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Obewhere OA, Acurio-Cerda K, Sutradhar S, Dike M, Keloth R, Dishari SK. Unravel-engineer-design: a three-pronged approach to advance ionomer performance at interfaces in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39356467 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03221g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), which use hydrogen as fuel, present an eco-friendly alternative to internal combustion engines (ICEs) for powering low-to-heavy-duty vehicles and various devices. Despite their promise, PEMFCs must meet strict cost, performance, and durability standards to reach their full potential. A key challenge lies in optimizing the electrode, where a thin ionomer layer is responsible for proton conduction and binding catalyst particles to the electrode. Enhancing ion transport within these sub-μm thick films is critical to improving the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathodes of PEMFCs. For the past 15 years, our research has targeted this limitation through a comprehensive "Unravel - Engineer - Design" approach. We first unraveled the behavior of ionomers, gaining deeper insights into both the average and distributed proton conduction properties within sub-μm thick films and at interfaces that mimic catalyst binder layers. Next, we engineered ionomer-substrate interfaces to gain control over interfacial makeup and boost proton conductivity, essential for PEMFC efficiency. Finally, we designed novel nature-derived or nature-inspired, fluorine-free ionomers to tackle the ion transport limitations seen in state-of-the-art ionomers under thin-film confinement. Some of these ionomers even pave the way to address cost and sustainability challenges in PEMFC materials. This feature article highlights our contributions and their importance in advancing PEMFCs and other sustainable energy conversion and storage technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Acurio-Cerda
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.
| | - Sourav Sutradhar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.
| | - Moses Dike
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.
| | - Rajesh Keloth
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.
| | - Shudipto Konika Dishari
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.
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Liu Y, Zhou C, Chen L, Du J, Li Q, Lu C, Tan L, Huang X, Liu J, Dong L. Self-standing membranes for separation: Achievements and opportunities. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 332:103269. [PMID: 39128434 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Supported membranes and mixed matrix membranes have a limitation of harming the mass transfer due to the incompatibility between the support layer or the matrix and the active components of the membrane. Self-standing membranes, which could structurally abandon the support layer, altogether avoid the adverse effect, thus greatly facilitating the transmembrane mass transfer process. However, the abandonment of the support layer also reduces the membrane's mechanical properties and formability. In this review, our emphasis will be on self-standing membranes within the realm of materials and separation engineering. We will explore the materials employed in the fabrication of self-standing membranes, highlighting their ability to simultaneously enhance membrane performance and promote self-standing characteristics. Additionally, we will delve into the diverse techniques utilized for crafting self-standing membranes, encompassing interfacial polymerization, filtration, solvent casting, Langmuir-Blodgett & layer-by-layer assembly, electrospinning, compression, etc. Throughout the discussion, the merits and drawbacks associated with each of these preparation methods were elucidated. We also provide a brief overview of the applications of self-standing membranes, including water purification, gas separation, organic solvent nanofiltration, electrochemistry, and membrane reactor, as well as a brief description of the general strategies for performance enhancement of self-standing membranes. Finally, the current status of self-standing membranes and the challenges they may encounter were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Cailong Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Li Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Jingcheng Du
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, PR China
| | - Qun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Luxi Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, PR China.
| | - Jiangtao Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, PR China
| | - Lichun Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
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Liu L, Gao Y, Dong C, Yang J, Yin P. The Hybridization of Polymers with Metal Oxide Clusters for the Design of Non-Fluorinated Proton Exchange Membranes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402262. [PMID: 38945834 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
As the key component of various energy storage and conversion devices, proton exchange membranes (PEMs) have been attracting significant interest. However, their further development is limited by the high cost of perfluorosulfonic acid polymers and the poor stability of acid-dopped non-fluorinated polymers. Recently, a new group of PEMs has been developed by hybridizing polyoxometalates (POMs), a group of super acidic sub-nanoscale metal oxide clusters, with polymers. POMs can serve simultaneously as both proton sponges and stabilizing agents, and their complexation with polymers can further improve polymers' mechanical performance and processability. Enormous efforts have been focused on studying supramolecular complexation or covalent grafting of POMs with various polymers to optimize PEMs in terms of cost, mechanical properties and stabilities. This concept summarizes recent advances in this emerging field and outlines the design strategies and application perspectives employed for using POM-polymer hybrid materials as PEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Yiren Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Chen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Panchao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
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Zhang Z, Deng C, Fan X, Li M, Zhang M, Wang X, Chen F, Shi S, Zhou Y, Deng L, Gao H, Xiong W. 3D Directional Assembly of Liquid Crystal Molecules. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401533. [PMID: 38794830 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The precise construction of hierarchically long-range ordered structures using molecules as fundamental building blocks can fully harness their anisotropy and potential. However, the 3D, high-precision, and single-step directional assembly of molecules is a long-pending challenge. Here, a 3D directional molecular assembly strategy via femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) is proposed and the feasibility of this approach using liquid crystal (LC) molecules as an illustrative example is demonstrated. The physical mechanism for femtosecond (fs) laser-induced assembly of LC molecules is investigated, and precise 3D arbitrary assembly of LC molecules is achieved by defining the discretized laser scanning pathway. Additionally, an LC-based Fresnel zone plate array with polarization selection and colorization imaging functions is fabricated to further illustrate the potential of this method. This study not only introduces a 3D high-resolution alignment method for LC-based functional devices but also establishes a universal protocol for the precise 3D directional assembly of anisotropic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexu Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chunsan Deng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xuhao Fan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Minjing Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mingduo Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinger Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fayu Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shaoxi Shi
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yining Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Leimin Deng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei, 430074, China
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Lee SY, Kang DR, Oh JG, Chae IS, Kim JH. Dumbbell-Shaped, Block-Graft Copolymer with Aligned Domains for High-Performance Hydrocarbon Polymer Electrolyte Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406796. [PMID: 38730495 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Given the environmental concerns surrounding fluoromaterials, the use of high-cost perfluorinated sulfonic acids (PFSAs) in fuel cells and water electrolysis contradicts the pursuit of clean energy systems. Herein, we present a fluorine-free dumbbell-shaped block-graft copolymer, derived from the cost-effective triblock copolymer, poly(styrene-b-ethylene-co-butylene-b-styrene) (SEBS), for polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs). This unique polymer shape led to the alignment of the hydrophobic-hydrophilic domains along a preferred orientation, resulting in the construction of interconnected proton channels across the membrane. A bicontinuous network allowed efficient proton transport with reduced tortuosity, leading to an exceptional ionic conductivity (249 mS cm-1 at 80 °C and 90 % relative humidity (RH)), despite a low ion exchange capacity (IEC; 1.41). Furthermore, membrane electrode assembly (MEA) prepared with our membrane exhibited stable performance over a period of 150 h at 80 °C and 30 % RH. This study demonstrates a novel polymer structure design and highlights a promising outlook for hydrocarbon PEMs as alternatives to PFSAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Youn Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Ru Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Gil Oh
- Advanced Fuel Cell Technology Development Team, CTO, Hyundai Motor Company, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16891, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Seok Chae
- Advanced Fuel Cell Technology Development Team, CTO, Hyundai Motor Company, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16891, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hak Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Jiang S, Niu H, Gu X, Cai Y. Perfluoroalkyl Functionalized Superhydrophobic Covalent Organic Frameworks for Excellent Oil-Water Membrane Separation and Anhydrous Proton Conduction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403772. [PMID: 39004855 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Rapid economic development has led to oil pollution and energy shortage. Membrane separation has attracted much attention due to its simplicity and efficiency in oil-water-separation. The development of membrane materials with enhanced separation properties is essential to improve the separation-efficiency. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are expected to replace conventional engines due to their high-power-conversion rates and other favorable properties. Anhydrous-proton-conducting materials are vital components of PEMFCs. However, developing stable proton-conducting materials that exhibit high conductivity at varying temperatures remains challenging. Herein, two covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with long-side-chains are synthesized, and their corresponding COF@SSN membranes. Both membranes can effectively separate oil-water mixtures and water-in-oil emulsions. The TFPT-AF membrane achieves a maximum oil-flux of 6.05 × 105 g h-1 m-2 with an oil-water separation efficiency of above 99%, which is almost unchanged after 20 consecutive uses. COF@H3PO4 doped with different ratios of H3PO4 is prepared, the results show that the perfluorocarbon-chain system has excellent anhydrous proton conductivity , achieving an ultra-high proton-conductivity of 3.98 × 10-1 S cm-1 at 125 °C. This study lays the foundation for tailor-made-functionalization of COF through pre-engineering and surface-modification, highlighting the great potential of COFs for oil-water separation and anhydrous-proton-conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongyun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
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7
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Jiang R, Liu J, Liu X, Travas Sejdic J. Electrochemical biosensing platform based on AuNWs/rGO-CMC-PEDOT:PSS composite for the detection of superoxide anion released from living cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 254:116228. [PMID: 38522233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Detection of superoxide anion (O2·-) levels holds significant importance for the diagnosis and even clinical treatments of oxidative stress-related diseases. Herein, we prepared a composite electrode material to encapsulate copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) for biosensing of O2·-. The sensing material consists of gold nanowires (AuNWs), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and PEDOT:PSS. CMC provides abundant -COOH to bind SOD1, with a high adsorption coverage of 1.499 × 10-9 mol cm-2 on the sensor surface. rGO and PEDOT endow the composite with significant conductivity, whereas PSS has antifouling capability. Moreover, AuNWs exhibit excellent electrical conductivity and a high aspect ratio, which promotes electron transfer, and ultimately enhances the catalytic performance of the enzyme. Meanwhile, SOD1(Cu2+) catalyzes the dismutation of O2·- to O2 and H2O2, and H2O2 is then electrochemically oxidized to generate amperometric signals for determination of O2·-. The sensor demonstrates outstanding detection performance for O2·- with a low detection limit of 2.52 nM, and two dynamic ranges (14.30 nM-1.34 μM and 1.34 μM-42.97 μM) with corresponding sensitivity of 0.479 and 0.052 μA μM-1cm-2, respectively. Additionally, the calculated apparent Michaelis constant (Kmapp) of 1.804 μM for SOD1 demonstrates the outstanding catalytic activity and the surface-immobilized enzyme's substrate affinity. Furthermore, the sensor shows the capability to dynamically detect the level of O2·- released from living HepG2 cells. This study provides an inovative design to obtain a biocompatible electrochemical sensing platform with plenty of immobilization sites for biomolecules, large surface area, high conductivity and flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjun Jiang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemical and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jiaojiao Liu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemical and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, College of Chemical and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China; State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Jadranka Travas Sejdic
- Centre for Innovative Materials for Health, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland - Waipapa Taumata Rau, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
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Shi CY, Qin WY, Qu DH. Semi-crystalline polymers with supramolecular synergistic interactions: from mechanical toughening to dynamic smart materials. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8295-8310. [PMID: 38846397 PMCID: PMC11151828 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02089h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Semi-crystalline polymers (SCPs) with anisotropic amorphous and crystalline domains as the basic skeleton are ubiquitous from natural products to synthetic polymers. The combination of chemically incompatible hard and soft phases contributes to unique thermal and mechanical properties. The further introduction of supramolecular interactions as noncovalently interacting crystal phases and soft dynamic crosslinking sites can synergize with covalent polymer chains, thereby enabling effective energy dissipation and dynamic rearrangement in hierarchical superstructures. Therefore, this review will focus on the design principles of SCPs by discussing supramolecular construction strategies and state-of-the-art functional applications from mechanical toughening to sophisticated functions such as dynamic adaptivity, shape memory, ion transport, etc. Current challenges and further opportunities are discussed to provide an overview of possible future directions and potential material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Shi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Wen-Yu Qin
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
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Ichikawa T, Yamada T, Aoki N, Maehara Y, Suda K, Kobayashi T. Surface proton hopping conduction mechanism dominant polymer electrolytes created by self-assembly of bicontinuous cubic liquid crystals. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7034-7040. [PMID: 38756814 PMCID: PMC11095363 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
For the development of the next generation of fuel cells, it is essential to create an innovative design principle of polymer electrolytes that is beyond extension of the existing strategy. In the present study, we focused on the surface hopping proton conduction mechanism where an activation energy for proton conduction is greatly reduced by decreasing the distance between SO3- groups. Our gyroid nanostructured polymer film (Film-G), with a hydrophilic surface where the SO3- groups are aligned densely and precisely, shows high proton conductivity of the order of 10-2 S cm-1 when the water content is about 15 wt%. We reveal that the high proton conductivity of Film-G is attributed to the exhibition of an extremely-fast surface hopping conduction mechanism due to the reduced activation energy barrier along the gyroid minimal surface. This finding should introduce a game-changing novel opportunity in polymer electrolyte design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ichikawa
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society Tokai Ibaraki 319-1106 Japan
| | - Nanami Aoki
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Yuki Maehara
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Kaori Suda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Tsubasa Kobayashi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Naka-cho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
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Liu L, Huang A, Yang J, Chen J, Fu K, Sun W, Deng J, Yin JF, Yin P. Supramolecular Complexation of Metal Oxide Cluster and Non-Fluorinated Polymer for Large-Scale Fabrication of Proton Exchange Membranes for High-Power-Density Fuel Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318355. [PMID: 38265930 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Cost-effective, non-fluorinated polymer proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are highly desirable in emerging hydrogen fuel cells (FCs) technology; however, their low proton conductivities and poor chemical and dimension stabilities hinder their further development as alternatives to commercial Nafion®. Here, we report the inorganic-organic hybridization strategy by facilely complexing commercial polymers, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), with inorganic molecular nanoparticles, H3 PW12 O40 (PW) via supramolecular interaction. The strong affinity among them endows the obtained nanocomposites amphiphilicity and further lead to phase separation for bi-continuous structures with both inter-connected proton transportation channels and robust polymer scaffold, enabling high proton conductivities, mechanical/dimension stability and barrier performance, and the H2 /O2 FCs equipped with the composite PEM show promising power densities and long-term stability. Interestingly, the hybrid PEM can be fabricated continuously in large scale at challenging ~10 μm thickness via typical tape casting technique originated from their facile complexing strategy and the hybrids' excellent mechanical properties. This work not only provides potential material systems for commercial PEMs, but also raises interest for the research on hybrid composites for PEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Aowen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Jiadong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Kewen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Weigang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Fu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Panchao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
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11
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Zuo P, Ran J, Ye C, Li X, Xu T, Yang Z. Advancing Ion Selective Membranes with Micropore Ion Channels in the Interaction Confinement Regime. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6016-6027. [PMID: 38349043 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Ion exchange membranes allowing the passage of charge-carrying ions have established their critical role in water, environmental, and energy-relevant applications. The design strategies for high-performance ion exchange membranes have evolved beyond creating microphase-separated membrane morphologies, which include advanced ion exchange membranes to ion-selective membranes. The properties and functions of ion-selective membranes have been repeatedly updated by the emergence of materials with subnanometer-sized pores and the understanding of ion movement under confined micropore ion channels. These research progresses have motivated researchers to consider even greater aims in the field, i.e., replicating the functions of ion channels in living cells with exotic materials or at least targeting fast and ion-specific transmembrane conduction. To help realize such goals, we briefly outline and comment on the fundamentals of rationally designing membrane pore channels for ultrafast and specific ion conduction, pore architecture/chemistry, and membrane materials. Challenges are discussed, and perspectives and outlooks are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Ran
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunchun Ye
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Xingya Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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12
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Fan H, Xie T, Pang Y, Zhu S, Feng P, Zhu X, Zhao C, Guan S, Yao H. Sulfonated Polyimide Membranes Constructed by Main-Chain and Molecular-Network Engineering Strategy for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300502. [PMID: 37996994 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Excessive swelling is one important factor that leads to high fuel permeability and limited operating concentration of methanol for proton exchange membranes. Herein, a collaborative strategy of main-chain and molecular-network engineering is applied to lower swelling ratio and improve methanol resistance for highly sulfonated polyimide. Two m-phenylenediamine monomers (4-(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-vinylphenoxy)benzene-1,3-diamine and 4,6-bis(2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-vinylphenoxy)benzene-1,3-diamine) with tetrafluorostyrol groups are designed and synthesized. Two series of cross-linked sulfonated polyimides (CSPI-Ts, CSPI-Bs) are prepared from the two diamines, 4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid and 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylicdianhydride. The rigid main-chain structure is cornerstone for wet CSPI-Ts and CSPI-Bs remaining stable at elevated temperatures. The introduction of hydrophobic cross-linked network further improves their dimensional stability and methanol resistance. CSPI-Ts and CSPI-Bs show obviously improved performances containing high proton conductivity (121 ± 0.27-158 ± 0.35 S cm-1 ), low swelling ratio (9.6 ± 0.40%-16.1 ± 0.01%) and methanol permeability (4.14-7.69 × 10-7 cm2 s-1 ) at 80 °C. The direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is assembled from CSPI-T-10 with balanced properties, and it exhibits high maximum power density (PDmax ) of 82.3 and 72.6 mW cm-2 in 2 and 10 m methanol solution, respectively. The ratio of PDmax in 10 m methanol solution to the value in 2 m methanol solution is as high as 88%. The CSPI-T-10 is promising proton exchange membrane candidate for DMFC application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Fan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Xie
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yang Pang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shiyang Zhu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Pengju Feng
- Guangzhou High-tech Zone Institute for Energy Technology Co., Ltd, Hongyuan Road 8, Guangzhou, 510700, P. R. China
| | - Xuanbo Zhu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chengji Zhao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shaowei Guan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Yao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer, Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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13
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Zelovich T, Dekel DR, Tuckerman ME. Electrostatic Potential of Functional Cations as a Predictor of Hydroxide Diffusion Pathways in Nanoconfined Environments of Anion Exchange Membranes. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:408-415. [PMID: 38179916 PMCID: PMC10801687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Nanoconfined anion exchange membranes (AEMs) play a vital role in emerging electrochemical technologies. The ability to control dominant hydroxide diffusion pathways is an important goal in the design of nanoconfined AEMs. Such control can shorten hydroxide transport pathways between electrodes, reduce transport resistance, and enhance device performance. In this work, we propose an electrostatic potential (ESP) approach to explore the effect of the polymer electrolyte cation spacing on hydroxide diffusion pathways from a molecular perspective. By exploring cation ESP energy surfaces and validating outcomes through prior ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of nanoconfined AEMs, we find that we can achieve control over preferred hydroxide diffusion pathways by adjusting the cation spacing. The results presented in this work provide a unique and straightforward approach to predict preferential hydroxide diffusion pathways, enabling efficient design of highly conductive nanoconfined AEM materials for electrochemical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Zelovich
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University (NYU), New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Dario R. Dekel
- Wolfson
Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion
− Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
- Nancy
& Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Mark E. Tuckerman
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University (NYU), New York, New York 10003, United States
- Courant
Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New
York University (NYU), New York, New York 10012, United States
- NYU-ECNU
Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, 3663 Zhongshan Rd. North, Shanghai 200062, China
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14
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Stevens MJ, Rempe SLB. Binding of Li + to Negatively Charged and Neutral Ligands in Polymer Electrolytes. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10200-10207. [PMID: 37930189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Conceptually, single-ion polymer electrolytes (SIPE) with the anion bound to the polymer could solve major issues in Li-ion batteries, but their conductivity is too low. Experimentally, weakly interacting anionic groups have the best conductivity. To provide a theoretical basis for this result, density functional theory calculations of the optimized geometries and energies are performed for charged ligands used in SIPE. Comparison is made to neutral ligands found in dual-ion conductors, which demonstrate higher conductivity. The free energy differences between adding and subtracting a ligand are small enough for the neutral ligands to have the conductivity seen experimentally. However, charged ligands have large barriers, implying that lithium transport will coincide with the slow polymer diffusion, as observed in experiments. Overall, SIPE will require additional solvent to achieve a sufficiently high conductivity. Additionally, the binding of mono- and bidentate geometries varies, providing a simple and clear reason that polarizable force fields are required for detailed interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Stevens
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Susan L B Rempe
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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15
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Stevens MJ, Rempe SLB. Binding of carboxylate and water to monovalent cations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:29881-29893. [PMID: 37889481 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04200f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The interactions of carboxylate anions with water and cations are important for a wide variety of systems, both biological and synthetic. To gain insight on properties of the local complexes, we apply density functional theory, to treat the complex electrostatic interactions, and investigate mixtures with varied numbers of carboxylate anions (acetate) and waters binding to monovalent cations, Li+, Na+ and K+. The optimal structure with overall lowest free energy contains two acetates and two waters such that the cation is four-fold coordinated, similar to structures found earlier for pure water or pure carboxylate ligands. More generally, the complexes with two acetates have the lowest free energy. In transitioning from the overall optimal state, exchanging an acetate for water has a lower free energy barrier than exchanging water for an acetate. In most cases, the carboxylates are monodentate and in the first solvation shell. As water is added to the system, hydrogen bonding between waters and carboxylate O atoms further stabilizes monodentate structures. These structures, which have strong electrostatic interactions that involve hydrogen bonds of varying strength, are significantly polarized, with ChelpG partial charges that vary substantially as the bonding geometry varies. Overall, these results emphasize the increasing importance of water as a component of binding sites as the number of ligands increases, thus affecting the preferential solvation of specific metal ions and clarifying Hofmeister effects. Finally, structural analysis correlated with free energy analysis supports the idea that binding to more than the preferred number of carboxylates under architectural constraints are a key to ion transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Stevens
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | - Susan L B Rempe
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
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16
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Han S, Wen P, Wang H, Zhou Y, Gu Y, Zhang L, Shao-Horn Y, Lin X, Chen M. Sequencing polymers to enable solid-state lithium batteries. NATURE MATERIALS 2023:10.1038/s41563-023-01693-z. [PMID: 37845320 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Rational designs of solid polymer electrolytes with high ion conduction are critical in enabling the creation of advanced lithium batteries. However, known polymer electrolytes have much lower ionic conductivity than liquid/ceramics at room temperature, which limits their practical use in batteries. Here we show that precise positioning of designed repeating units in alternating polymer sequences lays the foundation for homogenized Li+ distribution, non-aggregated Li+-anion solvation and sequence-assisted site-to-site ion migration, facilitating the tuning of Li+ conductivity by up to three orders of magnitude. The assembled all-solid-state batteries facilitate reversible and dendrite-mitigated cycling against Li metal from ambient to elevated temperatures. This work demonstrates a powerful molecular engineering means to access highly ion-conductive solid-state materials for next-generation energy devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaijiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Xinrong Lin
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.
| | - Mao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Lee J, Bark H, Xue Y, Lee PS, Zhong M. Size-Selective Ionic Crosslinking Provides Stretchable Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306994. [PMID: 37597178 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically compliant conductors are of utmost importance for the emerging fields of soft electronics and robotics. However, the development of intrinsically deformable organic conductors remains a challenge due to the trade-off between mechanical performance and charge mobility. In this study, we report a solution to this issue based on size-selective ionic crosslinking. This rationally designed crosslinking mediated by length-regulated oligo(ethylene glycol) pendant groups and metal ions simultaneously improved the softness and toughness and ensured excellent mixed ionic-electronic conductivity in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate composite materials. Moreover, the added ions remarkably promoted accumulation of charge carriers in response to temperature gradient, thus offering a viable approach to stretchable thermoelectric generators with enhanced stability against humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Bark
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yazhen Xue
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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18
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Zantza I, Pyrris Y, Raniolo S, Papadaki GF, Lambrinidis G, Limongelli V, Diallinas G, Mikros E. Uracil/H + Symport by FurE Refines Aspects of the Rocking-bundle Mechanism of APC-type Transporters. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168226. [PMID: 37544358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Transporters mediate the uptake of solutes, metabolites and drugs across the cell membrane. The eukaryotic FurE nucleobase/H+ symporter of Aspergillus nidulans has been used as a model protein to address structure-function relationships in the APC transporter superfamily, members of which are characterized by the LeuT-fold and seem to operate by the so-called 'rocking-bundle' mechanism. In this study, we reveal the binding mode, translocation and release pathway of uracil/H+ by FurE using path collective variable, funnel metadynamics and rational mutational analysis. Our study reveals a stepwise, induced-fit, mechanism of ordered sequential transport of proton and uracil, which in turn suggests that FurE, functions as a multi-step gated pore, rather than employing 'rocking' of compact domains, as often proposed for APC transporters. Finally, our work supports that specific residues of the cytoplasmic N-tail are involved in substrate translocation, in line with their essentiality for FurE function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana Zantza
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Yiannis Pyrris
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15781, Greece.
| | - Stefano Raniolo
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Euler Institute, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Lugano 6900, Switzerland.
| | - Georgia F Papadaki
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15781, Greece
| | - George Lambrinidis
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece.
| | - Vittorio Limongelli
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Euler Institute, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Lugano 6900, Switzerland; Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - George Diallinas
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15781, Greece; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion 70013, Greece.
| | - Emmanuel Mikros
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece; Athena Research and Innovation Center in Information Communication & Knowledge Technologies, Marousi 15125, Greece.
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19
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Stolberg MA, Paren BA, Leon PA, Brown CM, Winter G, Gordiz K, Concellón A, Gómez-Bombarelli R, Shao-Horn Y, Johnson JA. Lamellar Ionenes with Highly Dissociative, Anionic Channels Provide Lower Barriers for Cation Transport. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16200-16209. [PMID: 37459594 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Solid polymer electrolytes have the potential to enable safer and more energy-dense batteries; however, a deeper understanding of their ion conduction mechanisms, and how they can be optimized by molecular design, is needed to realize this goal. Here, we investigate the impact of anion dissociation energy on ion conduction in solid polymer electrolytes via a novel class of ionenes prepared using acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization of highly dissociative, liquid crystalline fluorinated aryl sulfonimide-tagged ("FAST") anion monomers. These ionenes with various cations (Li+, Na+, K+, and Cs+) form well-ordered lamellae that are thermally stable up to 180 °C and feature domain spacings that correlate with cation size, providing channels lined with dissociative FAST anions. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments, along with nudged elastic band (NEB) calculations, suggest that cation motion in these materials operates via an ion-hopping mechanism. The activation energy for Li+ conduction is 59 kJ/mol, which is among the lowest for systems that are proposed to operate via an ion conduction mechanism that is decoupled from polymer segmental motion. Moreover, the addition of a cation-coordinating solvent to these materials led to a >1000-fold increase in ionic conductivity without detectable disruption of the lamellar structure, suggesting selective solvation of the lamellar ion channels. This work demonstrates that molecular design can facilitate controlled formation of dissociative anionic channels that translate to significant enhancements in ion conduction in solid polymer electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Stolberg
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Benjamin A Paren
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Pablo A Leon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher M Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gavin Winter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kiarash Gordiz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alberto Concellón
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rafael Gómez-Bombarelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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20
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Xue Y, Cao M, Chen C, Zhong M. Design of Microstructure-Engineered Polymers for Energy and Environmental Conservation. JACS AU 2023; 3:1284-1300. [PMID: 37234122 PMCID: PMC10207122 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
With the ever-growing demand for sustainability, designing polymeric materials using readily accessible feedstocks provides potential solutions to address the challenges in energy and environmental conservation. Complementing the prevailing strategy of varying chemical composition, engineering microstructures of polymer chains by precisely controlling their chain length distribution, main chain regio-/stereoregularity, monomer or segment sequence, and architecture creates a powerful toolbox to rapidly access diversified material properties. In this Perspective, we lay out recent advances in utilizing appropriately designed polymers in a wide range of applications such as plastic recycling, water purification, and solar energy storage and conversion. With decoupled structural parameters, these studies have established various microstructure-function relationships. Given the progress outlined here, we envision that the microstructure-engineering strategy will accelerate the design and optimization of polymeric materials to meet sustainability criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Xue
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Mengxue Cao
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Charles Chen
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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21
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Li W, Yang F, Lin Z, Sun R, Chen L, Xie Y, Pang J, Jiang Z. Semi-crystalline sulfonated poly(ether ketone) proton exchange membranes: The trade-off of facile synthesis and performance. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 645:493-501. [PMID: 37159991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Improving the performance of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) through the synthesis of sulfonated polymers with elaborate molecular structures has received extensive approval. However, the tedious synthetic process and consequently high costs restrain their possible substitution for Nafion, a classic PEM material. Herein, a series of semi-crystalline sulfonated poly(ether ketone)s with fluorene-based units were prepared via direct copolymerization of commercially available monomers and followed post-sulfonation, namely SPEK-FD-x, where × represents the molar ratio of the fluorene-containing monomer to the employed bisphenol monomers. The entire synthetic pathway was facile without involving hardly accessible materials. Subsequently, various properties of SPEK-FD-x membranes were investigated and further compared with Nafion 117. Due to the formation of the well-defined hydrophilic-hydrophobic microphase separation morphology and the reinforcement of the PEK crystalline regions, the SPEK-FD-x membranes exhibited outstanding proton conductivity, resistance for methanol permeation, as well as dimensional, thermal, oxidative, and mechanical stability. Among them, the overall behavior of the SPEK-FD-25 membrane was comparable to or even greater than that of Nafion 117, most importantly, it also performed decently in both H2/air fuel cells and direct methanol fuel cells. Therefore, with the straightforward synthesis and superior performance, the SPEK-FD-x membranes may serve as a promising alternative to Nafion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Li
- Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education. National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer. College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education. National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer. College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR. China
| | - Ziyu Lin
- Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education. National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer. College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR. China
| | - Ruiyin Sun
- Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education. National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer. College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR. China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education. National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer. College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR. China
| | - Yunji Xie
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.18, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Jinhui Pang
- Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education. National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer. College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR. China.
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- Laboratory of High Performance Plastics (Jilin University), Ministry of Education. National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High Performance Polymer. College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR. China
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22
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Liu L, Cai L, Xiao H, Lai Y, Liu Y, Zhou X, Yin J, Yang J, Chen K, Yin P. Supramolecular Assembly and Microscopic Dynamics Modulation of Nanoscale Inorganic Cryptand and Polymer Complex for Versatile Design of Flexible Single-Ion Conductors. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2669-2676. [PMID: 36939274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c05043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The popular design of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) from the chain relaxation of polymers faces the trade-offs among ion conductivity, stability, and processability. Herein, 2 nm inorganic cryptand molecules with the capability to carry different types of cations, including Ag+, Na+, K+, and Ca2+, are complexed with cationic polymers via ionic interaction, respectively, and the hybrid materials further phase separate into lamellar or hexagonal columnar structures. The successful establishment of ordered structures with ion channels from the packing of inorganic cryptands confers SSEs' excellent ionic conductivity to versatile types of cations. Meanwhile, suggested from the combination of broad dielectric spectroscopy, rheology, and thermal analysis, the fast chain relaxation can activate the dynamics of inorganic cryptand molecules and facilitate the ion hopping process in ion channels. The supramolecular interaction in the complex enables the highly flexible physical appearance for defect-free contact with electrodes as well as cost-effective processability and recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Linkun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jiafu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Kun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Panchao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices & South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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23
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Wu J, Liao C, Li T, Zhou J, Zhang L, Wang JQ, Li G, Li X. Metal-coordinated polybenzimidazole membranes with preferential K + transport. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1149. [PMID: 36854779 PMCID: PMC9975182 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36711-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Membranes with fast and selective ion transport are essential for separations and electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices. Metal-coordinated polymers are promising for fabricating ion-conducting membranes with molecular channels, however, the structures and ion transport channels remain poorly understood. Here, we reported mechanistic insights into the structures of metal-ion coordinated polybenzimidazole membranes and the preferential K+ transport. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that coordination between metal ions and polybenzimidazole expanded the free volume, forming subnanometre molecular channels. The combined physical confinement in nanosized channels and electrostatic interactions of membranes resulted in a high K+ transference number up to 0.9 even in concentrated salt and alkaline solutions. The zinc-coordinated polybenzimidazole membrane enabled fast transport of charge carriers as well as suppressed water migration in an alkaline zinc-iron flow battery, enabling the battery to operate stably for over 340 hours. This study provided an alternative strategy to regulate the ion transport properties of polymer membranes by tuning polymer chain architectures via metal ion coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jine Wu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Division of Energy Storage, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Chenyi Liao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Tianyu Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Division of Energy Storage, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Jing Zhou
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800 China
| | - Linjuan Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800 China
| | - Jian-Qiang Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800 China
| | - Guohui Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Division of Energy Storage, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
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24
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Yao Y, Watanabe H, Hara M, Nagano S, Nagao Y. Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Property and Organized Structure in High Proton-Conductive Sulfonated Semialicyclic Oligoimide Thin Films. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:7470-7478. [PMID: 36872982 PMCID: PMC9979332 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fully aromatic sulfonated polyimides with a rigid backbone can form lamellar structures under humidified conditions, thereby facilitating the transmission of protons in ionomers. Herein, we synthesized a new sulfonated semialicyclic oligoimide composed of 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (CPDA) and 3,3'-bis-(sulfopropoxy)-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl to investigate the influence of molecular organized structure and proton conductivity with lower molecular weight. The weight-average molecular weight (M w) determined by gel permeation chromatography was 9300. Humidity-controlled grazing incidence X-ray scattering revealed that one scattering was observed in the out-of-plane direction and showed that the scattering position shifted to a lower angle as the humidity increased. A loosely packed lamellar structure was formed by lyotropic liquid crystalline properties. Although the ch-pack aggregation of the present oligomer was reduced by substitution to the semialicyclic CPDA from the aromatic backbone, the formation of a distinct organized structure in the oligomeric form was observed because of the linear conformational backbone. This report is the first-time observation of the lamellar structure in such a low-molecular-weight oligoimide thin film. The thin film exhibited a high conductivity of 0.2 (±0.01) S cm-1 under 298 K and 95% relative humidity, which is the highest value compared to the other reported sulfonated polyimide thin films with comparable molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Yao
- School
of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute
of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Hayato Watanabe
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Hara
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Rikkyo
University, 3-34-1 Nishi-ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagao
- School
of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute
of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
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25
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Tomoda M, Kondo M, Izu H, Masaoka S. Brønsted Acid/Base Site Isolated in a Pentanuclear Scaffold. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203253. [PMID: 36507625 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The concept of Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases is long and widely recognized as the most reasonable theory to explain the behavior of H+ ions. Here, we report a Brønsted acid/base pair that does not follow this theory. Two heteronuclear metal complexes, in which Brønsted acid/base sites are sterically isolated, were synthesized and characterized. These sterically isolated sites exhibited anomalous behavior, wherein the H+ species encapsulated in the Brønsted acid site did not undergo a deprotonation reaction, and the corresponding protonation reaction at the Brønsted base site failed to proceed. As a result, two states that are in a relationship of a Brønsted acid/base pair stably exist over a wide pH range without any interconversion, generating a thermodynamically metastable state. Additionally, these two states exhibited distinct electron transfer abilities and reactivities. The system presented in this study is in sharp contrast with the traditional concept of Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Tomoda
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Structural Molecular Sciences, SOKENDAI [The Graduate University for Advanced Studies] Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan
| | - Mio Kondo
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Izu
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Life and Coordination-Complex Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Masaoka
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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26
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Xia C, Li J, Qian Z, Xu F, Li Y, Zhu S, Qian HJ, Zhao C, Lu ZY, Yang B. Carbonized Polymer Dots Assemble in Proton-Conducting Channels to Enhance the Conductivity and Selectivity Simultaneously for High-Performance Fuel Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2205291. [PMID: 36635000 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) simultaneously with high ion conductivity and selectivity has always been an ultimate goal in many membrane-integrated systems for energy conversion and storage. Constructing broader ion-conducting channels usually enables high-efficient ion conductivity while often bringing increased crossover of other ions or molecules simultaneously, resulting in decreased selectivity. Here, the ultra-small carbon dots (CDs) with the selective barriers are self-assembled within proton-conducting channels of PEMs through electrostatic interaction to enhance the proton conductivity and selectivity simultaneously. The functional CDs regulate the nanophase separation of PEMs and optimize the hydration proton network enabling higher-efficient proton transport. Meanwhile, the CDs within proton-conducting channels prevent fuel from permeating selectively due to their repelling and spatial hindrance against fuel molecules, resulting in highly enhanced selectivity. Benefiting from the improved conductivity and selectivity, the open-circuit voltage and maximum power density of the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) equipped with the hybrid membranes raised by 23% and 93%, respectively. This work brings new insight to optimize polymer membranes for efficient and selective transport of ions or small molecules, solving the trade-off of conductivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Li
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Fengrui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Hu-Jun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chengji Zhao
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Institute, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
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27
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Kim SY, Kang M, Kang DW, Kim H, Choe JH, Yun H, Hong CS. Electronic Effect-Modulated Enhancements of Proton Conductivity in Porous Organic Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214301. [PMID: 36367202 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We proposed a new strategy to maximize the density of acidic groups by modulating the electronic effects of the substituents for high-performance proton conductors. The conductivity of the sulfonated 1-MeL40-S with methyl group corresponds to 2.29×10-1 S cm-1 at 80 °C and 90 % relative humidity, remarkably an 22100-fold enhancement over the nonsulfonated 1-MeL40. 1-MeL40-S maintains long-term conductivity for one month. We confirm that this synthetic method is generalized to the extended version POPs, 2-MeL40-S and 3-MeL40-S. In particular, the conductivities of the POPs compete with those of top-level porous organic conductors. Moreover, the activation energy of the POPs is lower than that of the top-performing materials. This study demonstrates that systematic alteration of the electronic effects of substituents is a useful route to improve the conductivity and long-term durability of proton-conducting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea university, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea university, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Won Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea university, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea university, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeak Choe
- Department of Chemistry, Korea university, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongryeol Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Korea university, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seop Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea university, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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28
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Zheng Y, Zhou Z, Jiao M, Wang L, Zhang J, Wu W, Wang J. Lamellar membrane with orderly aligned glycine molecules for efficient proton conduction. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2023.121433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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29
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Wang RY, Jeong S, Ham H, Kim J, Lee H, Son CY, Park MJ. Superionic Bifunctional Polymer Electrolytes for Solid-State Energy Storage and Conversion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203413. [PMID: 35861998 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Achieving superionic conductivity from solid-state polymer electrolytes is an important task in the development of future energy storage and conversion technologies. Herein, a platform for innovative electrolyte technologies based on a bifunctional polymer, poly(3-hydroxy-4-sulfonated styrene) (PS-3H4S), is presented. By incorporating OH and SO3 H functional groups at adjacent positions in the styrene repeating unit, "intra-monomer" hydrogen bonds are formed to effectively weaken the electrostatic interactions of the SO3 - moieties in the polymer matrix with embedded ions, promoting rich structural and dynamic heterogeneity in the PS-3H4S electrolyte. Upon the incorporation of an ionic liquid, interconnected rod-like ion channels, which allow the decoupling of ion relaxation from polymer relaxation, are formed in the stiff motif of the polymeric domains passivated by interfacial ionic layers. This results in accelerated proton hopping through the glassy polymer matrix, and proton hopping becomes more pronounced at cryogenic temperatures down to -35 °C. The PS-3H4S/ionic liquid composite electrolytes exhibit a high ionic conductivity of 10-3 S cm-1 and high storage modulus of ≈100 MPa at 25 °C, and can be successfully applied in soft actuators and lithium-metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonseong Ham
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yun Son
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Jeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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30
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Xue B, Zhu MZ, Fu SQ, Huang PP, Qian H, Liu PN. Facile synthesis of sulfonated poly(phenyl-alkane)s for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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He H, Zhu Y, Li T, Song S, Zhai L, Li X, Wu L, Li H. Supramolecular Anchoring of Polyoxometalate Amphiphiles into Nafion Nanophases for Enhanced Proton Conduction. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19240-19252. [PMID: 36315623 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Advanced proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are highly desirable in emerging sustainable energy technology. However, the further improvement of commercial perfluorosulfonic acid PEMs represented by Nafion is hindered by the lack of precise modification strategy due to their chemical inertness and low compatibility. Here, we report the robust assembly of polyethylene glycol grafted polyoxometalate amphiphile (GSiW11) into the ionic nanophases of Nafion, which largely enhances the comprehensive performance of Nafion. GSiW11 can coassemble with Nafion through multiple supramolecular interactions and realize a stable immobilization. The incorporation of GSiW11 can increase the whole proton content in the system and induce the hydrated ionic nanophase to form a wide channel for proton transport; meanwhile, GSiW11 can reinforce the Nafion ionic nanophase by noncovalent cross-linking. Based on these synergistic effects, the hybrid PEMs show multiple enhancements in proton conductivity, tensile strength, and fuel cell power density, which are all superior to the pristine Nafion. This work demonstrates the intriguing advantage of molecular nanoclusters as supramolecular enhancers to develop high-performance electrolyte materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun130012, China
| | - Youliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun130012, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun130012, China
| | - Shihao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun130012, China
| | - Liang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun130012, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun130012, China
| | - Lixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun130012, China
| | - Haolong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun130012, China
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32
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Shi B, Pang X, Li S, Wu H, Shen J, Wang X, Fan C, Cao L, Zhu T, Qiu M, Yin Z, Kong Y, Liu Y, Zhang M, Liu Y, Pan F, Jiang Z. Short hydrogen-bond network confined on COF surfaces enables ultrahigh proton conductivity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6666. [PMID: 36335107 PMCID: PMC9637196 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The idea of spatial confinement has gained widespread interest in myriad applications. Especially, the confined short hydrogen-bond (SHB) network could afford an attractive opportunity to enable proton transfer in a nearly barrierless manner, but its practical implementation has been challenging. Herein, we report a SHB network confined on the surface of ionic covalent organic framework (COF) membranes decorated by densely and uniformly distributed hydrophilic ligands. Combined experimental and theoretical evidences have pointed to the confinement of water molecules allocated to each ligand, achieving the local enrichment of hydronium ions and the concomitant formation of SHBs in water-hydronium domains. These overlapped water-hydronium domains create an interconnected SHB network, which yields an unprecedented ultrahigh proton conductivity of 1389 mS cm−1 at 90 °C, 100% relative humidity. When hydronium ions are enriched in confined water, short hydrogen bonds (SHBs) form due to the constrained space of excess protons between pairs of water molecules. Here authors demonstrate a SHB network confined on the surface of ionic COF membranes with tunable -SO3H groups, with proton conductivity of 1389 mS cm-1 at 90 oC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benbing Shi
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Pang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunning Li
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, 300192, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianliang Shen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyang Fan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Cao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuoyu Yin
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiqin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingzheng Zhang
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Pan
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China. .,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, 300192, Tianjin, China. .,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, 350207, Fuzhou, China. .,Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, 315201, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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33
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Xie T, Pang Y, Fan H, Zhu S, Zhao C, Guan S, Yao H. Controlling the microphase morphology and performance of cross-linked highly sulfonated polyimide membranes by varying the molecular structure and volume of the hydrophobic cross-linkable diamine monomers. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Liu J, Yang L, Pickett PD, Park B, Schaefer JL. Li + Transport in Single-Ion Conducting Side-Chain Polymer Electrolytes with Nanoscale Self-Assembly of Ordered Ionic Domains. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Lingyu Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Phillip D. Pickett
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Bumjun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Schaefer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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35
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Zhu Z, Paddison SJ. Perspective: Morphology and ion transport in ion-containing polymers from multiscale modeling and simulations. Front Chem 2022; 10:981508. [PMID: 36059884 PMCID: PMC9437359 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.981508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion-containing polymers are soft materials composed of polymeric chains and mobile ions. Over the past several decades they have been the focus of considerable research and development for their use as the electrolyte in energy conversion and storage devices. Recent and significant results obtained from multiscale simulations and modeling for proton exchange membranes (PEMs), anion exchange membranes (AEMs), and polymerized ionic liquids (polyILs) are reviewed. The interplay of morphology and ion transport is emphasized. We discuss the influences of polymer architecture, tethered ionic groups, rigidity of the backbone, solvents, and additives on both morphology and ion transport in terms of specific interactions. Novel design strategies are highlighted including precisely controlling molecular conformations to design highly ordered morphologies; tuning the solvation structure of hydronium or hydroxide ions in hydrated ion exchange membranes; turning negative ion-ion correlations to positive correlations to improve ionic conductivity in polyILs; and balancing the strength of noncovalent interactions. The design of single-ion conductors, well-defined supramolecular architectures with enhanced one-dimensional ion transport, and the understanding of the hierarchy of the specific interactions continue as challenges but promising goals for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen J. Paddison
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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36
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Balzade Z, Sharif F, Ghaffarian Anbaran SR. Tailor-Made Functional Polyolefins of Complex Architectures: Recent Advances, Applications, and Prospects. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Balzade
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 158754413, Iran
| | - Farhad Sharif
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 158754413, Iran
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37
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Duan Y, Ru C, Pang Y, Li J, Liu B, Zhao C. Crosslinked PAEK-based nanofiber reinforced Nafion membrane with ion-paired interfaces towards high-concentration DMFC. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Park J, Staiger A, Mecking S, Winey KI. Enhanced Li-Ion Transport through Selectively Solvated Ionic Layers of Single-Ion Conducting Multiblock Copolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:1008-1013. [PMID: 35876880 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate enhanced Li+ transport through the selectively solvated ionic layers of a single-ion conducting polymer. The polymer is a precisely segmented ion-containing multiblock copolymers with well-defined Li+SO3- ionic layers between crystallized linear aliphatic 18-carbon blocks. X-ray scattering reveals that the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) molecules selectively solvate the ionic layers without disrupting the crystallization of the polymer backbone. The amount of DMSO (∼21 wt %) calculated from the increased layer spacing is consistent with thermogravimetric analysis. The ionic conductivity through DMSO-solvated ionic layers is >104 times higher than in the dried state, indicating a significant enhancement of ion transport in the presence of this solvent. Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) further elucidates the role of the structural relaxation time (τ) and the number of free Li+ (n) on the ionic conductivity (σ). Specifically, DRS reveals that the solvation of ionic domains with DMSO contributes to both accelerating the structural relaxation and the dissociation of ion pairs. This study is the initial demonstration that selective solvation is a viable design strategy to improve ionic conductivity in nanophase separated, single-ion conducting multiblock copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseok Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Anne Staiger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karen I Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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39
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Kyeong M, Chae JE, Lee SY, Lim TH, Kim M, Lee SS, Song KH, Kim HJ. Development of Poly(Arylene ether Sulfone)-Based blend membranes containing aliphatic moieties for the low-temperature decal transfer method. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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40
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Phase Behavior and Ionic Conductivity of Blended, Ion-Condensed Electrolytes with Ordered Morphologies. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the amphiphilic salt lithium trifluoromethanesulfonylimide octadecane (C18LiTFSI) was used as a basis to investigate the effects of anion density and cation coordination sites within blended electrolytes with strong ionic aggregation. C18LiTFSI was previously reported as a single-component, ion-condensed electrolyte with a wide layered liquid crystalline phase regime. Three additive molecules with varyingly sized polar sulfonyl groups attached to an octodecane-tail were synthesized and mixed with C18LiTFSI. The thermal properties, morphology, and ionic conductivity of the blended electrolytes were characterized. It was found that the blended electrolytes exhibited layered liquid crystalline morphology over a narrower temperature range than the pure salt, and the ionic conductivity of the blended liquid crystalline electrolytes were generally lower than that of the pure salt. Surprising, the additives were found to have the greatest effect on the bulk ionic conductivity of the semicrystalline phase of the electrolytes. Addition of minor fractions of methylsulfonyloctadecane to C18LiTFSI resulted in increases in conductivity of over two orders of magnitude at room temperature, while addition of ethylsulfonyloctadecane or isopropylsulfonyloctadecane with the larger head group resulted in decreased ionic conductivity over the entire composition space and temperature range investigated.
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41
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Bruckner EP, Curk T, Đorđević L, Wang Z, Yang Y, Qiu R, Dannenhoffer AJ, Sai H, Kupferberg J, Palmer LC, Luijten E, Stupp SI. Hybrid Nanocrystals of Small Molecules and Chemically Disordered Polymers. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8993-9003. [PMID: 35588377 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic crystals formed by small molecules can be highly functional but are often brittle or insoluble structures with limited possibilities for use or processing from a liquid phase. A possible solution is the nanoscale integration of polymers into organic crystals without sacrificing long-range order and therefore function. This enables the organic crystals to benefit from the advantageous mechanical and chemical properties of the polymeric component. We report here on a strategy in which small molecules cocrystallize with side chains of chemically disordered polymers to create hybrid nanostructures containing a highly ordered lattice. Synchrotron X-ray scattering, absorption spectroscopy, and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the polymer backbones form an "exo-crystalline" layer of disordered chains that wrap around the nanostructures, becoming a handle for interesting properties. The morphology of this "hybrid bonding polymer" nanostructure is dictated by the competition between the polymers' entropy and the enthalpy of the lattice allowing for control over the aspect ratio of the nanocrystal by changing the degree of polymer integration. We observed that nanostructures with an exo-crystalline layer of polymer exhibit enhanced fracture strength, self-healing capacity, and dispersion in water, which benefits their use as light-harvesting assemblies in photocatalysis. Guided by computation, future work could further explore these hybrid nanostructures as components for functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Bruckner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tine Curk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Luka Đorđević
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yang Yang
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Ruomeng Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Adam J Dannenhoffer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hiroaki Sai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Jacob Kupferberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Liam C Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Erik Luijten
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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42
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Ge X, Zhang F, Wu L, Yang Z, Xu T. Current Challenges and Perspectives of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Ge
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhengjin Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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43
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Liu D, Xie Y, Zhong J, Yang F, Pang J, Jiang Z. High methanol resistance semi-crystalline sulfonated poly(ether ketone) proton exchange membrane for direct methanol fuel cell. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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44
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Grim BJ, Green MD. Thermodynamics and Structure‐Property Relationships of Charged Block Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. Grim
- Chemical Engineering School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287
| | - Matthew D. Green
- Chemical Engineering School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287
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45
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Yu W, Zhang K, Zhang J, Liang X, Ge X, Ge Z, Wei C, Song W, Xu T, Wu L. Efficient lamellar two‐dimensional proton channels derived from dipole interactions in a polyelectrolyte membrane. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weisheng Yu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Kaiyu Zhang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Xian Liang
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Xiaolin Ge
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Zijuan Ge
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Chengpeng Wei
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Wanjie Song
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Liang Wu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Materials and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
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46
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Zhao F, Liu H, Li H, Cao Y, Hua X, Ge S, He Y, Jiang C, He D. Cogel Strategy for the Preparation of a "Thorn"-Like Porous Halloysite/Gelatin Composite Aerogel with Excellent Mechanical Properties and Thermal Insulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:17763-17773. [PMID: 35384643 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the preparation and property characterization of a biomass gelatin (GA)-based aerogel. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were used to improve the mechanical strength, pore size distribution, and thermal stability of the aerogel. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) and (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) were utilized to increase the interfacial interaction between HNTs and GA through chemical cross-linking. Green, sustainable, and low-cost composite aerogels were prepared by "cogel" and freeze-drying techniques. The experimental results show that the HNTs/GA composite aerogel has a low density (31.98-57.48 mg/cm3), a high porosity (>95%), a low thermal conductivity (31.85-40.16 mW m-1 K-1), and superior moldability. In addition, the mechanical strength and thermal insulation properties of the HNTs/GA composite aerogels with a "thorn"-like lamellar porous network structure are different in the axial direction versus the radial direction. The maximum compressive strength, maximum compressive modulus, and corresponding specific modulus in the axial direction were 1.81 MPa, 5.45 MPa, and 94.8 kN m kg-1, respectively. Therefore, the biomass/clay composite aerogel will be a sustainable and renewable functional material with high mechanical strength and thermal insulation properties, which is expected to further promote biomass and clay for high value utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Hanxin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Yixin Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Xuyu Hua
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Shengzhuo Ge
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Yu He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Chongwen Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese Resources, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Dewen He
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
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47
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48
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Park J, Staiger A, Mecking S, Winey KI. Ordered Nanostructures in Thin Films of Precise Ion-Containing Multiblock Copolymers. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:388-393. [PMID: 35350601 PMCID: PMC8949628 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that ionic functionality in a multiblock architecture produces highly ordered and sub-3 nm nanostructures in thin films, including bicontinuous double gyroids. At 40 °C, precise ion-containing multiblock copolymers of poly(ethylene-b-lithium sulfosuccinate ester) n (PESxLi, x = 12 or 18) exhibit layered ionic assemblies parallel to the substrate. These ionic layers are separated by crystalline polyethylene blocks with the polymer backbones perpendicular to the substrate. Notably, above the melting temperature (T m) of the polyethylene blocks, layered PES18Li thin films transform into a highly oriented double-gyroid morphology with the (211) plane (d 211 = 2.5 nm) aligned parallel to the substrate. The cubic lattice parameter (a gyr) of the double gyroid is 6.1 nm. Upon heating further above T m, the double-gyroid morphology in PES18Li transitions into hexagonally packed cylinders with cylinders parallel to the substrate. These layered, double-gyroid, and cylinder nanostructures form epitaxially and spontaneously without secondary treatment, such as interfacial layers and solvent vapor annealing. When the film thickness is less than ∼3a gyr, double gyroids and cylinders coexist due to the increased confinement. For PES12Li above T m, the layered ionic assemblies simply transform into disordered morphology. Given the chemical tunability of ion-functionalized multiblock copolymers, this study reveals a versatile pathway to fabricating ordered nanostructures in thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseok Park
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Anne Staiger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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49
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Paren BA, Häußler M, Rathenow P, Mecking S, Winey KI. Decoupled Cation Transport within Layered Assemblies in Sulfonated and Crystalline Telechelic Polyethylenes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Paren
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Manuel Häußler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Patrick Rathenow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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50
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Zelovich T, Tuckerman ME. Controlling Hydronium Diffusivity in Model Proton Exchange Membranes. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2245-2253. [PMID: 35238561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c04071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fuel-cell-based proton exchange membranes (PEMs) show great potential as cost-effective and clean energy conversion devices. In our recent work, we found that for the low-hydrated model PEMs with a inhomogeneous water distribution and a sulfonate anionic functional end group (SO3-), the H3O+ reacts with SO3- according to SO3- + H3O+ ↔ SO3H + H2O, indicating that the anions in PEMs become active participants in the hydronium diffusion. In this work, we use fully atomistic ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the optimal conditions that would promote the participation of SO3- in the hydronium diffusion mechanism by increasing the H3O+/SO3- reactivity, thus increasing the hydronium diffusivity along the cell. The results presented in this work allow us to suggest a set of design rules for creating novel, highly conductive PEMs operating at high temperatures under a nonuniform water distribution using a linker/anion with a relatively high pKa such as (CH2)2SO3. We expect that the discovery of these key design principles will play an important role in the synthesis of high-performing materials for emerging PEM-based fuel cell technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Zelovich
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Mark E Tuckerman
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, New York 10012, United States
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry, New York University Shanghai, 3663 North Zhongshan Rd, Shanghai 200062, China
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