1
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Dhand AP, Davidson MD, Zlotnick HM, Kolibaba TJ, Killgore JP, Burdick JA. Additive manufacturing of highly entangled polymer networks. Science 2024; 385:566-572. [PMID: 39088628 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn6925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Incorporation of polymer chain entanglements within a single network can synergistically improve stiffness and toughness, yet attaining such dense entanglements through vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing [e.g., digital light processing (DLP)] remains elusive. We report a facile strategy that combines light and dark polymerization to allow constituent polymer chains to densely entangle as they form within printed structures. This generalizable approach reaches high monomer conversion at room temperature without the need for additional stimuli, such as light or heat after printing, and enables additive manufacturing of highly entangled hydrogels and elastomers that exhibit fourfold- to sevenfold-higher extension energies in comparison to that of traditional DLP. We used this method to print high-resolution and multimaterial structures with features such as spatially programmed adhesion to wet tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek P Dhand
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew D Davidson
- BioFrontiers Institute & Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Hannah M Zlotnick
- BioFrontiers Institute & Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Thomas J Kolibaba
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Jason P Killgore
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute & Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
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2
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Zhang Q, Zhang C, Li Y, Zhang X, Tian D, Jiang L. Self-Repairing Humidity-Adjustable Anisotropic Adhesion Switch for Smart Manipulation. ACS NANO 2024; 18:19324-19331. [PMID: 38976871 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive surface adhesion regulation is widely used in automated assembly systems, intelligent pick-up and placement systems, and soft crawling robots. However, in the actual separation process, it tends to produce separation residue or excessive adhesion. Therefore, how to regulate surface adhesion on demand is a significant challenge. Herein, inspired by the anisotropic adhesion behavior of butterflies and the controlled adhesion behavior of octopuses, based on molecular conformational rearrangement and anisotropic structures, a humidity-responsive PES-PI/PDMS composite surface is achieved to meet the needs of controllable adhesion orientation and strength, which could be used for an intelligent transfer system (grasping and releasing and anisotropic transporting). Humidity can effectively tune the hydrogen bonding and the interaction between polymers, resulting in excellent self-healing and durability properties of the composite surface. Moreover, humidity could adjust the surface transmittance as well, making it possible to be used in humidity sensing and in a detection and encryption/decryption system to enhance environmental monitoring and information protection capabilities. This work not only establishes a method for the fabrication of innovative "high-flexibility" adhesive materials but also provides approaches for the design and development of intelligent response devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
- Paris Curie Engineer School, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Dongliang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering,Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering,Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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3
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Zhao J, Xia N, Zhang L. A review of bioinspired dry adhesives: from achieving strong adhesion to realizing switchable adhesion. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2024; 19:051003. [PMID: 38996419 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ad62cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
In the early twenty-first century, extensive research has been conducted on geckos' ability to climb vertical walls with the advancement of microscopy technology. Unprecedented studies and developments have focused on the adhesion mechanism, structural design, preparation methods, and applications of bioinspired dry adhesives. Notably, strong adhesion that adheres to both the principles of contact splitting and stress uniform distribution has been discovered and proposed. The increasing popularity of flexible electronic skins, soft crawling robots, and smart assembly systems has made switchable adhesion properties essential for smart adhesives. These adhesives are designed to be programmable and switchable in response to external stimuli such as magnetic fields, thermal changes, electrical signals, light exposure as well as mechanical processes. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the development history of bioinspired dry adhesives from achieving strong adhesion to realizing switchable adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Neng Xia
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China 999077, People's Republic of China
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4
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Lee J, Park HK, Hwang GW, Kang GR, Choi YS, Pang C. Highly Adaptive Kirigami-Metastructure Adhesive with Vertically Self-Aligning Octopus-like 3D Suction Cups for Efficient Wet Adhesion to Complexly Curved Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:37147-37156. [PMID: 38949691 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
An essential requirement for biomedical devices is the capability of conformal adaptability on diverse irregular 3D (three-dimensional) nonflat surfaces in the human body that may be covered with liquids such as mucus or sweat. However, the development of reversible adhesive interface materials for biodevices that function on complex biological surfaces is challenging due to the wet, slippery, smooth, and curved surface properties. Herein, we present an ultra-adaptive bioadhesive for irregular 3D oral cavities covered with saliva by integrating a kirigami-metastructure and vertically self-aligning suction cups. The flared suction cup, inspired by octopus tentacles, allows adhesion to moist surfaces. Additionally, the kirigami-based auxetic metastructure with a negative Poisson's ratio relieves the stress caused by tensile strain, thereby mitigating the stress caused by curved surfaces and enabling conformal contact with the surface. As a result, the adhesive strength of the proposed auxetic adhesive is twice that of adhesives with a flat backbone on highly curved porcine palates. For potential application, the proposed auxetic adhesive is mounted on a denture and performs successfully in human subject feasibility evaluations. An integrated design of these two structures may provide functionality and potential for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Ki Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gui Won Hwang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun Ro Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhyun Pang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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5
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Xie X, Jiang Y, Yao X, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Huang T, Li R, Chen Y, Li SL, Lan YQ. A solvent-free processed low-temperature tolerant adhesive. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5017. [PMID: 38866776 PMCID: PMC11169673 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultra-low temperature resistant adhesive is highly desired yet scarce for material adhesion for the potential usage in Arctic/Antarctic or outer space exploration. Here we develop a solvent-free processed low-temperature tolerant adhesive with excellent adhesion strength and organic solvent stability, wide tolerable temperature range (i.e. -196 to 55 °C), long-lasting adhesion effect ( > 60 days, -196 °C) that exceeds the classic commercial hot melt adhesives. Furthermore, combine experimental results with theoretical calculations, the strong interaction energy between polyoxometalate and polymer is the main factor for the low-temperature tolerant adhesive, possessing enhanced cohesion strength, suppressed polymer crystallization and volumetric contraction. Notably, manufacturing at scale can be easily achieved by the facile scale-up solvent-free processing, showing much potential towards practical application in Arctic/Antarctic or planetary exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Xie
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou, Shanxi, 034000, China
| | - Yulian Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou, Shanxi, 034000, China
| | - Xiaoman Yao
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Zilin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou, Shanxi, 034000, China
| | - Taoping Huang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Runhan Li
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Yifa Chen
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Shun-Li Li
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Ya-Qian Lan
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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6
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Zhang M, Gao Z, Hakobyan K, Li W, Gu Z, Peng S, Liang K, Xu J. Rapid, Tough, and Trigger-Detachable Hydrogel Adhesion Enabled by Formation of Nanoparticles In Situ. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310572. [PMID: 38247188 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Integrating hydrogel with other materials is always challenging due to the low mass content of hydrogels and the abundance of water at the interfaces. Adhesion through nanoparticles offers characteristics such as ease of use, reversibility, and universality, but still grapples with challenges like weak bonding. Here, a simple yet powerful strategy using the formation of nanoparticles in situ is reported, establishing strong interfacial adhesion between various hydrogels and substrates including elastomers, plastics, and biological tissue, even under wet conditions. The strong interfacial bonding can be formed in a short time (60 s), and gradually strengthened to 902 J m-2 adhesion energy within an hour. The interfacial layer's construction involves chain entanglement and other non-covalent interactions like coordination and hydrogen bonding. Unlike the permanent bonding seen in most synthetic adhesives, these nanoparticle adhesives can be efficiently triggered for removal by acidic solutions. The simplicity of the precursor diffusion and precipitation process in creating the interfacial layer ensures broad applicability to different substrates and nanoparticle adhesives without compromising robustness. The tough adhesion provided by nanoparticles allows the hydrogel-elastomer hybrid to function as a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), facilitating reliable electrical signal generation and output performance due to the robust interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ziyan Gao
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Karen Hakobyan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Zi Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shuhua Peng
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Kang Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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7
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A Jayawardana WM, Elder T, Twohig T, Croll AB. Switchable origami adhesives. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3814-3822. [PMID: 38647222 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00082j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Creating a reusable adhesive that can hold objects on a wall and can yet be easily removed al for researchers in the adhesives community for many years. Geckos and other climbing organisms demonstrate just this ability: to hold large loads (on-state) due to specialized digits and microstructures, yet they are also able to quickly peel their feet from a surface while climbing (off-state). Inspired by the simplicity of the gecko's geometric switching mechanism, we have investigated the use of origami design methods to create geometries that can transition from a stiff configuration to a more flexible and easily peeled configuration. Specifically, we examined three different origami designs (Kresling, Waterbomb and Ron Resch) fabricated in polycarbonate and supplemented with 3D printed structures. Although the polycarbonate could be coated with a commercial adhesive, we investigated the devices in contact with polydimethylsiloxane adhesive pads in order to chemically control interfaces and create a range of differing adhesion levels. We show that the devices are capable of moderate switching ratios (Fon/Foff up to ∼50). We give a simple model to aid design and provide many options for scaling design performance through size, adhesive strength or through repetition of the pattern beyond a single unit cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theresa Elder
- Materials and Nanotechnology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA
| | - Timothy Twohig
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA.
| | - Andrew B Croll
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA.
- Materials and Nanotechnology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA
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8
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Huang X, Bu T, Zheng Q, Liu S, Li Y, Fang H, Qiu Y, Xie B, Yin Z, Wu H. Flexible sensors with zero Poisson's ratio. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae027. [PMID: 38577662 PMCID: PMC10989663 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Flexible sensors have been developed for the perception of various stimuli. However, complex deformation, usually resulting from forces or strains from multi-axes, can be challenging to measure due to the lack of independent perception of multiaxial stimuli. Herein, flexible sensors based on the metamaterial membrane with zero Poisson's ratio (ZPR) are proposed to achieve independent detection of biaxial stimuli. By deliberately designing the geometric dimensions and arrangement parameters of elements, the Poisson's ratio of an elastomer membrane can be modulated from negative to positive, and the ZPR membrane can maintain a constant transverse dimension under longitudinal stimuli. Due to the accurate monitoring of grasping force by ZPR sensors that are insensitive to curvatures of contact surfaces, rigid robotic manipulators can be guided to safely grasp deformable objects. Meanwhile, the ZPR sensor can also precisely distinguish different states of manipulators. When ZPR sensors are attached to a thermal-actuation soft robot, they can accurately detect the moving distance and direction. This work presents a new strategy for independent biaxial stimuli perception through the design of mechanical metamaterials, and may inspire the future development of advanced flexible sensors for healthcare, human-machine interfaces and robotic tactile sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tianzhao Bu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingyang Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shaoyu Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Han Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuqi Qiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhouping Yin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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9
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Jin L, Yang S. Engineering Kirigami Frameworks Toward Real-World Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308560. [PMID: 37983878 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The surge in advanced manufacturing techniques has led to a paradigm shift in the realm of material design from developing completely new chemistry to tailoring geometry within existing materials. Kirigami, evolved from a traditional cultural and artistic craft of cutting and folding, has emerged as a powerful framework that endows simple 2D sheets with unique mechanical, thermal, optical, and acoustic properties, as well as shape-shifting capabilities. Given its flexibility, versatility, and ease of fabrication, there are significant efforts in developing kirigami algorithms to create various architectured materials for a wide range of applications. This review summarizes the fundamental mechanisms that govern the transformation of kirigami structures and elucidates how these mechanisms contribute to their distinctive properties, including high stretchability and adaptability, tunable surface topography, programmable shape morphing, and characteristics of bistability and multistability. It then highlights several promising applications enabled by the unique kirigami designs and concludes with an outlook on the future challenges and perspectives of kirigami-inspired metamaterials toward real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishuai Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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10
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Li N, Shi JF, Zhang F, Jia LC, Wang YY, Yan DX, Li ZM. Peelable Microwave Absorption Coating with Reusable and Anticorrosion Merits. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6462-6473. [PMID: 38266189 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The peelable microwave absorption (MA) coating with reversible adhesion for stable presence on substrates and easy release without any residuals is highly desired in temporary electromagnetic protection, which can quickly enter and disengage the electromagnetic protection state according to the real-time changeable harsh surroundings. On the contrary, with the incorporation of abundant absorbent to achieve excellent MA ability, the tunable adhesion and sufficient cohesion are extremely challenging to fulfill the above requirement. The reported peelable coatings still have problems in controlling adhesion/cohesion strength and coating release, facing substantial residuals after peeling even using complex chemical modification or abundant additives. Herein, a peelable MA coating based on the block characteristics of polar and nonpolar segments of poly(styrene-(ethylene-co-butylene)-styrene) (SEBS) is successfully developed. The polyaniline-decorated carbon nanotube as a microwave absorber plays a positive influence on the adhesion/cohesion of the coating due to bonding interaction. The competitive effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 8.8 GHz and controllable yet reversible adhesion release on various substrates and complex surfaces have been achieved. The reusability endows peelable MA coating with 93% retention of EAB even after ten coating-peeling cycles. The coating with excellent chemical and adhesion stability can effectively protect substrates from salt/acid/alkali corrosion, showing over 98% retention of EAB even after 8 h of accelerated corrosion. Our peelable MA coating via a general yet reliable approach provides a prospect for temporary electromagnetic protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jun-Feng Shi
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Li-Chuan Jia
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yue-Yi Wang
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ding-Xiang Yan
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Robotic Satellite Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 10029, China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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11
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Pranda PA, Hedegaard A, Kim H, Clapper J, Nelson E, Hines L, Hayward RC, White TJ. Directional Adhesion of Monodomain Liquid Crystalline Elastomers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6394-6402. [PMID: 38266384 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) are widely employed in consumer goods, health care, and commercial industry. Anisotropic adhesion of PSAs is often desirable to enable high force capacity coupled with facile release and has typically been realized through the introduction of complex surface and/or bulk microstructures while also maintaining high surface conformability. Although effective, microstructure fabrication can add cost and complexity to adhesive fabrication. Here, we explore aligned liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) as directional adhesives. Aligned LCEs exhibit direction-dependent stiffness, dissipation, and nonlinear deformation under load. By varying the cross-link content, we study how the bulk mechanical properties of LCEs correlate to their peel strength and peel anisotropy. We demonstrate up to a 9-fold difference in peel force measured when the LCE is peeled parallel vs perpendicular to the alignment axis. Opportunities to spatially localize adhesion are presented in a monolithic LCE patterned with different director orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Pranda
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | | | - Hyunki Kim
- 3M Company, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55144, United States
| | - Jason Clapper
- 3M Company, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55144, United States
| | - Eric Nelson
- 3M Company, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55144, United States
| | - Lindsey Hines
- 3M Company, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55144, United States
| | - Ryan C Hayward
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Timothy J White
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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12
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Firouzeh A, Mizutani A, Groten J, Zirkl M, Shea H. PopTouch: A Submillimeter Thick Dynamically Reconfigured Haptic Interface with Pressable Buttons. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307636. [PMID: 37883071 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The interactions with touchscreens rely heavily on vision: The virtual buttons and virtual sliders on a touchscreen provide no mechanical sense of the object they seek to represent. This work presents PopTouch: a 500 µm thick flexible haptic display that creates pressable physical buttons on demand. PopTouch can be mounted directly on touchscreens or any other smooth surface, flat, or curved. The buttons of PopTouch are independently controlled hydraulically amplified electrostatic zipping taxels (tactile pixels) that generate 1.5 mm of out of plane displacement. When pressed by the user, the buttons provide intuitive mechanical feedback thanks to a snap-through characteristic in their force-displacement profile. The snap-through threshold can be as high as 4 N, and is tuned by design and actuation parameters. This work presents two versions of PopTouch: a transparent PopTouch for integration on Touchscreens with built-in touch sensing, such as smartphones and a sensorized PopTouch, with embedded thin-film piezoelectric sensors on each taxel, for integration on substrates without built-in touch sensing, such as a steering wheel. PopTouch adds static and vibrating button-like haptics to any device thanks to its thin profile, flexibility, low power consumption (6 mW per button), rapid refresh rate (2 Hz), and freely configured array format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Firouzeh
- Soft Transducers Laboratory (LMTS), Institute of Mechanical Engineering (IGM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Neuchatel, CH-2000, Switzerland
| | - Ayana Mizutani
- Soft Transducers Laboratory (LMTS), Institute of Mechanical Engineering (IGM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Neuchatel, CH-2000, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Groten
- Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Franz-Pichler-Straße 30, Weiz, A-8160, Austria
| | - Martin Zirkl
- Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Franz-Pichler-Straße 30, Weiz, A-8160, Austria
| | - Herbert Shea
- Soft Transducers Laboratory (LMTS), Institute of Mechanical Engineering (IGM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Neuchatel, CH-2000, Switzerland
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13
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Sierra‐Romero A, Novakovic K, Geoghegan M. A reversible water-based electrostatic adhesive. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202310750. [PMID: 37899307 PMCID: PMC10952749 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Commercial adhesives typically fall into two categories: structural or pressure sensitive. Structural glues rely on covalent bonds formed during curing and provide high tensile strength whilst pressure-sensitive adhesives use physical bonding to provide weaker adhesion, but with considerable convenience for the user. Here, a new class of adhesive is presented that is also reversible, with a bond strength intermediate between those of pressure-sensitive and structural adhesives. Complementary water-based formulations incorporating oppositely charged polyelectrolytes form electrostatic bonds that may be reversed through immersion in a low or high pH aqueous environment. This electrostatic adhesive has the advantageous property that it exhibits good adhesion to low-energy surfaces such as polypropylene. Furthermore, it is produced by the emulsion copolymerization of commodity materials, styrene and butyl acrylate, which makes it inexpensive and opens the possibility of industrial production. Bio-based materials have been also integrated into the formulations to further increase sustainability. Moreover, unlike other water-based glues, adhesion does not significantly degrade in humid environments. Because such electrostatic adhesives do not require mechanical detachment, they are appropriate for the large-scale recycling of, e.g., bottle labels or food packaging. The adhesive is also suitable for dismantling components in areas as varied as automotive parts and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Geoghegan
- School of EngineeringNewcastle UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneNE1 7RUUK
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14
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Shi Y, Wu B, Sun S, Wu P. Peeling-Stiffening Self-Adhesive Ionogel with Superhigh Interfacial Toughness. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2310576. [PMID: 38095148 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Self-adhesive materials that can directly adhere to diverse solid surfaces are indispensable in modern life and technologies. However, it remains a challenge to develop self-adhesive materials with strong adhesion while maintaining its intrinsic softness for efficient tackiness. Here, a peeling-stiffening self-adhesive ionogel that reconciles the seemingly contradictory properties of softness and strong adhesion is reported. The ionogel contains two ionophilic repeating units with distinct associating affinities, which allows to adaptively wet rough surface in the soft dissipating state for adhering, and to dramatically stiffen to the glassy state upon peeling. The corresponding modulus increases by 117 times driven by strain-rate-induced phase separation, which greatly suppresses crack propagation and results in a super high interfacial toughness of 8046 J m-2 . The self-adhesive ionogel is also transparent, self-healable, recyclable, and can be easily removed by simple moisture treatment. This strategy provides a new way to design high-performance self-adhesive materials for intelligent soft devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Baohu Wu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) Forschungszentrum Jülich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Shengtong Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
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15
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Choi G, Jeong HE. A cutting-edge solution for adhesives. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:933-934. [PMID: 37524819 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Geonjun Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Eui Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
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