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Wu X, Li Y, Shang Y, Wang W, Wu L, Han L, Wang Q, Wang Z, Xu H, Liu W. Application of two-dimensional polymerase chain reaction to detect four types of microorganisms in feces for assisted diagnosis of IBD. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 555:117802. [PMID: 38281660 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to increase annually, accounting for about 6.8 million cases in 2017 worldwide. However, there is currently no gold standard for the diagnosis of IBD. METHODS A method for the detection of four microorganisms in feces by two-dimensional polymerase chain reaction (2D-PCR) has been developed. Plasmids were used to validate the sensitivity and specificity of the method. Clinical samples were tested using a 2D-PCR method. Optimal diagnostic thresholds for IBD were determined based on ROC results. RESULTS Of the 112 samples, 78 were from IBD patients and 34 from patients with other gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Thomasclavelia ramosum and univ907-1062 positivity are necessary, and two or more positives of the three bacteria (Thomasclavelia spiroforme, Thomasclavelia saccharogumia or Clostridium cluster XVIII) are the optimal diagnostic thresholds for IBD. The area under the curve was 0.826 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.735-0.981 and a p-value of 0.000, corresponding to a sensitivity of 0.769 and a specificity of 0.853. CONCLUSIONS Based on the detection results of microorganisms, IBD and GI can be effectively distinguished. The detection of four microorganisms in feces can assist clinicians in the differential diagnosis of IBD. Our experiment aims to provide a better program for early clinical diagnosis and regular dynamic monitoring of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Central Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Yueying Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China; Central Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Yuanjiang Shang
- Central Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lixia Wu
- Central Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Lin Han
- Central Laboratory and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200070, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210022, China.
| | - Zhujian Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Hanchen Xu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Vebr M, Pomahačová R, Sýkora J, Schwarz J. A Narrative Review of Cytokine Networks: Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3229. [PMID: 38137450 PMCID: PMC10740682 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a lifelong inflammatory immune mediated disorder, encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC); however, the cause and specific pathogenesis of IBD is yet incompletely understood. Multiple cytokines produced by different immune cell types results in complex functional networks that constitute a highly regulated messaging network of signaling pathways. Applying biological mechanisms underlying IBD at the single omic level, technologies and genetic engineering enable the quantification of the pattern of released cytokines and new insights into the cytokine landscape of IBD. We focus on the existing literature dealing with the biology of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines and interactions that facilitate cell-based modulation of the immune system for IBD inflammation. We summarize the main roles of substantial cytokines in IBD related to homeostatic tissue functions and the remodeling of cytokine networks in IBD, which may be specifically valuable for successful cytokine-targeted therapies via marketed products. Cytokines and their receptors are validated targets for multiple therapeutic areas, we review the current strategies for therapeutic intervention and developing cytokine-targeted therapies. New biologics have shown efficacy in the last few decades for the management of IBD; unfortunately, many patients are nonresponsive or develop therapy resistance over time, creating a need for novel therapeutics. Thus, the treatment options for IBD beyond the immune-modifying anti-TNF agents or combination therapies are expanding rapidly. Further studies are needed to fully understand the immune response, networks of cytokines, and the direct pathogenetic relevance regarding individually tailored, safe and efficient targeted-biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Vebr
- Departments of Pediatrics, Faculty Hospital, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University of Prague, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (R.P.); (J.S.); (J.S.)
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Vuyyuru SK, Kedia S, Ahuja V. Considerations when starting patients on multiple biologics and small molecules. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2022; 38:562-569. [PMID: 36165042 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex disease that poses significant economic, and psychological burden on patients. Despite advent of newer biologics and small molecules targeting different aspects of immunopathogenesis, there appears to be a plateau in clinical outcomes. In this review we discuss the role of multiple biologics, existing evidence and various considerations when prescribing multiple biologics. RECENT FINDINGS Recent scientific advances helped to unravel the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and newer cytokines have been identified which can be potential targets in the management of IBD. Targeting more than one cytokine appears to be logical solution to break the therapeutic ceiling to improve clinical outcomes in IBD. The combination biologics appear safe and effective; however, the available evidence is limited. Refractory IBD, presence of other immune mediated inflammatory diseases and extra intestinal manifestations are currently the common considerations of combination biologics in IBD. SUMMARY Inflammatory bowel disease is a complex immune mediated disease with diverse clinical presentation and often has a complicated clinical course requiring multidisciplinary management. As the number of targeted therapies increases so does the concern on their safety and efficacy. Combination biologics though may appear to be safe, we need well designed prospective studies for firm conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer K Vuyyuru
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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