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Thomas P, Ruscio L, Morin O, Rempe G. Fusion of deterministically generated photonic graph states. Nature 2024; 629:567-572. [PMID: 38720079 PMCID: PMC11096110 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Entanglement has evolved from an enigmatic concept of quantum physics to a key ingredient of quantum technology. It explains correlations between measurement outcomes that contradict classical physics and has been widely explored with small sets of individual qubits. Multi-partite entangled states build up in gate-based quantum-computing protocols and-from a broader perspective-were proposed as the main resource for measurement-based quantum-information processing1,2. The latter requires the ex-ante generation of a multi-qubit entangled state described by a graph3-6. Small graph states such as Bell or linear cluster states have been produced with photons7-16, but the proposed quantum-computing and quantum-networking applications require fusion of such states into larger and more powerful states in a programmable fashion17-21. Here we achieve this goal by using an optical resonator22 containing two individually addressable atoms23,24. Ring25 and tree26 graph states with up to eight qubits, with the names reflecting the entanglement topology, are efficiently fused from the photonic states emitted by the individual atoms. The fusion process itself uses a cavity-assisted gate between the two atoms. Our technique is, in principle, scalable to even larger numbers of qubits and is the decisive step towards, for instance, a memory-less quantum repeater in a future quantum internet27-29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Thomas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Olivier Morin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Rempe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
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2
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Chen S, Peng LC, Guo YP, Gu XM, Ding X, Liu RZ, Zhao JY, You X, Qin J, Wang YF, He YM, Renema JJ, Huo YH, Wang H, Lu CY, Pan JW. Heralded Three-Photon Entanglement from a Single-Photon Source on a Photonic Chip. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:130603. [PMID: 38613293 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.130603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
In the quest to build general-purpose photonic quantum computers, fusion-based quantum computation has risen to prominence as a promising strategy. This model allows a ballistic construction of large cluster states which are universal for quantum computation, in a scalable and loss-tolerant way without feed forward, by fusing many small n-photon entangled resource states. However, a key obstacle to this architecture lies in efficiently generating the required essential resource states on photonic chips. One such critical seed state that has not yet been achieved is the heralded three-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (3-GHZ) state. Here, we address this elementary resource gap, by reporting the first experimental realization of a heralded 3-GHZ state. Our implementation employs a low-loss and fully programmable photonic chip that manipulates six indistinguishable single photons of wavelengths in the telecommunication regime. Conditional on the heralding detection, we obtain the desired 3-GHZ state with a fidelity 0.573±0.024. Our Letter marks an important step for the future fault-tolerant photonic quantum computing, leading to the acceleration of building a large-scale optical quantum computer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Li-Chao Peng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Y-P Guo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - X-M Gu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - X Ding
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - R-Z Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - J-Y Zhao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - X You
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, School of Cyberspace Security, Hefei, China
| | - J Qin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Y-F Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Yu-Ming He
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jelmer J Renema
- QuiX Quantum B.V., Hengelosestraat 500, 7521 AN Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Yong-Heng Huo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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3
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Yang J, Chen Y, Rao Z, Zheng Z, Song C, Chen Y, Xiong K, Chen P, Zhang C, Wu W, Yu Y, Yu S. Tunable quantum dots in monolithic Fabry-Perot microcavities for high-performance single-photon sources. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:33. [PMID: 38291018 PMCID: PMC10828388 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Cavity-enhanced single quantum dots (QDs) are the main approach towards ultra-high-performance solid-state quantum light sources for scalable photonic quantum technologies. Nevertheless, harnessing the Purcell effect requires precise spectral and spatial alignment of the QDs' emission with the cavity mode, which is challenging for most cavities. Here we have successfully integrated miniaturized Fabry-Perot microcavities with a piezoelectric actuator, and demonstrated a bright single-photon source derived from a deterministically coupled QD within this microcavity. Leveraging the cavity-membrane structures, we have achieved large spectral tunability via strain tuning. On resonance, a high Purcell factor of ~9 is attained. The source delivers single photons with simultaneous high extraction efficiency of 0.58, high purity of 0.956(2) and high indistinguishability of 0.922(4). Together with its compact footprint, our scheme facilitates the scalable integration of indistinguishable quantum light sources on-chip, therefore removing a major barrier to the development of solid-state quantum information platforms based on QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information Mechanism and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China
| | - Zhixuan Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ziyang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Changkun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kaili Xiong
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information Mechanism and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China
| | - Pingxing Chen
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information Mechanism and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Chaofan Zhang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information Mechanism and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China
| | - Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Siyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China
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4
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Wo KJ, Avis G, Rozpędek F, Mor-Ruiz MF, Pieplow G, Schröder T, Jiang L, Sørensen AS, Borregaard J. Resource-efficient fault-tolerant one-way quantum repeater with code concatenation. NPJ QUANTUM INFORMATION 2023; 9:123. [PMID: 38665254 PMCID: PMC11041798 DOI: 10.1038/s41534-023-00792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
One-way quantum repeaters where loss and operational errors are counteracted by quantum error-correcting codes can ensure fast and reliable qubit transmission in quantum networks. It is crucial that the resource requirements of such repeaters, for example, the number of qubits per repeater node and the complexity of the quantum error-correcting operations are kept to a minimum to allow for near-future implementations. To this end, we propose a one-way quantum repeater that targets both the loss and operational error rates in a communication channel in a resource-efficient manner using code concatenation. Specifically, we consider a tree-cluster code as an inner loss-tolerant code concatenated with an outer 5-qubit code for protection against Pauli errors. Adopting flag-based stabilizer measurements, we show that intercontinental distances of up to 10,000 km can be bridged with a minimized resource overhead by interspersing repeater nodes that each specialize in suppressing either loss or operational errors. Our work demonstrates how tailored error-correcting codes can significantly lower the experimental requirements for long-distance quantum communication.
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Grants
- NWO Gravitation Program Quantum Software Consortium - QSC024.003.037
- ARO(W911NF-23-1-0077), ARO MURI (W911NF-21-1-0325), AFOSR MURI (FA9550-19-1-0399, FA9550-21-1-0209), AFRL (FA8649- 21-P-0781), NSF (OMA-1936118, ERC-1941583, OMA-2137642), NTT Research, Packard Foundation (2020-71479), and the Marshall and Arlene Bennett Family Research Program.
- Austrian Science Fund (Fonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung)
- Finanziert von der Europäischen Union - NextGenerationEU
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research)
- European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant "QUREP")
- Danish Nation Research Foundation (Center of Excellence "Hy-Q," Grant No. DNRF139)
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Jen Wo
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, 117543 Singapore
| | - Guus Avis
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
- Quantum Computer Science, EEMCS, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
- College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Filip Rozpędek
- College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Maria Flors Mor-Ruiz
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technikerstraße 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gregor Pieplow
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Schröder
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liang Jiang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - Anders S. Sørensen
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Johannes Borregaard
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
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5
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Santos AC, Schneider C, Bachelard R, Predojević A, Antón-Solanas C. Multipartite entanglement encoded in the photon-number basis by sequential excitation of a three-level system. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:6332-6335. [PMID: 38039260 DOI: 10.1364/ol.506403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose a general scheme to generate entanglement encoded in the photon-number basis, via a sequential resonant two-photon excitation of a three-level system. We apply it to the specific case of a quantum dot three-level system, which can emit a photon pair through a biexciton-exciton cascade. The state generated in our scheme constitutes a tool for secure communication, as the multipartite correlations present in the produced state may provide an enhanced rate of secret communication with respect to a perfect GHZ state.
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Yu Y, Liu S, Lee CM, Michler P, Reitzenstein S, Srinivasan K, Waks E, Liu J. Telecom-band quantum dot technologies for long-distance quantum networks. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:1389-1400. [PMID: 38049595 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
A future quantum internet is expected to generate, distribute, store and process quantum bits (qubits) over the world by linking different quantum nodes via quantum states of light. To facilitate long-haul operations, quantum repeaters must operate at telecom wavelengths to take advantage of both the low-loss optical fibre network and the established technologies of modern optical communications. Semiconductor quantum dots have thus far shown exceptional performance as key elements for quantum repeaters, such as quantum light sources and spin-photon interfaces, but only in the near-infrared regime. Therefore, the development of high-performance telecom-band quantum dot devices is highly desirable for a future solid-state quantum internet based on fibre networks. In this Review, we present the physics and technological developments towards epitaxial quantum dot devices emitting in the telecom O- and C-bands for quantum networks, considering both advanced epitaxial growth for direct telecom emission and quantum frequency conversion for telecom-band down-conversion of near-infrared quantum dot devices. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities for future realization of telecom quantum dot devices with improved performance and expanded functionality through hybrid integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Peter Michler
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IHFG), Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stephan Reitzenstein
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kartik Srinivasan
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Edo Waks
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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7
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Yan JY, Chen C, Zhang XD, Wang YT, Babin HG, Wieck AD, Ludwig A, Meng Y, Hu X, Duan H, Chen W, Fang W, Cygorek M, Lin X, Wang DW, Jin CY, Liu F. Coherent control of a high-orbital hole in a semiconductor quantum dot. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:1139-1146. [PMID: 37488220 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01442-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Coherently driven semiconductor quantum dots are one of the most promising platforms for non-classical light sources and quantum logic gates which form the foundation of photonic quantum technologies. However, to date, coherent manipulation of single charge carriers in quantum dots is limited mainly to their lowest orbital states. Ultrafast coherent control of high-orbital states is obstructed by the demand for tunable terahertz pulses. To break this constraint, we demonstrate an all-optical method to control high-orbital states of a hole via a stimulated Auger process. The coherent nature of the Auger process is proved by Rabi oscillation and Ramsey interference. Harnessing this coherence further enables the investigation of the single-hole relaxation mechanism. A hole relaxation time of 161 ps is observed and attributed to the phonon bottleneck effect. Our work opens new possibilities for understanding the fundamental properties of high-orbital states in quantum emitters and for developing new types of orbital-based quantum photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yong Yan
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Tong Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hans-Georg Babin
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas D Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Yun Meng
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronic Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Huali Duan
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ZJU-UIUC Institute, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Wenchao Chen
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ZJU-UIUC Institute, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Wei Fang
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Moritz Cygorek
- SUPA, Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xing Lin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao-Yuan Jin
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- Center for Information Technology Application Innovation, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- International Joint Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Haining, China.
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8
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Antoniadis NO, Hogg MR, Stehl WF, Javadi A, Tomm N, Schott R, Valentin SR, Wieck AD, Ludwig A, Warburton RJ. Cavity-enhanced single-shot readout of a quantum dot spin within 3 nanoseconds. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3977. [PMID: 37407552 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid, high-fidelity single-shot readout of quantum states is a ubiquitous requirement in quantum information technologies. For emitters with a spin-preserving optical transition, spin readout can be achieved by driving the transition with a laser and detecting the emitted photons. The speed and fidelity of this approach is typically limited by low photon collection rates and measurement back-action. Here we use an open microcavity to enhance the optical readout signal from a semiconductor quantum dot spin state, largely overcoming these limitations. We achieve single-shot readout of an electron spin in only 3 nanoseconds with a fidelity of (95.2 ± 0.7)%, and observe quantum jumps using repeated single-shot measurements. Owing to the speed of our readout, errors resulting from measurement-induced back-action have minimal impact. Our work reduces the spin readout-time well below both the achievable spin relaxation and dephasing times in semiconductor quantum dots, opening up new possibilities for their use in quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia O Antoniadis
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark R Hogg
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Willy F Stehl
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alisa Javadi
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Oklahoma, 110 West Boyd Street, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Natasha Tomm
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rüdiger Schott
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sascha R Valentin
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas D Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Richard J Warburton
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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