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Hao M, Xia Y. A Multi-functional Hybrid System Comprised of Polydopamine Nanobottles and Biological Effectors for Cartilage Repair. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2405979. [PMID: 39077937 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202405979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Biological effectors play critical roles in augmenting the repair of cartilage injuries, but it remains a challenge to control their release in a programmable, stepwise fashion. Herein, a hybrid system consisting of polydopamine (PDA) nanobottles embedded in a hydrogel matrix to manage the release of biological effectors for use in cartilage repair is reported. Specifically, a homing effector is load in the hydrogel matrix, together with the encapsulation of a cartilage effector in PDA nanobottles filled with phase-change material. In action, the homing effector is quickly released from the hydrogel in the initial step to recruit stem cells from the surroundings. Owing to the antioxidation effect of PDA, the recruited cells are shielded from reactive oxygen species. The cartilage effector is then slowly released from the nanobottles to promote chondrogenic differentiation, facilitating cartilage repair. Altogether, this strategy encompassing recruitment, protection, and differentiation of stem cells offers a viable route to tissue repair or regeneration through stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hao
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Younan Xia
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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2
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Takihira S, Yamada D, Osone T, Takao T, Sakaguchi M, Hakozaki M, Itano T, Nakata E, Fujiwara T, Kunisada T, Ozaki T, Takarada T. PRRX1-TOP2A interaction is a malignancy-promoting factor in human malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1493-1504. [PMID: 38448751 PMCID: PMC11058259 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paired related-homeobox 1 (PRRX1) is a transcription factor in the regulation of developmental morphogenetic processes. There is growing evidence that PRRX1 is highly expressed in certain cancers and is critically involved in human survival prognosis. However, the molecular mechanism of PRRX1 in cancer malignancy remains to be elucidated. METHODS PRRX1 expression in human Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs) samples was detected immunohistochemically to evaluate survival prognosis. MPNST models with PRRX1 gene knockdown or overexpression were constructed in vitro and the phenotype of MPNST cells was evaluated. Bioinformatics analysis combined with co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, RNA-seq and structural prediction were used to identify proteins interacting with PRRX1. RESULTS High expression of PRRX1 was associated with a poor prognosis for MPNST. PRRX1 knockdown suppressed the tumorigenic potential. PRRX1 overexpressed in MPNSTs directly interacts with topoisomerase 2 A (TOP2A) to cooperatively promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and increase expression of tumour malignancy-related gene sets including mTORC1, KRAS and SRC signalling pathways. Etoposide, a TOP2A inhibitor used in the treatment of MPNST, may exhibit one of its anticancer effects by inhibiting the PRRX1-TOP2A interaction. CONCLUSION Targeting the PRRX1-TOP2A interaction in malignant tumours with high PRRX1 expression might provide a novel tumour-selective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Takihira
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Osone
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tomoka Takao
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Hakozaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Takuto Itano
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Eiji Nakata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Fujiwara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kunisada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takarada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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Lee SJ, Jeon O, Lee YB, Alt DS, Ding A, Tang R, Alsberg E. In situ cell condensation-based cartilage tissue engineering via immediately implantable high-density stem cell core and rapidly degradable shell microgels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.20.590385. [PMID: 38712035 PMCID: PMC11071421 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.20.590385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Formation of chondromimetic human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) condensations typically required in vitro culture in defined environments. In addition, extended in vitro culture in differentiation media over several weeks is usually necessary prior to implantation, which is costly, time consuming and delays clinical treatment. Here, this study reports on immediately implantable core/shell microgels with a high-density hMSC-laden core and rapidly degradable hydrogel shell. The hMSCs in the core formed cell condensates within 12 hours and the oxidized and methacrylated alginate (OMA) hydrogel shells were completely degraded within 3 days, enabling spontaneous and precipitous fusion of adjacent condensed aggregates. By delivering transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) within the core, the fused condensates were chondrogenically differentiated and formed cartilage microtissues. Importantly, these hMSC-laden core/shell microgels, fabricated without any in vitro culture, were subcutaneously implanted into mice and shown to form cartilage tissue via cellular condensations in the core after 3 weeks. This innovative approach to form cell condensations in situ without in vitro culture that can fuse together with each other and with host tissue and be matured into new tissue with incorporated bioactive signals, allows for immediate implantation and may be a platform strategy for cartilage regeneration and other tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jin Lee
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612 USA
| | - Oju Jeon
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612 USA
| | - Yu Bin Lee
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612 USA
| | - Daniel S. Alt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106 USA
| | - Aixiang Ding
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612 USA
| | - Rui Tang
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612 USA
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center (JBVAMC), Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44106 USA
- Departments of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Orthopaedic Surgery, and Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612 USA
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4
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Chu H, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Yue H, Liu H, Li B, Yin F. Comparison studies identify mesenchymal stromal cells with potent regenerative activity in osteoarthritis treatment. NPJ Regen Med 2024; 9:14. [PMID: 38561335 PMCID: PMC10984924 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-024-00358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis affects 15% of people over 65 years of age. It is characterized by articular cartilage degradation and inflammation, leading to joint pain and disability. Osteoarthritis is incurable and the patients may eventually need joint replacement. An emerging treatment is mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), with over two hundred clinical trials being registered. However, the outcomes of these trials have fallen short of the expectation, due to heterogeneity of MSCs and uncertain mechanisms of action. It is generally believed that MSCs exert their function mainly by secreting immunomodulatory and trophic factors. Here we used knee osteoarthritis mouse model to assess the therapeutic effects of MSCs isolated from the white adipose or dermal adipose tissue of Prrx1-Cre; R26tdTomato mice and Dermo1-Cre; R26tdTomato mice. We found that the Prrx1-lineage MSCs from the white adipose tissues showed the greatest in vitro differentiation potentials among the four MSC groups and single cell profiling showed that the Prrx1-lineage MSCs contained more stem cells than the Dermo1 counterpart. Only the Prrx1-lineage cells isolated from white adipose tissues showed long-term therapeutic effectiveness on early-stage osteoarthritis models. Mechanistically, Prrx1-lineage MSCs differentiated into Col2+ chondrocytes and replaced the damage cartilage, activated Col1 expressing in resident chondrocytes, and inhibited synovial inflammation. Transcriptome analysis showed that the articular chondrocytes derived from injected MSCs expressed immunomodulatory cytokines, trophic factors, and chondrocyte-specific genes. Our study identified a MSC population genetically marked by Prrx1 that has great multipotentiality and can differentiate into chondrocytes to replace the damaged cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshang Chu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shaoyang Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhenlin Zhang
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Hua Yue
- Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Baojie Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Feng Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, China.
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China.
- Department of Joint and Sports Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Liao Y, Kang F, Xiong J, Xie K, Li M, Yu L, Wang Y, Chen H, Ye G, Yin Y, Guo W, Cai H, Zhu Q, Li Z. MSX1 +PDGFRA low limb mesenchyme-like cells as an efficient stem cell source for human cartilage regeneration. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:399-413. [PMID: 38428414 PMCID: PMC10937155 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Degenerative bone disorders have a significant impact on global health, and regeneration of articular cartilage remains a challenge. Existing cell therapies using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown limited efficacy, highlighting the necessity for alternative stem cell sources. Here, we have identified and characterized MSX1+ mesenchymal progenitor cells in the developing limb bud with remarkable osteochondral-regenerative and microenvironment-adaptive capabilities. Single-cell sequencing further revealed the presence of two major cell compositions within the MSX1+ cells, where a distinct PDGFRAlow subset retained the strongest osteochondral competency and could efficiently regenerate articular cartilage in vivo. Furthermore, a strategy was developed to generate MSX1+PDGFRAlow limb mesenchyme-like (LML) cells from human pluripotent stem cells that closely resembled their mouse counterparts, which were bipotential in vitro and could directly regenerate damaged cartilage in a mouse injury model. Together, our results indicated that MSX1+PDGFRAlow LML cells might be a prominent stem cell source for human cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansong Liao
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanchen Kang
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingfei Xiong
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Xie
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxu Li
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanyi Chen
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guogen Ye
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yike Yin
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoyang Cai
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhonghan Li
- Center of Growth Metabolism and Aging, Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Chengdu, China; Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Atsuta Y, Lee C, Rodrigues AR, Colle C, Tomizawa RR, Lujan EG, Tschopp P, Galan L, Zhu M, Gorham JM, Vannier JP, Seidman CE, Seidman JG, Ros MA, Pourquié O, Tabin CJ. Direct reprogramming of non-limb fibroblasts to cells with properties of limb progenitors. Dev Cell 2024; 59:415-430.e8. [PMID: 38320485 PMCID: PMC10932627 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The early limb bud consists of mesenchymal limb progenitors derived from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). The LPM also gives rise to the mesodermal components of the flank and neck. However, the cells at these other levels cannot produce the variety of cell types found in the limb. Taking advantage of a direct reprogramming approach, we find a set of factors (Prdm16, Zbtb16, and Lin28a) normally expressed in the early limb bud and capable of imparting limb progenitor-like properties to mouse non-limb fibroblasts. The reprogrammed cells show similar gene expression profiles and can differentiate into similar cell types as endogenous limb progenitors. The further addition of Lin41 potentiates the proliferation of the reprogrammed cells. These results suggest that these same four factors may play pivotal roles in the specification of endogenous limb progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Atsuta
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - ChangHee Lee
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Alan R Rodrigues
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Charlotte Colle
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Reiko R Tomizawa
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ernesto G Lujan
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patrick Tschopp
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Zoological Institute, University of Basel, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Galan
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria, CSIC, SODERCAN- Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua M Gorham
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan G Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marian A Ros
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria, CSIC, SODERCAN- Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Clifford J Tabin
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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7
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Hadzimustafic N, D’Elia A, Shamoun V, Haykal S. Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1863. [PMID: 38339142 PMCID: PMC10855589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of plastic and reconstructive surgery is restoring form and function. Historically, tissue procured from healthy portions of a patient's body has been used to fill defects, but this is limited by tissue availability. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are stem cells derived from the de-differentiation of mature somatic cells. hiPSCs are of particular interest in plastic surgery as they have the capacity to be re-differentiated into more mature cells, and cultured to grow tissues. This review aims to evaluate the applications of hiPSCs in the plastic surgery context, with a focus on recent advances and limitations. The use of hiPSCs and non-human iPSCs has been researched in the context of skin, nerve, vasculature, skeletal muscle, cartilage, and bone regeneration. hiPSCs offer a future for regenerated autologous skin grafts, flaps comprised of various tissue types, and whole functional units such as the face and limbs. Also, they can be used to model diseases affecting tissues of interest in plastic surgery, such as skin cancers, epidermolysis bullosa, and scleroderma. Tumorigenicity, immunogenicity and pragmatism still pose significant limitations. Further research is required to identify appropriate somatic origin and induction techniques to harness the epigenetic memory of hiPSCs or identify methods to manipulate epigenetic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hadzimustafic
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (N.H.); (A.D.); (V.S.)
| | - Andrew D’Elia
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (N.H.); (A.D.); (V.S.)
| | - Valentina Shamoun
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (N.H.); (A.D.); (V.S.)
| | - Siba Haykal
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
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8
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Mancini FE, Humphreys PEA, Woods S, Bates N, Cuvertino S, O'Flaherty J, Biant L, Domingos MAN, Kimber SJ. Effect of a retinoic acid analogue on BMP-driven pluripotent stem cell chondrogenesis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2696. [PMID: 38302538 PMCID: PMC10834951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common degenerative joint condition, leading to articular cartilage (AC) degradation, chronic pain and immobility. The lack of appropriate therapies that provide tissue restoration combined with the limited lifespan of joint-replacement implants indicate the need for alternative AC regeneration strategies. Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into AC progenitors may provide a long-term regenerative solution but is still limited due to the continued reliance upon growth factors to recapitulate developmental signalling processes. Recently, TTNPB, a small molecule activator of retinoic acid receptors (RARs), has been shown to be sufficient to guide mesodermal specification and early chondrogenesis of hPSCs. Here, we modified our previous differentiation protocol, by supplementing cells with TTNPB and administering BMP2 at specific times to enhance early development (referred to as the RAPID-E protocol). Transcriptomic analyses indicated that activation of RAR signalling significantly upregulated genes related to limb and embryonic skeletal development in the early stages of the protocol and upregulated genes related to AC development in later stages. Chondroprogenitors obtained from RAPID-E could generate cartilaginous pellets that expressed AC-related matrix proteins such as Lubricin, Aggrecan, and Collagen II, but additionally expressed Collagen X, indicative of hypertrophy. This protocol could lay the foundations for cell therapy strategies for osteoarthritis and improve the understanding of AC development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio E Mancini
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Department of Solids and Structures, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Paul E A Humphreys
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Steven Woods
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Nicola Bates
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sara Cuvertino
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Julieta O'Flaherty
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Leela Biant
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Marco A N Domingos
- Department of Solids and Structures, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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9
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Makarczyk MJ. Cell Therapy Approaches for Articular Cartilage Regeneration. Organogenesis 2023; 19:2278235. [PMID: 37963189 PMCID: PMC10898818 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2023.2278235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a common cartilage type found in a multitude of joints throughout the human body. However, cartilage is limited in its regenerative capacity. A range of methods have been employed to aid adults under the age of 45 with cartilage defects, but other cartilage pathologies such as osteoarthritis are limited to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and total joint arthroplasty. Cell therapies and synthetic biology can be utilized to assist not only cartilage defects but have the potential as a therapeutic approach for osteoarthritis as well. In this review, we will cover current cell therapy approaches for cartilage defect regeneration with a focus on autologous chondrocyte implantation and matrix autologous chondrocyte implantation. We will then discuss the potential of stem cells for cartilage repair in osteoarthritis and the use of synthetic biology to genetically engineer cells to promote cartilage regeneration and potentially reverse osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan J Makarczyk
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Humphreys PEA, Woods S, Bates N, Rooney KM, Mancini FE, Barclay C, O'Flaherty J, Martial FP, Domingos MAN, Kimber SJ. Optogenetic manipulation of BMP signaling to drive chondrogenic differentiation of hPSCs. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113502. [PMID: 38032796 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics is a rapidly advancing technology combining photochemical, optical, and synthetic biology to control cellular behavior. Together, sensitive light-responsive optogenetic tools and human pluripotent stem cell differentiation models have the potential to fine-tune differentiation and unpick the processes by which cell specification and tissue patterning are controlled by morphogens. We used an optogenetic bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling system (optoBMP) to drive chondrogenic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We engineered light-sensitive hESCs through CRISPR-Cas9-mediated integration of the optoBMP system into the AAVS1 locus. The activation of optoBMP with blue light, in lieu of BMP growth factors, resulted in the activation of BMP signaling mechanisms and upregulation of a chondrogenic phenotype, with significant transcriptional differences compared to cells in the dark. Furthermore, cells differentiated with light could form chondrogenic pellets consisting of a hyaline-like cartilaginous matrix. Our findings indicate the applicability of optogenetics for understanding human development and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E A Humphreys
- Division of Cell Matrix & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Steven Woods
- Division of Cell Matrix & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Nicola Bates
- Division of Cell Matrix & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Kirsty M Rooney
- Division of Cell Matrix & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Fabrizio E Mancini
- Division of Cell Matrix & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Cerys Barclay
- Division of Cell Matrix & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Julieta O'Flaherty
- Division of Cell Matrix & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Franck P Martial
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Marco A N Domingos
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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11
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Fujisawa Y, Takao T, Yamada D, Takarada T. Development of cartilage tissue using a stirred bioreactor and human iPSC-derived limb bud mesenchymal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 687:149146. [PMID: 37956599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Production of cartilaginous particles for regenerative medicine requires a large supply of chondrocytes and development of suitable production techniques. Previously, we successfully produced human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived limb bud mesenchymal cells (ExpLBM cells) with a high chondrogenic differentiation potential that stably proliferate. It may be possible to use these cells in combination with a stirred bioreactor to develop a tissue-engineered cell culture technology with potential for scale-up to facilitate production of large amounts of cartilaginous particles. ExpLBM cells derived from 414C2 and Ff-I 14s04 (human leukocyte antigen homozygous) hiPSCs were seeded into a stirred bioreactor containing cartilage induction medium. To characterize the cartilaginous particles produced, we performed real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and histological analyses. Additionally, we transplanted the cartilage tissue into osteochondral defects of immunocompromised rats to assess its functionality, and evaluated engraftment of the grafted tissue. We successfully produced large amounts of cartilaginous particles via cartilage induction culture in a stirred bioreactor. This tissue exhibited significantly increased expression levels of type II collagen (COL2), aggrecan (ACAN), and SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9), as well as positive Safranin O and Toluidine blue staining, indicating that it possesses characteristics of hyaline cartilage. Furthermore, engrafted tissues in osteochondral knee defects of immunodeficient rats were positively stained for human vimentin, COL2, and ACAN as well as with Safranin O. In this study, we successfully generated large amounts of hiPSC-derived cartilaginous particles using a combination of tissue engineering techniques. This method is promising as a cartilage regeneration technology with potential for scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fujisawa
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tomoka Takao
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takarada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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12
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Ota T, Takao T, Iwai R, Moriwaki T, Kitaguchi Y, Fujisawa Y, Yamada D, Kimata Y, Takarada T. Fabrication of shape-designable cartilage from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived chondroprogenitors using a cell self-aggregation technique. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:065019. [PMID: 37827163 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad02d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
With the advancement of tissue engineering technologies, implantable materials have been developed for use in facial plastic surgery, including auriculoplasty and rhinoplasty. Tissue-engineered cartilage comprising only cells and cell-produced extracellular matrix is considered valuable as there is no need to consider problems associated with scaffold absorption or immune responses commonly related to conventional artificial materials. However, it is exceedingly difficult to produce large-sized complex shapes of cartilage without the use of scaffolds. In this study, we describe the production of shape-designable cartilage using a novel cell self-aggregation technique (CAT) and chondroprogenitor cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells as the source. The method described does not require special equipment such as bio-3D printers, and the produced tissue can be induced into well-matured cartilage with abundant cartilage matrixin vitro. Using CAT, we were able to generate cartilage in the form of rings or tubes with adjustable inner diameter and curvature, over a range of several centimeters, without the use of scaffolds. Thein vitrofabrication of shape-designable cartilage using CAT is a promising development in facial plastic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Ota
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tomoka Takao
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Iwai
- Okayama University of Science, Institute of Frontier Science and Technology, 1-1, Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
| | - Takeshi Moriwaki
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3, Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Yohei Kitaguchi
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujisawa
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kimata
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takarada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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13
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Arakawa M, Sakamoto Y, Miyagawa Y, Nito C, Takahashi S, Nitahara-Kasahara Y, Suda S, Yamazaki Y, Sakai M, Kimura K, Okada T. iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting inflammatory signaling and oxidative stress. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 30:333-349. [PMID: 37637385 PMCID: PMC10448333 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) hold great promise as a cell source for transplantation into injured tissues to alleviate inflammation. However, the therapeutic efficacy of iMSC transplantation for ischemic stroke remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of iMSC transplantation on brain injury after ischemia-reperfusion using a rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model and compared its therapeutic efficacy with that of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). We showed that iMSCs and BMMSCs reduced infarct volumes after reperfusion and significantly improved motor function on days 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 and cognitive function on days 28 and 56 after reperfusion compared with the vehicle group. Furthermore, immunological analyses revealed that transplantation of iMSCs and BMMSCs inhibited microglial activation and expression of proinflammatory cytokines and suppressed oxidative stress and neuronal cell death in the cerebral cortex at the ischemic border zone. No difference in therapeutic effect was observed between the iMSC and BMMSC groups. Taken together, our results demonstrate that iMSC therapy can be a practical alternative as a cell source for attenuation of brain injury and improvement of neurological function because of the unlimited supply of uniform therapeutic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Arakawa
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Sakamoto
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Miyagawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikako Nito
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Clinical Research, Collaborative Research Center, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiro Takahashi
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Nitahara-Kasahara
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suda
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yamazaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mashito Sakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kimura
- Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Liu J, Shao L, Huang W. Commentary on "A population of stem cells with strong regenerative potential discovered in deer antlers ". Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:401-402. [PMID: 37407170 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Li Shao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Weihua Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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15
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Tsutsumi R, Eiraku M. How might we build limbs in vitro informed by the modular aspects and tissue-dependency in limb development? Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1135784. [PMID: 37283945 PMCID: PMC10241304 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1135784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Building limb morphogenesis in vitro would substantially open up avenues for research and applications of appendage development. Recently, advances in stem cell engineering to differentiate desired cell types and produce multicellular structures in vitro have enabled the derivation of limb-like tissues from pluripotent stem cells. However, in vitro recapitulation of limb morphogenesis is yet to be achieved. To formulate a method of building limbs in vitro, it is critically important to understand developmental mechanisms, especially the modularity and the dependency of limb development on the external tissues, as those would help us to postulate what can be self-organized and what needs to be externally manipulated when reconstructing limb development in vitro. Although limbs are formed on the designated limb field on the flank of embryo in the normal developmental context, limbs can also be regenerated on the amputated stump in some animals and experimentally induced at ectopic locations, which highlights the modular aspects of limb morphogenesis. The forelimb-hindlimb identity and the dorsal-ventral, proximal-distal, and anterior-posterior axes are initially instructed by the body axis of the embryo, and maintained in the limb domain once established. In contrast, the aspects of dependency on the external tissues are especially underscored by the contribution of incoming tissues, such as muscles, blood vessels, and peripheral nerves, to developing limbs. Together, those developmental mechanisms explain how limb-like tissues could be derived from pluripotent stem cells. Prospectively, the higher complexity of limb morphologies is expected to be recapitulated by introducing the morphogen gradient and the incoming tissues in the culture environment. Those technological developments would dramatically enhance experimental accessibility and manipulability for elucidating the mechanisms of limb morphogenesis and interspecies differences. Furthermore, if human limb development can be modeled, drug development would be benefited by in vitro assessment of prenatal toxicity on congenital limb deficiencies. Ultimately, we might even create a future in which the lost appendage would be recovered by transplanting artificially grown human limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rio Tsutsumi
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Developmental Systems, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Eiraku
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Developmental Systems, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Takao T, Sato M, Fujisawa Y, Toyoda E, Yamada D, Hitsumoto Y, Nakata E, Ozaki T, Takarada T. A novel chondrocyte sheet fabrication using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived expandable limb-bud mesenchymal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:34. [PMID: 36829201 PMCID: PMC9960196 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell sheet fabrication for articular cartilage regenerative medicine necessitates a large number of chondrocytes of consistent quality as a cell source. Previously, we have developed human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived expandable PRRX1+ limb-bud mesenchymal cells (ExpLBM) with stable expansion and high chondrogenic capacity, while in this study; our ExpLBM technology was combined with cell sheet engineering to assess its potential as a stable cell source for articular cartilage regeneration. METHODS ExpLBM cells derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), including 414C2 and Ff-KVs09 (HLA homozygous), were seeded onto a culture plate and two-dimensional chondrogenic induction (2-DCI) was initiated. After 2-DCI, ExpLBM-derived chondrocytes were stripped and transferred to temperature-responsive culture inserts and the chondrocyte sheets were histologically examined or transplanted into osteochondral knee defects of immunodeficient rats. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry revealed that ExpLBM-derived cell sheets were positive for Safranin O, COL2, and ACAN but that they were negative for COL1 and RUNX2. Furthermore, the engrafted tissues in osteochondral knee defects in immunodeficient rats were stained with SafO, human VIMENTIN, ACAN, and COL2. CONCLUSIONS The present study is the first to report the chondrocyte sheet fabrication with hiPSC-derived cell source. hiPSC-derived ExpLBM would be a promising cell source for cell sheet technology in articular cartilage regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Takao
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Department of Regenerative Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558 Japan
| | - Masato Sato
- grid.265061.60000 0001 1516 6626Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujisawa
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Department of Regenerative Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558 Japan
| | - Eriko Toyoda
- grid.265061.60000 0001 1516 6626Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Surgical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Department of Regenerative Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558 Japan
| | - Yukio Hitsumoto
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Department of Regenerative Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558 Japan
| | - Eiji Nakata
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Department Orthopedic Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, 700-8558 Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Department Orthopedic Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, 700-8558 Japan
| | - Takeshi Takarada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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Min S, Whited JL. Limb blastema formation: How much do we know at a genetic and epigenetic level? J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102858. [PMID: 36596359 PMCID: PMC9898764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of missing body parts is an incredible ability which is present in a wide number of species. However, this regenerative capability varies among different organisms. Urodeles (salamanders) are able to completely regenerate limbs after amputation through the essential process of blastema formation. The blastema is a collection of relatively undifferentiated progenitor cells that proliferate and repattern to form the internal tissues of a regenerated limb. Understanding blastema formation in salamanders may enable comparative studies with other animals, including mammals, with more limited regenerative abilities and may inspire future therapeutic approaches in humans. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge about how limb blastemas form in salamanders, highlighting both the possible roles of epigenetic controls in this process as well as limitations to scientific understanding that present opportunities for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwon Min
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica L Whited
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
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18
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Smith CA, Humphreys PA, Naven MA, Woods S, Mancini FE, O’Flaherty J, Meng QJ, Kimber SJ. Directed differentiation of hPSCs through a simplified lateral plate mesoderm protocol for generation of articular cartilage progenitors. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280024. [PMID: 36706111 PMCID: PMC9882893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmentally, the articular joints are derived from lateral plate (LP) mesoderm. However, no study has produced both LP derived prechondrocytes and preosteoblasts from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) through a common progenitor in a chemically defined manner. Differentiation of hPSCs through the authentic route, via an LP-osteochondral progenitor (OCP), may aid understanding of human cartilage development and the generation of effective cell therapies for osteoarthritis. We refined our existing chondrogenic protocol, incorporating knowledge from development and other studies to produce a LP-OCP from which prechondrocyte- and preosteoblast-like cells can be generated. Results show the formation of an OCP, which can be further driven to prechondrocytes and preosteoblasts. Prechondrocytes cultured in pellets produced cartilage like matrix with lacunae and superficial flattened cells expressing lubricin. Additionally, preosteoblasts were able to generate a mineralised structure. This protocol can therefore be used to investigate further cartilage development and in the development of joint cartilage for potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Smith
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Humphreys
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Naven
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Woods
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrizio E. Mancini
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Julieta O’Flaherty
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Qing-Jun Meng
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susan J. Kimber
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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19
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3D osteogenic differentiation of human iPSCs reveals the role of TGFβ signal in the transition from progenitors to osteoblasts and osteoblasts to osteocytes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1094. [PMID: 36658197 PMCID: PMC9852429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27556-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the formation of bone-like nodules is regarded as the differentiation process from stem cells to osteogenic cells, including osteoblasts and osteocytes, the precise biological events during nodule formation are unknown. Here we performed the osteogenic induction of human induced pluripotent stem cells using a three-dimensional (3D) culture system using type I collagen gel and a rapid induction method with retinoic acid. Confocal and time-lapse imaging revealed the osteogenic differentiation was initiated with vigorous focal proliferation followed by aggregation, from which cells invaded the gel. Invading cells changed their morphology and expressed osteocyte marker genes, suggesting the transition from osteoblasts to osteocytes. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that 3D culture-induced cells with features of periosteal skeletal stem cells, some of which expressed TGFβ-regulated osteoblast-related molecules. The role of TGFβ signal was further analyzed in the transition from osteoblasts to osteocytes, which revealed that modulation of the TGFβ signal changed the morphology and motility of cells isolated from the 3D culture, suggesting that the TGFβ signal maintains the osteoblastic phenotype and the transition into osteocytes requires down-regulation of the TGFβ signal.
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20
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Rapid induction and long-term self-renewal of neural crest-derived ectodermal chondrogenic cells from hPSCs. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:69. [PMID: 36477591 PMCID: PMC9729200 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is highly specific and has limited capacity for regeneration if damaged. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the potential to generate any cell type in the body. Here, we report the dual-phase induction of ectodermal chondrogenic cells (ECCs) from hPSCs through the neural crest (NC). ECCs were able to self-renew long-term (over numerous passages) in a cocktail of growth factors and small molecules. The cells stably expressed cranial neural crest-derived mandibular condylar cartilage markers, such as MSX1, FOXC1 and FOXC2. Compared with chondroprogenitors from iPSCs via the paraxial mesoderm, ECCs had single-cell transcriptome profiles similar to condylar chondrocytes. After the removal of the cocktail sustaining self-renewal, the cells stopped proliferating and differentiated into a homogenous chondrocyte population. Remarkably, after transplantation, this cell lineage was able to form cartilage-like structures resembling mandibular condylar cartilage in vivo. This finding provides a framework to generate self-renewing cranial chondrogenic progenitors, which could be useful for developing cell-based therapy for cranial cartilage injury.
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21
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Hiwatashi S, Iwai R, Nakayama Y, Moriwaki T, Okuyama H. Successful tracheal regeneration using biofabricated autologous analogues without artificial supports. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20279. [PMID: 36434016 PMCID: PMC9700768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracheas have a tubular structure consisting of cartilage rings continuously joined by a connective tissue membrane comprising a capillary network for tissue survival. Several tissue engineering efforts have been devoted to the design of scaffolds to produce complex structures. In this study, we successfully fabricated an artificial materials-free autologous tracheal analogue with engraftment ability by combining in vitro cell self-aggregation technique and in-body tissue architecture. The cartilage rings prepared by aggregating chondrocytes on designated culture grooves that induce cell self-aggregation were alternately connected to the connective tissues to form tubular tracheal analogues by subcutaneous embedding as in-body tissue architecture. The tracheal analogues allogeneically implanted into the rat trachea matured into native-like tracheal tissue by covering of luminal surfaces by the ciliated epithelium with mucus-producing goblet cells within eight months after implantation, while maintaining their structural integrity. Such autologous tracheal analogues would provide a foundation for further clinical research on the application of tissue-engineered tracheas to ensure their long-term functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Hiwatashi
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Iwai
- grid.444568.f0000 0001 0672 2184Institute of Frontier Science and Technology, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, 700-0005 Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Moriwaki
- grid.257016.70000 0001 0673 6172Faculty of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, Aomori, 036-8561 Japan
| | - Hiroomi Okuyama
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
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22
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A protocol to induce expandable limb-bud mesenchymal cells from human pluripotent stem cells. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101786. [PMID: 36317170 PMCID: PMC9617203 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a protocol for the selective differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells mimicking human developmental processes into expandable PRRX1+ limb-bud mesenchymal (ExpLBM) cells. This approach enables expansion through serial passage while maintaining capacity for chondrogenic differentiation. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Yamada et al. (2021, 2022).
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23
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Zhang X, Jiang W, Xie C, Wu X, Ren Q, Wang F, Shen X, Hong Y, Wu H, Liao Y, Zhang Y, Liang R, Sun W, Gu Y, Zhang T, Chen Y, Wei W, Zhang S, Zou W, Ouyang H. Msx1 + stem cells recruited by bioactive tissue engineering graft for bone regeneration. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5211. [PMID: 36064711 PMCID: PMC9445030 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32868-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical-sized bone defects often lead to non-union and full-thickness defects of the calvarium specifically still present reconstructive challenges. In this study, we show that neurotrophic supplements induce robust in vitro expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells, and in situ transplantation of neurotrophic supplements-incorporated 3D-printed hydrogel grafts promote full-thickness regeneration of critical-sized bone defects. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis reveals that a unique atlas of in situ stem/progenitor cells is generated during the calvarial bone healing in vivo. Notably, we find a local expansion of resident Msx1+ skeletal stem cells after transplantation of the in situ cell culture system. Moreover, the enhanced calvarial bone regeneration is accompanied by an increased endochondral ossification that closely correlates to the Msx1+ skeletal stem cells. Our findings illustrate the time-saving and regenerative efficacy of in situ cell culture systems targeting major cell subpopulations in vivo for rapid bone tissue regeneration. Critical-sized bone defects still present clinical challenges. Here the authors show that transplantation of neurotrophic supplement-incorporated hydrogel grafts promote full-thickness regeneration of the calvarium and perform scRNA-seq to reveal contributing stem/progenitor cells, notably a resident Msx1+ skeletal stem cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhu Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Xie
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xilin Shen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Hong
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youguo Liao
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renjie Liang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Gu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yishan Chen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China.
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24
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Humphreys PA, Mancini FE, Ferreira MJS, Woods S, Ogene L, Kimber SJ. Developmental principles informing human pluripotent stem cell differentiation to cartilage and bone. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 127:17-36. [PMID: 34949507 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into any cell type given appropriate signals and hence have been used to research early human development of many tissues and diseases. Here, we review the major biological factors that regulate cartilage and bone development through the three main routes of neural crest, lateral plate mesoderm and paraxial mesoderm. We examine how these routes have been used in differentiation protocols that replicate skeletal development using human pluripotent stem cells and how these methods have been refined and improved over time. Finally, we discuss how pluripotent stem cells can be employed to understand human skeletal genetic diseases with a developmental origin and phenotype, and how developmental protocols have been applied to gain a better understanding of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Humphreys
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering & Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Fabrizio E Mancini
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Miguel J S Ferreira
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK; Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering & Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Steven Woods
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Leona Ogene
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, UK
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25
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Smith CA, Humphreys PA, Bates N, Naven MA, Cain SA, Dvir‐Ginzberg M, Kimber SJ. SIRT1 activity orchestrates ECM expression during hESC-chondrogenic differentiation. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22314. [PMID: 35416346 PMCID: PMC9322318 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200169r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modification is a key driver of differentiation, and the deacetylase Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) is an established regulator of cell function, ageing, and articular cartilage homeostasis. Here we investigate the role of SIRT1 during development of chondrocytes by using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). HESC-chondroprogenitors were treated with SIRT1 activator; SRT1720, or inhibitor; EX527, during differentiation. Activation of SIRT1 early in 3D-pellet culture led to significant increases in the expression of ECM genes for type-II collagen (COL2A1) and aggrecan (ACAN), and chondrogenic transcription factors SOX5 and ARID5B, with SOX5 ChIP analysis demonstrating enrichment on the chondrocyte specific -10 (A1) enhancer of ACAN. Unexpectedly, when SIRT1 was activated, while ACAN was enhanced, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were reduced, paralleled by down regulation of gene expression for N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase type 1 (GALNT1) responsible for GAG chain initiation/elongation. A positive correlation between ARID5B and COL2A1 was observed, and co-IP assays indicated association of ARID5B with SIRT1, further suggesting that COL2A1 expression is promoted by an ARID5B-SIRT1 interaction. In conclusion, SIRT1 activation positively impacts on the expression of the main ECM proteins, while altering ECM composition and suppressing GAG content during human cartilage development. These results suggest that SIRT1 activity has a differential effect on GAGs and proteins in developing hESC-chondrocytes and could only be beneficial to cartilage development and matrix protein synthesis if balanced by addition of positive GAG mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Smith
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Paul A. Humphreys
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Nicola Bates
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Mark A. Naven
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Stuart A. Cain
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Mona Dvir‐Ginzberg
- Laboratory of Cartilage BiologyFaculty of Dental MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Susan J. Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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26
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García-García RD, Garay-Pacheco E, Marín-Llera JC, Chimal-Monroy J. Recombinant Limb Assay as in Vivo Organoid Model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:863140. [PMID: 35557939 PMCID: PMC9086426 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.863140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ formation initiates once cells become committed to one of the three embryonic germ layers. In the early stages of embryogenesis, different gene transcription networks regulate cell fate after each germ layer is established, thereby directing the formation of complex tissues and functional organs. These events can be modeled in vitro by creating organoids from induced pluripotent, embryonic, or adult stem cells to study organ formation. Under these conditions, the induced cells are guided down the developmental pathways as in embryonic development, resulting in an organ of a smaller size that possesses the essential functions of the organ of interest. Although organoids are widely studied, the formation of skeletal elements in an organoid model has not yet been possible. Therefore, we suggest that the formation of skeletal elements using the recombinant limb (RL) assay system can serve as an in vivo organoid model. RLs are formed from undissociated or dissociated-reaggregated undifferentiated mesodermal cells introduced into an ectodermal cover obtained from an early limb bud. Next, this filled ectoderm is grafted into the back of a donor chick embryo. Under these conditions, the cells can receive the nascent embryonic signals and develop complex skeletal elements. We propose that the formation of skeletal elements induced through the RL system may occur from stem cells or other types of progenitors, thus enabling the study of morphogenetic properties in vivo from these cells for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jesús Chimal-Monroy
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
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27
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Yamada D, Takao T, Nakamura M, Kitano T, Nakata E, Takarada T. Identification of Surface Antigens That Define Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived PRRX1+Limb-Bud-like Mesenchymal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052661. [PMID: 35269809 PMCID: PMC8910499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapies and experimental methods rely on efficient induction of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). During limb development, the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) produces limb-bud mesenchymal (LBM) cells that differentiate into osteochondroprogenitor cells and form cartilage tissues in the appendicular skeleton. Previously, we generated PRRX1-tdTomato reporter hPSCs to establish the protocol for inducing the hPSC-derived PRRX1+ LBM-like cells. However, surface antigens that assess the induction efficiency of hPSC-derived PRRX1+ LBM-like cells from LPM have not been identified. Here, we used PRRX1-tdTomato reporter hPSCs and found that high pluripotent cell density suppressed the expression of PRRX1 mRNA and tdTomato after LBM-like induction. RNA sequencing and flow cytometry suggested that PRRX1-tdTomato+ LBM-like cells are defined as CD44high CD140Bhigh CD49f−. Importantly, other hPSC lines, including four human induced pluripotent stem cell lines (414C2, 1383D2, HPS1042, HPS1043) and two human embryonic stem cell lines (SEES4, SEES7), showed the same results. Thus, an appropriate cell density of hPSCs before differentiation is a prerequisite for inducing the CD44high CD140Bhigh CD49f− PRRX1+ LBM-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (D.Y.); (T.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Tomoka Takao
- Department of Regenerative Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (D.Y.); (T.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Masahiro Nakamura
- Precision Health, Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan;
| | - Toki Kitano
- Department of Regenerative Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (D.Y.); (T.T.); (T.K.)
| | - Eiji Nakata
- Department Orthopedic Surgery, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Takeshi Takarada
- Department of Regenerative Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (D.Y.); (T.T.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence:
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