1
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Rodeo SA. Nothing Heals Without Cells. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:1669-1670. [PMID: 38822653 DOI: 10.1177/03635465241253491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
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2
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Mimpen JY, Ramos-Mucci L, Paul C, Kurjan A, Hulley PA, Ikwuanusi CT, Cohen CJ, Gwilym SE, Baldwin MJ, Cribbs AP, Snelling SJB. Single nucleus and spatial transcriptomic profiling of healthy human hamstring tendon. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23629. [PMID: 38742770 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300601rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The molecular and cellular basis of health in human tendons remains poorly understood. Among human tendons, hamstring tendon has markedly low pathology and can provide a prototypic healthy tendon reference. The aim of this study was to determine the transcriptomes and location of all cell types in healthy hamstring tendon. Using single nucleus RNA sequencing, we profiled the transcriptomes of 10 533 nuclei from four healthy donors and identified 12 distinct cell types. We confirmed the presence of two fibroblast cell types, endothelial cells, mural cells, and immune cells, and identified cell types previously unreported in tendons, including different skeletal muscle cell types, satellite cells, adipocytes, and undefined nervous system cells. The location of these cell types within tendon was defined using spatial transcriptomics and imaging, and potential transcriptional networks and cell-cell interactions were analyzed. We demonstrate that fibroblasts have the highest number of potential cell-cell interactions in our dataset, are present throughout the tendon, and play an important role in the production and organization of extracellular matrix, thus confirming their role as key regulators of hamstring tendon homeostasis. Overall, our findings underscore the complexity of the cellular networks that underpin healthy human tendon function and the central role of fibroblasts as key regulators of hamstring tendon tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolet Y Mimpen
- The Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lorenzo Ramos-Mucci
- The Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claudia Paul
- The Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alina Kurjan
- The Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philippa A Hulley
- The Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Carla J Cohen
- Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Stephen E Gwilym
- The Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mathew J Baldwin
- The Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam P Cribbs
- The Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah J B Snelling
- The Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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3
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Lin P, Gan YB, He J, Lin SE, Xu JK, Chang L, Zhao LM, Zhu J, Zhang L, Huang S, Hu O, Wang YB, Jin HJ, Li YY, Yan PL, Chen L, Jiang JX, Liu P. Advancing skeletal health and disease research with single-cell RNA sequencing. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:33. [PMID: 38816888 PMCID: PMC11138034 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Orthopedic conditions have emerged as global health concerns, impacting approximately 1.7 billion individuals worldwide. However, the limited understanding of the underlying pathological processes at the cellular and molecular level has hindered the development of comprehensive treatment options for these disorders. The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has revolutionized biomedical research by enabling detailed examination of cellular and molecular diversity. Nevertheless, investigating mechanisms at the single-cell level in highly mineralized skeletal tissue poses technical challenges. In this comprehensive review, we present a streamlined approach to obtaining high-quality single cells from skeletal tissue and provide an overview of existing scRNA-seq technologies employed in skeletal studies along with practical bioinformatic analysis pipelines. By utilizing these methodologies, crucial insights into the developmental dynamics, maintenance of homeostasis, and pathological processes involved in spine, joint, bone, muscle, and tendon disorders have been uncovered. Specifically focusing on the joint diseases of degenerative disc disease, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis using scRNA-seq has provided novel insights and a more nuanced comprehension. These findings have paved the way for discovering novel therapeutic targets that offer potential benefits to patients suffering from diverse skeletal disorders.
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Grants
- 2022YFA1103202 National Key Research and Development Program of China
- 82272507 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 32270887 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 32200654 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- CSTB2023NSCQ-ZDJO008 Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing
- BX20220397 Postdoctoral Innovative Talent Support Program
- SFLKF202201 Independent Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning
- 2021-XZYG-B10 General Hospital of Western Theater Command Research Project
- 14113723 University Grants Committee, Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, China
- N_CUHK472/22 University Grants Committee, Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, China
- C7030-18G University Grants Committee, Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, China
- T13-402/17-N University Grants Committee, Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, China
- AoE/M-402/20 University Grants Committee, Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lin
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yi-Bo Gan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jian He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Si-En Lin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Jian-Kun Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Liang Chang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhao
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ou Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ying-Bo Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Huai-Jian Jin
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yang-Yang Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Pu-Lin Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Laboratory for the Prevention and Rehabilitation of Military Training Related Injuries, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jian-Xin Jiang
- Wound Trauma Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Center of Orthopedics, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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DiIorio SE, Young B, Parker JB, Griffin MF, Longaker MT. Understanding Tendon Fibroblast Biology and Heterogeneity. Biomedicines 2024; 12:859. [PMID: 38672213 PMCID: PMC11048404 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tendon regeneration has emerged as an area of interest due to the challenging healing process of avascular tendon tissue. During tendon healing after injury, the formation of a fibrous scar can limit tendon strength and lead to subsequent complications. The specific biological mechanisms that cause fibrosis across different cellular subtypes within the tendon and across different tendons in the body continue to remain unknown. Herein, we review the current understanding of tendon healing, fibrosis mechanisms, and future directions for treatments. We summarize recent research on the role of fibroblasts throughout tendon healing and describe the functional and cellular heterogeneity of fibroblasts and tendons. The review notes gaps in tendon fibrosis research, with a focus on characterizing distinct fibroblast subpopulations in the tendon. We highlight new techniques in the field that can be used to enhance our understanding of complex tendon pathologies such as fibrosis. Finally, we explore bioengineering tools for tendon regeneration and discuss future areas for innovation. Exploring the heterogeneity of tendon fibroblasts on the cellular level can inform therapeutic strategies for addressing tendon fibrosis and ultimately reduce its clinical burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. DiIorio
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (S.E.D.); (B.Y.); (J.B.P.); (M.F.G.)
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bill Young
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (S.E.D.); (B.Y.); (J.B.P.); (M.F.G.)
| | - Jennifer B. Parker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (S.E.D.); (B.Y.); (J.B.P.); (M.F.G.)
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michelle F. Griffin
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (S.E.D.); (B.Y.); (J.B.P.); (M.F.G.)
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (S.E.D.); (B.Y.); (J.B.P.); (M.F.G.)
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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5
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Jarosz A, Balcerzyk-Matić A, Iwanicka J, Iwanicki T, Nowak T, Szyluk K, Kalita M, Górczyńska-Kosiorz S, Kania W, Niemiec P. Association between Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha Gene Polymorphisms and Platelet-Rich Plasma's Efficiency in Treating Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy-A Prospective Cohort Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4266. [PMID: 38673853 PMCID: PMC11050239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Individual differences in the response to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy can be observed among patients. The genetic background may be the cause of this variability. The current study focused on the impact of genetic variants on the effectiveness of PRP. The aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) gene on the effectiveness of treating lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET) with PRP. The treatment's efficacy was analyzed over time (2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 52 and 104 weeks after the PRP injection) on 107 patients using patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) and achievement of a minimal clinically important difference (MCID). Four SNPs of the PDGFRA gene (rs7668190, rs6554164, rs869978 and rs1316926) were genotyped using the TaqMan assay method. Patients with the AA genotypes of the rs7668190 and the rs1316926 polymorphisms, as well as carriers of the T allele of rs6554164 showed greater effectiveness of PRP therapy than carriers of other genotypes. Moreover, the studied SNPs influenced the platelets' parameters both in whole blood and in PRP. These results showed that PDGFRA gene polymorphisms affect the effectiveness of PRP treatment. Genotyping the rs6554164 and the rs1316926 SNPs may be considered for use in individualized patient selection for PRP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Jarosz
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 18 Str., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (A.J.); (A.B.-M.); (J.I.); (T.I.); (T.N.)
| | - Anna Balcerzyk-Matić
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 18 Str., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (A.J.); (A.B.-M.); (J.I.); (T.I.); (T.N.)
| | - Joanna Iwanicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 18 Str., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (A.J.); (A.B.-M.); (J.I.); (T.I.); (T.N.)
| | - Tomasz Iwanicki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 18 Str., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (A.J.); (A.B.-M.); (J.I.); (T.I.); (T.N.)
| | - Tomasz Nowak
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 18 Str., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (A.J.); (A.B.-M.); (J.I.); (T.I.); (T.N.)
| | - Karol Szyluk
- District Hospital of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Bytomska 62 Str., 41-940 Piekary Sląskie, Poland; (K.S.); (M.K.)
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 12 Str., 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Kalita
- District Hospital of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Bytomska 62 Str., 41-940 Piekary Sląskie, Poland; (K.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Sylwia Górczyńska-Kosiorz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Kania
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Multidisciplinary Hospital in Jaworzno, Chełmońskiego 28 Str., 43-600 Jaworzno, Poland;
| | - Paweł Niemiec
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medykow 18 Str., 40-752 Katowice, Poland; (A.J.); (A.B.-M.); (J.I.); (T.I.); (T.N.)
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6
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Lu P, Dai G, Shi L, Li Y, Zhang M, Wang H, Rui Y. HMGB1 Modulates High Glucose-Induced Erroneous Differentiation of Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cells through RAGE/ β-Catenin Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2024; 2024:2335270. [PMID: 38633380 PMCID: PMC11022503 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2335270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The association of tendinopathy with diabetes has been well recognized. Tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) play critical roles in tendon repair, regeneration, and homeostasis maintenance. Diabetic TSPCs exhibit enhanced erroneous differentiation and are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic tendinopathy, whereas the underlying mechanism of the erroneous differentiation of TSPCs remains unclear. Here, we showed that high glucose treatment promoted the erroneous differentiation of TSPCs with increased osteogenic differentiation capacity and decreased tenogenic differentiation ability, and stimulated the expression and further secretion of HMGB1 in TSPCs and. Functionally, exogenous HMGB1 significantly enhanced the erroneous differentiation of TSPCs, while HMGB1 knockdown mitigated high glucose-promoted erroneous differentiation of TSPCs. Mechanistically, the RAGE/β-catenin signaling was activated in TSPCs under high glucose, and HMGB1 knockdown inhibited the activity of RAGE/β-catenin signaling. Inhibition of RAGE/β-catenin signaling could ameliorate high glucose-induced erroneous differentiation of TSPCs. These results indicated that HMGB1 regulated high glucose-induced erroneous differentiation of TSPCs through the RAGE/β-catenin signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings suggest a novel essential mechanism of the erroneous differentiation of TSPCs, which might contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic tendinopathy and provide a promising therapeutic target and approach for diabetic tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangchun Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liu Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingjuan Li
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunfeng Rui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, No 87 Ding Jia Qiao, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
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Yin Y, He GJ, Hu S, Tse EHY, Cheung TH. Muscle stem cell niche dynamics during muscle homeostasis and regeneration. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 158:151-177. [PMID: 38670704 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The process of skeletal muscle regeneration involves a coordinated interplay of specific cellular and molecular interactions within the injury site. This review provides an overview of the cellular and molecular components in regenerating skeletal muscle, focusing on how these cells or molecules in the niche regulate muscle stem cell functions. Dysfunctions of muscle stem cell-to-niche cell communications during aging and disease will also be discussed. A better understanding of how niche cells coordinate with muscle stem cells for muscle repair will greatly aid the development of therapeutic strategies for treating muscle-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishu Yin
- Division of Life Science, Center for Stem Cell Research, HKUST-Nan Fung Life Sciences Joint Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Gary J He
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Shenyuan Hu
- Division of Life Science, Center for Stem Cell Research, HKUST-Nan Fung Life Sciences Joint Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Erin H Y Tse
- Division of Life Science, Center for Stem Cell Research, HKUST-Nan Fung Life Sciences Joint Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Tom H Cheung
- Division of Life Science, Center for Stem Cell Research, HKUST-Nan Fung Life Sciences Joint Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P.R. China.
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8
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Zamboulis DE, Marr N, Lenzi L, Birch HL, Screen HRC, Clegg PD, Thorpe CT. The Interfascicular Matrix of Energy Storing Tendons Houses Heterogenous Cell Populations Disproportionately Affected by Aging. Aging Dis 2024; 15:295-310. [PMID: 37307816 PMCID: PMC10796100 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy storing tendons such as the human Achilles and equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) are prone to injury, with incidence increasing with aging, peaking in the 5th decade of life in the human Achilles tendon. The interfascicular matrix (IFM), which binds tendon fascicles, plays a key role in energy storing tendon mechanics, and aging alterations to the IFM negatively impact tendon function. While the mechanical role of the IFM in tendon function is well-established, the biological role of IFM-resident cell populations remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify IFM-resident cell populations and establish how these populations are affected by aging. Cells from young and old SDFTs were subjected to single cell RNA-sequencing, and immunolabelling for markers of each resulting population used to localise cell clusters. Eleven cell clusters were identified, including tenocytes, endothelial cells, mural cells, and immune cells. One tenocyte cluster localised to the fascicular matrix, whereas nine clusters localised to the IFM. Interfascicular tenocytes and mural cells were preferentially affected by aging, with differential expression of genes related to senescence, dysregulated proteostasis and inflammation. This is the first study to establish heterogeneity in IFM cell populations, and to identify age-related alterations specific to IFM-localised cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae E. Zamboulis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Neil Marr
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Luca Lenzi
- Centre for Genomic Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Helen L. Birch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK.
| | - Hazel R. C. Screen
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Peter D. Clegg
- Department of Musculoskeletal and AgingScience, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Chavaunne T. Thorpe
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
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9
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Jin H, Kang Y, Gao H, Lin Z, Huang D, Zheng Z, Zhao J, Wang L, Jiang J. Decellularization-Based Modification Strategy for Bioactive Xenografts Promoting Tendon Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302660. [PMID: 37864473 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Xenografts have emerged as a promising option for severe tendon defects treatment. However, despite undergoing decellularization, concerns still remain regarding the immunogenicity of xenografts. Because certain components within the extracellular matrix also possess immunogenicity. In this study, a novel strategy of post-decellularization modification aimed at preserving the endogenous capacity of cells on collagen synthesis to mask antigenic epitopes in extracellular matrix is proposed. To implement this strategy, a human-derived rosiglitazone-loaded decellularized extracellular matrix (R-dECM) is developed. R-dECM can release rosiglitazone for over 7 days in vitro. By suppressing M1 macrophage polarization, R-dECM protects the migration and collagen synthesis abilities of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs), while also stabilizing the phenotype of M2 macrophages in vitro. RNA sequencing reveals R-dECM can mitigate the detrimental crosstalk between TDSCs and inflammatory cells. When applied to a rat patellar tendon defect model, R-dECM effectively inhibits early inflammation, preventing chronic inflammation. Its duration of function far exceeds the release time of rosiglitazone, implying the establishment of immune evasion, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. And R-dECM demonstrates superior tendon repair outcomes compared to dECM. Thus, this study provides a novel bioactive scaffold with the potential to enhance the long-term clinical outcomes of xenogeneic tendon grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Haihan Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqi Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Dongcheng Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Jinzhong Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Liren Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Jia Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
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10
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Srinivasan D, Arostegui M, Goebel EJ, Hart KN, Aykul S, Lees-Shepard JB, Idone V, Hatsell SJ, Economides AN. How Activin A Became a Therapeutic Target in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva. Biomolecules 2024; 14:101. [PMID: 38254701 PMCID: PMC10813747 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by episodic yet cumulative heterotopic ossification (HO) of skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, and fascia. FOP arises from missense mutations in Activin Receptor type I (ACVR1), a type I bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor. Although initial findings implicated constitutive activity of FOP-variant ACVR1 (ACVR1FOP) and/or hyperactivation by BMPs, it was later shown that HO in FOP requires activation of ACVR1FOP by Activin A. Inhibition of Activin A completely prevents HO in FOP mice, indicating that Activin A is an obligate driver of HO in FOP, and excluding a key role for BMPs in this process. This discovery led to the clinical development of garetosmab, an investigational antibody that blocks Activin A. In a phase 2 trial, garetosmab inhibited new heterotopic bone lesion formation in FOP patients. In contrast, antibodies to ACVR1 activate ACVR1FOP and promote HO in FOP mice. Beyond their potential clinical relevance, these findings have enhanced our understanding of FOP's pathophysiology, leading to the identification of fibroadipogenic progenitors as the cells that form HO, and the discovery of non-signaling complexes between Activin A and wild type ACVR1 and their role in tempering HO, and are also starting to inform biological processes beyond FOP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aris N. Economides
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA; (D.S.); (M.A.); (E.J.G.); (K.N.H.); (S.A.); (J.B.L.-S.); (V.I.); (S.J.H.)
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11
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Garcia SM, Lau J, Diaz A, Chi H, Lizarraga M, Wague A, Montenegro C, Davies MR, Liu X, Feeley BT. Distinct human stem cell subpopulations drive adipogenesis and fibrosis in musculoskeletal injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.28.551038. [PMID: 38260367 PMCID: PMC10802239 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.28.551038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Fibroadipogenic progenitors (FAPs) maintain healthy skeletal muscle in homeostasis but drive muscle degeneration in chronic injuries by promoting adipogenesis and fibrosis. To uncover how these stem cells switch from a pro-regenerative to pro-degenerative role we perform single-cell mRNA sequencing of human FAPs from healthy and injured human muscles across a spectrum of injury, focusing on rotator cuff tears. We identify multiple subpopulations with progenitor, adipogenic, or fibrogenic gene signatures. We utilize full spectrum flow cytometry to identify distinct FAP subpopulations based on highly multiplexed protein expression. Injury severity increases adipogenic commitment of FAP subpopulations and is driven by the downregulation of DLK1. Treatment of FAPs both in vitro and in vivo with DLK1 reduces adipogenesis and fatty infiltration, suggesting that during injury, reduced DLK1 within a subpopulation of FAPs may drive degeneration. This work highlights how stem cells perform varied functions depending on tissue context, by dynamically regulating subpopulation fate commitment, which can be targeted improve patient outcomes after injury.
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12
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Yi M, Yuan Y, Ma L, Li L, Qin W, Wu B, Zheng B, Liao X, Hu G, Liu B. Inhibition of TGFβ1 activation prevents radiation-induced lung fibrosis. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1546. [PMID: 38239077 PMCID: PMC10797247 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is the main treatment modality for thoracic tumours, but it may induce pulmonary fibrosis. Currently, the pathogenesis of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) is unclear, and effective treatments are lacking. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) plays a central role in RIPF. We found that activated TGFβ1 had better performance for radiation pneumonitis (RP) risk prediction by detecting activated and total TGFβ1 levels in patient serum. αv integrin plays key roles in TGFβ1 activation, but the role of αv integrin-mediated TGFβ1 activation in RIPF is unclear. Here, we investigated the role of αv integrin-mediated TGFβ1 activation in RIPF and the application of the integrin antagonist cilengitide to prevent RIPF. METHODS ItgavloxP/loxP ;Pdgfrb-Cre mice were generated by conditionally knocking out Itgav in myofibroblasts, and wild-type mice were treated with cilengitide or placebo. All mice received 16 Gy of radiation or underwent a sham radiation procedure. Lung fibrosis was measured by a modified Ashcroft score and microcomputed tomography (CT). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum TGFβ1 concentration, and total Smad2/3 and p-Smad2/3 levels were determined via Western blotting. RESULTS Conditional Itgav knockout significantly attenuated RIPF (p < .01). Hounsfield units (HUs) in the lungs were reduced in the knockout mice compared with the control mice (p < .001). Conditional Itgav knockout decreased active TGFβ1 secretion and inhibited fibroblast p-Smad2/3 expression. Exogenous active TGFβ1, but not latent TGFβ1, reversed these reductions. Furthermore, cilengitide treatment elicited similar results and prevented RIPF. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed that conditional Itgav knockout and cilengitide treatment both significantly attenuated RIPF in mice by inhibiting αv integrin-mediated TGFβ1 activation. HIGHLIGHTS Activated TGFβ1 has a superior capacity in predicting radiation pneumonitis (RP) risk and plays a vital role in the development of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF). Conditional knock out Itgav in myofibroblasts prevented mice from developing RIPF. Cilengitide alleviated the development of RIPF by inhibiting αv integrin-mediated TGFβ1 activation and may be used in targeted approaches for preventing RIPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxiao Yi
- Department of OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ye Yuan
- School of Computer Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Li Ma
- Department of OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Long Li
- Department of OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Wan Qin
- Department of OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Bili Wu
- Department of OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Bolong Zheng
- School of Computer Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xin Liao
- Department of Integrative MedicineTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Guangyuan Hu
- Department of OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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13
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Cherief M, Xu J, Li Z, Tower RJ, Ramesh S, Qin Q, Gomez-Salazar M, Yea JH, Lee S, Negri S, Xu M, Price T, Kendal AR, Fan CM, Clemens TL, Levi B, James AW. TrkA-mediated sensory innervation of injured mouse tendon supports tendon sheath progenitor cell expansion and tendon repair. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eade4619. [PMID: 38117901 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade4619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral neurons terminate at the surface of tendons partly to relay nociceptive pain signals; however, the role of peripheral nerves in tendon injury and repair remains unclear. Here, we show that after Achilles tendon injury in mice, there is new nerve growth near tendon cells that express nerve growth factor (NGF). Conditional deletion of the Ngf gene in either myeloid or mesenchymal mouse cells limited both innervation and tendon repair. Similarly, inhibition of the NGF receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) abrogated tendon healing in mouse tendon injury. Sural nerve transection blocked the postinjury increase in tendon sensory innervation and the expansion of tendon sheath progenitor cells (TSPCs) expressing tubulin polymerization promoting protein family member 3. Single cell and spatial transcriptomics revealed that disruption of sensory innervation resulted in dysregulated inflammatory signaling and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling in injured mouse tendon. Culture of mouse TSPCs with conditioned medium from dorsal root ganglia neuron further supported a role for neuronal mediators and TGFβ signaling in TSPC proliferation. Transcriptomic and histologic analyses of injured human tendon biopsy samples supported a role for innervation and TGFβ signaling in human tendon regeneration. Last, treating mice after tendon injury systemically with a small-molecule partial agonist of TrkA increased neurovascular response, TGFβ signaling, TSPC expansion, and tendon tissue repair. Although further studies should investigate the potential effects of denervation on mechanical loading of tendon, our results suggest that peripheral innervation is critical for the regenerative response after acute tendon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masnsen Cherief
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Robert J Tower
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sowmya Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Qizhi Qin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Ji-Hye Yea
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Seungyong Lee
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stefano Negri
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Verona, Verona 37129, Italy
| | - Mingxin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Theodore Price
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75080, USA
| | - Adrian R Kendal
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Chen-Ming Fan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21208, USA
| | - Thomas L Clemens
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Aaron W James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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14
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Bai Y, Harvey T, Hu M, Bilyou C, Fan CM. Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells Co-Opt the Tenogenic Gene Scleraxis to Instruct Regeneration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.10.570982. [PMID: 38168349 PMCID: PMC10760055 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.10.570982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles connect bones and tendons for locomotion and posture. Understanding the regenerative processes of muscle, bone and tendon is of importance to basic research and clinical applications. Despite their interconnections, distinct transcription factors have been reported to orchestrate each tissue's developmental and regenerative processes. Here we show that Scx expression is not detectable in adult muscle stem cells (also known as satellite cells, SCs) during quiescence. Scx expression begins in activated SCs and continues throughout regenerative myogenesis after injury. By SC-specific Scx gene inactivation (ScxcKO), we show that Scx function is required for SC expansion/renewal and robust new myofiber formation after injury. We combined single-cell RNA-sequencing and CUT&RUN to identify direct Scx target genes during muscle regeneration. These target genes help explain the muscle regeneration defects of ScxcKO, and are not overlapping with Scx -target genes identified in tendon development. Together with a recent finding of a subpopulation of Scx -expressing connective tissue fibroblasts with myogenic potential during early embryogenesis, we propose that regenerative and developmental myogenesis co-opt the Scx gene via different mechanisms.
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15
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Steffen D, Mienaltowski M, Baar K. Spatial gene expression in the adult rat patellar tendon. Matrix Biol Plus 2023; 19-20:100138. [PMID: 38124714 PMCID: PMC10731370 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2023.100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendons are dense connective tissues with relatively few cells which makes studying the molecular profile of the tissue challenging. There is not a consensus on the spatial location of various cell types within a tendon, nor the accompanying transcriptional profile. In the present study, we used two male rat patellar tendon samples for sequencing-based spatial transcriptomics to determine the gene expression profile. We integrated our data with a mouse Achilles single cell dataset to predict the cell type composition of the patellar tendon as a function of location within the tissue. The spatial location of the predicated cell types suggested that there were two populations of tendon fibroblasts, one located in the tendon midsubstance, while the other localized with red blood cells, pericytes, and immune cells to the tendon peripheral connective tissue. Of the highest expressed spatially variable genes, there were multiple genes with known function in tendon: Col1a1, Col1a2, Dcn, Fmod, Sparc, and Comp. Further, a novel spatially regulated gene (AABR07000398.1) with no known function was identified. The spatial gene expression of tendon associated genes (Scx, Thbs4, Tnmd, Can, Bgn, Lum, Adamts2, Lox, Ppib, Col2a1, Col3a1, Col6a2) was also visualized. Both patellar tendon samples had similar expression patterns for all these genes. This dataset provides new spatial insights into gene expression in a healthy tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Steffen
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Michael Mienaltowski
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Keith Baar
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, United States
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16
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Goto A, Komura S, Kato K, Maki R, Hirakawa A, Tomita H, Hirata A, Yamada Y, Akiyama H. C-X-C domain ligand 14-mediated stromal cell-macrophage interaction as a therapeutic target for hand dermal fibrosis. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1173. [PMID: 37980373 PMCID: PMC10657354 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dupuytren's contracture, a superficial dermal fibrosis, causes flexion contracture of the affected finger, impairing hand function. Specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms within genes in the Wnt signalling pathway are associated with the disease. However, the precise role of Wnt signalling dysregulation in the onset and progression of Dupuytren's contracture remains unclear. Here, using a fibrosis mouse model and clinical samples of human Dupuytren's contractures, we demonstrate that the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in Tppp3-positive cells in the dermis of the paw is associated with the development of fibrosis. Fibrosis development and progression via Wnt/β-catenin signalling are closely related to stromal cell-macrophage interactions, and Wnt/β-catenin signalling activation in Tppp3-positive stromal cells causes M2 macrophage infiltration via chemokine Cxcl14, resulting in the formation of a TGF-β-expressing fibrotic niche. Inhibition of Cxcl14 mitigates fibrosis by decreasing macrophage infiltration. These findings suggest that Cxcl14-mediated stromal cell-macrophage interaction is a promising therapeutic target for Wnt/β-catenin-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Goto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Shingo Komura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Koki Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Rie Maki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirakawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akihiro Hirata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamada
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
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17
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Rajan AM, Rosin NL, Labit E, Biernaskie J, Liao S, Huang P. Single-cell analysis reveals distinct fibroblast plasticity during tenocyte regeneration in zebrafish. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi5771. [PMID: 37967180 PMCID: PMC10651129 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite their importance in tissue maintenance and repair, fibroblast diversity and plasticity remain poorly understood. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we uncover distinct sclerotome-derived fibroblast populations in zebrafish, including progenitor-like perivascular/interstitial fibroblasts, and specialized fibroblasts such as tenocytes. To determine fibroblast plasticity in vivo, we develop a laser-induced tendon ablation and regeneration model. Lineage tracing reveals that laser-ablated tenocytes are quickly regenerated by preexisting fibroblasts. By combining single-cell clonal analysis and live imaging, we demonstrate that perivascular/interstitial fibroblasts actively migrate to the injury site, where they proliferate and give rise to new tenocytes. By contrast, perivascular fibroblast-derived pericytes or specialized fibroblasts, including tenocytes, exhibit no regenerative plasticity. Active Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is required for the proliferation of activated fibroblasts to ensure efficient tenocyte regeneration. Together, our work highlights the functional diversity of fibroblasts and establishes perivascular/interstitial fibroblasts as tenocyte progenitors that promote tendon regeneration in a Hh signaling-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsheen M. Rajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Nicole L. Rosin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Elodie Labit
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jeff Biernaskie
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shan Liao
- Inflammation Research Network, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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18
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Ren X, Zhuang H, Zhang Y, Zhou P. Cerium oxide nanoparticles-carrying human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells counteract oxidative damage and facilitate tendon regeneration. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:359. [PMID: 37789395 PMCID: PMC10546722 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendon injuries have a high incidence and limited treatment options. Stem cell transplantation is essential for several medical conditions like tendon injuries. However, high local concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibit the activity of transplanted stem cells and hinder tendon repair. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) have emerged as antioxidant agents with reproducible reducibility. RESULTS In this study, we synthesized polyethylene glycol-packed CeONPs (PEG-CeONPs), which were loaded into the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) to counteract oxidative damage. H2O2 treatment was performed to evaluate the ROS scavenging ability of PEG-CeONPs in hUCMSCs. A rat model of patellar tendon defect was established to assess the effect of PEG-CeONPs-carrying hUCMSCs in vivo. The results showed that PEG-CeONPs exhibited excellent antioxidant activity both inside and outside the hUCMSCs. PEG-CeONPs protect hUCMSCs from senescence and apoptosis under excessive oxidative stress. Transplantation of hUCMSCs loaded with PEG-CeONPs reduced ROS levels in the tendon injury area and facilitated tendon healing. Mechanistically, NFκB activator tumor necrosis factor α and MAPK activator dehydrocrenatine, reversed the therapeutic effect of PEG-CeONPs in hUCMSCs, indicating that PEG-CeONPs act by inhibiting the NFκB and MAPK signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS The carriage of the metal antioxidant oxidase PEG-CeONPs maintained the ability of hUCMSCs in the injured area, reduced the ROS levels in the microenvironment, and facilitated tendon regeneration. The data presented herein provide a novel therapeutic strategy for tendon healing and new insights into the use of stem cells for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunshan Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huangming Zhuang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuelong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Panghu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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19
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Szczesny SE, Corr DT. Tendon cell and tissue culture: Perspectives and recommendations. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2093-2104. [PMID: 36794495 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The wide variety of cell and tissue culture systems used to study and engineer tendons can make it difficult to choose the best approach and "optimal" culture conditions to test a given hypothesis. Therefore, a breakout session was organized at the 2022 ORS Tendon Section Meeting that focused on establishing a set of guidelines for conducting cell and tissue culture studies of tendon. This paper summarizes the outcomes of that discussion and presents recommendations for future studies. In the case of studying tendon cell behavior, cell and tissue culture systems are reductionist models in which the culture conditions should be strictly defined to approximate the in vivo condition as closely as possible. In contrast, for tissue engineering tendon replacements, the culture conditions do not need to replicate native tendon, but the outcome measures for success should be narrowly defined for the specific clinical application. Common recommendations for both applications are that researchers should perform a baseline phenotypic characterization of the cells that are ultimately used for experimentation. For models of tendon cell behavior, culture conditions should be well justified by existing literature and meticulously reported, tissue explant viability should be assessed, and comparisons to in vivo conditions should be made to determine baseline physiological relevance. For tissue engineering applications, the functional/structural/compositional outcome targets should be defined by the specific tendons they seek to replace, with key biologic and material properties prioritized for construct assessment. Lastly, when engineering tendon replacements, researchers should utilize clinically approved cGMP materials to facilitate clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer E Szczesny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David T Corr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
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20
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Kaneda G, Chan JL, Castaneda CM, Papalamprou A, Sheyn J, Shelest O, Huang D, Kluser N, Yu V, Ignacio GC, Gertych A, Yoshida R, Metzger M, Tawackoli W, Vernengo A, Sheyn D. iPSC-derived tenocytes seeded on microgrooved 3D printed scaffolds for Achilles tendon regeneration. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2205-2220. [PMID: 36961351 PMCID: PMC10518032 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Tendons and ligaments have a poor innate healing capacity, yet account for 50% of musculoskeletal injuries in the United States. Full structure and function restoration postinjury remains an unmet clinical need. This study aimed to assess the application of novel three dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) overexpressing the transcription factor Scleraxis (SCX, iMSCSCX+ ) as a new strategy for tendon defect repair. The polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds were fabricated by extrusion through a patterned nozzle or conventional round nozzle. Scaffolds were seeded with iMSCSCX+ and outcomes were assessed in vitro via gene expression analysis and immunofluorescence. In vivo, rat Achilles tendon defects were repaired with iMSCSCX+ -seeded microgrooved scaffolds, microgrooved scaffolds only, or suture only and assessed via gait, gene expression, biomechanical testing, histology, and immunofluorescence. iMSCSCX+ -seeded on microgrooved scaffolds showed upregulation of tendon markers and increased organization and linearity of cells compared to non-patterned scaffolds in vitro. In vivo gait analysis showed improvement in the Scaffold + iMSCSCX+ -treated group compared to the controls. Tensile testing of the tendons demonstrated improved biomechanical properties of the Scaffold + iMSCSCX+ group compared with the controls. Histology and immunofluorescence demonstrated more regular tissue formation in the Scaffold + iMSCSCX+ group. This study demonstrates the potential of 3D-printed scaffolds with cell-instructive surface topography seeded with iMSCSCX+ as an approach to tendon defect repair. Further studies of cell-scaffold constructs can potentially revolutionize tendon reconstruction by advancing the application of 3D printing-based technologies toward patient-specific therapies that improve healing and functional outcomes at both the cellular and tissue level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Kaneda
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Julie L Chan
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Chloe M Castaneda
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Angela Papalamprou
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Julia Sheyn
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Oksana Shelest
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Dave Huang
- Orthopedics Biomechanics Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Victoria Yu
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Gian C Ignacio
- Orthopedics Biomechanics Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Arkadiusz Gertych
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ryu Yoshida
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Melodie Metzger
- Orthopedics Biomechanics Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Wafa Tawackoli
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Dmitriy Sheyn
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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21
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Huang AH, Galloway JL. Current and emerging technologies for defining and validating tendon cell fate. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2082-2092. [PMID: 37211925 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The tendon field has been flourishing in recent years with the advent of new tools and model systems. The recent ORS 2022 Tendon Section Conference brought together researchers from diverse disciplines and backgrounds, showcasing studies in biomechanics and tissue engineering to cell and developmental biology and using models from zebrafish and mouse to humans. This perspective aims to summarize progress in tendon research as it pertains to understanding and studying tendon cell fate. The successful integration of new technologies and approaches have the potential to further propel tendon research into a new renaissance of discovery. However, there are also limitations with the current methodologies that are important to consider when tackling research questions. Altogether, we will highlight recent advances and technologies and propose new avenues to explore tendon biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice H Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jenna L Galloway
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Tsai SL, Villaseñor S, Shah RR, Galloway JL. Endogenous tenocyte activation underlies the regenerative capacity of the adult zebrafish tendon. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:52. [PMID: 37726307 PMCID: PMC10509205 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00328-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendons are essential, frequently injured connective tissues that transmit forces from muscle to bone. Their unique highly ordered, matrix-rich structure is critical for proper function. While adult mammalian tendons heal after acute injuries, endogenous tendon cells, or tenocytes, fail to respond appropriately, resulting in the formation of disorganized fibrovascular scar tissue with impaired function and increased propensity for re-injury. Here, we show that, unlike mammals, adult zebrafish tenocytes activate upon injury and fully regenerate the tendon. Using a full tear injury model in the adult zebrafish craniofacial tendon, we defined the hallmark stages and cellular basis of tendon regeneration through multiphoton imaging, lineage tracing, and transmission electron microscopy approaches. Remarkably, we observe that zebrafish tendons regenerate and restore normal collagen matrix ultrastructure by 6 months post-injury (mpi). Tendon regeneration progresses in three main phases: inflammation within 24 h post-injury (hpi), cellular proliferation and formation of a cellular bridge between the severed tendon ends at 3-5 days post-injury (dpi), and re-differentiation and matrix remodeling beginning from 5 dpi to 6 mpi. Importantly, we demonstrate that pre-existing tenocytes are the main cellular source of regeneration, proliferating and migrating upon injury to ultimately bridge the tendon ends. Finally, we show that TGF-β signaling is required for tenocyte recruitment and bridge formation. Collectively, our work debuts and aptly positions the adult zebrafish tendon as an invaluable comparative system to elucidate regenerative mechanisms that may inspire new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Tsai
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steffany Villaseñor
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rishita R Shah
- Department of Biology, Barnard College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenna L Galloway
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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23
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Data K, Kulus M, Ziemak H, Chwarzyński M, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Bukowska D, Antosik P, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B. Decellularization of Dense Regular Connective Tissue-Cellular and Molecular Modification with Applications in Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2023; 12:2293. [PMID: 37759515 PMCID: PMC10528602 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Healing of dense regular connective tissue, due to a high fiber-to-cell ratio and low metabolic activity and regeneration potential, frequently requires surgical implantation or reconstruction with high risk of reinjury. An alternative to synthetic implants is using bioscaffolds obtained through decellularization, a process where the aim is to extract cells from the tissue while preserving the tissue-specific native molecular structure of the ECM. Proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and other various extracellular molecules are largely involved in differentiation, proliferation, vascularization and collagen fibers deposit, making them the crucial processes in tissue regeneration. Because of the multiple possible forms of cell extraction, there is no standardized protocol in dense regular connective tissue (DRCT). Many modifications of the structure, shape and composition of the bioscaffold have also been described to improve the therapeutic result following the implantation of decellularized connective tissue. The available data provide a valuable source of crucial information. However, the wide spectrum of decellularization makes it important to understand the key aspects of bioscaffolds relative to their potential use in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Data
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kulus
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Hanna Ziemak
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Chwarzyński
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiolgy Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Prestage Department of Poultry Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Physiolgy Graduate Faculty, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic
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24
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Chen J, Jiang C, Yin L, Liu Y, He Y, Li S, Shen H. A Review of the Role of Tendon Stem Cells in Tendon-Bone Regeneration. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e940805. [PMID: 37715366 PMCID: PMC10508086 DOI: 10.12659/msm.940805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon-bone injuries are a prevalent health concern associated with sports and other physically demanding activities. These injuries have a limited innate healing ability, often leading to the formation of scar tissue rather than the regeneration of healthy tendon tissue. This scar tissue results from excessive fibrosis during the early healing process and often leads to reduced tendon function and an increased risk of reinjury. Traditionally, surgical reconstruction has been the primary treatment for tendon-bone injuries. However, restoring the natural structure and mechanical properties of tendons after surgical reconstruction presents a considerable challenge. Recently, the potential of stem cell therapy has been explored as an alternative treatment approach. In particular, a new type of pluripotent stem cell known as tendon stem cells (TDSCs) has been identified within tendon tissue. These cells exhibit the potential for self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation, meaning they can differentiate into fibroblasts and chondrocytes. These differentiated cells can aid in the repair and regeneration of new tissues by producing collagen and other matrix molecules that provide structural support. TDSCs have become a focal point in research for treating tendon-bone injuries and related conditions. The potential use of these cells provides a basis for both basic research and clinical applications, particularly in understanding the tendon-bone healing process and identifying factors that affect the ability of TDSCs to promote this healing. This review article aims to analyze the role of TDSCs in tendon-bone healing, understanding their therapeutic potential and contributing to the development of effective treatment strategies for tendon-bone injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Chen
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chuanfeng Jiang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Lu Yin
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yingqi Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University; Southwest University Hospital, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yue He
- Sichuan Provincial Ba-Yi Rehabilitation Center (Sichuan Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital), Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Sen Li
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Huarui Shen
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
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25
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Lin M, Li W, Ni X, Sui Y, Li H, Chen X, Lu Y, Jiang M, Wang C. Growth factors in the treatment of Achilles tendon injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1250533. [PMID: 37781529 PMCID: PMC10539943 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1250533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Achilles tendon (AT) injury is one of the most common tendon injuries, especially in athletes, the elderly, and working-age people. In AT injury, the biomechanical properties of the tendon are severely affected, leading to abnormal function. In recent years, many efforts have been underway to develop effective treatments for AT injuries to enable patients to return to sports faster. For instance, several new techniques for tissue-engineered biological augmentation for tendon healing, growth factors (GFs), gene therapy, and mesenchymal stem cells were introduced. Increasing evidence has suggested that GFs can reduce inflammation, promote extracellular matrix production, and accelerate AT repair. In this review, we highlighted some recent investigations regarding the role of GFs, such as transforming GF-β(TGF-β), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), fibroblast GF (FGF), vascular endothelial GF (VEGF), platelet-derived GF (PDGF), and insulin-like GF (IGF), in tendon healing. In addition, we summarized the clinical trials and animal experiments on the efficacy of GFs in AT repair. We also highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of the different isoforms of TGF-β and BMPs, including GFs combined with stem cells, scaffolds, or other GFs. The strategies discussed in this review are currently in the early stages of development. It is noteworthy that although these emerging technologies may potentially develop into substantial clinical treatment options for AT injury, definitive conclusions on the use of these techniques for routine management of tendon ailments could not be drawn due to the lack of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Lin
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Medical School, Shandong Modern University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Ni
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Sui
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huan Li
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinren Chen
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongping Lu
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenchao Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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26
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Zhang T, Wan L, Xiao H, Wang L, Hu J, Lu H. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals cellular and molecular heterogeneity in fibrocartilaginous enthesis formation. eLife 2023; 12:e85873. [PMID: 37698466 PMCID: PMC10513478 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The attachment site of the rotator cuff (RC) is a classic fibrocartilaginous enthesis, which is the junction between bone and tendon with typical characteristics of a fibrocartilage transition zone. Enthesis development has historically been studied with lineage tracing of individual genes selected a priori, which does not allow for the determination of single-cell landscapes yielding mature cell types and tissues. Here, in together with open-source GSE182997 datasets (three samples) provided by Fang et al., we applied Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to delineate the comprehensive postnatal RC enthesis growth and the temporal atlas from as early as postnatal day 1 up to postnatal week 8. And, we furtherly performed single-cell spatial transcriptomic sequencing on postnatal day 1 mouse enthesis, in order to deconvolute bone-tendon junction (BTJ) chondrocytes onto spatial spots. In summary, we deciphered the cellular heterogeneity and the molecular dynamics during fibrocartilage differentiation. Combined with current spatial transcriptomic data, our results provide a transcriptional resource that will support future investigations of enthesis development at the mechanistic level and may shed light on the strategies for enhanced RC healing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Liyang Wan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Linfeng Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan ProvinceChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
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27
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Leong NL, Wu J, Greskovich KE, Li Y, Jiang J. Pdgfrβ + lineage cells transiently increase at the site of Achilles tendon healing. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:1882-1889. [PMID: 36922361 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to track platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (Pdgfr-β) lineage cells at the site of Achilles tendon injury over time. Pdgfr-β-CreERT2 :Ai9 mice were generated to track Pdgfr-β lineage cells in adult mice. A surgical Achilles transection injury model was employed to examine the presence of Pdgfr-β lineage cells in the healing tendon over time, with five mice per time point at 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days postoperatively. Histology and immunohistochemistry for tdTomato (Pdgfr-β lineage cells), PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cell proliferation), and α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin, myofibroblasts) were performed. The percentage of cells at the healing tendon site staining positive for tdTomato and PCNA were quantified. Over 75% of cells at the injury site were Pdgfr-β lineage cells at Days 3, 7, and 14, and this percentage decreased significantly by Days 28 and 56 postinjury. Cell proliferation at the injury site peaked on Day 7 and decreased thereafter. Immunohistochemistry for α-SMA demonstrated minimal colocalization of myofibroblasts with Pdgfr-β lineage cells. This study demonstrates that in a mouse model of Achilles tendon injury, Pdgfr-β lineage cells' presence at the injury site is transient. Thus, we conclude that they are unlikely to be the cells that differentiate into myofibroblasts and directly contribute to tendon fibrous scar formation. Clinical Significance: This study provides some insight into the presence of Pdgfr-β lineage cells (including pericytes) following Achilles injury, furthering our understanding of tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L Leong
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jocelyn Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn E Greskovich
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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28
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Ge Z, Li W, Zhao R, Xiong W, Wang D, Tang Y, Fang Q, Deng X, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Chen X, Li Y, Lu Y, Wang C, Wang G. Programmable DNA Hydrogel Provides Suitable Microenvironment for Enhancing TSPCS Therapy in Healing of Tendinopathy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207231. [PMID: 37066733 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) therapy is a promising strategy for enhancing cell matrix and collagen synthesis, and regulating the metabolism of the tendon microenvironment during tendon injury repair. Nevertheless, the barren microenvironment and gliding shear of tendon cause insufficient nutrition supply, damage, and aggregation of injected TSPCs around tendon tissues, which severely hinders their clinical application in tendinopathy. In this study, a TSPCs delivery system is developed by encapsulating TSPCs within a DNA hydrogel (TSPCs-Gel) as the DNA hydrogel offers an excellent artificial extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment by providing nutrition for proliferation and protection against shear forces. This delivery method restricts TSPCs to the tendons, significantly extending their retention time. It is also found that TSPCs-Gel injections can promote the healing of rat tendinopathy in vivo, where cross-sectional area and load to failure of injured tendons in rats are significantly improved compared to the free TSPCs treatment group at 8 weeks. Furthermore, the potential healing mechanism of TSPCs-Gel is investigated by RNA-sequencing to identify a series of potential gene and signaling pathway targets for further clinical treatment strategies. These findings suggest the potential pathways of using DNA hydrogels as artificial ECMs to promote cell proliferation and protect TSPCs in TSPC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Ge
- Trauma Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Renliang Zhao
- Trauma Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Trauma Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Trauma Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yunfeng Tang
- Trauma Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qian Fang
- Trauma Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiangtian Deng
- Trauma Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Trauma Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yaojia Zhou
- Animal Experimental Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Animal Experimental Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yue Li
- Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chengshi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guanglin Wang
- Trauma Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Loder S, Patel N, Morgani S, Sambon M, Leucht P, Levi B. Genetic models for lineage tracing in musculoskeletal development, injury, and healing. Bone 2023; 173:116777. [PMID: 37156345 PMCID: PMC10860167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal development and later post-natal homeostasis are highly dynamic processes, marked by rapid structural and functional changes across very short periods of time. Adult anatomy and physiology are derived from pre-existing cellular and biochemical states. Consequently, these early developmental states guide and predict the future of the system as a whole. Tools have been developed to mark, trace, and follow specific cells and their progeny either from one developmental state to the next or between circumstances of health and disease. There are now many such technologies alongside a library of molecular markers which may be utilized in conjunction to allow for precise development of unique cell 'lineages'. In this review, we first describe the development of the musculoskeletal system beginning as an embryonic germ layer and at each of the key developmental stages that follow. We then discuss these structures in the context of adult tissues during homeostasis, injury, and repair. Special focus is given in each of these sections to the key genes involved which may serve as markers of lineage or later in post-natal tissues. We then finish with a technical assessment of lineage tracing and the techniques and technologies currently used to mark cells, tissues, and structures within the musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Loder
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Scaife Hall, Suite 6B, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Nicole Patel
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin Levi
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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30
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Yea JH, Gomez-Salazar M, Onggo S, Li Z, Thottappillil N, Cherief M, Negri S, Xing X, Qin Q, Tower RJ, Fan CM, Levi B, James AW. Tppp3 + synovial/tendon sheath progenitor cells contribute to heterotopic bone after trauma. Bone Res 2023; 11:39. [PMID: 37479686 PMCID: PMC10361999 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a pathological process resulting in aberrant bone formation and often involves synovial lined tissues. During this process, mesenchymal progenitor cells undergo endochondral ossification. Nonetheless, the specific cell phenotypes and mechanisms driving this process are not well understood, in part due to the high degree of heterogeneity of the progenitor cells involved. Here, using a combination of lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we investigated the extent to which synovial/tendon sheath progenitor cells contribute to heterotopic bone formation. For this purpose, Tppp3 (tubulin polymerization-promoting protein family member 3)-inducible reporter mice were used in combination with either Scx (Scleraxis) or Pdgfra (platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha) reporter mice. Both tendon injury- and arthroplasty-induced mouse experimental HO models were utilized. ScRNA-seq of tendon-associated traumatic HO suggested that Tppp3 is an early progenitor cell marker for either tendon or osteochondral cells. Upon HO induction, Tppp3 reporter+ cells expanded in number and partially contributed to cartilage and bone formation in either tendon- or joint-associated HO. In double reporter animals, both Pdgfra+Tppp3+ and Pdgfra+Tppp3- progenitor cells gave rise to HO-associated cartilage. Finally, analysis of human samples showed a substantial population of TPPP3-expressing cells overlapping with osteogenic markers in areas of heterotopic bone. Overall, these data demonstrate that synovial/tendon sheath progenitor cells undergo aberrant osteochondral differentiation and contribute to HO after trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Yea
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mario Gomez-Salazar
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sharon Onggo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Masnsen Cherief
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stefano Negri
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology of the University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Xin Xing
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Qizhi Qin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Robert Joel Tower
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chen-Ming Fan
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Aaron W James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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31
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Leong NL, Greskovich K, Blommer J, Jiang J. CCN1 expression is regulated by mechanical stimuli in tendons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 663:25-31. [PMID: 37116394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Tendon overuse injuries are common, but the processes that govern tendon response to mechanical load are not fully understood. A series of experiments of in vitro and in vivo experiments was devised to study to the relationship between mechanical stimuli and the matricellular protein Cellular Communication Network Factor 1 (CCN1) in tenocytes and tendons. First, human and murine tenocytes were subjected to cyclic uniaxial loading in order to evaluate changes in CCN1 gene expression as a response to mechanical stimuli. Then, baseline Ccn1 gene expression in different murine tendons (Achilles, patellar, forearm, and tail) was examined. Finally, changes in Ccn1 expression after in vivo unloading experiments were examined. It was found that CCN1 expression significantly increased in both human and murine tenocytes at 5 and 10% cyclical uniaxial strain, while 2.5% strain did not have any effect on CCN1 expression. At baseline, the Achilles, patellar, and forearm tendons had higher expression levels of Ccn1 as compared to tail tendons. Twenty-four hours of immobilization of the hind-limb resulted in a significant decrease in Ccn1 expression in both the Achilles and patellar tendons. In summary, CCN1 expression is up-regulated in tenocytes subjected to mechanical load and down-regulated by loss of mechanical load in tendons. These results show that CCN1 expression in tendons is at least partially regulated by mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L Leong
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, United States; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, United States.
| | - Kathryn Greskovich
- Baltimore VA Medical Center, United States; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, United States
| | - Joseph Blommer
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, United States
| | - Jie Jiang
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, United States
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32
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Shen H, Lane RA. Extracellular Vesicles From Primed Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Enhance Achilles Tendon Repair by Reducing Inflammation and Promoting Intrinsic Healing. Stem Cells 2023; 41:617-627. [PMID: 37085269 PMCID: PMC10267691 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Achilles tendon rupture is a common sports-related injury. Even with advanced clinical treatments, many patients suffer from long-term pain and functional deficits. These unsatisfactory outcomes result primarily from an imbalanced injury response with excessive inflammation and inadequate tendon regeneration. Prior studies showed that extracellular vesicles from inflammation-primed adipose-derived stem cells (iEVs) can attenuate early tendon inflammatory response to injury. It remains to be determined if iEVs can both reduce inflammation and promote regeneration in the later phases of tendon healing and the underlying mechanism. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanistic roles of iEVs in regulating tendon injury response using a mouse Achilles tendon injury and repair model in vivo and iEV-macrophage and iEV-tendon cell coculture models in vitro. Results showed that iEVs promoted tendon anti-inflammatory gene expression and reduced mononuclear cell accumulation to the injury site in the remodeling phase of healing. iEVs also increased collagen deposition in the injury center and promoted tendon structural recovery. Accordingly, mice treated with iEVs showed less peritendinous scar formation, much lower incidence of postoperative tendon gap or rupture, and faster functional recovery compared to untreated mice. Further in vitro studies revealed that iEVs both inhibited macrophage M1 polarization and increased tendon cell proliferation and collagen production. The iEV effects were partially mediated by miR-147-3p, which blocked the toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB signaling pathway that activated the M1 phenotype of macrophages. The combined results demonstrate that iEVs are a promising therapeutic agent that can enhance tendon repair by attenuating inflammation and promoting intrinsic healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan A Lane
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Papalamprou A, Yu V, Jiang W, Sheyn J, Stefanovic T, Chen A, Castaneda C, Chavez M, Sheyn D. Single Cell Transcriptomics-Informed Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Differentiation to Tenogenic Lineage. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.10.536240. [PMID: 37090543 PMCID: PMC10120682 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.10.536240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
During vertebrate embryogenesis, axial tendons develop from the paraxial mesoderm and differentiate through specific developmental stages to reach the syndetome stage. While the main roles of signaling pathways in the earlier stages of the differentiation have been well established, pathway nuances in syndetome specification from the sclerotome stage have yet to be explored. Here, we show stepwise differentiation of human iPSCs to the syndetome stage using chemically defined media and small molecules that were modified based on single cell RNA-sequencing and pathway analysis. We identified a significant population of branching off-target cells differentiating towards a neural phenotype overexpressing Wnt. Further transcriptomics post-addition of a WNT inhibitor at the somite stage and onwards revealed not only total removal of the neural off-target cells, but also increased syndetome induction efficiency. Fine-tuning tendon differentiation in vitro is essential to address the current challenges in developing a successful cell-based tendon therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Papalamprou
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Victoria Yu
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Wensen Jiang
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Julia Sheyn
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tina Stefanovic
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Angel Chen
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Chloe Castaneda
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Melissa Chavez
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Dmitriy Sheyn
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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34
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Papalamprou A, Yu V, Chen A, Stefanovic T, Kaneda G, Salehi K, Castaneda CM, Gertych A, Glaeser JD, Sheyn D. Directing iPSC differentiation into iTenocytes using combined scleraxis overexpression and cyclic loading. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:1148-1161. [PMID: 36203346 PMCID: PMC10076443 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative therapies for tendon are falling behind other tissues due to the lack of an appropriate and potent cell therapeutic candidate. This study aimed to induce tenogenesis using stable Scleraxis (Scx) overexpression in combination with uniaxial mechanical stretch of iPSC-derived mesenchymal stromal-like cells (iMSCs). Scx is the single direct molecular regulator of tendon differentiation known to date. Bone marrow-derived (BM-)MSCs were used as reference. Scx overexpression alone resulted in significantly higher upregulation of tenogenic markers in iMSCs compared to BM-MSCs. Mechanoregulation is known to be a central element guiding tendon development and healing. Mechanical stimulation combined with Scx overexpression resulted in morphometric and cytoskeleton-related changes, upregulation of early and late tendon markers, and increased extracellular matrix deposition and alignment, and tenomodulin perinuclear localization in iMSCs. Our findings suggest that these cells can be differentiated into tenocytes and might be a better candidate for tendon cell therapy applications than BM-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Papalamprou
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Victoria Yu
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Angel Chen
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tina Stefanovic
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Giselle Kaneda
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Khosrowdad Salehi
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chloe M. Castaneda
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Arkadiusz Gertych
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Juliane D. Glaeser
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dmitriy Sheyn
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Guo J, Tang H, Huang P, Ye X, Tang C, Shu Z, Guo J, Kang X, Shi Y, Zhou B, Liang T, Tang K. Integrative single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing reveals that the FOXO1-PRDX2-TNF axis regulates tendinopathy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1092778. [PMID: 37223090 PMCID: PMC10200929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1092778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tendinopathy, the most common form of chronic tendon disorder, leads to persistent tendon pain and loss of function. Profiling the heterogeneous cellular composition in the tendon microenvironment helps to elucidate rational molecular mechanisms of tendinopathy. Methods and results In this study, through a multi-modal analysis, a single-cell RNA- and ATAC-seq integrated tendinopathy landscape was generated for the first time. We found that a specific cell subpopulation with low PRDX2 expression exhibited a higher level of inflammation, lower proliferation and migration ability, which not only promoted tendon injury but also led to microenvironment deterioration. Mechanistically, a motif enrichment analysis of chromatin accessibility showed that FOXO1 was an upstream regulator of PRDX2 transcription, and we confirmed that functional blockade of FOXO1 activity induced PRDX2 silencing. The TNF signaling pathway was significantly activated in the PRDX2-low group, and TNF inhibition effectively restored diseased cell degradation. Discussion We revealed an essential role of diseased cells in tendinopathy and proposed the FOXO1-PRDX2-TNF axis is a potential regulatory mechanism for the treatment of tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Ye
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuyue Tang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The 970th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force, Yantai, China
| | - Xia Kang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youxing Shi
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Binghua Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Taotao Liang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kanglai Tang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhou T, Chen Y, Liao Z, Zhang L, Su D, Li Z, Yang X, Ke X, Liu H, Chen Y, Weng R, Shen H, Xu C, Wan Y, Xu R, Su P. Spatiotemporal Characterization of Human Early Intervertebral Disc Formation at Single-Cell Resolution. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206296. [PMID: 36965031 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The intervertebral disc (IVD) acts as a fibrocartilaginous joint to anchor adjacent vertebrae. Although several studies have demonstrated the cellular heterogeneity of adult mature IVDs, a single-cell transcriptomic atlas mapping early IVD formation is still lacking. Here, the authors generate a spatiotemporal and single cell-based transcriptomic atlas of human IVD formation at the embryonic stage and a comparative mouse transcript landscape. They identify two novel human notochord (NC)/nucleus pulposus (NP) clusters, SRY-box transcription factor 10 (SOX10)+ and cathepsin K (CTSK)+ , that are distributed in the early and late stages of IVD formation and they are validated by lineage tracing experiments in mice. Matrisome NC/NP clusters, T-box transcription factor T (TBXT)+ and CTSK+ , are responsible for the extracellular matrix homeostasis. The IVD atlas suggests that a subcluster of the vertebral chondrocyte subcluster might give rise to an inner annulus fibrosus of chondrogenic origin, while the fibroblastic outer annulus fibrosus preferentially expresseds transgelin and fibromodulin . Through analyzing intercellular crosstalk, the authors further find that notochordal secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) is a novel cue in the IVD microenvironment, and it is associated with IVD development and degeneration. In conclusion, the single-cell transcriptomic atlas will be leveraged to develop preventative and regenerative strategies for IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taifeng Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhiheng Liao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Deying Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics and State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhuling Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaona Ke
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hengyu Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuyu Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ricong Weng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huimin Shen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Caixia Xu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ren Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Peiqiang Su
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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37
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Fu S, Lan Y, Wang G, Bao D, Qin B, Zheng Q, Liu H, Wong VKW. External stimulation: A potential therapeutic strategy for tendon-bone healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1150290. [PMID: 37064229 PMCID: PMC10102526 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1150290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuries at the tendon-bone interface are very common in the field of sports medicine, and healing at the tendon-bone interface is complex. Injuries to the tendon-bone interface can seriously affect a patient’s quality of life, so it is essential to restore stability and promote healing of the tendon-bone interface. In addition to surgical treatment, the healing of tendons and bones can also be properly combined with extracorporeal stimulation therapy during the recovery process. In this review, we discuss the effects of extracorporeal shock waves (ESWs), low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), and mechanical stress on tendon-bone healing, focusing on the possible mechanisms of action of mechanical stress on tendon-bone healing in terms of transcription factors and biomolecules. The aim is to provide possible therapeutic approaches for subsequent clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Fu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yujian Lan
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoyou Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Dingsu Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiu Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Huan Liu, ; Vincent Kam Wai Wong,
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- Dr. Neher’s Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Huan Liu, ; Vincent Kam Wai Wong,
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Vinhas A, Almeida AF, Rodrigues MT, Gomes ME. Prospects of magnetically based approaches addressing inflammation in tendon tissues. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114815. [PMID: 37001644 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Tendon afflictions constitute a significant share of musculoskeletal diseases and represent a primary cause of incapacity worldwide. Unresolved/chronic inflammatory states have been associated with the onset and progression of tendon disorders, contributing to undesirable immune stimulation and detrimental tissue effects. Thus, targeting persistent inflammatory events could assist important developments to solve pathophysiological processes and innovative therapeutics to address impaired healing and accomplish complete tendon regeneration. This review overviews the impact of inflammation and inflammatory mediators in tendon niches, unveiling the importance of tendon cell populations and their signature features, and the influence of microenvironmental factors on inflamed and injured tendons. The demand for non-invasive instructive strategies to manage persistent inflammatory mediators, guide inflammatory pathways, and modulate cellular responses will also be approached by exploring the role of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF). PEMF alone or combined with more sophisticated systems triggered by magnetic fields will be considered in the design of successful therapies to control inflammation in tendinopathic conditions.
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Mechanisms of skeletal muscle-tendon development and regeneration/healing as potential therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 243:108357. [PMID: 36764462 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle contraction is essential for the movement of our musculoskeletal system. Tendons and ligaments that connect the skeletal muscles to bones in the correct position at the appropriate time during development are also required for movement to occur. Since the musculoskeletal system is essential for maintaining basic bodily functions as well as enabling interactions with the environment, dysfunctions of these tissues due to disease can significantly reduce quality of life. Unfortunately, as people live longer, skeletal muscle and tendon/ligament diseases are becoming more common. Sarcopenia, a disease in which skeletal muscle function declines, and tendinopathy, which involves chronic tendon dysfunction, are particularly troublesome because there have been no significant advances in their treatment. In this review, we will summarize previous reports on the development and regeneration/healing of skeletal muscle and tendon tissues, including a discussion of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved that may be used as potential therapeutic targets.
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Evano B, Sarde L, Tajbakhsh S. Temporal static and dynamic imaging of skeletal muscle in vivo. Exp Cell Res 2023; 424:113484. [PMID: 36693490 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in the study of living systems is understanding how tissues and organs are established, maintained during homeostasis, reconstituted following injury or deteriorated during disease. Most of the studies that interrogate in vivo cell biological properties of cell populations within tissues are obtained through static imaging approaches. However, in vertebrates, little is known about which, when, and how extracellular and intracellular signals are dynamically integrated to regulate cell behaviour and fates, due largely to technical challenges. Intravital imaging of cellular dynamics in mammalian models has exposed surprising properties that have been missed by conventional static imaging approaches. Here we highlight some selected examples of intravital imaging in mouse intestinal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, hair follicle stem cells, and neural stem cells in the brain, each of which have distinct features from an anatomical and niche-architecture perspective. Intravital imaging of mouse skeletal muscles is comparatively less advanced due to several technical constraints that will be discussed, yet this approach holds great promise as a complementary investigative method to validate findings obtained by static imaging, as well as a method for discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Evano
- Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, 75015, France; CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Liza Sarde
- Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, 75015, France; CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France; Sorbonne Université, Complexité Du Vivant, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Stem Cells and Development, Department of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, 75015, France; CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75015, France.
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Bautista CA, Srikumar A, Tichy ED, Qian G, Jiang X, Qin L, Mourkioti F, Dyment NA. CD206+ tendon resident macrophages and their potential crosstalk with fibroblasts and the ECM during tendon growth and maturation. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1122348. [PMID: 36909235 PMCID: PMC9992419 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1122348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Resident macrophages exist in a variety of tissues, including tendon, and play context-specific roles in their tissue of residence. In this study, we define the spatiotemporal distribution and phenotypic profile of tendon resident macrophages and their crosstalk with neighboring tendon fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix (ECM) during murine tendon development, growth, and homeostasis. Fluorescent imaging of cryosections revealed that F4/80+ tendon resident macrophages reside adjacent to Col1a1-CFP+ Scx-GFP+ fibroblasts within the tendon fascicle from embryonic development (E15.5) into adulthood (P56). Through flow cytometry and qPCR, we found that these tendon resident macrophages express several well-known macrophage markers, including Adgre1 (F4/80), Mrc1 (CD206), Lyve1, and Folr2, but not Ly-6C, and express the Csf1r-EGFP ("MacGreen") reporter. The proportion of Csf1r-EGFP+ resident macrophages in relation to the total cell number increases markedly during early postnatal growth, while the density of macrophages per mm2 remains constant during this same time frame. Interestingly, proliferation of resident macrophages is higher than adjacent fibroblasts, which likely contributes to this increase in macrophage proportion. The expression profile of tendon resident macrophages also changes with age, with increased pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in P56 compared to P14 macrophages. In addition, the expression profile of limb tendon resident macrophages diverges from that of tail tendon resident macrophages, suggesting differential phenotypes across anatomically and functionally different tendons. As macrophages are known to communicate with adjacent fibroblasts in other tissues, we conducted ligand-receptor analysis and found potential two-way signaling between tendon fibroblasts and resident macrophages. Tendon fibroblasts express high levels of Csf1, which encodes macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) that acts on the CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) on macrophages. Importantly, Csf1r-expressing resident macrophages preferentially localize to Csf1-expressing fibroblasts, supporting the "nurturing scaffold" model for tendon macrophage patterning. Lastly, we found that tendon resident macrophages express high levels of ECM-related genes, including Mrc1 (mannose receptor), Lyve1 (hyaluronan receptor), Lair1 (type I collagen receptor), Ctss (elastase), and Mmp13 (collagenase), and internalize DQ Collagen in explant cultures. Overall, our study provides insights into the potential roles of tendon resident macrophages in regulating fibroblast phenotype and the ECM during tendon growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Bautista
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anjana Srikumar
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elisia D. Tichy
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Grace Qian
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xi Jiang
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ling Qin
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Foteini Mourkioti
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Musculoskeletal Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nathaniel A. Dyment
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Tsai SL, Villasenor S, Shah R, Galloway JL. Endogenous Tenocyte Activation Underlies the Regenerative Capacity of Adult Zebrafish Tendon. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.04.527141. [PMID: 36778338 PMCID: PMC9915736 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.04.527141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tendons are essential, frequently injured connective tissues that transmit forces from muscle to bone. Their unique highly ordered, matrix-rich structure is critical for proper function. While adult mammalian tendons heal after acute injuries, endogenous tendon cells, or tenocytes, fail to respond appropriately, resulting in the formation of disorganized fibrovascular scar tissue with impaired function and increased propensity for re-injury. Here, we show that unlike mammals, adult zebrafish tenocytes activate upon injury and fully regenerate the tendon. Using a full tear injury model in the adult zebrafish craniofacial tendon, we defined the hallmark stages and cellular basis of tendon regeneration through multiphoton imaging, lineage tracing, and transmission electron microscopy approaches. Remarkably, we observe that the zebrafish tendon can regenerate and restore normal collagen matrix ultrastructure by 6 months post-injury (mpi). We show that tendon regeneration progresses in three main phases: inflammation within 24 hours post-injury (hpi), cellular proliferation and formation of a cellular bridge between the severed tendon ends at 3-5 days post-injury (dpi), and re-differentiation and matrix remodeling beginning from 5 dpi to 6 mpi. Importantly, we demonstrate that pre-existing tenocytes are the main cellular source of regeneration. Collectively, our work debuts the zebrafish tendon as one of the only reported adult tendon regenerative models and positions it as an invaluable comparative system to identify regenerative mechanisms that may inspire new tendon injury treatments in the clinic.
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Shen H, Lane RA. Extracellular Vesicles from Inflammation-Primed Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Enhance Achilles Tendon Repair by Reducing Inflammation and Promoting Intrinsic Healing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.31.526532. [PMID: 36778262 PMCID: PMC9915600 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.31.526532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Achilles tendon rupture is a common sports-related tendon injury. Even with advanced clinical treatments, many patients suffer from long-term pain and reduced function. These unsatisfactory outcomes result primarily from an imbalanced injury response with excessive inflammation and inadequate regeneration. Prior studies showed that extracellular vesicles from inflammation-primed adipose-derived stem cells (iEVs) can attenuate inflammation in the early phase of tendon healing. However, the effect of iEVs on tendon inflammation and regeneration in the later phases of tendon healing and the underlying mechanism remain to be determined. Accordingly, this study investigated the mechanistic roles of iEVs in regulating tendon response to injury using a mouse Achilles tendon injury and repair model in vivo and iEV-macrophage and iEV-tendon cell co-culture models in vitro. Results showed that iEVs promoted tendon anti-inflammatory gene expression and reduced mononuclear cell infiltration in the remodeling phase of tendon healing. iEVs also increased injury site collagen deposition and promoted tendon structural recovery. As such, mice treated with iEVs showed less peritendinous scar formation, much lower incidence of postoperative tendon gap or rupture, and faster functional recovery compared to untreated mice. Further in vitro study revealed that iEVs both inhibited macrophage inflammatory response and increased tendon cell proliferation and collagen production. The iEV effects were partially mediated by miR-147-3p, which blocks the toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB signaling pathway that activates macrophage M1 polarization. The combined results demonstrated that iEVs are a promising therapeutic agent, which can enhance tendon repair by attenuating inflammation and promoting intrinsic healing. Significance statement Using a clinically relevant mouse Achilles tendon injury and repair model, this study revealed that iEVs, a biological product generated from inflammation-primed adipose-derived stem cells, can directly target both macrophages and tendon cells and enhance tendon structural and functional recovery by limiting inflammation and promoting intrinsic healing. Results further identified miR-147-3p as one of the active components of iEVs that modulate macrophage inflammatory response by inhibiting toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB signaling pathway. These promising findings paved the road toward clinical application of iEVs in the treatment of tendon injury and other related disorders.
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Hu J, Liu S, Fan C. Applications of functionally-adapted hydrogels in tendon repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1135090. [PMID: 36815891 PMCID: PMC9934866 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1135090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite all the efforts made in tissue engineering for tendon repair, the management of tendon injuries still poses a challenge, as current treatments are unable to restore the function of tendons following injuries. Hydrogels, due to their exceptional biocompatibility and plasticity, have been extensively applied and regarded as promising candidate biomaterials in tissue regeneration. Varieties of approaches have designed functionally-adapted hydrogels and combined hydrogels with other factors (e.g., bioactive molecules or drugs) or materials for the enhancement of tendon repair. This review first summarized the current state of knowledge on the mechanisms underlying the process of tendon healing. Afterward, we discussed novel strategies in fabricating hydrogels to overcome the issues frequently encountered during the applications in tendon repair, including poor mechanical properties and undesirable degradation. In addition, we comprehensively summarized the rational design of hydrogels for promoting stem-cell-based tendon tissue engineering via altering biophysical and biochemical factors. Finally, the role of macrophages in tendon repair and how they respond to immunomodulatory hydrogels were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Shen Liu, ; Cunyi Fan,
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Orthopaedic Material Innovation and Tissue Regeneration, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Shen Liu, ; Cunyi Fan,
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Nichols AE, Wagner NW, Ketonis C, Loiselle AE. Epitenon-derived cells comprise a distinct progenitor population that contributes to both tendon fibrosis and regeneration following acute injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.30.526242. [PMID: 36778469 PMCID: PMC9915485 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.30.526242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Flexor tendon injuries are common and heal poorly owing to both the deposition of function- limiting peritendinous scar tissue and insufficient healing of the tendon itself. Therapeutic options are limited due to a lack of understanding of the cell populations that contribute to these processes. Here, we identified a bi-fated progenitor cell population that originates from the epitenon and goes on to contribute to both peritendinous fibrosis and regenerative tendon healing following acute tendon injury. Using a combination of genetic lineage tracing and single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), we profiled the behavior and contributions of each cell fate to the healing process in a spatio-temporal manner. Branched pseudotime trajectory analysis identified distinct transcription factors responsible for regulation of each fate. Finally, integrated scRNA-seq analysis of mouse healing with human peritendinous scar tissue revealed remarkable transcriptional similarity between mouse epitenon- derived cells and fibroblasts present in human peritendinous scar tissue, which was further validated by immunofluorescent staining for conserved markers. Combined, these results clearly identify the epitenon as the cellular origin of an important progenitor cell population that could be leveraged to improve tendon healing.
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Henke K, Farmer DT, Niu X, Kraus JM, Galloway JL, Youngstrom DW. Genetically engineered zebrafish as models of skeletal development and regeneration. Bone 2023; 167:116611. [PMID: 36395960 PMCID: PMC11080330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are aquatic vertebrates with significant homology to their terrestrial counterparts. While zebrafish have a centuries-long track record in developmental and regenerative biology, their utility has grown exponentially with the onset of modern genetics. This is exemplified in studies focused on skeletal development and repair. Herein, the numerous contributions of zebrafish to our understanding of the basic science of cartilage, bone, tendon/ligament, and other skeletal tissues are described, with a particular focus on applications to development and regeneration. We summarize the genetic strengths that have made the zebrafish a powerful model to understand skeletal biology. We also highlight the large body of existing tools and techniques available to understand skeletal development and repair in the zebrafish and introduce emerging methods that will aid in novel discoveries in skeletal biology. Finally, we review the unique contributions of zebrafish to our understanding of regeneration and highlight diverse routes of repair in different contexts of injury. We conclude that zebrafish will continue to fill a niche of increasing breadth and depth in the study of basic cellular mechanisms of skeletal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Henke
- Department of Orthopaedics, Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - D'Juan T Farmer
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Xubo Niu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Jessica M Kraus
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Jenna L Galloway
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Daniel W Youngstrom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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Application of Single-Cell and Spatial Omics in Musculoskeletal Disorder Research. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032271. [PMID: 36768592 PMCID: PMC9917071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders, including fractures, scoliosis, heterotopic ossification, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, disc degeneration, and muscular injury, etc., can occur at any stage of human life. Understanding the occurrence and development mechanism of musculoskeletal disorders, as well as the changes in tissues and cells during therapy, might help us find targeted treatment methods. Single-cell techniques provide excellent tools for studying alterations at the cellular level of disorders. However, the application of these techniques in research on musculoskeletal disorders is still limited. This review summarizes the current single-cell and spatial omics used in musculoskeletal disorders. Cell isolation, experimental methods, and feasible experimental designs for single-cell studies of musculoskeletal system diseases have been reviewed based on tissue characteristics. Then, the paper summarizes the latest findings of single-cell studies in musculoskeletal disorders from three aspects: bone and ossification, joint, and muscle and tendon disorders. Recent discoveries about the cell populations involved in these diseases are highlighted. Furthermore, the therapeutic responses of musculoskeletal disorders, especially single-cell changes after the treatments of implants, stem cell therapies, and drugs are described. Finally, the application potential and future development directions of single-cell and spatial omics in research on musculoskeletal diseases are discussed.
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Lu K, Zhou M, Wang L, Wang Y, Tang H, He G, Wang H, Tang C, He J, Wang W, Tang K, Wang Y, Deng Z. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine facilitates tendon repair and promotes the tenogenic differentiation of tendon stem/progenitor cells by enhancing the integrin α5/β1/PI3K/AKT signaling. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:1. [PMID: 36604630 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendon injury is associated with oxidative stress, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammation. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is a potent antioxidant. However, how NAC affects the biological functions of tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) and tendon repair has not been clarified. METHOD: The impacts of NAC on the viability, ROS production, and differentiation of TSPCs were determined with the cell counting kit-8, fluorescence staining, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. The effect of NAC on gene transcription in TSPCs was analyzed by transcriptomes and bioinformatics and validated by Western blotting. The potential therapeutic effect of NAC on tendon repair was tested in a rat model of Achilles tendon injury. RESULTS Compared with the untreated control, treatment with 500 µM NAC greatly promoted the proliferation of TSPCs and significantly mitigated hydrogen peroxide-induced ROS production and cytotoxicity in vitro. NAC treatment significantly increased the relative protein expression of collagen type 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1), tenascin C (TNC), scleraxis (SCX), and tenomodulin (TNMD) in TPSCs. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that NAC modulated transcriptomes, particularly in the integrin-related phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling, and Western blotting revealed that NAC enhanced integrin α5β1 expression and PI3K/AKT activation in TSPCs. Finally, NAC treatment mitigated the tendon injury, but enhanced the protein expression of SCX, TNC, TNMD, and COLIA1 in the injured tissue regions of the rats. CONCLUSION NAC treatment promoted the survival and differentiation of TSPCs to facilitate tendon repair after tendon injury in rats. Thus, NAC may be valuable for the treatment of tendon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Lu
- Department of Orthopedics-Spine Surgery Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, No. 29, Yanzheng Street, Gaotan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics-Spine Surgery Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics-Spine Surgery Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, No. 29, Yanzheng Street, Gaotan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang He
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, No. 29, Yanzheng Street, Gaotan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, No. 29, Yanzheng Street, Gaotan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuyue Tang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, No. 29, Yanzheng Street, Gaotan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Orthopedics-Spine Surgery Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, No. 29, Yanzheng Street, Gaotan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China
| | - Kanglai Tang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, No. 29, Yanzheng Street, Gaotan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yunjiao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, No. 29, Yanzheng Street, Gaotan, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhongliang Deng
- Department of Orthopedics-Spine Surgery Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 74 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China.
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Lu M, Wang S, Wang H, Xue T, Cai C, Fan C, Wu F, Liu S. Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate-loaded Electrospun Membranes for Peritendinous Anti-adhesion through Inhibition of the Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway. Acta Biomater 2023; 155:333-346. [PMID: 36243373 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Peritendinous adhesion is a major cause of limb dysfunction and disability in clinical practice. Numerous studies suggest that activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in macrophages could be the pivotal figure in excessive collagen synthesis and thus peritendinous adhesion formation. In this study, we assumed this pathological process could be suppressed by inhibiting NF-κB phosphorylation and nuclear translocation using pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a specific NF-κB inhibitor with the ability to penetrate cell membranes, in macrophages. Then, we conducted electrospinning process to incorporate PDTC into poly(L-lactic) acid (PLA) electrospinning membranes, that is, the PDTC-PLA membranes. Further, with integral film quality and stable drug release property, the PDTC-PLA membranes were subsequently analyzed in the capability and mechanism of preventing adhesion formation both in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed inhibition of macrophage proliferation as well as NF-κB pathway activation from in vitro assays and outstanding promotion in inhibiting NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and reducing adhesion formation from in vivo assays of PDTC-PLA compared to PLA membranes. In conclusion, our findings suggested that PDTC-PLA as an alternative therapeutic approach alleviated inflammation and peritendinous adhesion formation through NF-κB signaling pathway. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) can be blended into poly-L-lactic acid (PLA) fibrous membranes by electrospinning process. This incorporation of PDTC into PLA is an effective way to inhibit proinflammatory activation of macrophages and to achieve advanced anti-adhesion outcome after tendon repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkuan Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Tong Xue
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Chuandong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Fei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, PR China.
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Contreras O, Harvey RP. Single-cell transcriptome dynamics of the autotaxin-lysophosphatidic acid axis during muscle regeneration reveal proliferative effects in mesenchymal fibro-adipogenic progenitors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1017660. [PMID: 36910157 PMCID: PMC9996314 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1017660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid is a growth factor-like bioactive phospholipid recognising LPA receptors and mediating signalling pathways that regulate embryonic development, wound healing, carcinogenesis, and fibrosis, via effects on cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. Extracellular LPA is generated from lysophospholipids by the secreted hydrolase-ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 (ENPP2; also, AUTOTAXIN/ATX) and metabolised by different membrane-bound phospholipid phosphatases (PLPPs). Here, we use public bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing datasets to explore the expression of Lpar 1-6, Enpp2, and Plpp genes under skeletal muscle homeostasis and regeneration conditions. We show that the skeletal muscle system dynamically expresses the Enpp2-Lpar-Plpp gene axis, with Lpar1 being the highest expressed member among LPARs. Lpar1 was expressed by mesenchymal fibro-adipogenic progenitors and tenocytes, whereas FAPs mainly expressed Enpp2. Clustering of FAPs identified populations representing distinct cell states with robust Lpar1 and Enpp2 transcriptome signatures in homeostatic cells expressing higher levels of markers Dpp4 and Hsd11b1. However, tissue injury induced transient repression of Lpar genes and Enpp2. The role of LPA in modulating the fate and differentiation of tissue-resident FAPs has not yet been explored. Ex vivo, LPAR1/3 and ENPP2 inhibition significantly decreased the cell-cycle activity of FAPs and impaired fibro-adipogenic differentiation, implicating LPA signalling in the modulation of the proliferative and differentiative fate of FAPs. Together, our results demonstrate the importance of the ENPP2-LPAR-PLPP axis in different muscle cell types and FAP lineage populations in homeostasis and injury, paving the way for further research on the role of this signalling pathway in skeletal muscle homeostasis and regeneration, and that of other organs and tissues, in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Contreras
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Developmental and Regenerative Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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