Baumgartner JT, Lozano Salazar LI, Varga LA, Lefebre GH, McKinnie SMK. Vanadium haloperoxidases as noncanonical terpene synthases.
Methods Enzymol 2024;
699:447-475. [PMID:
38942514 DOI:
10.1016/bs.mie.2024.03.024]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases (VHPOs) are a unique family of enzymes that utilize vanadate, an aqueous halide ion, and hydrogen peroxide to produce an electrophilic halogen species that can be incorporated into electron rich organic substrates. This halogen species can react with terpene substrates and trigger halonium-induced cyclization in a manner reminiscent of class II terpene synthases. While not all VHPOs act in this capacity, several notable examples from algal and actinobacterial species have been characterized to catalyze regio- and enantioselective reactions on terpene and meroterpenoid substrates, resulting in complex halogenated cyclic terpenes through the action of single enzyme. In this article, we describe the expression, purification, and chemical assays of NapH4, a difficult to express characterized VHPO that catalyzes the chloronium-induced cyclization of its meroterpenoid substrate.
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