1
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Pan H, Li J, Wang Y, Xia Q, Qiu L, Zhou B. Solar-Driven Biomass Reforming for Hydrogen Generation: Principles, Advances, and Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402651. [PMID: 38816938 PMCID: PMC11304308 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) has emerged as a clean and versatile energy carrier to power a carbon-neutral economy for the post-fossil era. Hydrogen generation from low-cost and renewable biomass by virtually inexhaustible solar energy presents an innovative strategy to process organic solid waste, combat the energy crisis, and achieve carbon neutrality. Herein, the progress and breakthroughs in solar-powered H2 production from biomass are reviewed. The basic principles of solar-driven H2 generation from biomass are first introduced for a better understanding of the reaction mechanism. Next, the merits and shortcomings of various semiconductors and cocatalysts are summarized, and the strategies for addressing the related issues are also elaborated. Then, various bio-based feedstocks for solar-driven H2 production are reviewed with an emphasis on the effect of photocatalysts and catalytic systems on performance. Of note, the concurrent generation of value-added chemicals from biomass reforming is emphasized as well. Meanwhile, the emerging photo-thermal coupling strategy that shows a grand prospect for maximally utilizing the entire solar energy spectrum is also discussed. Further, the direct utilization of hydrogen from biomass as a green reductant for producing value-added chemicals via organic reactions is also highlighted. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of photoreforming biomass toward hydrogen are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Pan
- College of BiologicalChemical Science and EngineeringJiaxing University899 Guangqiong RoadJiaxingZhejiang314001China
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Renewable Synthetic FuelSchool of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
| | - Jinglin Li
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Renewable Synthetic FuelSchool of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
| | - Yangang Wang
- College of BiologicalChemical Science and EngineeringJiaxing University899 Guangqiong RoadJiaxingZhejiang314001China
| | - Qineng Xia
- College of BiologicalChemical Science and EngineeringJiaxing University899 Guangqiong RoadJiaxingZhejiang314001China
| | - Liang Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Renewable Synthetic FuelSchool of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
| | - Baowen Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Renewable Synthetic FuelSchool of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
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2
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Kolchanov DS, Machnev A, Blank A, Barhom H, Zhu L, Lin Q, Inberg A, Rusimova KR, Mikhailova MA, Gumennik A, Salgals T, Bobrovs V, Valev VK, Mosley PJ, Ginzburg P. Thermo-optics of gilded hollow-core fibers. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:13945-13952. [PMID: 38980062 PMCID: PMC11271976 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05310e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Hollow core fibers, supporting waveguiding in a void, open a room of opportunities for numerous applications owing to an extended light-matter interaction distance and relatively high optical confinement. Decorating an inner capillary with functional materials allows tailoring the fiber's optical properties further and turns the structure into a functional device. Here, we functionalize an anti-resonant hollow-core fiber with 18 nm-size gold nanoparticles, approaching a uniform 45% surface coverage along 10 s of centimeters along its inner capillary. Owing to a moderately low overlap between the fundamental mode and the gold layer, the fiber maintains its high transmission properties; nevertheless, the entire structure experiences considerable heating, which is observed and quantified with the aid of a thermal camera. The hollow core and the surrounding capillary are subsequently filled with ethanol and thermo-optical heating is demonstrated. We also show that at moderate laser intensities, the liquid inside the fiber begins to boil and, as a result, the optical guiding is destroyed. The gilded hollow core fiber and its high thermal-optical responsivity suggest considering the structure as an efficient optically driven catalytic reactor in applications where either small reaction volumes or remote control over a process are demanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis S Kolchanov
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Andrey Machnev
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Alexandra Blank
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Hani Barhom
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
- Israel Triangle Regional Research and Development Center, Kfar Qara' 3007500, Israel
| | - Liangquan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Qijing Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Alexandra Inberg
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Kristina R Rusimova
- Center for Photonics and Photonic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Mariia A Mikhailova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Alexander Gumennik
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Toms Salgals
- Institute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Vjačeslavs Bobrovs
- Institute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ventsislav K Valev
- Center for Photonics and Photonic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Peter J Mosley
- Center for Photonics and Photonic Materials, Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Pavel Ginzburg
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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3
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Zhang X, Luo T, Wang Y, Li Y. Mechanistic Insights into the Discharge Processes of Li-CO 2 Batteries. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400414. [PMID: 38454788 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Li-CO2 batteries facilitate renewable energy storage in a cost-effective, eco-friendly manner. However, an inadequate understanding of their reaction mechanism severely impedes their development. Here we outline recent mechanistic advances in the discharge processes of Li-CO2 batteries, particularly in terms of the theoretical aspect. First, the vital factors affecting the formation of discharge intermediates are highlighted, and a surface lithiation mechanism predominantly applicable to catalysts with weak CO2 adsorption is proposed. Subsequently, the modeling of the chemical potential of Li++e-, which is crucial for the evaluation of the theoretical limiting voltage, is detailed. Finally, challenges and future directions pertaining to the further development of Li-CO2 are discussed. In essence, this concept article seeks to inspire future experimental and theoretical studies in advancing the development of Li-CO2 electrochemical technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yafei Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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4
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Zhang L, An X, Feng K, Li J, Liu J, Chen J, Li C, Zhang X, He L. Non-Photochemical Origin of Selectivity Difference between Light and Dark Catalytic Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:21987-21996. [PMID: 38636167 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The interest in introducing light into heterogeneous catalysis is driven not only by the urgent need of replacing fossil energy but also by the promise of controlling product selectivity by light. The product selectivity differences observed in recent studies between light and dark reactions are often attributed to photochemical effects. Here, we report the discovery of a non-photochemical origin of selectivity difference, at essentially the same CO2 conversion rate, between photothermal and thermal CO2 hydrogenation reactions over a Ru/TiO2-x catalyst. While the presence of the photochemical effect from ultraviolet light is confirmed, it merely enhances the catalytic activity. Systematic investigation reveals that the gradual formation of an adsorbate-mediated strong metal-support interaction under catalytic conditions is responsible for the variation in the catalytic selectivity. We demonstrate that differences in product selectivity under light/dark reactions do not necessarily originate from photochemical effects. Our study refines the basis for determining photochemical effects and highlights the importance of excluding non-photochemical effects in mechanistic studies of light-controlled product selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xingda An
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Kai Feng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Institute of Information Technology, Suzhou Institute of Trade and Commerce, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jinxing Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Le He
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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5
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Chee SW, Lunkenbein T, Schlögl R, Roldán Cuenya B. Operando Electron Microscopy of Catalysts: The Missing Cornerstone in Heterogeneous Catalysis Research? Chem Rev 2023; 123:13374-13418. [PMID: 37967448 PMCID: PMC10722467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysis in thermal gas-phase and electrochemical liquid-phase chemical conversion plays an important role in our modern energy landscape. However, many of the structural features that drive efficient chemical energy conversion are still unknown. These features are, in general, highly distinct on the local scale and lack translational symmetry, and thus, they are difficult to capture without the required spatial and temporal resolution. Correlating these structures to their function will, conversely, allow us to disentangle irrelevant and relevant features, explore the entanglement of different local structures, and provide us with the necessary understanding to tailor novel catalyst systems with improved productivity. This critical review provides a summary of the still immature field of operando electron microscopy for thermal gas-phase and electrochemical liquid-phase reactions. It focuses on the complexity of investigating catalytic reactions and catalysts, progress in the field, and analysis. The forthcoming advances are discussed in view of correlative techniques, artificial intelligence in analysis, and novel reactor designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- See Wee Chee
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldán Cuenya
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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6
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Sharma R, Yang WCD. Hybrid Electron Microscope for Multimodal in situ Measurements. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1942-1943. [PMID: 37612970 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renu Sharma
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Wei-Chang David Yang
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
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7
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Chao HY, Venkatraman K, Moniri S, Jiang Y, Tang X, Dai S, Gao W, Miao J, Chi M. In Situ and Emerging Transmission Electron Microscopy for Catalysis Research. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37327473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Catalysts are the primary facilitator in many dynamic processes. Therefore, a thorough understanding of these processes has vast implications for a myriad of energy systems. The scanning/transmission electron microscope (S/TEM) is a powerful tool not only for atomic-scale characterization but also in situ catalytic experimentation. Techniques such as liquid and gas phase electron microscopy allow the observation of catalysts in an environment conducive to catalytic reactions. Correlated algorithms can greatly improve microscopy data processing and expand multidimensional data handling. Furthermore, new techniques including 4D-STEM, atomic electron tomography, cryogenic electron microscopy, and monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) push the boundaries of our comprehension of catalyst behavior. In this review, we discuss the existing and emergent techniques for observing catalysts using S/TEM. Challenges and opportunities highlighted aim to inspire and accelerate the use of electron microscopy to further investigate the complex interplay of catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yun Chao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, One Bethel Valley Road, Building 4515, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6064, United States
| | - Kartik Venkatraman
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, One Bethel Valley Road, Building 4515, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6064, United States
| | - Saman Moniri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenpei Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jianwei Miao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Miaofang Chi
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, One Bethel Valley Road, Building 4515, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6064, United States
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8
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Li Y. Mechanical Understanding of Li-CO 2 Batteries: The Critical Role of Forming Intermediate *Li 2O. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1604-1608. [PMID: 36749174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emerging Li-CO2 batteries are considered a promising next-generation power system because they can fix CO2 while storing energy; however, their underlying mechanism remains elusive, impeding their efficient development. Meanwhile, apart from the conventional discharge product Li2CO3, the unexpected Li2O species has also been detected, but its formation process is thus far undecided. Here, we report a new mechanism for Li-CO2 batteries using first-principles calculations, which explains the long-standing puzzles. We show that such a process can be divided into two stages: (I) forming intermediate *Li2C2O4 via surface lithiation and (II) generating -Li2CO3 and C through a *Li2O-mediated pathway. We discover that the major kinetic barrier occurs in the coupling of *Li2CO2 and CO2 in the first stage. Especially, in the second stage, *CO produced from *Li2C2O4 decomposition is preferentially lithiated to *LiOC rather than disproportionated, and then *LiOC can be further lithiated to intermediate *Li2O after C nucleation, which contributes to the final formation of Li2CO3 in the presence of sufficient CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Numerical Simulation of Large Scale Complex Systems, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Numerical Simulation of Large Scale Complex Systems, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Numerical Simulation of Large Scale Complex Systems, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
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9
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Chen Y, Zhu Y, Sheng H, Wang J, Zhang C, Chen Y, Huang W, Lu G. Molecular Coadsorption of p-Hydroxythiophenol on Silver Nanoparticles Boosts the Plasmon-Mediated Decarboxylation Reaction. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yameng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Huixiang Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chengyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yaqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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10
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11
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Jia H, Wang C, Wang C, Clancy P. Ab Initiomodeling of Near-Edge EELS spectra for chemisorbed molecules. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:355702. [PMID: 34096892 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac027d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) has recently been applied to probe chemisorbed molecules on metal nanostructures, but a fundamental understanding of the correlation between these spectra and the electronic structures of the adsorbates has been limited. We report here on the insights afforded by time-dependent density functional theory to decipher the energy loss near edge structure (ELNES) of EELS spectra associated with chemisorption. These first-principles calculations simulate the ELNES-EELS spectra for chemisorbed CO on various facets of Au and Pt. Computational predictions of key signatures such as the 'red shift' and reductions in the peak intensity of the 2π* and 6σ* peaks, as compared to free CO in the gas phase, are validated in comparison to experimentally collected EELS spectra. These signatures are revealed to arise from changes in the electronic structure in terms of unoccupied density of states associated with the chemisorption process. They are consistent with a Blyholder model that incorporates donation and back-donation of electrons. They are also characteristic of the chemisorption process, such as the choice of metal, site of adsorption and the coverage and distribution of adsorbates. Our simulations thus provide guidelines for the use of ELNES-EELS to characterize the atomic structure and adsorption property of nanostructured surfaces and facilitate the development of advanced nanomaterials for catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Jia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Canhui Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
| | - Paulette Clancy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States of America
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12
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Wang C, Yang WCD, Raciti D, Bruma A, Marx R, Agrawal A, Sharma R. Endothermic reaction at room temperature enabled by deep-ultraviolet plasmons. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:346-352. [PMID: 33139891 PMCID: PMC8364736 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-00851-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles have been used to harvest energy from a light source and transfer it to adsorbed gas molecules, which results in a reduced chemical reaction temperature. However, most reported reactions, such as ethylene epoxidation, ammonia decomposition and H-D bond formation are exothermic, and only H-D bond formation has been achieved at room temperature. These reactions require low activation energies (<2 eV), which are readily attained using visible-frequency localized surface plasmons (from ~1.75 eV to ~3.1 eV). Here, we show that endothermic reactions that require higher activation energy (>3.1 eV) can be initiated at room temperature by using localized surface plasmons in the deep-UV range. As an example, by leveraging simultaneous excitation of multiple localized surface plasmon modes of Al nanoparticles by using high-energy electrons, we initiate the reduction of CO2 to CO by carbon at room temperature. We employ an environmental transmission electron microscope to excite and characterize Al localized surface plasmon resonances, and simultaneously measure the spatial distribution of carbon gasification near the nanoparticles in a CO2 environment. This approach opens a path towards exploring other industrially relevant chemical processes that are initiated by plasmonic fields at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhui Wang
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, and Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Wei-Chang D Yang
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, and Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - David Raciti
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Alina Bruma
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, and Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Amit Agrawal
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, and Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Renu Sharma
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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13
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Zhan C, Wang QX, Yi J, Chen L, Wu DY, Wang Y, Xie ZX, Moskovits M, Tian ZQ. Plasmonic nanoreactors regulating selective oxidation by energetic electrons and nanoconfined thermal fields. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/10/eabf0962. [PMID: 33674315 PMCID: PMC7935359 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf0962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing product selectivity and conversion efficiency are primary goals in catalysis. However, efficiency and selectivity are often mutually antagonistic, so that high selectivity is accompanied by low efficiency and vice versa. Also, just increasing the temperature is very unlikely to change the reaction pathway. Here, by constructing hierarchical plasmonic nanoreactors, we show that nanoconfined thermal fields and energetic electrons, a combination of attributes that coexist almost uniquely in plasmonic nanostructures, can overcome the antagonism by regulating selectivity and promoting conversion rate concurrently. For propylene partial oxidation, they drive chemical reactions by not only regulating parallel reaction pathways to selectively produce acrolein but also reducing consecutive process to inhibit the overoxidation to CO2, resulting in valuable products different from thermal catalysis. This suggests a strategy to rationally use plasmonic nanostructures to optimize chemical processes, thereby achieving high yield with high selectivity at lower temperature under visible light illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qiu-Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - De-Yin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhao-Xiong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Martin Moskovits
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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14
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Sytwu K, Vadai M, Hayee F, Angell DK, Dai A, Dixon J, Dionne JA. Driving energetically unfavorable dehydrogenation dynamics with plasmonics. Science 2021; 371:280-283. [PMID: 33446555 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle surface structure and geometry generally dictate where chemical transformations occur, with higher chemical activity at sites with lower activation energies. Here, we show how optical excitation of plasmons enables spatially modified phase transformations, activating otherwise energetically unfavorable sites. We have designed a crossed-bar Au-PdH x antenna-reactor system that localizes electromagnetic enhancement away from the innately reactive PdH x nanorod tips. Using optically coupled in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy, we track the dehydrogenation of individual antenna-reactor pairs with varying optical illumination intensity, wavelength, and hydrogen pressure. Our in situ experiments show that plasmons enable new catalytic sites, including dehydrogenation at the nanorod faces. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm that these new nucleation sites are energetically unfavorable in equilibrium and only accessible through tailored plasmonic excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Sytwu
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, 348 Via Pueblo, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michal Vadai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Fariah Hayee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 350 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel K Angell
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alan Dai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jefferson Dixon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, 440 Escondido Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer A Dionne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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15
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Zeng Y, Madsen SJ, Yankovich AB, Olsson E, Sinclair R. Comparative electron and photon excitation of localized surface plasmon resonance in lithographic gold arrays for enhanced Raman scattering. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:23768-23779. [PMID: 33232431 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability to tune the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of nanostructures is desirable for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), plasmon-assisted chemistry and other nanophotonic applications. Although historically the LSPR is mainly studied by optical techniques, with the recent advancement in electron monochromators and correctors, it has attracted considerable attention in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Here, we use electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a scanning TEM to study individual gold nanodiscs and bowties in lithographic arrays with variable LSPRs by adjusting the size, interspacing, shape and dielectric environment during the nanofabrication process. We observe the strongest Raman signal enhancement when the LSPR frequency is close to the incident laser frequency in Raman spectroscopy. A simplified harmonic oscillator model is used to estimate SERS enhancement factor (EF) from EELS, bridging the connection between electron and photon excitation of plasmonic arrays. This work demonstrates that STEM-EELS shows promise for revealing the contributions of specific LSPR modes to SERS EF. Our results provide guidelines to fine-tune nanoparticle parameters to deliver the maximum signal enhancement in biosensing applications, such as early cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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16
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Guo L, Wang Y, Bao DL, Jia HH, Wang Z, Du S, Guo Q. On-surface synthesis of size- and shape-controlled two-dimensional Au n nanoclusters using a flexible fullerene molecular template. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:21657-21664. [PMID: 33106823 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Synthesizing nano-clusters with a well-defined size, shape, and composition is an important and challenging goal in nanotechnology. Here we report the application of a single layer C60 molecule as an effective molecular template for the synthesis of size- and shape-selected two-dimensional gold clusters (Aun) on a graphite substrate. This molecular template facilitates the preferential formation of Au19 clusters with a selectivity as high as 90%. Density-functional-theory (DFT) calculations found an energy minimum associated with C60-stabilized two-dimensional Au19 clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu'an Guo
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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17
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Yang D. Direct Detection of Ultraweak CO Signal with Cavity Plasmon by Resonant Vibration–Plasmon Coupling. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da‐Jie Yang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing 100193 China
- Mathematics and Physics Department North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China
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18
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Kim J, Yoo S, Kim JM, Choi S, Kim J, Park SJ, Park D, Nam JM, Park S. Synthesis and Single-Particle Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Study of Plasmonic Tripod Nanoframes with Y-Shaped Hot-Zones. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4362-4369. [PMID: 32364741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, plasmonic metal tripod nanoframes with three-fold symmetry were synthesized in a high yield (∼83%), and their electric field distribution and single-particle surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) were studied. We realized such complex frame morphology by synthesizing analogous tripod nanoframes through multiple transformations. The precise control of the Au growth pattern led to uniform tripod nanoframes embedded with circle or line-shaped hot spots. The linear-shaped nanogaps ("Y"-shaped hot-zone) of the frame structures can strongly and efficiently confine the electric field, allowing for strong SERS signals. Coupled with a high synthetic yield of the targeted frame structure, strong and uniform SERS signals were obtained inside the nanoframe gaps. Remarkably, quite reproducible SERS signals were obtained with these structures-the SERS enhancement factors with an average value of 7.9 × 107 with a distribution of enhancement factors from 2.2 × 107 to 2.2 × 108 for 45 measured individual particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Sungjae Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jae-Myoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sungwoo Choi
- Department of Applied Optics and Physics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea
| | - Juri Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - So-Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Doojae Park
- Department of Applied Optics and Physics, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea
| | - Jwa-Min Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sungho Park
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
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19
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Levin BDA, Haiber D, Liu Q, Crozier PA. An Open-Cell Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy Technique for In Situ Characterization of Samples in Aqueous Liquid Solutions. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2020; 26:134-138. [PMID: 31948500 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927619015320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The desire to image specimens in liquids has led to the development of open-cell and closed-cell techniques in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The closed-cell approach is currently more common in TEM and has yielded new insights into a number of biological and materials processes in liquid environments. The open-cell approach, which requires an environmental TEM (ETEM), is technically challenging but may be advantageous in certain circumstances due to fewer restrictions on specimen and detector geometry. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach to open-cell liquid TEM, in which we use salt particles to facilitate the in situ formation of droplets of aqueous solution that envelope specimen particles coloaded with the salt. This is achieved by controlling sample temperature between 1 and 10°C and introducing water vapor to the ETEM chamber above the critical pressure for the formation of liquid water on the salt particles. Our use of in situ hydration enables specimens to be loaded into a microscope in a dry state using standard 3 mm TEM grids, allowing specimens to be prepared using trivial sample preparation techniques. Our future aim will be to combine this technique with an in situ light source to study photocorrosion in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnaby D A Levin
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Diane Haiber
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Qianlang Liu
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Peter A Crozier
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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20
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High-Performance Sample Substrate of Gold Nanoparticle Multilayers for Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9081078. [PMID: 31357575 PMCID: PMC6723548 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of a sample substrate with superior performance for desorption and ionization of analyte is the key issue to ameliorate the quality of mass spectra for measurements of small molecules in surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS). Herein, the homogeneous sample substrate of gold nanoparticle multilayers (AuNPs-ML) with hexagonal lattice was successfully prepared by self-assembly technique. With strong surface plasmon resonance absorption and superior photothermal effect, the sample substrate of AuNPs-ML exhibited high signal sensitivity and low background noise for the detection of model analyte of glucose without additional matrixes in SALDI-MS. Furthermore, compared to merchant matrixes of α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), the sample substrate of AuNPs-ML was demonstrated to ameliorate the quality of mass spectra, including signal strength, background interference and signal/noise (S/N) ratio. The sucrose and tryptophan were also measured to show the extensive applications of AuNPs-ML sample substrate for the detections of small molecules in SALDI-MS. Most importantly, the remarkable reproducibility of glucose mass spectra with relative signal of 7.3% was obtained by the use of AuNPs-ML sample substrate for SALDI-MS. The homogeneous sample substrate of AuNPs-ML greatly improved the quality of mass spectra because of its strong absorption of laser energy, low specific heat, high heat conductivity and extraordinary homogeneity. We believe that AuNPs-ML could be a practical sample substrate for small molecule detection in SALDI-MS.
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