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Li M, Jiang Y, Ju H, He S, Jia C, Guo X. Electronic Devices Based on Heterostructures of 2D Materials and Self-Assembled Monolayers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402857. [PMID: 38934535 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
2D materials (2DMs), known for their atomically ultrathin structure, exhibit remarkable electrical and optical properties. Similarly, molecular self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with comparable atomic thickness show an abundance of designable structures and properties. The strategy of constructing electronic devices through unique heterostructures formed by van der Waals assembly between 2DMs and molecular SAMs not only enables device miniaturization, but also allows for convenient adjustment of their structures and functions. In this review, the fundamental structures and fabrication methods of three different types of electronic devices dominated by 2DM-SAM heterojunctions with varying architectures are timely elaborated. Based on these heterojunctions, their fundamental functionalities and characteristics, as well as the regulation of their performance by external stimuli, are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Ju
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Suhang He
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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Chen L, Yang Z, Lin Q, Li X, Bai J, Hong W. Evolution of Single-Molecule Electronic Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1988-2004. [PMID: 38227964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Single-molecule electronics can fabricate single-molecule devices via the construction of molecule-electrode interfaces and also provide a unique tool to investigate single-molecule scale physicochemical processes at these interfaces. To investigate single-molecule electronic devices with desired functionalities, an understanding of the interface evolution processes in single-molecule devices is essential. In this review, we focus on the evolution of molecule-electrode interface properties, including the background of interface evolution in single-molecule electronics, the construction of different types of single-molecule interfaces, and the regulation methods. Finally, we discuss the perspective of future characterization techniques and applications for single-molecule electronic interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Zixian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Qichao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
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3
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Zhang H, Zhou P, Daaoub A, Sangtarash S, Zhao S, Yang Z, Zhou Y, Zou YL, Decurtins S, Häner R, Yang Y, Sadeghi H, Liu SX, Hong W. Atomically well-defined nitrogen doping for cross-plane transport through graphene heterojunctions. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6079-6086. [PMID: 37293661 PMCID: PMC10246689 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00075c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The nitrogen doping of graphene leads to graphene heterojunctions with a tunable bandgap, suitable for electronic, electrochemical, and sensing applications. However, the microscopic nature and charge transport properties of atomic-level nitrogen-doped graphene are still unknown, mainly due to the multiple doping sites with topological diversities. In this work, we fabricated atomically well-defined N-doped graphene heterojunctions and investigated the cross-plane transport through these heterojunctions to reveal the effects of doping on their electronic properties. We found that a different doping number of nitrogen atoms leads to a conductance difference of up to ∼288%, and the conductance of graphene heterojunctions with nitrogen-doping at different positions in the conjugated framework can also lead to a conductance difference of ∼170%. Combined ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and theoretical calculations reveal that the insertion of nitrogen atoms into the conjugation framework significantly stabilizes the frontier molecular orbitals, leading to a change in the relative positions of the HOMO and LUMO to the Fermi level of the electrodes. Our work provides a unique insight into the role of nitrogen doping in the charge transport through graphene heterojunctions and materials at the single atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, IKKEM, Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Abdalghani Daaoub
- Device Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Device Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Shiqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, IKKEM, Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen China
| | - Zixian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, IKKEM, Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, IKKEM, Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen China
| | - Yu-Ling Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, IKKEM, Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen China
| | - Silvio Decurtins
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Robert Häner
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, IKKEM, Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen China
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Device Modelling Group, School of Engineering, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Shi-Xia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, IKKEM, Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen China
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Daher Mansour M, Oswald J, Beretta D, Stiefel M, Furrer R, Calame M, Vuillaume D. Nanoscale electronic transport at graphene/pentacene van der Waals interfaces. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:9203-9213. [PMID: 37157969 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06682c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a study on the relationship between the structure and electron transport properties of nanoscale graphene/pentacene interfaces. We fabricated graphene/pentacene interfaces from 10 to 30 nm thick needle-like pentacene nanostructures down to two-three layer (2L-3L) dendritic pentacene islands, and we measured their electron transport properties by conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM). The energy barrier at the interfaces, i.e., the energy position of the pentacene highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) with respect to the Fermi energy of graphene and the C-AFM metal tip was determined and discussed with an appropriate electron transport model (a double Schottky diode model and a Landauer-Buttiker model, respectively) taking into account the voltage-dependent charge doping of graphene. In both types of samples, the energy barrier at the graphene/pentacene interface is slightly larger than that at the pentacene/metal tip interface, resulting in 0.47-0.55 eV and 0.21-0.34 eV, respectively, for the 10-30 nm thick needle-like pentacene islands, and 0.92-1.44 eV and 0.67-1.05 eV, respectively, for the 2L-3L thick dendritic pentacene nanostructures. We attribute this difference to the molecular organization details of the pentacene/graphene heterostructures, with pentacene molecules lying flat on graphene in the needle-like pentacene nanostructures, while standing upright in the 2L-3L dendritic islands, as observed from Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Daher Mansour
- Institut for Electronic, Microelectronic and Nanotechnology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Jacopo Oswald
- Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Dübendorf, Switzerland.
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Davide Beretta
- Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Stiefel
- Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Roman Furrer
- Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Michel Calame
- Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Dübendorf, Switzerland.
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Vuillaume
- Institut for Electronic, Microelectronic and Nanotechnology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Yang C, Yang C, Guo Y, Feng J, Guo X. Graphene-molecule-graphene single-molecule junctions to detect electronic reactions at the molecular scale. Nat Protoc 2023:10.1038/s41596-023-00822-x. [PMID: 37045993 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00822-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to measure the behavior of a single molecule during a reaction implies the detection of inherent dynamic and static disordered states, which may not be represented when measuring ensemble averages. Here, we describe the building of devices with graphene-molecule-graphene single-molecule junctions integrated into an electrical circuit. These devices are simple to build and are stable, showing tolerance to mechanical changes, solution environment and voltage stimulation. The design of a conductive channel based on a single molecule enables single-molecule detection and is sensitive to variations in physical properties and chemical structures of the detected molecules. The on-chip setup of single-molecule junctions further offers complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility, enabling logic functions in circuit elements, as well as deciphering of reaction intermediates. We detail the experimental procedure to prepare graphene transistor arrays as a basis for single-molecule junctions and the preparation of nanogapped carboxyl-terminal graphene electrodes by using electron-beam lithography and oxygen plasma etching. We describe the basic design of a molecular bridge with desired functions and terminals to form covalent bonds with electrode arrays, via a chemical reaction, to construct stably integrated single-molecule devices with a yield of 30-50% per chip. The immobilization of the single molecules is then characterized by using inelastic electron tunneling spectra, single-molecule imaging and fluorescent spectra. The whole protocol can be implemented within 2 weeks and requires users trained in using ultra-clean laboratory facilities and the aforementioned instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyao Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Centre of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Trasobares J, Martín-Romano JC, Khaliq MW, Ruiz-Gómez S, Foerster M, Niño MÁ, Pedraz P, Dappe YJ, de Ory MC, García-Pérez J, Acebrón M, Osorio MR, Magaz MT, Gomez A, Miranda R, Granados D. Hybrid molecular graphene transistor as an operando and optoelectronic platform. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1381. [PMID: 36914623 PMCID: PMC10011542 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of reproducibility hampers molecular devices integration into large-scale circuits. Thus, incorporating operando characterization can facilitate the understanding of multiple features producing disparities in different devices. In this work, we report the realization of hybrid molecular graphene field effect transistors (m-GFETs) based on 11-(Ferrocenyl)undecanethiol (FcC11SH) micro self-assembled monolayers (μSAMs) and high-quality graphene (Gr) in a back-gated configuration. On the one hand, Gr enables redox electron transfer, avoids molecular degradation and permits operando spectroscopy. On the other hand, molecular electrode decoration shifts the Gr Dirac point (VDP) to neutrality and generates a photocurrent in the Gr electron conduction regime. Benefitting from this heterogeneous response, the m-GFETs can implement optoelectronic AND/OR logic functions. Our approach represents a step forward in the field of molecular scale electronics with implications in sensing and computing based on sustainable chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Trasobares
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain. .,Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution (Biomathematics), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | | | - Muhammad Waqas Khaliq
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08290, Spain.,Department of Condensed Matter Physics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Ruiz-Gómez
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08290, Spain
| | - Michael Foerster
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08290, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Niño
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08290, Spain
| | | | - Yannick J Dappe
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850, Spain
| | | | | | - María Acebrón
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | | | | | - Alicia Gomez
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Miranda
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191, France.,Dpto. de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Spain
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7
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Single-Molecule Chemical Reactions Unveiled in Molecular Junctions. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding chemical processes at the single-molecule scale represents the ultimate limit of analytical chemistry. Single-molecule detection techniques allow one to reveal the detailed dynamics and kinetics of a chemical reaction with unprecedented accuracy. It has also enabled the discoveries of new reaction pathways or intermediates/transition states that are inaccessible in conventional ensemble experiments, which is critical to elucidating their intrinsic mechanisms. Thanks to the rapid development of single-molecule junction (SMJ) techniques, detecting chemical reactions via monitoring the electrical current through single molecules has received an increasing amount of attention and has witnessed tremendous advances in recent years. Research efforts in this direction have opened a new route for probing chemical and physical processes with single-molecule precision. This review presents detailed advancements in probing single-molecule chemical reactions using SMJ techniques. We specifically highlight recent progress in investigating electric-field-driven reactions, reaction dynamics and kinetics, host–guest interactions, and redox reactions of different molecular systems. Finally, we discuss the potential of single-molecule detection using SMJs across various future applications.
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8
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Felix AB, Pacheco M, Orellana P, Latgé A. Vertical and In-Plane Electronic Transport of Graphene Nanoribbon/Nanotube Heterostructures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3475. [PMID: 36234603 PMCID: PMC9565596 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
All-carbon systems have proven to present interesting transport properties and are often used in electronic devices. Motivated by recent resonant responses measured on graphene/fullerene junction, we propose coupled nanoribbons/carbon-nanotube heterostructures for use as charge filters and to allow tuned transport. These hybrid systems are engineered as a four-terminal device, and we explore multiple combinations of source and collector leads. The armchair-edge configuration results in midgap states when the transport is carried through top/bottom terminals. Such states are robust against the lack of perfect order on the tube and are revealed as sharp steps in the characteristic current curves when a bias potential is turned on. The zigzag-edge systems exhibit differential negative resistance, with features determined by the details of the hybrid structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bernardo Felix
- Physics Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Av. Litorânea, Niterói 24210-356, RJ, Brazil
| | - Monica Pacheco
- Physics Departament, Santa Maria University, Av. Espana, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
| | - Pedro Orellana
- Physics Departament, Santa Maria University, Av. Espana, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
| | - Andrea Latgé
- Physics Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Av. Litorânea, Niterói 24210-356, RJ, Brazil
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9
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Rodriguez RD, Fatkullin M, Garcia A, Petrov I, Averkiev A, Lipovka A, Lu L, Shchadenko S, Wang R, Sun J, Li Q, Jia X, Cheng C, Kanoun O, Sheremet E. Laser-Engineered Multifunctional Graphene-Glass Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2206877. [PMID: 36038983 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glass electronics inspire the emergence of smart functional surfaces. To evolve this concept to the next level, developing new strategies for scalable, inexpensive, and electrically conductive glass-based robust nanocomposites is crucial. Graphene is an attractive material as a conductive filler; however, integrating it firmly into a glass with no energy-intensive sintering, melting, or harsh chemicals has not been possible until now. Moreover, these methods have very limited capability for fabricating robust patterns for electronic circuits. In this work, a conductive (160 OΩ sq-1 ) and resilient nanocomposite between glass and graphene is achieved via single-step laser-induced backward transfer (LIBT). Beyond conventional LIBT involving mass transfer, this approach simultaneously drives chemical transformations in glass including silicon compound formation and graphene oxide (GO) reduction. These processes take place together with the generation and transfer of the highest-quality laser-reduced GO (rGO) reported to date (Raman intensity ratio ID /IG = 0.31) and its integration into the glass. The rGO-LIBT nanocomposite is further functionalized with silver to achieve a highly sensitive (10-9 m) dual-channel plasmonic optical and electrochemical sensor. Besides the electrical circuit demonstration, an electrothermal heater is fabricated that reaches temperatures above 300 °C and continuously operates for over 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul D Rodriguez
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin ave. 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Maxim Fatkullin
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin ave. 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Aura Garcia
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin ave. 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Ilia Petrov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin ave. 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Andrey Averkiev
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin ave. 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Anna Lipovka
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin ave. 30, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Liliang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Engineering Research Center of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, P. R. China
| | | | - Ranran Wang
- The State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Jing Sun
- The State Key Lab of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Qiu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xin Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Engineering Research Center of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, P. R. China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Olfa Kanoun
- Professorship Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
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10
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Enhanced Stability and Mechanical Properties of a Graphene–Protein Nanocomposite Film by a Facile Non-Covalent Self-Assembly Approach. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071181. [PMID: 35407299 PMCID: PMC9000757 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanocomposite films (NCFs) are in high demand due to their superior photoelectric and thermal properties, but their stability and mechanical properties form a bottleneck. Herein, a facile approach was used to prepare nacre-mimetic NCFs through the non-covalent self-assembly of graphene oxide (GO) and biocompatible proteins. Various characterization techniques were employed to characterize the as-prepared NCFs and to track the interactions between GO and proteins. The conformational changes of various proteins induced by GO determined the film-forming ability of NCFs, and the binding of bull serum albumin (BSA)/hemoglobin (HB) on GO’s surface was beneficial for improving the stability of as-prepared NCFs. Compared with the GO film without any additive, the indentation hardness and equivalent elastic modulus could be improved by 50.0% and 68.6% for GO–BSA NCF; and 100% and 87.5% for GO–HB NCF. Our strategy should be facile and effective for fabricating well-designed bio-nanocomposites for universal functional applications.
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11
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Waissman J, Anderson LE, Talanov AV, Yan Z, Shin YJ, Najafabadi DH, Rezaee M, Feng X, Nocera DG, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Skinner B, Matveev KA, Kim P. Electronic thermal transport measurement in low-dimensional materials with graphene non-local noise thermometry. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:166-173. [PMID: 34782778 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-01015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In low-dimensional systems, the combination of reduced dimensionality, strong interactions and topology has led to a growing number of many-body quantum phenomena. Thermal transport, which is sensitive to all energy-carrying degrees of freedom, provides a discriminating probe of emergent excitations in quantum materials and devices. However, thermal transport measurements in low dimensions are dominated by the phonon contribution of the lattice, requiring an experimental approach to isolate the electronic thermal conductance. Here we measured non-local voltage fluctuations in a multi-terminal device to reveal the electronic heat transported across a mesoscopic bridge made of low-dimensional materials. Using two-dimensional graphene as a noise thermometer, we measured the quantitative electronic thermal conductance of graphene and carbon nanotubes up to 70 K, achieving a precision of ~1% of the thermal conductance quantum at 5 K. Employing linear and nonlinear thermal transport, we observed signatures of energy transport mediated by long-range interactions in one-dimensional electron systems, in agreement with a theoretical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Waissman
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Artem V Talanov
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhongying Yan
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Young J Shin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Mehdi Rezaee
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaowen Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Brian Skinner
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Philip Kim
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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12
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Lin Y, Han Y, Sharma A, AlGhamdi WS, Liu C, Chang T, Xiao X, Lin W, Lu P, Seitkhan A, Mottram AD, Pattanasattayavong P, Faber H, Heeney M, Anthopoulos TD. A Tri-Channel Oxide Transistor Concept for the Rapid Detection of Biomolecules Including the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104608. [PMID: 34738258 PMCID: PMC8646384 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state transistor sensors that can detect biomolecules in real time are highly attractive for emerging bioanalytical applications. However, combining upscalable manufacturing with the required performance remains challenging. Here, an alternative biosensor transistor concept is developed, which relies on a solution-processed In2 O3 /ZnO semiconducting heterojunction featuring a geometrically engineered tri-channel architecture for the rapid, real-time detection of important biomolecules. The sensor combines a high electron mobility channel, attributed to the electronic properties of the In2 O3 /ZnO heterointerface, in close proximity to a sensing surface featuring tethered analyte receptors. The unusual tri-channel design enables strong coupling between the buried electron channel and electrostatic perturbations occurring during receptor-analyte interactions allowing for robust, real-time detection of biomolecules down to attomolar (am) concentrations. The experimental findings are corroborated by extensive device simulations, highlighting the unique advantages of the heterojunction tri-channel design. By functionalizing the surface of the geometrically engineered channel with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody receptors, real-time detection of the SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 protein down to am concentrations is demonstrated in under 2 min in physiological relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen‐Hung Lin
- Blackett LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
- Clarendon LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3PUUK
| | - Yang Han
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Abhinav Sharma
- KAUST Solar CentreKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Wejdan S. AlGhamdi
- KAUST Solar CentreKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Chien‐Hao Liu
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Tzu‐Hsuan Chang
- Department of Electrical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Xi‐Wen Xiao
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Wei‐Zhi Lin
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Po‐Yu Lu
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei10617Taiwan
| | - Akmaral Seitkhan
- KAUST Solar CentreKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexander D. Mottram
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSchool of Molecular Science and EngineeringVidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC)Rayong21210Thailand
| | - Pichaya Pattanasattayavong
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSchool of Molecular Science and EngineeringVidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC)Rayong21210Thailand
| | - Hendrik Faber
- KAUST Solar CentreKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Thomas D. Anthopoulos
- Blackett LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
- KAUST Solar CentreKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
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13
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Gemma A, Gotsmann B. A roadmap for molecular thermoelectricity. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1299-1301. [PMID: 34887535 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-01012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gemma
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, Rueschlikon, Switzerland
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14
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Sengul O, Valli A, Stadler R. Electrode effects on the observability of destructive quantum interference in single-molecule junctions. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:17011-17021. [PMID: 34617536 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01230d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Destructive quantum interference (QI) has been a source of interest as a new paradigm for molecular electronics as the electronic conductance is widely dependent on the occurrence or absence of destructive QI effects. In order to interpret experimentally observed transmission features, it is necessary to understand the effects of all components of the junction on electron transport. We perform non-equilibrium Green's function calculations within the framework of density functional theory to assess the structure-function relationship of transport through pyrene molecular junctions with distinct QI properties. The chemical nature of the anchor groups and the electrodes controls the Fermi level alignment, which determines the observability of destructive QI. A thorough analysis allows to disentangle the transmission features arising from the molecule and the electrodes. Interestingly, graphene electrodes introduce features in the low-bias regime, which can either mask or be misinterpreted as QI effects, while instead originating from the topological properties of the edges. Thus, this first principles analysis provides clear indications to guide the interpretation of experimental studies, which cannot be obtained from simple Hückel model calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Sengul
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Angelo Valli
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Robert Stadler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Yao X, Vonesch M, Combes M, Weiss J, Sun X, Lacroix JC. Single-Molecule Junctions with Highly Improved Stability. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6540-6548. [PMID: 34286999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule junctions (SMJs) have been fabricated using layers generated by diazonium electroreduction. This process creates a C-Au covalent bond between the molecule and the electrode. Rigid oligomers of variable length, based on porphyrin derivatives in their free base or cobalt complex forms, have been grafted on the surface. The conductance of the oligomers has been studied by a scanning tunneling microscopy break junction (STM-bj) technique and G(t) measurements, and the lifetime of the SMJs has been investigated. The conductance histograms indicate that charge transport in the porphyrins is relatively efficient and influenced by the presence of the cobalt center. With both systems, random telegraph G(t) signals are easily recorded, showing SMJ on/off states. The SMJs then stabilize and exhibit a surprisingly long lifetime around 10 s, and attenuation plots, obtained by both G(t) and STM-bj measurements, give identical values. This work shows that highly stable SMJs can be prepared using a diazonium grafting approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Yao
- ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, Université de Paris, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Maxime Vonesch
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Maïwenn Combes
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Weiss
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Xiaonan Sun
- ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, Université de Paris, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Lacroix
- ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, Université de Paris, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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16
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Functionalized and Platinum-Decorated Multi-Layer Oxidized Graphene as a Proton, and Electron Conducting Separator in Solid Acid Fuel Cells. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present article, electrodes containing a composite of platinum on top of a plasma-oxidized multi-layer graphene film are investigated as model electrodes that combine an exceptional high platinum utilization with high electrode stability. Graphene is thereby acting as a separator between the phosphate-based electrolyte and the platinum catalyst. Electrochemical impedance measurements in humidified hydrogen at 240 °C show area-normalized electrode resistance of 0.06 Ω·cm−2 for a platinum loading of ∼60 µgPt·cm−2, resulting in an outstanding mass normalized activity of almost 280 S·mgPt−1, exceeding even state-of-the-art electrodes. The presented platinum decorated graphene electrodes enable stable operation over 60 h with a non-optimized degradation rate of 0.15% h−1, whereas electrodes with a similar design but without the graphene as separator are prone to a very fast degradation. The presented results propose an efficient way to stabilize solid acid fuel cell electrodes and provide valuable insights about the degradation processes which are essential for further electrode optimization.
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17
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High-yield parallel fabrication of quantum-dot monolayer single-electron devices displaying Coulomb staircase, contacted by graphene. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4307. [PMID: 34262029 PMCID: PMC8280191 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is challenging for conventional top-down lithography to fabricate reproducible devices very close to atomic dimensions, whereas identical molecules and very similar nanoparticles can be made bottom-up in large quantities, and can be self-assembled on surfaces. The challenge is to fabricate electrical contacts to many such small objects at the same time, so that nanocrystals and molecules can be incorporated into conventional integrated circuits. Here, we report a scalable method for contacting a self-assembled monolayer of nanoparticles with a single layer of graphene. This produces single-electron effects, in the form of a Coulomb staircase, with a yield of 87 ± 13% in device areas ranging from < 800 nm2 to 16 μm2, containing up to 650,000 nanoparticles. Our technique offers scalable assembly of ultra-high densities of functional particles or molecules that could be used in electronic integrated circuits, as memories, switches, sensors or thermoelectric generators. The integration of nano-molecules into microelectronic circuitry is challenging. Here, the authors provide a scalable method for contacting a self-assembled monolayer of nanoparticles with a single layer of graphene that produces single-electron effects, in the form of a Coulomb staircase, with a yield of at least 70%.
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18
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Ghasemi S, Moth-Poulsen K. Single molecule electronic devices with carbon-based materials: status and opportunity. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:659-671. [PMID: 33406181 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07844a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The field of single molecule electronics has progressed remarkably in the past decades by allowing for more versatile molecular functions and improving device fabrication techniques. In particular, electrodes made from carbon-based materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may enable parallel fabrication of multiple single molecule devices. In this perspective, we review the recent progress in the field of single molecule electronics, with a focus on devices that utilizes carbon-based electrodes. The paper is structured in three main sections: (i) controlling the molecule/graphene electrode interface using covalent and non-covalent approaches, (ii) using CNTs as electrodes for fabricating single molecule devices, and (iii) a discussion of possible future directions employing new or emerging 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Ghasemi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412-96 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412-96 Göteborg, Sweden.
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19
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Zwolak M. Analytic expressions for the steady-state current with finite extended reservoirs. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:224107. [PMID: 33317280 PMCID: PMC8356363 DOI: 10.1063/5.0029223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Open-system simulations of quantum transport provide a platform for the study of true steady states, Floquet states, and the role of temperature, time dynamics, and fluctuations, among other physical processes. They are rapidly gaining traction, especially techniques that revolve around "extended reservoirs," a collection of a finite number of degrees of freedom with relaxation that maintains a bias or temperature gradient, and have appeared under various guises (e.g., the extended or mesoscopic reservoir, auxiliary master equation, and driven Liouville-von Neumann approaches). Yet, there are still a number of open questions regarding the behavior and convergence of these techniques. Here, we derive general analytical solutions, and associated asymptotic analyses, for the steady-state current driven by finite reservoirs with proportional coupling to the system/junction. In doing so, we present a simplified and unified derivation of the non-interacting and many-body steady-state currents through arbitrary junctions, including outside of proportional coupling. We conjecture that the analytic solution for proportional coupling is the most general of its form for isomodal relaxation (i.e., relaxing proportional coupling will remove the ability to find compact, general analytical expressions for finite reservoirs). These results should be of broad utility in diagnosing the behavior and implementation of extended reservoir and related approaches, including the convergence to the Landauer limit (for non-interacting systems) and the Meir-Wingreen formula (for many-body systems).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zwolak
- Biophysical and Biomedical Measurement Group, Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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20
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Hao G, Cheng R, Dowben PA. The emergence of the local moment molecular spin transistor. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:234002. [PMID: 32045894 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab74e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Local moment molecular systems have now been used as the conduction channel in gated spintronics devices, and some of these three terminal devices might even be considered molecular spin transistors. In these systems, the gate voltage can be used to tune the molecular level alignment, while applied magnetic fields have an influence on the spin state, altering the magnetic properties, and providing insights to the magnetic anisotropy. More recently, the use of molecular spin crossover complexes, as the conduction channel, has led to devices that are both nonvolatile and have functionality at higher temperatures. Indeed, some devices have now been demonstrated to work at room temperature. Here, several molecular transistors, including those claiming to use single molecule magnets (SMM), are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Hao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0299, United States of America
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21
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El Abbassi M, Perrin ML, Barin GB, Sangtarash S, Overbeck J, Braun O, Lambert CJ, Sun Q, Prechtl T, Narita A, Müllen K, Ruffieux P, Sadeghi H, Fasel R, Calame M. Controlled Quantum Dot Formation in Atomically Engineered Graphene Nanoribbon Field-Effect Transistors. ACS NANO 2020; 14:5754-5762. [PMID: 32223259 PMCID: PMC7254832 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have attracted strong interest from researchers worldwide, as they constitute an emerging class of quantum-designed materials. The major challenges toward their exploitation in electronic applications include reliable contacting, complicated by their small size (<50 nm), and the preservation of their physical properties upon device integration. In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we report on the quantum dot behavior of atomically precise GNRs integrated in a device geometry. The devices consist of a film of aligned five-atom-wide GNRs (5-AGNRs) transferred onto graphene electrodes with a sub 5 nm nanogap. We demonstrate that these narrow-bandgap 5-AGNRs exhibit metal-like behavior at room temperature and single-electron transistor behavior for temperatures below 150 K. By performing spectroscopy of the molecular levels at 13 K, we obtain addition energies in the range of 200-300 meV. DFT calculations predict comparable addition energies and reveal the presence of two electronic states within the bandgap of infinite ribbons when the finite length of the 5-AGNR is accounted for. By demonstrating the preservation of the 5-AGNRs' molecular levels upon device integration, as demonstrated by transport spectroscopy, our study provides a critical step forward in the realization of more exotic GNR-based nanoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria El Abbassi
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University
of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mickael L. Perrin
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Borin Barin
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Department
of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
- School of
Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Overbeck
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Braun
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Colin J. Lambert
- Department
of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Qiang Sun
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Department
of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
- School of
Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michel Calame
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss
Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Zhao S, Wu Q, Pi J, Liu J, Zheng J, Hou S, Wei J, Li R, Sadeghi H, Yang Y, Shi J, Chen Z, Xiao Z, Lambert C, Hong W. Cross-plane transport in a single-molecule two-dimensional van der Waals heterojunction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba6714. [PMID: 32524003 PMCID: PMC7259930 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba6714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional van der Waals heterojunctions (2D-vdWHs) stacked from atomically thick 2D materials are predicted to be a diverse class of electronic materials with unique electronic properties. These properties can be further tuned by sandwiching monolayers of planar organic molecules between 2D materials to form molecular 2D-vdWHs (M-2D-vdWHs), in which electricity flows in a cross-plane way from one 2D layer to the other via a single molecular layer. Using a newly developed cross-plane break junction technique, combined with density functional theory calculations, we show that M-2D-vdWHs can be created and that cross-plane charge transport can be tuned by incorporating guest molecules. The M-2D-vdWHs exhibit distinct cross-plane charge transport signatures, which differ from those of molecules undergoing in-plane charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Jiuchan Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jueting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Songjun Hou
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Junying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ruihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhaobin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zongyuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Colin Lambert
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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23
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Jia C, Grace IM, Wang P, Almeshal A, Huang Z, Wang Y, Chen P, Wang L, Zhou J, Feng Z, Zhao Z, Huang Y, Lambert CJ, Duan X. Redox Control of Charge Transport in Vertical Ferrocene Molecular Tunnel Junctions. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Overbeck J, Barin GB, Daniels C, Perrin ML, Braun O, Sun Q, Darawish R, De Luca M, Wang XY, Dumslaff T, Narita A, Müllen K, Ruffieux P, Meunier V, Fasel R, Calame M. A Universal Length-Dependent Vibrational Mode in Graphene Nanoribbons. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13083-13091. [PMID: 31573799 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have attracted considerable interest, as their atomically tunable structure makes them promising candidates for future electronic devices. However, obtaining detailed information about the length of GNRs has been challenging and typically relies on low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Such methods are ill-suited for practical device application and characterization. In contrast, Raman spectroscopy is a sensitive method for the characterization of GNRs, in particular for investigating their width and structure. Here, we report on a length-dependent, Raman-active low-energy vibrational mode that is present in atomically precise, bottom-up-synthesized armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs). Our Raman study demonstrates that this mode is present in all families of AGNRs and provides information on their length. Our spectroscopic findings are corroborated by scanning tunneling microscopy images and supported by first-principles calculations that allow us to attribute this mode to a longitudinal acoustic phonon. Finally, we show that this mode is a sensitive probe for the overall structural integrity of the ribbons and their interaction with technologically relevant substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Overbeck
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
- Department of Physics , University of Basel , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute , University of Basel , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Borin Barin
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Colin Daniels
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States
| | - Mickael L Perrin
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Oliver Braun
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
- Department of Physics , University of Basel , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Qiang Sun
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Rimah Darawish
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , 3012 Bern , Switzerland
| | - Marta De Luca
- Department of Physics , University of Basel , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Xiao-Ye Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Tim Dumslaff
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz , Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Vincent Meunier
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy , Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy , New York 12180 , United States
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , 3012 Bern , Switzerland
| | - Michel Calame
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
- Department of Physics , University of Basel , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience Institute , University of Basel , 4056 Basel , Switzerland
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25
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Mayer D, Scheer E. Stability makes a difference. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:925-926. [PMID: 31527842 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0537-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Elke Scheer
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
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