1
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Schlenoff JB, Akkaoui K. Unifying the temperature dependent dynamics of glass formers. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:034502. [PMID: 39007391 DOI: 10.1063/5.0211693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Strong changes in bulk properties, such as modulus and viscosity, are observed near the glass transition temperature, Tg, of amorphous materials. For more than a century, intense efforts have been made to define a microscopic origin for these macroscopic changes in properties. Using transition state theory (TST), we delve into the atomic/molecular level picture of how microscopic localized unit relaxations, or "cage rattles," evolve to macroscopic structural relaxations above Tg. Unit motion is broken down into two populations: (1) simultaneous rearrangement occurs among a critical number of units, nα, which ranges from 1 to 4, allowing a systematic classification of glass formers, GFs, that is compared to fragility; and (2) near Tg, adjacent units provide additional free volume for rearrangement, not simultaneously, but within the "primitive" lifetime, τ1, of one unit rattling in its cage. Relaxation maps illustrate how Johari-Goldstein β-relaxations stem from the rattle of nα units. We analyzed a wide variety of glassy materials and materials with a glassy response using literature data. Our four-parameter equation fits "strong" and "weak" GFs over the entire range of temperatures and also extends to other glassy systems, such as ion-transporting polymers and ferroelectric relaxors. The role of activation entropy in boosting preexponential factors to high "unphysical" apparent frequencies is discussed. Enthalpy-entropy compensation is clearly illustrated using the TST approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Schlenoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA
| | - Khalil Akkaoui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA
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2
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Xu T, Wang XD, Dufresne EM, Beyer KA, An P, Ma J, Wang N, Liu S, Cao QP, Ding SQ, Zhang DX, Zheng L, Zhang J, Hu TD, Jiang Z, Huang Y, Jiang JZ. Unveiling the Structural Origins of Dynamic Diversity in Pd-Based Metallic Glasses. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309331. [PMID: 38213019 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The β-relaxation is one of the major dynamic behaviors in metallic glasses (MGs) and exhibits diverse features. Despite decades of efforts, the understanding of its structural origin and contribution to the overall dynamics of MG systems is still unclear. Here two palladium-based Pd─Cu─P and Pd─Ni─P MGs are reported with distinct different β-relaxation behaviors and reveal the structural origins for the difference using the advanced X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and absorption fine structure techniques together with the first-principles calculations. The pronounced β-relaxation and fast atomic dynamics in the Pd─Cu─P MG mainly come from the strong mobility of Cu atoms and their locally favored structures. In contrast, the motion of Ni atoms is constrained by P atoms in the Pd─Ni─P MG, leading to the weakened β-relaxation peak and sluggish dynamics. The correlation of atomic dynamics with microscopic structures provides a way to understand the structural origins of different dynamic behaviors as well as the nature of aging in disordered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianding Xu
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Eric M Dufresne
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Kevin A Beyer
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Pengfei An
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jingyuan Ma
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Suya Liu
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Ping Cao
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Qing Ding
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Xian Zhang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Dou Hu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Yuying Huang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong Jiang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuyao University of Science and Technology, Fuzhou, 350109, P. R. China
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3
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Wang JQ, Song LJ, Huo JT, Gao M, Zhang Y. Designing Advanced Amorphous/Nanocrystalline Alloys by Controlling the Energy State. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311406. [PMID: 38811026 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Amorphous alloys, also known as metallic glasses, exhibit many advanced mechanical, physical, and chemical properties. Owing to the nonequilibrium nature, their energy states can vary over a wide range. However, the energy relaxation kinetics are very complex and composed of various types that are coupled with each other. This makes it challenging to control the energy state precisely and to study the energy-properties relationship. This brief review introduces the recent progresses on studying the enthalpy relaxation kinetics during isothermal annealing, for example, the observation of two-step relaxation phenomenon, the detection of relaxation unit (relaxun), the key role of large activation entropy in triggering memory effect, the influence of glass energy state on nanocrystallization. Based on the above knowledge, a new strategy is proposed to design a series of amorphous alloys and their composites consisting of nanocrystals and glass matrix with superior functional properties by precisely controlling the nonequilibrium energy states. As the typical examples, Fe-based amorphous alloys with both advanced soft magnetism and good plasticity, Gd-based amorphous/nanocrystalline composites with large magnetocaloric effect, and Fe-based amorphous alloys with high catalytic performance are specifically described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Jian Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Tao Huo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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4
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Wang Q, Zhang LF, Zhou ZY, Yu HB. Predicting the pathways of string-like motions in metallic glasses via path-featurizing graph neural networks. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk2799. [PMID: 38781338 PMCID: PMC11114230 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk2799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
String-like motions (SLMs)-cooperative, "snake"-like movements of particles-are crucial for dynamics in diverse glass formers. Despite their ubiquity, questions persist: Do SLMs prefer specific paths? If so, can we predict these paths? Here, in Al-Sm glasses, our isoconfigurational ensemble simulations reveal that SLMs do follow certain paths. By designing a graph neural network (GNN) to featurize the environment around directional paths, we achieve a high-fidelity prediction of likely SLM pathways, solely based on the static structure. GNN gauges a structural measure to assess each path's propensity to engage in SLMs, akin to a "softness" metric, but for paths rather than for atoms. Our GNN interpretation reveals the critical role of the bottleneck zone along a path in steering SLMs. By monitoring "path softness," we elucidate that SLM-favored paths transit from fragmented to interconnected upon glass transition. Our findings reveal that, beyond atoms or clusters, glasses have another dimension of structural heterogeneity: "paths."
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang, Sichuan 621908, China
| | - Long-Fei Zhang
- China Telecom Artificial Intelligence Technology Co. Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 430074, China
| | - Zhen-Ya Zhou
- School of Physics, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Hai-Bin Yu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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5
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Yu HB, Gao L, Gao JQ, Samwer K. Universal origin of glassy relaxation as recognized by configuration pattern matching. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae091. [PMID: 38577671 PMCID: PMC10989661 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Relaxation processes are crucial for understanding the structural rearrangements of liquids and amorphous materials. However, the overarching principle that governs these processes across vastly different materials remains an open question. Substantial analysis has been carried out based on the motions of individual particles. Here, as an alternative, we propose viewing the global configuration as a single entity. We introduce a global order parameter, namely the inherent structure minimal displacement (IS Dmin), to quantify the variability of configurations by a pattern-matching technique. Through atomic simulations of seven model glass-forming liquids, we unify the influences of temperature, pressure and perturbation time on the relaxation dissipation, via a scaling law between the mechanical damping factor and IS Dmin. Fundamentally, this scaling reflects the curvature of the local potential energy landscape. Our findings uncover a universal origin of glassy relaxation and offer an alternative approach to studying disordered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bin Yu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liang Gao
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jia-Qi Gao
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Konrad Samwer
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
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6
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Zhang Z, Zhang S, Wang Q, Lu A, Chen Z, Yang Z, Luan J, Su R, Guan P, Yang Y. Intrinsic tensile ductility in strain hardening multiprincipal element metallic glass. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400200121. [PMID: 38662550 PMCID: PMC11067058 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400200121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional metallic glasses (MGs), based on one or two principal elements, are notoriously known for their lack of tensile ductility at room temperature. Here, we developed a multiprincipal element MG (MPEMG), which exhibits a gigapascal yield strength, significant strain hardening that almost doubles its yield strength, and 2% uniform tensile ductility at room temperature. These remarkable properties stem from the heterogeneous amorphous structure of our MPEMG, which is composed of atoms with significant size mismatch but similar atomic fractions. In sharp contrast to traditional MGs, shear banding in our glass triggers local elemental segregation and subsequent ordering, which transforms shear softening to hardening, hence resulting in shear-band self-halting and extensive plastic flows. Our findings reveal a promising pathway to design stronger, more ductile glasses that can be applied in a wide range of technological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anliang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoqi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyin Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhua Luan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Su
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing100193, People’s Republic of China
- College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Guan
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
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7
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Zhang H, Zhang Q, Liu F, Han Y. Anisotropic-Isotropic Transition of Cages at the Glass Transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:078201. [PMID: 38427876 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.078201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Characterizing the local structural evolution is an essential step in understanding the nature of glass transition. In this work, we probe the evolution of Voronoi cell geometry in simple glass models by simulations and colloid experiments, and find that the individual particle cages deform anisotropically in supercooled liquid and isotropically in glass. We introduce an anisotropy parameter k for each Voronoi cell, whose mean value exhibits a sharp change at the mode-coupling glass transition ϕ_{c}. Moreover, a power law of packing fraction ϕ∝q_{1}^{d} is discovered in the supercooled liquid regime with d>D, in contrast to d=D in the glass regime, where q_{1} is the first peak position of structure factor, and D is the space dimension. This power law is qualitatively explained by the change of k. The active motions in supercooled liquid are spatially correlated with long axes rather than short axes of Voronoi cells. In addition, the dynamic slowing down approaching the glass transition can be well characterized through a modified free-volume model based on k. These findings reveal that the structural parameter k is effective in identifying the structure-dynamics correlations and the glass transition in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Yilong Han
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Dyre JC. Solid-that-Flows Picture of Glass-Forming Liquids. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1603-1617. [PMID: 38306474 PMCID: PMC10875679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
This perspective article reviews arguments that glass-forming liquids are different from those of standard liquid-state theory, which typically have a viscosity in the mPa·s range and relaxation times on the order of picoseconds. These numbers grow dramatically and become 1012 - 1015 times larger for liquids cooled toward the glass transition. This translates into a qualitative difference, and below the "solidity length" which is roughly one micron at the glass transition, a glass-forming liquid behaves much like a solid. Recent numerical evidence for the solidity of ultraviscous liquids is reviewed, and experimental consequences are discussed in relation to dynamic heterogeneity, frequency-dependent linear-response functions, and the temperature dependence of the average relaxation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe C Dyre
- "Glass and Time", IMFUFA, Dept. of Sciences, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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9
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Gu J, Duan F, Liu S, Cha W, Lu J. Phase Engineering of Nanostructural Metallic Materials: Classification, Structures, and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1247-1287. [PMID: 38259248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Metallic materials are usually composed of single phase or multiple phases, which refers to homogeneous regions with distinct types of the atom arrangement. The recent studies on nanostructured metallic materials provide a variety of promising approaches to engineer the phases at the nanoscale. Tailoring phase size, phase distribution, and introducing new structures via phase transformation contribute to the precise modification in deformation behaviors and electronic structures of nanostructural metallic materials. Therefore, phase engineering of nanostructured metallic materials is expected to pave an innovative way to develop materials with advanced mechanical and functional properties. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the engineering of heterogeneous nanophases and the fundamental understanding of nanophase formation for nanostructured metallic materials, including supra-nano-dual-phase materials, nanoprecipitation- and nanotwin-strengthened materials. We first review the thermodynamics and kinetics principles for the formation of the supra-nano-dual-phase structure, followed by a discussion on the deformation mechanism for structural metallic materials as well as the optimization in the electronic structure for electrocatalysis. Then, we demonstrate the origin, classification, and mechanical and functional properties of the metallic materials with the structural characteristics of dense nanoprecipitations or nanotwins. Finally, we summarize some potential research challenges in this field and provide a short perspective on the scientific implications of phase engineering for the design of next-generation advanced metallic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialun Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Fenghui Duan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Sida Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, SV LAB, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Wenhao Cha
- Faculty of Georesources and Materials Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, No. 3, Binglang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Greater Bay Joint Division, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Shenzhen 518000, China
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10
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Li X, Li L, Sohrabi S, Fu J, Li Z, Chen Z, Sun R, Zhang Y, Huang J, Zhang H, Zhu J, Chen X, Song K, Ma J. Ultrasonic vibration enabled under-liquid forming of metallic glasses. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:163-166. [PMID: 38042706 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Mechanical, Electrical & Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Luyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Sajad Sohrabi
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jia'nan Fu
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Rongce Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinbiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Heting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiangyan Chen
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Kaikai Song
- School of Mechanical, Electrical & Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Jiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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11
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Caporaletti F, Napolitano S. The slow Arrhenius process in small organic molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:745-748. [PMID: 38053485 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05044k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Equilibration, the complex set of molecular rearrangements leading to more stable states, is usually dominated by density fluctuations, occurring through the structural (α-)relaxation, whose timescale quickly increases upon cooling. Growing evidence shows, however, that equilibration can be reached also through an alternative pathway provided by the Slow Arrhenius process (SAP), a molecular mode slower than the structural processes in the liquid state and faster in glass. The SAP, widely observed in polymers, has not yet been reported in small molecules, probably because of the larger experimental difficulties in handling these systems. Here, we report the presence of the SAP in three different molecular glassformers, by investigating these systems in the thin film geometry via dielectric spectroscopy. These results reinforce the idea that the SAP is a universal feature of liquid and glassy dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Caporaletti
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1050, Belgium.
| | - Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1050, Belgium.
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12
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Thoms E, Napolitano S. Enthalpy-entropy compensation in the slow Arrhenius process. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:161103. [PMID: 37888759 DOI: 10.1063/5.0174213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Meyer-Neldel compensation law, observed in a wide variety of chemical reactions and other thermally activated processes, provides a proportionality between the entropic and the enthalpic components of an energy barrier. By analyzing 31 different polymer systems, we show that such an intriguing behavior is encountered also in the slow Arrhenius process, a recently discovered microscopic relaxation mode, responsible for several equilibration mechanisms both in the liquid and the glassy state. We interpret this behavior in terms of the multiexcitation entropy model, indicating that overcoming large energy barriers can require a high number of low-energy local excitations, providing a multiphonon relaxation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Thoms
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1050, Belgium
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Di Lisio V, Gallino I, Riegler SS, Frey M, Neuber N, Kumar G, Schroers J, Busch R, Cangialosi D. Size-dependent vitrification in metallic glasses. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4698. [PMID: 37542023 PMCID: PMC10403508 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing the sample size can profoundly impact properties of bulk metallic glasses. Here, we systematically reduce the length scale of Au and Pt-based metallic glasses and study their vitrification behavior and atomic mobility. For this purpose, we exploit fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) allowing to study glassy dynamics in an exceptionally wide range of cooling rates and frequencies. We show that the main α relaxation process remains size independent and bulk-like. In contrast, we observe pronounced size dependent vitrification kinetics in micrometer-sized glasses, which is more evident for the smallest samples and at low cooling rates, resulting in more than 40 K decrease in fictive temperature, Tf, with respect to the bulk. We discuss the deep implications on how this outcome can be used to convey glasses to low energy states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Di Lisio
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Isabella Gallino
- Saarland University, Chair of Metallic Materials, Campus C6.3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | | | - Maximilian Frey
- Saarland University, Chair of Metallic Materials, Campus C6.3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nico Neuber
- Saarland University, Chair of Metallic Materials, Campus C6.3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Golden Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Jan Schroers
- Yale University, Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ralf Busch
- Saarland University, Chair of Metallic Materials, Campus C6.3, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain.
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