover, molecular analysis indicated that HvLFY interacts with HvUFO and regulates the expression of floral homeotic genes including HvMADS2, HvMADS4 and HvMADS16. Other distinct changes in expression differ from those reported in the rice LFY mutants apo2/rfl, suggesting that LFY function in the grasses is modulated in a species-specific manner. This pathway provides a key entry point for the study of LFY function and multiple ovary formation in barley, as well as cereal species in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Selva
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Neil J Shirley
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Kelly Houston
- James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Ryan Whitford
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Ute Baumann
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Gang Li
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, 621010, China
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kuijer HNJ, Shirley NJ, Khor SF, Shi J, Schwerdt J, Zhang D, Li G, Burton RA. Transcript Profiling of MIKCc MADS-Box Genes Reveals Conserved and Novel Roles in Barley Inflorescence Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:705286. [PMID: 34539699 PMCID: PMC8442994 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.705286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
MADS-box genes have a wide range of functions in plant reproductive development and grain production. The ABCDE model of floral organ development shows that MADS-box genes are central players in these events in dicotyledonous plants but the applicability of this model remains largely unknown in many grass crops. Here, we show that transcript analysis of all MIKCc MADS-box genes through barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) inflorescence development reveals co-expression groups that can be linked to developmental events. Thirty-four MIKCc MADS-box genes were identified in the barley genome and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) scanning of 22,626 barley varieties revealed that the natural variation in the coding regions of these genes is low and the sequences have been extremely conserved during barley domestication. More detailed transcript analysis showed that MADS-box genes are generally expressed at key inflorescence developmental phases and across various floral organs in barley, as predicted by the ABCDE model. However, expression patterns of some MADS genes, for example HvMADS58 (AGAMOUS subfamily) and HvMADS34 (SEPALLATA subfamily), clearly deviate from predicted patterns. This places them outside the scope of the classical ABCDE model of floral development and demonstrates that the central tenet of antagonism between A- and C-class gene expression in the ABC model of other plants does not occur in barley. Co-expression across three correlation sets showed that specifically grouped members of the barley MIKCc MADS-box genes are likely to be involved in developmental events driving inflorescence meristem initiation, floral meristem identity and floral organ determination. Based on these observations, we propose a potential floral ABCDE working model in barley, where the classic model is generally upheld, but that also provides new insights into the role of MIKCc MADS-box genes in the developing barley inflorescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik N. J. Kuijer
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Neil J. Shirley
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Shi F. Khor
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Jin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Julian Schwerdt
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Dabing Zhang
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Rachel A. Burton
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|