1
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Wu T, Wang C, Hu G, Wang Z, Zhao J, Wang Z, Chaykun K, Liu L, Chen M, Li D, Zhu S, Xiong Q, Shen Z, Gao H, Garcia-Vidal FJ, Wei L, Wang QJ, Luo Y. Ultrastrong exciton-plasmon couplings in WS 2 multilayers synthesized with a random multi-singular metasurface at room temperature. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3295. [PMID: 38632230 PMCID: PMC11024105 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47610-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Van der Waals semiconductors exemplified by two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides have promised next-generation atomically thin optoelectronics. Boosting their interaction with light is vital for practical applications, especially in the quantum regime where ultrastrong coupling is highly demanded but not yet realized. Here we report ultrastrong exciton-plasmon coupling at room temperature in tungsten disulfide (WS2) layers loaded with a random multi-singular plasmonic metasurface deposited on a flexible polymer substrate. Different from seeking perfect metals or high-quality resonators, we create a unique type of metasurface with a dense array of singularities that can support nanometre-sized plasmonic hotspots to which several WS2 excitons coherently interact. The associated normalized coupling strength is 0.12 for monolayer WS2 and can be up to 0.164 for quadrilayers, showcasing the ultrastrong exciton-plasmon coupling that is important for practical optoelectronic devices based on low-dimensional semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chongwu Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guangwei Hu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhixun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ksenia Chaykun
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mengxiao Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Song Zhu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zexiang Shen
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francisco J Garcia-Vidal
- Departamento de Física Teorica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Connexis, 138632, Singapore.
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yu Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Microwave Photonics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Kang H, Ma J, Li J, Zhang X, Liu X. Exciton Polaritons in Emergent Two-Dimensional Semiconductors. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24449-24467. [PMID: 38051774 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The "marriage" of light (i.e., photon) and matter (i.e., exciton) in semiconductors leads to the formation of hybrid quasiparticles called exciton polaritons with fascinating quantum phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) and photon blockade. The research of exciton polaritons has been evolving into an era with emergent two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors and photonic structures for their tremendous potential to break the current limitations of quantum fundamental study and photonic applications. In this Perspective, the basic concepts of 2D excitons, optical resonators, and the strong coupling regime are introduced. The research progress of exciton polaritons is reviewed, and important discoveries (especially the recent ones of 2D exciton polaritons) are highlighted. Subsequently, the emergent 2D exciton polaritons are discussed in detail, ranging from the realization of the strong coupling regime in various photonic systems to the discoveries of attractive phenomena with interesting physics and extensive applications. Moreover, emerging 2D semiconductors, such as 2D perovskites (2DPK) and 2D antiferromagnetic (AFM) semiconductors, are surveyed for the manipulation of exciton polaritons with distinct control degrees of freedom (DOFs). Finally, the outlook on the 2D exciton polaritons and their nonlinear interactions is presented with our initial numerical simulations. This Perspective not only aims to provide an in-depth overview of the latest fundamental findings in 2D exciton polaritons but also attempts to serve as a valuable resource to prospect explorations of quantum optics and topological photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Kang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Ma
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, P. R. China
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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3
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Cheng Q, Yang J, Sun L, Liu C, Yang G, Tao Y, Sun X, Zhang B, Xu H, Zhang Q. Tuning the Plexcitonic Optical Chirality Using Discrete Structurally Chiral Plasmonic Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 38038244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Constructing chiral plexcitonic systems with tunable plasmon-exciton coupling may advance the scientific exploitation of strong light-matter interactions. Because of their intriguing chiroptical properties, chiral plasmonic materials have shown promising applications in photonics, sensing, and biomedicine. However, the strong coupling of chiral plasmonic nanoparticles with excitons remains largely unexplored. Here we demonstrate the construction of a chiral plasmon-exciton system using chiral AuAg nanorods and J aggregates for tuning the plexcitonic optical chirality. Circular dichroism spectroscopy was employed to characterize chiral plasmon-exciton coupling, in which Rabi splitting and anticrossing behaviors were observed, whereas the extinction spectra exhibited less prominent phenomena. By controlling the number of molecular excitons and the energy detuning between plasmons and excitons, we have been able to fine-tune the plexcitonic optical chirality. The ability to fine-tune the plexcitonic optical chirality opens up unique opportunities for exploring chiral light-matter interactions and boosting the development of emerging chiroptical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lichao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chuang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guizeng Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yunlong Tao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xuehao Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- The Institute of Advanced Studies, School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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4
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Chen H, Wang Q, Feng X, Wu W, Zhang L. Phonon Chirality Manipulation Mechanism in Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Interlayer-Sliding Ferroelectrics. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37976102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
As an ideal platform, both the theoretical prediction and first experimental verification of chiral phonons are based on transition-metal dichalcogenide materials. The manipulation of phonon chirality in these materials will have a profound effect on the study of chiral phonons. In this work, we utilize the sliding ferroelectric effect to realize the phonon chirality manipulation mechanism in transition-metal dichalcogenide materials. Based on first-principles calculations, we find the different manipulation effects of interlayer sliding on the phonon chirality and Berry curvature in bilayer and four-layer MoS2 sliding ferroelectrics. These further affect the phonon angular momentum and magnetization under a temperature gradient and the phonon Hall effect under a magnetic field. Our work connects two emerging fields and opens up a new route to manipulating phonon chirality in transition-metal dichalcogenide materials through the sliding ferroelectric mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Phonon Engineering Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science, Institute of Physics Frontiers and Interdisciplinary Sciences, School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Xukun Feng
- Research Laboratory for Quantum Materials, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Weikang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Lifa Zhang
- Phonon Engineering Research Center of Jiangsu Province, Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science, Institute of Physics Frontiers and Interdisciplinary Sciences, School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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5
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Peng W, Wang YH, He J, Yang JL, Wang J, Radjenovic PM, Lin JS, Yang Z, Li MD, Zhang FL, Zhang YJ, Yi J, Li JF. Tailoring Fluorescence-Phosphorescence Emission with a Single Nanocavity. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20381-20388. [PMID: 37668654 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Realizing the dual emission of fluorescence-phosphorescence in a single system is an extremely important topic in the fields of biological imaging, sensing, and information encryption. However, the phosphorescence process is usually in an inherently "dark state" at room temperature due to the involvement of spin-forbidden transition and the rapid non-radiative decay rate of the triplet state. In this work, we achieved luminescent harvesting of the dark phosphorescence processes by coupling singlet-triplet molecular emitters with a rationally designed plasmonic cavity. The achieved Purcell enhancement effect of over 1000-fold allows for overcoming the triplet forbidden transitions, enabling radiation enhancement with selectable emission wavelengths. Spectral results and theoretical simulations indicate that the fluorescence-phosphorescence peak position can be intelligently tailored in a broad range of wavelengths, from visible to near-infrared. Our study sheds new light on plasmonic tailoring of molecular emission behavior, which is crucial for advancing research on plasmon-tailored fluorescence-phosphorescence spectroscopy in optoelectronics and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Energy, College of Physical Science and Technology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Technology and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yao-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Energy, College of Physical Science and Technology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Technology and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiaxing He
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jing-Liang Yang
- College of Physics, Guizhou Province Key Laboratory for Photoelectrics Technology and Application, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Energy, College of Physical Science and Technology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Technology and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Petar M Radjenovic
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Energy, College of Physical Science and Technology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Technology and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Energy, College of Physical Science and Technology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Technology and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhilin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Energy, College of Physical Science and Technology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Technology and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ming-De Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Fan-Li Zhang
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yue-Jiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Energy, College of Physical Science and Technology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Technology and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Energy, College of Physical Science and Technology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Technology and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, College of Energy, College of Physical Science and Technology, Fujian Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Technology and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
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6
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Lu B, Vegso K, Micky S, Ritz C, Bodik M, Fedoryshyn YM, Siffalovic P, Stemmer A. Tunable Subnanometer Gaps in Self-Assembled Monolayer Gold Nanoparticle Superlattices Enabling Strong Plasmonic Field Confinement. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37354449 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle superlattices produced with controllable interparticle gap distances down to the subnanometer range are of superior significance for applications in electronic and plasmonic devices as well as in optical metasurfaces. In this work, a method to fabricate large-area (∼1 cm2) gold nanoparticle (GNP) superlattices with a typical size of single domains at several micrometers and high-density nanogaps of tunable distances (from 2.3 to 0.1 nm) as well as variable constituents (from organothiols to inorganic S2-) is demonstrated. Our approach is based on the combination of interfacial nanoparticle self-assembly, subphase exchange, and free-floating ligand exchange. Electrical transport measurements on our GNP superlattices reveal variations in the nanogap conductance of more than 6 orders of magnitude. Meanwhile, nanoscopic modifications in the surface potential landscape of active GNP devices have been observed following engineered nanogaps. In situ optical reflectance measurements during free-floating ligand exchange show a gradual enhancement of plasmonic capacitive coupling with a diminishing average interparticle gap distance down to 0.1 nm, as continuously red-shifted localized surface plasmon resonances with increasing intensity have been observed. Optical metasurfaces consisting of such GNP superlattices exhibit tunable effective refractive index over a broad wavelength range. Maximal real part of the effective refractive index, nmax, reaching 5.4 is obtained as a result of the extreme field confinement in the high-density subnanometer plasmonic gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- Nanotechnology Group, ETH Zürich, Säumerstasse 4, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Karol Vegso
- Institute of Physics SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 84511 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Simon Micky
- Institute of Physics SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 84511 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Christian Ritz
- Nanotechnology Group, ETH Zürich, Säumerstasse 4, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Michal Bodik
- Nanotechnology Group, ETH Zürich, Säumerstasse 4, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Siffalovic
- Institute of Physics SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 84511 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andreas Stemmer
- Nanotechnology Group, ETH Zürich, Säumerstasse 4, CH-8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
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7
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Vento V, Roelli P, Verlekar S, Galland C. Mode-Specific Coupling of Nanoparticle-on-Mirror Cavities with Cylindrical Vector Beams. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37205630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanocavities formed by ultrathin metallic gaps permit the reproducible engineering and enhancement of light-matter interaction, with mode volumes reaching the smallest values allowed by quantum mechanics. While the enhanced vacuum field in metallic nanogaps has been firmly evidenced, fewer experimental reports have examined the far-field to near-field input coupling under strongly focused laser beam. Here, we experimentally demonstrate selective excitation of nanocavity modes controlled by the polarization and frequency of the laser beam. We reveal mode selectivity by recording confocal maps of Raman scattering excited by cylindrical vector beams, which are compared to the known excitation near-field patterns. Our measurements reveal the transverse vs longitudinal polarization of the excited antenna mode and how the input coupling rate depends on laser wavelength. The method introduced here is easily applicable to other experimental scenarios, and our results help connect far-field with near-field parameters in quantitative models of nanocavity-enhanced phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Vento
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Roelli
- Nano-optics Group, CIC nanoGUNE, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sachin Verlekar
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Galland
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Zhang W, Gao L, Yan X, Xu H, Wei H. Excitation and emission distinguished photoluminescence enhancement in a plasmon-exciton intermediate coupling system. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:7812-7819. [PMID: 37042656 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07001d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanocavities with tunable resonances provide a powerful platform to manipulate the light-matter interaction at the nanoscale. Here, we investigate the coupling between monolayer MoS2 and the nanocavity formed by a silver nanowire (NW) and a gold film. The splitting of scattering spectra indicates intermediate coupling between the plasmon mode and two exciton states. The coupled system shows a photoluminescence (PL) intensity enhancement of 86-fold for the nanocavity with an appropriate NW diameter. In particular, the excitation and emission enhancement factors are experimentally distinguished, and the simulation results confirm the plasmon resonance dependent excitation and emission enhancements. Moreover, it is shown that the PL emission from the hybrid system becomes strongly polarized, and the degree of linear polarization larger than 0.9 is obtained. These results demonstrate the tunable coupling between plasmon mode and exciton states and help in deepening the understanding of the PL enhancement mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Long Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
- School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
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9
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Wang PR, Yeh JW, Lee YH. The effect of critical coupling constants on superconductivity enhancement. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6475. [PMID: 37081112 PMCID: PMC10119179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we propose a phenomenological model to extend McMillan's results on a coupling strength equal to 2. We investigate possible strategies to enhance superconductivity by tuning the phonon frequency, carrier number, or pressure. In particular, we show that the critical coupling constants corresponding to the phonon frequency, carrier number, or pressure determine whether the variation of the critical temperature is positive or negative. These observations explain the contrasting behavior between weak and strong coupling superconductors and are consistent with experimental observations. We also demonstrate the dome observed in the carrier number effect and pressure effect. Additionally, these critical coupling constants systematically separate superconductivity into three regions: weak, intermediate, and strong coupling. We find that the enhancement strategies for weak and strong coupling regions are opposite, but both inevitably bring superconductivity into the intermediate coupling region. Finally, we propose general zigzag methods for intermediate coupling superconductors to further enhance the critical temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peir-Ru Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Jien-Wei Yeh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 30013, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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10
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Guo X, Lyu W, Chen T, Luo Y, Wu C, Yang B, Sun Z, García de Abajo FJ, Yang X, Dai Q. Polaritons in Van der Waals Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2201856. [PMID: 36121344 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
2D monolayers supporting a wide variety of highly confined plasmons, phonon polaritons, and exciton polaritons can be vertically stacked in van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) with controlled constituent layers, stacking sequence, and even twist angles. vdWHs combine advantages of 2D material polaritons, rich optical structure design, and atomic scale integration, which have greatly extended the performance and functions of polaritons, such as wide frequency range, long lifetime, ultrafast all-optical modulation, and photonic crystals for nanoscale light. Here, the state of the art of 2D material polaritons in vdWHs from the perspective of design principles and potential applications is reviewed. Some fundamental properties of polaritons in vdWHs are initially discussed, followed by recent discoveries of plasmons, phonon polaritons, exciton polaritons, and their hybrid modes in vdWHs. The review concludes with a perspective discussion on potential applications of these polaritons such as nanophotonic integrated circuits, which will benefit from the intersection between nanophotonics and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lyu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tinghan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bei Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering and QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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11
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Xu Y, Hu H, Chen W, Suo P, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Xu H. Phononic Cavity Optomechanics of Atomically Thin Crystal in Plasmonic Nanocavity. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12711-12719. [PMID: 35867404 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the picture of molecular cavity optomechanics, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) can be understood as molecular oscillators parametrically coupled to plasmonic nanocavities supporting an extremely localized optical field. This enables SERS from conventional fingerprint detection toward quantum nanotechnologies associated with, e.g., frequency upconversion and optomechanically induced transparency. Here, we study a phononic cavity optomechanical system consisting of a monolayer MoS2 placed inside a plasmonic nanogap, where the coherent phonon-plasmon interaction involves the collective oscillation from tens of thousands of unit cells of the MoS2 crystal. We observe the selective nonlinear SERS enhancement of the system as determined by the laser-plasmon detuning, suggesting the dynamic backaction modification of the phonon populations. Anomalous superlinear power dependence of a second-order Raman-inactive phonon mode with respect to the first-order phonons is also observed, indicating the distinctive properties of the phononic nanodevice compared with the molecular system. Our results promote the development of robust phononic optomechanical nanocavities to further explore the related quantum correlation and nonlinear effects including parametric instabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Xu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huatian Hu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Physics, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Pengfei Suo
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Shunping Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China
- School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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12
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Esteban R, Baumberg JJ, Aizpurua J. Molecular Optomechanics Approach to Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1889-1899. [PMID: 35776555 PMCID: PMC9301926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Molecular vibrations constitute one of the smallest mechanical
oscillators available for micro-/nanoengineering. The energy and strength
of molecular oscillations depend delicately on the attached specific
functional groups as well as on the chemical and physical environments.
By exploiting the inelastic interaction of molecules with optical
photons, Raman scattering can access the information contained in
molecular vibrations. However, the low efficiency of the Raman process
typically allows only for characterizing large numbers of molecules.
To circumvent this limitation, plasmonic resonances supported by metallic
nanostructures and nanocavities can be used because they localize
and enhance light at optical frequencies, enabling surface-enhanced
Raman scattering (SERS), where the Raman signal is increased by many
orders of magnitude. This enhancement enables few- or even single-molecule
characterization. The coupling between a single molecular vibration
and a plasmonic mode constitutes an example of an optomechanical interaction,
analogous to that existing between cavity photons and mechanical vibrations.
Optomechanical systems have been intensely studied because of their
fundamental interest as well as their application in practical implementations
of quantum technology and sensing. In this context, SERS brings cavity
optomechanics down to the molecular scale and gives access to larger
vibrational frequencies associated with molecular motion, offering
new possibilities for novel optomechanical nanodevices. The
molecular optomechanics description of SERS is recent, and
its implications have only started to be explored. In this Account,
we describe the current understanding and progress of this new description
of SERS, focusing on our own contributions to the field. We first
show that the quantum description of molecular optomechanics is fully
consistent with standard classical and semiclassical models often
used to describe SERS. Furthermore, we note that the molecular optomechanics
framework naturally accounts for a rich variety of nonlinear effects
in the SERS signal with increasing laser intensity. Furthermore,
the molecular optomechanics framework provides a tool
particularly suited to addressing novel effects of fundamental and
practical interest in SERS, such as the emergence of collective phenomena
involving many molecules or the modification of the effective losses
and energy of the molecular vibrations due to the plasmon–vibration
interaction. As compared to standard optomechanics, the plasmonic
resonance often differs from a single Lorentzian mode and thus requires
a more detailed description of its optical response. This quantum
description of SERS also allows us to address the statistics of the
Raman photons emitted, enabling the interpretation of two-color correlations
of the emerging photons, with potential use in the generation of nonclassical
states of light. Current SERS experimental implementations in organic
molecules and two-dimensional layers suggest the interest in further
exploring intense pulsed illumination, situations of strong coupling,
resonant-SERS, and atomic-scale field confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Esteban
- Materials Physics Center CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Javier Aizpurua
- Materials Physics Center CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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13
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You Q, Li Z, Li Y, Qiu L, Bi X, Zhang L, Zhang D, Fang Y, Wang P. Resonance Photoluminescence Enhancement of Monolayer MoS 2 via a Plasmonic Nanowire Dimer Optical Antenna. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:23756-23764. [PMID: 35575696 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as monolayer MoS2 exhibit remarkable optical properties. However, the intrinsic absorption and emission rates of MoS2 are very low, thus severely hindering its application in electronics and photonics. Combining MoS2 with a plasmonic optical antenna is an alternative solution to enhance the emission rates of the 2D semiconductor, and this can drastically increase the photoresponsivity of the corresponding photodetector. Herein, we have constructed a plasmonic gap cavity of a nanowire dimer (NWD) system as an optical antenna to brighten the emission of MoS2 off the hot spot. Different from the conventional enhancement concept which occurred in the plasmonic hot spot, the light emission off the nanogap hot spot was thoroughly investigated. We demonstrate that this new plasmonic optical nanostructure leads to a strong enhancement due to the Purcell effect. The NWD optical antenna can trap light to the near field through a high-efficiency plasmonic gap mode (PGM); then the PL emission was enhanced drastically up to 14.5-fold due to the resonance of the plasmonic gap mode (PGM) in the NWD with the excitonic band of monolayer MoS2. Theoretical simulations reveal that this NWD can alter the efficiency of convergence and excitation, which was consistent with our experimental results. This study can provide a pathway toward enhancing and controlling PGM-enhanced light emission of TMD materials beyond the plasmonic hot spot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhang You
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Li
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Lilong Qiu
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Bi
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisheng Zhang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Duan Zhang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Elementary Educational College, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Fang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Peijie Wang
- The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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14
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Huang L, Krasnok A, Alú A, Yu Y, Neshev D, Miroshnichenko AE. Enhanced light-matter interaction in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:046401. [PMID: 34939940 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac45f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) materials, such as MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2, have received extensive attention in the past decade due to their extraordinary electronic, optical and thermal properties. They evolve from indirect bandgap semiconductors to direct bandgap semiconductors while their layer number is reduced from a few layers to a monolayer limit. Consequently, there is strong photoluminescence in a monolayer (1L) TMDC due to the large quantum yield. Moreover, such monolayer semiconductors have two other exciting properties: large binding energy of excitons and valley polarization. These properties make them become ideal materials for various electronic, photonic and optoelectronic devices. However, their performance is limited by the relatively weak light-matter interactions due to their atomically thin form factor. Resonant nanophotonic structures provide a viable way to address this issue and enhance light-matter interactions in 2D TMDCs. Here, we provide an overview of this research area, showcasing relevant applications, including exotic light emission, absorption and scattering features. We start by overviewing the concept of excitons in 1L-TMDC and the fundamental theory of cavity-enhanced emission, followed by a discussion on the recent progress of enhanced light emission, strong coupling and valleytronics. The atomically thin nature of 1L-TMDC enables a broad range of ways to tune its electric and optical properties. Thus, we continue by reviewing advances in TMDC-based tunable photonic devices. Next, we survey the recent progress in enhanced light absorption over narrow and broad bandwidths using 1L or few-layer TMDCs, and their applications for photovoltaics and photodetectors. We also review recent efforts of engineering light scattering, e.g., inducing Fano resonances, wavefront engineering in 1L or few-layer TMDCs by either integrating resonant structures, such as plasmonic/Mie resonant metasurfaces, or directly patterning monolayer/few layers TMDCs. We then overview the intriguing physical properties of different van der Waals heterostructures, and their applications in optoelectronic and photonic devices. Finally, we draw our opinion on potential opportunities and challenges in this rapidly developing field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujun Huang
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Alex Krasnok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, United States of America
| | - Andrea Alú
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States of America
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Yiling Yu
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | - Dragomir Neshev
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Andrey E Miroshnichenko
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
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15
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Chen W, Roelli P, Hu H, Verlekar S, Amirtharaj SP, Barreda AI, Kippenberg TJ, Kovylina M, Verhagen E, Martínez A, Galland C. Continuous-wave frequency upconversion with a molecular optomechanical nanocavity. Science 2021; 374:1264-1267. [PMID: 34855500 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk3106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Roelli
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Huatian Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Sachin Verlekar
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sakthi Priya Amirtharaj
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Angela I Barreda
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias J Kippenberg
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Miroslavna Kovylina
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ewold Verhagen
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Martínez
- Nanophotonics Technology Center, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Christophe Galland
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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