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Yang Z, Zhao M, Zhang X, Gu L, Li J, Ming F, Wang M, Wang Z. MIR396-GRF/GIF enhances in planta shoot regeneration of Dendrobium catenatum. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:543. [PMID: 38822270 PMCID: PMC11143658 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on co-transformation of the growth regulator, TaGRF4-GIF1 chimera (Growth Regulating Factor 4-GRF Interacting Factor 1), in cultivated wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum), showed improved regeneration efficiency, marking a significant breakthrough. Here, a simple and reproducible protocol using the GRF4-GIF1 chimera was established and tested in the medicinal orchid Dendrobium catenatum, a monocot orchid species. TaGRF4-GIF1 from T. aestivum and DcGRF4-GIF1 from D. catenatum were reconstructed, with the chimeras significantly enhancing the regeneration efficiency of D. catenatum through in planta transformation. Further, mutating the microRNA396 (miR396) target sites in TaGRF4 and DcGRF4 improved regeneration efficiency. The target mimicry version of miR396 (MIM396) not only boosted shoot regeneration but also enhanced plant growth. Our methods revealed a powerful tool for the enhanced regeneration and genetic transformation of D. catenatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Meili Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Lili Gu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology, College of Grassland Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Jian Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China
| | - Feng Ming
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Meina Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China.
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China.
| | - Zhicai Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China.
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, the National Orchid Conservation Center of China and the Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518114, China.
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Xu J, Tang A, Liu JY, Yao CL, Liu KP, Huang XS, Shi PQ. Changes in the Biology and Susceptibility of Weevil ( Cylas formicarius) to the Insecticide Spinetoram as a Response to Cadmium Contamination. TOXICS 2024; 12:304. [PMID: 38668527 PMCID: PMC11053403 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The sweet potato weevil Cylas formicarius is a notorious underground pest in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). However, little is known about the effects of cadmium (Cd) stress on weevil biology and resistance to pesticides and biotic agents. Therefore, we fed sweet potato weevils with Cd-contaminated sweet potato and assessed adult food intake and survival and larval developmental duration and mortality rates, as well as resistance to the insecticide spinetoram and susceptibility to the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. With increasing Cd concentration, the number of adult weevil feeding holes, adult survival and life span, and larval developmental duration decreased significantly, whereas larval mortality rates increased significantly. However, at the lowest Cd concentration (30 mg/L), adult feeding was stimulated. Resistance of adult sweet potato weevils to spinetoram increased at low Cd concentration, whereas Cd contamination did not affect sensitivity to B. bassiana. Thus, Cd contamination affected sweet potato weevil biology and resistance, and further studies will investigate weevil Cd accumulation and detoxification mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (J.X.); (A.T.); (J.-Y.L.); (C.-L.Y.); (K.-P.L.); (X.-S.H.)
| | - An Tang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (J.X.); (A.T.); (J.-Y.L.); (C.-L.Y.); (K.-P.L.); (X.-S.H.)
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (J.X.); (A.T.); (J.-Y.L.); (C.-L.Y.); (K.-P.L.); (X.-S.H.)
| | - Chang-Long Yao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (J.X.); (A.T.); (J.-Y.L.); (C.-L.Y.); (K.-P.L.); (X.-S.H.)
| | - Ke-Ping Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (J.X.); (A.T.); (J.-Y.L.); (C.-L.Y.); (K.-P.L.); (X.-S.H.)
| | - Xiao-Sheng Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (J.X.); (A.T.); (J.-Y.L.); (C.-L.Y.); (K.-P.L.); (X.-S.H.)
| | - Pei-Qiong Shi
- Department of Horticulture, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Mei G, Chen A, Wang Y, Li S, Wu M, Hu Y, Liu X, Hou X. A simple and efficient in planta transformation method based on the active regeneration capacity of plants. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100822. [PMID: 38243598 PMCID: PMC11009361 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Plant genetic transformation strategies serve as essential tools for the genetic engineering and advanced molecular breeding of plants. However, the complicated operational protocols and low efficiency of current transformation strategies restrict the genetic modification of most plant species. This paper describes the development of the regenerative activity-dependent in planta injection delivery (RAPID) method based on the active regeneration capacity of plants. In this method, Agrobacterium tumefaciens is delivered to plant meristems via injection to induce transfected nascent tissues. Stable transgenic plants can be obtained by subsequent vegetative propagation of the positive nascent tissues. The method was successfully used for transformation of plants with strong regeneration capacity, including different genotypes of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), potato (Solanum tuberosum), and bayhops (Ipomoea pes-caprae). Compared with traditional transformation methods, RAPID has a much higher transformation efficiency and shorter duration, and it does not require tissue culture procedures. The RAPID method therefore overcomes the limitations of traditional methods to enable rapid in planta transformation and can be potentially applied to a wide range of plant species that are capable of active regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoguo Mei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuquan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minyi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yilong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xingliang Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Ahmed S, Khan MSS, Xue S, Islam F, Ikram AU, Abdullah M, Liu S, Tappiban P, Chen J. A comprehensive overview of omics-based approaches to enhance biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in sweet potato. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae014. [PMID: 38464477 PMCID: PMC10923648 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stresses negatively affect the yield and overall plant developmental process, thus causing substantial losses in global sweet potato production. To cope with stresses, sweet potato has evolved numerous strategies to tackle ever-changing surroundings and biological and environmental conditions. The invention of modern sequencing technology and the latest data processing and analysis instruments has paved the way to integrate biological information from different approaches and helps to understand plant system biology more precisely. The advancement in omics technologies has accumulated and provided a great source of information at all levels (genome, transcript, protein, and metabolite) under stressful conditions. These latest molecular tools facilitate us to understand better the plant's responses to stress signaling and help to process/integrate the biological information encoded within the biological system of plants. This review briefly addresses utilizing the latest omics strategies for deciphering the adaptive mechanisms for sweet potatoes' biotic and abiotic stress tolerance via functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. This information also provides a powerful reference to understand the complex, well-coordinated stress signaling genetic regulatory networks and better comprehend the plant phenotypic responses at the cellular/molecular level under various environmental stimuli, thus accelerating the design of stress-resilient sweet potato via the latest genetic engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Ahmed
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | | | - Songlei Xue
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Yancheng 224000, China
| | - Faisal Islam
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Aziz Ul Ikram
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minghang, 200240, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Liu
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Piengtawan Tappiban
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Jian Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Chen Y, Wang Z, Gao T, Huang Y, Li T, Jiang X, Liu Y, Gao L, Xia T. Deep learning and targeted metabolomics-based monitoring of chewing insects in tea plants and screening defense compounds. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:698-713. [PMID: 37882465 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Tea is an important cash crop that is often consumed by chewing pests, resulting in reduced yields and economic losses. It is important to establish a method to quickly identify the degree of damage to tea plants caused by leaf-eating insects and screen green control compounds. This study was performed through the combination of deep learning and targeted metabolomics, in vitro feeding experiment, enzymic analysis and transient genetic transformation. A small target damage detection model based on YOLOv5 with Transformer Prediction Head (TPH-YOLOv5) algorithm for the tea canopy level was established. Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) was used to analyze the correlation between the degree of damage and the phenolic metabolites. A potential defensive compound, (-)-epicatechin-3-O-caffeoate (EC-CA), was screened. In vitro feeding experiments showed that compared with EC and epicatechin gallate, Ectropis grisescens exhibited more significant antifeeding against EC-CA. In vitro enzymatic experiments showed that the hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (CsHCTs) recombinant protein has substrate promiscuity and can catalyze the synthesis of EC-CA. Transient overexpression of CsHCTs in tea leaves effectively reduced the degree of damage to tea leaves. This study provides important reference values and application prospects for the effective monitoring of pests in tea gardens and screening of green chemical control substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology, College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Tian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yipeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tongtong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liping Gao
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture/Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Yang Y, Chen Y, Bo Y, Liu Q, Zhai H. Research Progress in the Mechanisms of Resistance to Biotic Stress in Sweet Potato. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2106. [PMID: 38003049 PMCID: PMC10671456 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is one of the most important food, feed, industrial raw materials, and new energy crops, and is widely cultivated around the world. China is the largest sweet potato producer in the world, and the sweet potato industry plays an important role in China's agriculture. During the growth of sweet potato, it is often affected by biotic stresses, such as fungi, nematodes, insects, viruses, and bacteria. These stressors are widespread worldwide and have severely restricted the production of sweet potato. In recent years, with the rapid development and maturity of biotechnology, an increasing number of stress-related genes have been introduced into sweet potato, which improves its quality and resistance of sweet potato. This paper summarizes the discovery of biological stress-related genes in sweet potato and the related mechanisms of stress resistance from the perspectives of genomics analysis, transcriptomics analysis, genetic engineering, and physiological and biochemical indicators. The mechanisms of stress resistance provide a reference for analyzing the molecular breeding of disease resistance mechanisms and biotic stress resistance in sweet potato.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.C.); (Y.B.); (Q.L.)
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Kim TH, Kim S, Park W, Woo KS, Lee K, Chung MN, Lee YH, Lee HU, Lee KH, Nam SS, Jo H, Lee JD. Genome-wide association study to identify novel loci and genes for Fusarium root rot resistance in sweet potato using genotyping-by-sequencing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1251157. [PMID: 37860237 PMCID: PMC10584150 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1251157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium root rot, caused by Fusarium solani, is a major post-harvest disease in sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.). An effective strategy for controlling this disease is the development of resistant varieties. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on 96 sweet potato genotypes to identify novel candidate loci and dissect the genetic basis of Fusarium root rot resistance. Genotyping was performed using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), and 44,255 SNPs were identified after filtering. The genotypes (n = 96) were evaluated through resistance tests in 2021 and 2022, separately and combined. The GWAS identified two significant SNP markers (LG3_22903756 and LG4_2449919) on chromosomes 3 and 4 associated with Fusarium root rot resistance, respectively. Lesion length showed significant differences between homozygous A and G alleles of LG3_22903756, which can potentially be used to develop molecular markers for selecting accessions resistant to Fusarium root rot. Expression analysis of 11 putative genes flanking the significant SNPs revealed the alteration in the expression of nine genes, indicating their possible involvement in Fusarium root rot resistance. The results of this study will aid in the marker-assisted selection and functional analysis of candidate genes for Fusarium root rot resistance in sweet potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hwa Kim
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujung Kim
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Park
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan, Republic of Korea
| | - Koan Sik Woo
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunpyo Lee
- International Technology Cooperation Center, Technology Cooperation Bureau, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Nam Chung
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Lee
- Planning and Coordination Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Un Lee
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Hwui Lee
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Sik Nam
- Bioenergy Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Muan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jo
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Dong Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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