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Bookey N, Drago P, Leung KY, Hughes L, MacCooey A, Ozaki M, Henry M, De Castro SCP, Doykov I, Heywood WE, Mills K, Murphy MM, Cavallé-Busquets P, Campbell S, Burtenshaw D, Meleady P, Cahill PA, Greene NDE, Parle-McDermott A. The Differential Translation Capabilities of the Human DHFR2 Gene Indicates a Developmental and Tissue-Specific Endogenous Protein of Low Abundance. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100718. [PMID: 38224738 PMCID: PMC10884974 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
A functional role has been ascribed to the human dihydrofolate reductase 2 (DHFR2) gene based on the enzymatic activity of recombinant versions of the predicted translated protein. However, the in vivo function is still unclear. The high amino acid sequence identity (92%) between DHFR2 and its parental homolog, DHFR, makes analysis of the endogenous protein challenging. This paper describes a targeted mass spectrometry proteomics approach in several human cell lines and tissue types to identify DHFR2-specific peptides as evidence of its translation. We show definitive evidence that the DHFR2 activity in the mitochondria is in fact mediated by DHFR, and not DHFR2. Analysis of Ribo-seq data and an experimental assessment of ribosome association using a sucrose cushion showed that the two main Ensembl annotated mRNA isoforms of DHFR2, 201 and 202, are differentially associated with the ribosome. This indicates a functional role at both the RNA and protein level. However, we were unable to detect DHFR2 protein at a detectable level in most cell types examined despite various RNA isoforms of DHFR2 being relatively abundant. We did detect a DHFR2-specific peptide in embryonic heart, indicating that the protein may have a specific role during embryogenesis. We propose that the main functionality of the DHFR2 gene in adult cells is likely to arise at the RNA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Bookey
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; DCU Life Sciences Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Paola Drago
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; DCU Life Sciences Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kit-Yi Leung
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Linda Hughes
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife MacCooey
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mari Ozaki
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Henry
- DCU Life Sciences Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sandra C P De Castro
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ivan Doykov
- Translational Mass Spectrometry Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wendy E Heywood
- Translational Mass Spectrometry Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin Mills
- Translational Mass Spectrometry Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michelle M Murphy
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, IISPV and CIBERobn (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Reus, Spain
| | - Pere Cavallé-Busquets
- Area of Obstetrics, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV and CIBERobn (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Reus, Spain
| | - Susan Campbell
- Sheffield Hallam University, Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Paula Meleady
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; DCU Life Sciences Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul A Cahill
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicholas D E Greene
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anne Parle-McDermott
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; DCU Life Sciences Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
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Corcoran E, Olayinka A, di Luca M, Gusti Y, Hakimjavadi R, O'Connor B, Redmond EM, Cahill PA. N-Glycans on the extracellular domain of the Notch1 receptor control Jagged-1 induced Notch signalling and myogenic differentiation of S100β resident vascular stem cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.17.567576. [PMID: 38014317 PMCID: PMC10680845 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.17.567576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Notch signalling, critical for development and postnatal homeostasis of the vascular system, is highly regulated by several mechanisms including glycosylation. While the importance of O-linked glycosylation is widely accepted, the structure and function of N-glycans has yet to be defined. Here, we take advantage of lectin binding assays in combination with pharmacological, molecular, and site-directed mutagenetic approaches to study N-glycosylation of the Notch1 receptor. We find that several key oligosaccharides containing bisecting or core fucosylated structures decorate the receptor, control expression and receptor trafficking, and dictate Jagged-1 activation of Notch target genes and myogenic differentiation of multipotent S100β vascular stem cells. N-glycans at asparagine (N) 1241 and 1587 protect the receptor from accelerated degradation, while the oligosaccharide at N888 directly affects signal transduction. Conversely, N-linked glycans at N959, N1179, N1489 do not impact canonical signalling but inhibit differentiation. Our work highlights a novel functional role for N-glycans in controlling Notch1 signalling and differentiation of vascular stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Corcoran
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Abidemi Olayinka
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mariana di Luca
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yusof Gusti
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roya Hakimjavadi
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan O'Connor
- School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen M Redmond
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Paul A Cahill
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Li MR, Luo XJ, Peng J. Role of sonic hedgehog signaling pathway in the regulation of ion channels: focus on its association with cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:719-730. [PMID: 37676576 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00982-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling is vital for cell differentiation and proliferation during embryonic development, yet its role in cardiac, cerebral, and vascular pathophysiology is under debate. Recent studies have demonstrated that several compounds of SHH signaling regulate ion channels, which in turn affect the behavior of target cells. Some of these ion channels are involved in the cardio-cerebrovascular system. Here, we first reviewed the SHH signaling cascades, then its interaction with ion channels, and their impact on cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Considering the complex cross talk of SHH signaling with other pathways that also affect ion channels and their potential impact on the cardio-cerebrovascular system, we highlight the necessity of thoroughly studying the effect of SHH signaling on ion homeostasis, which could serve as a novel mechanism for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Activation of SHH signaling influence ion channels activity, which in turn influence ion homeostasis, membrane potential, and electrophysiology, could serve as a novel strategy for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Rui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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Cao G, Xuan X, Hu J, Zhang R, Jin H, Dong H. How vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching contributes to vascular disease. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:180. [PMID: 36411459 PMCID: PMC9677683 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00993-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the most abundant cell in vessels. Earlier experiments have found that VSMCs possess high plasticity. Vascular injury stimulates VSMCs to switch into a dedifferentiated type, also known as synthetic VSMCs, with a high migration and proliferation capacity for repairing vascular injury. In recent years, largely owing to rapid technological advances in single-cell sequencing and cell-lineage tracing techniques, multiple VSMCs phenotypes have been uncovered in vascular aging, atherosclerosis (AS), aortic aneurysm (AA), etc. These VSMCs all down-regulate contractile proteins such as α-SMA and calponin1, and obtain specific markers and similar cellular functions of osteoblast, fibroblast, macrophage, and mesenchymal cells. This highly plastic phenotype transformation is regulated by a complex network consisting of circulating plasma substances, transcription factors, growth factors, inflammatory factors, non-coding RNAs, integrin family, and Notch pathway. This review focuses on phenotypic characteristics, molecular profile and the functional role of VSMCs phenotype landscape; the molecular mechanism regulating VSMCs phenotype switching; and the contribution of VSMCs phenotype switching to vascular aging, AS, and AA. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genmao Cao
- grid.452845.a0000 0004 1799 2077Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuezhen Xuan
- grid.452845.a0000 0004 1799 2077Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Hu
- grid.452845.a0000 0004 1799 2077Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- grid.452845.a0000 0004 1799 2077Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haijiang Jin
- grid.452845.a0000 0004 1799 2077Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
| | - Honglin Dong
- grid.452845.a0000 0004 1799 2077Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382, Wuyi Road, Taiyuan, China
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Burtenshaw D, Regan B, Owen K, Collins D, McEneaney D, Megson IL, Redmond EM, Cahill PA. Exosomal Composition, Biogenesis and Profiling Using Point-of-Care Diagnostics—Implications for Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:853451. [PMID: 35721503 PMCID: PMC9198276 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.853451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteriosclerosis is an important age-dependent disease that encompasses atherosclerosis, in-stent restenosis (ISR), pulmonary hypertension, autologous bypass grafting and transplant arteriosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC)-like cells is a critical event in the pathology of arteriosclerotic disease leading to intimal-medial thickening (IMT), lipid retention and vessel remodelling. An important aspect in guiding clinical decision-making is the detection of biomarkers of subclinical arteriosclerosis and early cardiovascular risk. Crucially, relevant biomarkers need to be good indicators of injury which change in their circulating concentrations or structure, signalling functional disturbances. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized membraneous vesicles secreted by cells that contain numerous bioactive molecules and act as a means of intercellular communication between different cell populations to maintain tissue homeostasis, gene regulation in recipient cells and the adaptive response to stress. This review will focus on the emerging field of EV research in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and discuss how key EV signatures in liquid biopsies may act as early pathological indicators of adaptive lesion formation and arteriosclerotic disease progression. EV profiling has the potential to provide important clinical information to complement current cardiovascular diagnostic platforms that indicate or predict myocardial injury. Finally, the development of fitting devices to enable rapid and/or high-throughput exosomal analysis that require adapted processing procedures will be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Burtenshaw
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Regan
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathryn Owen
- Southern Health and Social Care Trust, Craigavon Area Hospital, Craigavon, United Kingdom
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - David Collins
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David McEneaney
- Southern Health and Social Care Trust, Craigavon Area Hospital, Craigavon, United Kingdom
| | - Ian L. Megson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Health Science, UHI Institute of Health Research and Innovation, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen M. Redmond
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Paul Aidan Cahill
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Paul Aidan Cahill,
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