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Avagliano L, Castiglioni S, Lettieri A, Parodi C, Di Fede E, Taci E, Grazioli P, Colombo EA, Gervasini C, Massa V. Intrauterine growth in chromatinopathies: A long road for better understanding and for improving clinical management. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2383. [PMID: 38984779 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromatinopathies are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders caused by pathogenic variants in genes coding for chromatin state balance proteins. Remarkably, many of these syndromes present unbalanced postnatal growth, both under- and over-, although little has been described in the literature. Fetal growth measurements are common practice in pregnancy management and values within normal ranges indicate proper intrauterine growth progression; on the contrary, abnormalities in intrauterine fetal growth open the discussion of possible pathogenesis affecting growth even in the postnatal period. METHODS Among the numerous chromatinopathies, we have selected six of the most documented in the literature offering evidence about two fetal overgrowth (Sotos and Weaver syndrome) and four fetal undergrowth syndromes (Bohring Opitz, Cornelia de Lange, Floating-Harbor, and Meier Gorlin syndrome), describing their molecular characteristics, maternal biochemical results and early pregnancy findings, prenatal ultrasound findings, and postnatal characteristics. RESULTS/CONCLUSION To date, the scarce data in the literature on prenatal findings are few and inconclusive, even though these parameters may contribute to a more rapid and accurate diagnosis, calling for a better and more detailed description of pregnancy findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Castiglioni
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Lettieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Parodi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Fede
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Esi Taci
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Grazioli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Adele Colombo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Massa
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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2
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Liu H, Qi B, Liu G, Duan H, Li Z, Shi Z, Chen Y, Chu WK, Zhou Q, Zhang BN. RAD21 deficiency drives corneal to scleral differentiation fate switching via upregulating WNT9B. iScience 2024; 27:109875. [PMID: 38774716 PMCID: PMC11107359 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The cornea and sclera are distinct adjacent tissues, yet their stromal cells originate from common neural crest cells (NCCs). Sclerocornea is a disease characterized by an indistinguishable boundary between the cornea and sclera. Previously, we identified a RAD21 mutation in a sclerocornea pedigree. Here, we investigated the impacts of RAD21 on NCC activities during eye development. RAD21 deficiency caused upregulation of PCDHGC3. Both RAD21 knockdown and PCDHGC3 upregulation disrupted the migration of NCCs. Transcriptome analysis indicated that WNT9B had 190.9-fold higher expression in scleral stroma than in corneal stroma. WNT9B was also significantly upregulated by both RAD21 knockdown and PCDHGC3 overexpression, and knock down of WNT9B rescued the differentiation and migration of NCCs with RAD21 deficiency. Consistently, overexpressing wnt9b in Xenopus tropicalis led to ocular developmental abnormalities. In summary, WNT9B is a determinant factor during NCC differentiation into corneal keratocytes or scleral stromal cells and is affected by RAD21 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Liu
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Benxiang Qi
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haoyun Duan
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zongyi Li
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaoying Shi
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yonglong Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wai Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
| | - Bi Ning Zhang
- Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao, China
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3
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Di Nardo M, Musio A. Cohesin - bridging the gap among gene transcription, genome stability, and human diseases. FEBS Lett 2024. [PMID: 38852996 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The intricate landscape of cellular processes governing gene transcription, chromatin organization, and genome stability is a fascinating field of study. A key player in maintaining this delicate equilibrium is the cohesin complex, a molecular machine with multifaceted roles. This review presents an in-depth exploration of these intricate connections and their significant impact on various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Di Nardo
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Musio
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies (ITB), National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
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4
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Wong EWP, Sahin M, Yang R, Lee U, Zhan YA, Misra R, Tomas F, Alomran N, Polyzos A, Lee CJ, Trieu T, Fundichely AM, Wiesner T, Rosowicz A, Cheng S, Liu C, Lallo M, Merghoub T, Hamard PJ, Koche R, Khurana E, Apostolou E, Zheng D, Chen Y, Leslie CS, Chi P. TAD hierarchy restricts poised LTR activation and loss of TAD hierarchy promotes LTR co-option in cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.31.596845. [PMID: 38895201 PMCID: PMC11185511 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.31.596845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are abundant in the human genome, and they provide the sources for genetic and functional diversity. The regulation of TEs expression and their functional consequences in physiological conditions and cancer development remain to be fully elucidated. Previous studies suggested TEs are repressed by DNA methylation and chromatin modifications. The effect of 3D chromatin topology on TE regulation remains elusive. Here, by integrating transcriptome and 3D genome architecture studies, we showed that haploinsufficient loss of NIPBL selectively activates alternative promoters at the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of the TE subclasses. This activation occurs through the reorganization of topologically associating domain (TAD) hierarchical structures and recruitment of proximal enhancers. These observations indicate that TAD hierarchy restricts transcriptional activation of LTRs that already possess open chromatin features. In cancer, perturbation of the hierarchical chromatin topology can lead to co-option of LTRs as functional alternative promoters in a context-dependent manner and drive aberrant transcriptional activation of novel oncogenes and other divergent transcripts. These data uncovered a new layer of regulatory mechanism of TE expression beyond DNA and chromatin modification in human genome. They also posit the TAD hierarchy dysregulation as a novel mechanism for alternative promoter-mediated oncogene activation and transcriptional diversity in cancer, which may be exploited therapeutically.
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5
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Pezzani L, Pezzoli L, Rosina E, Scatigno A, Cereda A, Lucca C, Bellini M, Marchetti D, Maino M, Mangili G, Selicorni A, Iascone M. Double somatic mosaicism in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63512. [PMID: 38135466 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Post-zygotic mosaicism is a well-known biological phenomenon characterized by the presence of genetically distinct lineages of cells in the same individual due to post-zygotic de novo mutational events. It has been identified in about 13% of Cornelia de Lange (CdLS) syndrome patients with a molecular diagnosis, an unusual high frequency. Here, we report the case of a patient affected by classic CdLS harboring post-zygotic mosaicism for two different likely pathogenic variants at the same nucleotide position in NIPBL. Double somatic mosaicism has never been reported in CdLS and only rarely recognized in human diseases. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Pezzani
- Pediatria, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
- Genetica Clinica, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Pezzoli
- Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Erica Rosina
- Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Anna Cereda
- Pediatria, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Camilla Lucca
- Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Matteo Bellini
- Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Daniela Marchetti
- Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marzia Maino
- Patologia Neonatale, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Iascone
- Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
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6
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Chhajed M, Lallar M, Gunasekaran PK, Jain A, Saini L. A Classic Cornelia De Lange Syndrome Type 5 (CdLS5) With a De Novo Missense Variation of p.Gly210Arg in the HDAC8 Gene With a Novel Phenotype of Generalized Dystonia. Cureus 2024; 16:e60838. [PMID: 38910710 PMCID: PMC11191669 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by distinct dysmorphic facies, skeletal anomalies, and failure to thrive. CdLS type 5 (CdLS5) is caused by the HDAC8 gene mutations on chromosome Xq13.1 with X-linked dominant inheritance. We report our observation of an individual with CdLS5 with de novo missense mutation presenting with a novel phenotype of generalized dystonia. A four-month-old girl, second born to a non-consanguineous couple, presented with developmental delay, failure to thrive, and spastic quadriparesis. She had a history of intrauterine growth retardation in the third trimester of pregnancy. Facial gestalt was suggestive of CdLS. She had marked axial and appendicular dystonia. A skeletal survey and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) brain studies were normal. Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous missense variation c.628G>C in the HDAC8 gene. She was treated with trihexyphenidyl and clonazepam, followed by syndopa. On follow-up assessment at 22 months of age, the dystonia gradually improved but not entirely over time with medication. It is already known that single gene disorders, including SCN1A, SCN2A, KCNQ2, PRRT2, and pyridoxine deficiency, can result in isolated dystonia; we add CdLS5 (HDAC8 variation) to this expanding spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Chhajed
- Pediatric Neurology, Chaitanya Hospital, Chandigarh, IND
| | | | | | - Amit Jain
- Radiodiagnosis, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Ambala, IND
| | - Lokesh Saini
- Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, IND
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Ascaso Á, Arnedo M, Puisac B, Latorre-Pellicer A, Del Rincón J, Bueno-Lozano G, Pié J, Ramos FJ. Cornelia de Lange Spectrum. An Pediatr (Barc) 2024; 100:352-362. [PMID: 38735830 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare congenital developmental disorder with multisystemic involvement. The clinical presentation is highly variable, but the classic phenotype, characterized by distinctive craniofacial features, pre- and postnatal growth retardation, extremity reduction defects, hirsutism and intellectual disability can be distinguished from the nonclassic phenotype, which is generally milder and more difficult to diagnose. In addition, the clinical features overlap with those of other neurodevelopmental disorders, so the use of consensus clinical criteria and artificial intelligence tools may be helpful in confirming the diagnosis. Pathogenic variants in NIPBL, which encodes a protein related to the cohesin complex, have been identified in more than 60% of patients, and pathogenic variants in other genes related to this complex in another 15%: SMC1A, SMC3, RAD21, and HDAC8. Technical advances in large-scale sequencing have allowed the description of additional genes (BRD4, ANKRD11, MAU2), but the lack of molecular diagnosis in 15% of individuals and the substantial clinical heterogeneity of the syndrome suggest that other genes and mechanisms may be involved. Although there is no curative treatment, there are symptomatic/palliative treatments that paediatricians should be aware of. The main medical complication in classic SCdL is gastro-esophageal reflux (GER), which should be treated early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Ascaso
- Consulta de Pediatría, Centro de Salud Delicias Sur, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Arnedo
- Laboratorio de Genética Clínica y Genómica Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Beatriz Puisac
- Laboratorio de Genética Clínica y Genómica Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Latorre-Pellicer
- Laboratorio de Genética Clínica y Genómica Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julia Del Rincón
- Unidad de Genética Clínica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gloria Bueno-Lozano
- Unidad de Genética Clínica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Pié
- Laboratorio de Genética Clínica y Genómica Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Feliciano J Ramos
- Unidad de Genética Clínica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain.
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8
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Gruca-Stryjak K, Doda-Nowak E, Dzierla J, Wróbel K, Szymankiewicz-Bręborowicz M, Mazela J. Advancing the Clinical and Molecular Understanding of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome: A Multidisciplinary Pediatric Case Series and Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2423. [PMID: 38673696 PMCID: PMC11050916 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a complex genetic disorder with distinct facial features, growth limitations, and limb anomalies. Its broad clinical spectrum presents significant challenges in pediatric diagnosis and management. Due to cohesin complex mutations, the disorder's variable presentation requires extensive research to refine care and improve outcomes. This article provides a case series review of pediatric CdLS patients alongside a comprehensive literature review, exploring clinical variability and the relationship between genotypic changes and phenotypic outcomes. It also discusses the evolution of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, emphasizing innovations in genetic testing, including detecting mosaicism and novel genetic variations. The aim is to synthesize case studies with current research to advance our understanding of CdLS and the effectiveness of management strategies in pediatric healthcare. This work highlights the need for an integrated, evidence-based approach to diagnosis and treatment. It aims to fill existing research gaps and advocate for holistic care protocols and tailored treatment plans for CdLS patients, ultimately improving their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Gruca-Stryjak
- Department of Perinatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Centers for Medical Genetics Diagnostyka GENESIS, 60-406 Poznan, Poland
| | - Emilia Doda-Nowak
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (J.D.)
| | - Julia Dzierla
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland (J.D.)
| | - Karolina Wróbel
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Jan Mazela
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland
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Trujillano L, Ayerza-Casas A, Puisac B, Latorre-Pellicer A, Arnedo M, Lucia-Campos C, Gil-Salvador M, Parenti I, Kaiser FJ, Ramos FJ, Trujillano J, Pié J. Assessment of Quality of Life Using the Kidslife Scale in Individuals With Cornelia de Lange Syndrome. Cureus 2024; 16:e57378. [PMID: 38694681 PMCID: PMC11061870 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare polymalformative genetic disorder with multisystemic involvement. Despite numerous clinical and molecular studies, the specific evaluation of the quality of life (QoL) and its relationship with syndrome-specific risk factors has not been explored. METHODS The QoL of 33 individuals diagnosed with CdLS, aged between 4 and 21 years, was assessed using the Kidslife questionnaire. Specifically, the influence of 14 risk factors on overall QoL and 8 of its domains was analyzed. RESULTS The study revealed below-median QoL (45.3 percentile), with the most affected domains being physical well-being, personal development, and self-determination. When classifying patients based on their QoL and affected domains, variants in the NIPBL gene, clinical scores ≥11, and severe behavioral and communication issues were found to be the main risk factors. CONCLUSIONS We emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to CdLS that encompasses clinical, molecular, psychosocial, and emotional aspects. The "Kidslife questionnaire" proved to be a useful tool for evaluating QoL, risk factors, and the effectiveness of implemented strategies. In this study, we underscore the importance of implementing corrective measures to improve the clinical score. Furthermore, we highlight the necessity of applying specific therapies for behavioral problems after ruling out underlying causes such as pain or gastroesophageal reflux and implementing measures that facilitate communication and promote social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Trujillano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, ESP
- Medicine Genetics Group, Vall Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, ESP
| | - Ariadna Ayerza-Casas
- Unit of Paediatric Cardiology, Service of Paediatrics, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, ESP
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, ESP
| | - Beatriz Puisac
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, ESP
| | - Ana Latorre-Pellicer
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, ESP
| | - María Arnedo
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, ESP
| | - Cristina Lucia-Campos
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, ESP
| | - Marta Gil-Salvador
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, ESP
| | - Ilaria Parenti
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, DEU
| | - Frank J Kaiser
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, DEU
- Essen Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital Essen, Essen, DEU
| | - Feliciano J Ramos
- Unit of Clinical Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, Service of Paediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, ESP
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, ESP
| | - Javier Trujillano
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Lleida, Spain; Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, ESP
| | - Juan Pié
- Unit of Clinical Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and IIS-Aragon, Zaragoza, ESP
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10
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Wu D, Qiang J, Hong W, Du H, Yang H, Zhu H, Pan H, Shen Z, Chen S. Artificial intelligence facial recognition system for diagnosis of endocrine and metabolic syndromes based on a facial image database. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:103003. [PMID: 38615568 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.103003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM To build a facial image database and to explore the diagnostic efficacy and influencing factors of the artificial intelligence-based facial recognition (AI-FR) system for multiple endocrine and metabolic syndromes. METHODS Individuals with multiple endocrine and metabolic syndromes and healthy controls were included from public literature and databases. In this facial image database, facial images and clinical data were collected for each participant and dFRI (disease facial recognition intensity) was calculated to quantify facial complexity of each syndrome. AI-FR diagnosis models were trained for each disease using three algorithms: support vector machine (SVM), principal component analysis k-nearest neighbor (PCA-KNN), and adaptive boosting (AdaBoost). Diagnostic performance was evaluated. Optimal efficacy was achieved as the best index among the three models. Effect factors of AI-FR diagnosis were explored with regression analysis. RESULTS 462 cases of 10 endocrine and metabolic syndromes and 2310 controls were included into the facial image database. The AI-FR diagnostic models showed diagnostic accuracies of 0.827-0.920 with SVM, 0.766-0.890 with PCA-KNN, and 0.818-0.935 with AdaBoost. Higher dFRI was associated with higher optimal area under the curve (AUC) (P = 0.035). No significant correlation was observed between the sample size of the training set and diagnostic performance. CONCLUSIONS A multi-ethnic, multi-regional, and multi-disease facial database for 10 endocrine and metabolic syndromes was built. AI-FR models displayed ideal diagnostic performance. dFRI proved associated with the diagnostic performance, suggesting inherent facial features might contribute to the performance of AI-FR models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jiaqi Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Weixin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hanze Du
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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11
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Klein Haneveld MJ, Hieltjes IJ, Langendam MW, Cornel MC, Gaasterland CMW, van Eeghen AM. Improving care for rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review and critical appraisal of clinical practice guidelines using AGREE II. Genet Med 2024; 26:101071. [PMID: 38224026 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorders associated with intellectual disability require lifelong multidisciplinary care. Clinical practice guidelines may support healthcare professionals in their daily practice, but guideline development for rare conditions can be challenging. In this systematic review, the characteristics and methodological quality of internationally published recommendations for this population are described to provide an overview of current guidelines and inform future efforts of European Reference Network ITHACA (Intellectual disability, TeleHealth, Autism, and Congenital Anomalies). METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, and Orphanet were systematically searched to identify guidelines for conditions classified as "rare genetic intellectual disability" (ORPHA:183757). Methodological quality was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research, and Evaluation II tool. RESULTS Seventy internationally published guidelines, addressing the diagnosis and/or management of 28 conditions, were included. The methodological rigor of development was highly variable with limited reporting of literature searches and consensus methods. Stakeholder involvement and editorial independence varied as well. Implementation was rarely addressed. CONCLUSION Comprehensive, high-quality guidelines are lacking for many rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorders. Use and transparent reporting of sound development methodologies, active involvement of affected individuals and families, robust conflict of interest procedures, and attention to implementation are vital for enhancing the impact of clinical practice recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirthe J Klein Haneveld
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability ERN-ITHACA, Clinical Genetics Department, Robert Debré University Hospital, Paris, France; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iméze J Hieltjes
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Knowledge Institute of the Dutch Association of Medical Specialists, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda W Langendam
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martina C Cornel
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte M W Gaasterland
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability ERN-ITHACA, Clinical Genetics Department, Robert Debré University Hospital, Paris, France; Knowledge Institute of the Dutch Association of Medical Specialists, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Agnies M van Eeghen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability ERN-ITHACA, Clinical Genetics Department, Robert Debré University Hospital, Paris, France; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Advisium, 's Heeren Loo Zorggroep, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
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12
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Yamazaki Y, Isohata H, Goto H, Yoshimura Y, Hattori K, Shimaoka T, Sekiguchi K, Onishi Y, Ochiai D. Three-dimensional sonographic images of fetal hirsutism: prenatal characteristic features in cornelia de lange syndrome. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2024; 51:363-364. [PMID: 38416265 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-024-01410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yamazaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0329, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Isohata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0329, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Goto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0329, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoshimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0329, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hattori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0329, Japan
| | - Takao Shimaoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0329, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sekiguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0329, Japan
| | - Yoko Onishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0329, Japan
| | - Daigo Ochiai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0329, Japan.
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13
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Ng R, O'Connor J, Summa D, Kline AD. Neurobehavioral and developmental profiles: genotype-phenotype correlations in individuals with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:111. [PMID: 38462617 PMCID: PMC10926648 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cornelia de Lange (CdLS) is a rare genetic disorder that affects most body systems. Variants in multiple genes including NIPBL and SMC1A, can cause the syndrome. To date, literature on genotype-phenotype associations in individuals with CdLS is extremely limited, although studies suggest some differences in clinical phenotype severity across variants. This study aimed to examine and compare neurobehavioral differences and developmental variability across CdLS genes, specifically NIPBL and SMC1A, and identify genotype-phenotype correlations. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS This patient-reported outcomes study included accessing data from the Coordination of Rare Diseases registry at Sanford. Parents of a total of 26 children/adults with CdLS and a known variant in NIPBL (Mean age = 20.46 years, SD = 11.21) and 12 with a known variant in SMC1A (Mean age = 11.08 years, SD = 9.04) completed a series of questionnaires regarding their child's developmental history. This included attainment of common language and motor milestones, intervention history, and behavior functioning. Developmental history and reported behavior regulation difficulties were compared across variant groups. RESULTS Overall, individuals with a pathogenic variant in NIPBL or SMC1A were similarly delayed across motor and language milestones with about 70% not using phrase speech and 30-50% not walking by 5 years of age. However, those with NIPBL variants showed more severity in behavioral phenotype, namely with more repetitive behaviors, tantrums, and withdrawn behaviors. In addition, these individuals were more likely than those with SMC1A variants to demonstrate self-injurious behaviors, and anxiety. Both groups yielded a similar proportion of participants who participated in speech and occupational therapy, however those with SMC1A variants were more likely to engage in physical therapy. Both clinical groups report low rate of communicative or assistive device use despite a large proportion of participants never mastering single word or sentence use. CONCLUSIONS Study results are consistent with recent investigations highlighting more severe behavioral phenotype, particularly autistic features, anxiety, and behavior regulation challenges, among those with NIPBL variants albeit comparable developmental milestones. Both groups endorsed very elevated attention problems. Findings highlight importance of early interventions, including behavioral health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena Ng
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 1750 E. Fairmount Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Julia O'Connor
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 1750 E. Fairmount Ave, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deirdre Summa
- Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Foundation, Avon, CT, USA
| | - Antonie D Kline
- Harvey Institute for Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Kaur A, Chaudhry C, Kaur P, Daniel R, Srivastava P. Pattern Recognition of Common Multiple Congenital Malformation Syndromes with Underlying Chromatinopathy. J Pediatr Genet 2024; 13:6-14. [PMID: 38567171 PMCID: PMC10984715 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Chromatinopathy is an emerging category of multiple malformation syndromes caused by disruption in global transcriptional regulation with imbalances in the chromatin states (i.e., open or closed chromatin). These syndromes are caused by pathogenic variants in genes coding for the writers, erasers, readers, and remodelers of the epigenetic machinery. Majority of these disorders (93%) show neurological dysfunction in the form of intellectual disability. Other overlapping features are growth abnormalities, limb deformities, and immune dysfunction. In this study, we describe a series of children with six common chromatinopathy syndromes with an aim to develop pattern recognition of this emerging category of multiple malformation syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Kaur
- Department of Paediatrics, Genetic Metabolic Unit, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Chakshu Chaudhry
- Department of Paediatrics, Genetic Metabolic Unit, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Parminder Kaur
- Department of Paediatrics, Genetic Metabolic Unit, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Roshan Daniel
- Department of Paediatrics, Genetic Metabolic Unit, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Priyanka Srivastava
- Department of Paediatrics, Genetic Metabolic Unit, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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15
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Gibellato E, Cianci P, Mariani M, Parma B, Huisman S, Śmigiel R, Bisgaard AM, Massa V, Gervasini C, Moretti A, Cattoni A, Biondi A, Selicorni A. SMC1A epilepsy syndrome: clinical data from a large international cohort. Am J Med Genet A 2024:e63577. [PMID: 38421079 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
SMC1A epilepsy syndrome or developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-85 with or without midline brain defects (DEE85, OMIM #301044) is an X-linked neurologic disorder associated with mutations of the SMC1A gene, which is also responsible for about 5% of patients affected by Cornelia de Lange syndrome spectrum (CdLS). Only described in female patients, SMC1A epilepsy syndrome is characterized by the onset of severe refractory epileptic seizures in the first year of life, global developmental delay, a variable degree of intellectual disability, and dysmorphic facial features not typical of CdLS. This was a descriptive observational study for the largest international cohort with this specific disorder. The main goal of this study was to improve the knowledge of the natural history of this phenotype with particular attention to the psychomotor development and the epilepsy data. The analyzed cohort shows normal prenatal growth with the subsequent development of postnatal microcephaly. The incidence of neonatal problems (seizures and respiratory compromise) is considerable (51.4%). There is a significant prevalence of central nervous system (20%) and cardiovascular malformations (20%). Motor skills are generally delayed. The presence of drug-resistant epilepsy is confirmed; the therapeutic role of a ketogenic diet is still uncertain. The significant regression of previously acquired skills following the onset of seizures has been observed. Facial dysmorphisms are variable and no patient shows a classic CdLS phenotype. To sum up, SMC1A variants caused drug-resistant epilepsy in these patients, more than two-thirds of whom were shown to progress to developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. The SMC1A gene variants are all different from each other (apart from a couple of monozygotic twins), demonstrating the absence of a mutational hotspot in the SMC1A gene. Owing to the absence of phenotypic specificity, whole-exome sequencing is currently the diagnostic gold standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gibellato
- Pediatric Department, "Mariani" Center for Fragile Child, ASST Lariana, Sant'Anna Hospital, Como, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Paola Cianci
- Pediatric Department, "Mariani" Center for Fragile Child, ASST Lariana, Sant'Anna Hospital, Como, Italy
| | - Milena Mariani
- Pediatric Department, "Mariani" Center for Fragile Child, ASST Lariana, Sant'Anna Hospital, Como, Italy
| | - Barbara Parma
- Pediatric Department, "Mariani" Center for Fragile Child, ASST Lariana, Sant'Anna Hospital, Como, Italy
| | - Sylvia Huisman
- Pediatric Department, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert Śmigiel
- Pediatric Department, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anne-Marie Bisgaard
- Pediatric Department and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Valentina Massa
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alex Moretti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cattoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Angelo Selicorni
- Pediatric Department, "Mariani" Center for Fragile Child, ASST Lariana, Sant'Anna Hospital, Como, Italy
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16
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Fukuda M, Fujita Y, Hino Y, Nakao M, Shirahige K, Yamashita T. Inhibition of HDAC8 Reduces the Proliferation of Adult Neural Stem Cells in the Subventricular Zone. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2540. [PMID: 38473789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In the adult mammalian brain, neurons are produced from neural stem cells (NSCs) residing in two niches-the subventricular zone (SVZ), which forms the lining of the lateral ventricles, and the subgranular zone in the hippocampus. Epigenetic mechanisms contribute to maintaining distinct cell fates by suppressing gene expression that is required for deciding alternate cell fates. Several histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors can affect adult neurogenesis in vivo. However, data regarding the role of specific HDACs in cell fate decisions remain limited. Herein, we demonstrate that HDAC8 participates in the regulation of the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs/neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the adult mouse SVZ. Specific knockout of Hdac8 in NSCs/NPCs inhibited proliferation and neural differentiation. Treatment with the selective HDAC8 inhibitor PCI-34051 reduced the neurosphere size in cultures from the SVZ of adult mice. Further transcriptional datasets revealed that HDAC8 inhibition in adult SVZ cells disturbs biological processes, transcription factor networks, and key regulatory pathways. HDAC8 inhibition in adult SVZ neurospheres upregulated the cytokine-mediated signaling and downregulated the cell cycle pathway. In conclusion, HDAC8 participates in the regulation of in vivo proliferation and differentiation of NSCs/NPCs in the adult SVZ, which provides insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Fukuda
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo-shi 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujita
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo-shi 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yuko Hino
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Quarter A6, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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17
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Chea S, Kreger J, Lopez-Burks ME, MacLean AL, Lander AD, Calof AL. Gastrulation-stage gene expression in Nipbl +/- mouse embryos foreshadows the development of syndromic birth defects. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.16.558465. [PMID: 37905011 PMCID: PMC10614802 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.558465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
In animal models, Nipbl-deficiency phenocopies gene expression changes and birth defects seen in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS), the most common cause of which is Nipbl-haploinsufficiency. Previous studies in Nipbl+/- mice suggested that heart development is abnormal as soon as cardiogenic tissue is formed. To investigate this, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing on wildtype (WT) and Nipbl+/- mouse embryos at gastrulation and early cardiac crescent stages. Nipbl+/- embryos had fewer mesoderm cells than WT and altered proportions of mesodermal cell subpopulations. These findings were associated with underexpression of genes implicated in driving specific mesodermal lineages. In addition, Nanog was found to be overexpressed in all germ layers, and many gene expression changes observed in Nipbl+/- embryos could be attributed to Nanog overexpression. These findings establish a link between Nipbl-deficiency, Nanog overexpression, and gene expression dysregulation/lineage misallocation, which ultimately manifest as birth defects in Nipbl+/- animals and CdLS. Teaser Gene expression changes during gastrulation of Nipbl-deficient mice shed light on early origins of structural birth defects.
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18
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Musa RE, Lester KL, Quickstad G, Vardabasso S, Shumate TV, Salcido RT, Ge K, Shpargel KB. BRD4 binds to active cranial neural crest enhancers to regulate RUNX2 activity during osteoblast differentiation. Development 2024; 151:dev202110. [PMID: 38063851 PMCID: PMC10905746 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a congenital disorder featuring facial dysmorphism, postnatal growth deficits, cognitive disability and upper limb abnormalities. CdLS is genetically heterogeneous, with cases arising from mutation of BRD4, a bromodomain protein that binds and reads acetylated histones. In this study, we have modeled CdLS facial pathology through mouse neural crest cell (NCC)-specific mutation of BRD4 to characterize cellular and molecular function in craniofacial development. Mice with BRD4 NCC loss of function died at birth with severe facial hypoplasia, cleft palate, mid-facial clefting and exencephaly. Following migration, BRD4 mutant NCCs initiated RUNX2 expression for differentiation to osteoblast lineages but failed to induce downstream RUNX2 targets required for lineage commitment. BRD4 bound to active enhancers to regulate expression of osteogenic transcription factors and extracellular matrix components integral for bone formation. RUNX2 physically interacts with a C-terminal domain in the long isoform of BRD4 and can co-occupy osteogenic enhancers. This BRD4 association is required for RUNX2 recruitment and appropriate osteoblast differentiation. We conclude that BRD4 controls facial bone development through osteoblast enhancer regulation of the RUNX2 transcriptional program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Musa
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA
| | - Kaitlyn L. Lester
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA
| | - Gabrielle Quickstad
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA
| | - Sara Vardabasso
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA
| | - Trevor V. Shumate
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA
| | - Ryan T. Salcido
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA
| | - Kai Ge
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karl B. Shpargel
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7264, USA
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19
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Tehrani Fateh S, Mohammad Zadeh N, Salehpour S, Hashemi-Gorji F, Omidi A, Sadeghi H, Mirfakhraie R, Moghimi P, Keyvanfar S, Mohammadi Sarvaleh S, Miryounesi M, Ghasemi MR. Comprehensive review and expanding the genetic landscape of Cornelia-de-Lange spectrum: insights from novel mutations and skin biopsy in exome-negative cases. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:20. [PMID: 38216990 PMCID: PMC10787426 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01798-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a range of physical, cognitive, and behavioral abnormalities. This study aimed to perform a comprehensive review of the literature on CdLS and investigate two cases of CdLS with distinct phenotypes that underwent WES to aid in their diagnosis. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature on CdLS along with performing whole-exome sequencing on two CdLS patients with distinct phenotypes, followed by Sanger sequencing validation and in-silico analysis. RESULTS The first case exhibited a classic CdLS phenotype, but the initial WES analysis of blood-derived DNA failed to identify any mutations in CdLS-related genes. However, a subsequent WES analysis of skin-derived DNA revealed a novel heterozygous mutation in the NIPBL gene (NM_133433.4:c.6534_6535del, p.Met2178Ilefs*8). The second case was presented with a non-classic CdLS phenotype, and WES analysis of blood-derived DNA identified a heterozygous missense variant in the SMC1A gene (NM_006306.4:c.2320G>A, p.Asp774Asn). CONCLUSIONS The study shows the importance of considering mosaicism in classic CdLS cases and the value of WES for identifying genetic defects. These findings contribute to our understanding of CdLS genetics and underscore the need for comprehensive genetic testing to enhance the diagnosis and management of CdLS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahand Tehrani Fateh
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nadia Mohammad Zadeh
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadab Salehpour
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Research Development Unit, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Hashemi-Gorji
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Omidi
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mirfakhraie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parinaz Moghimi
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Keyvanfar
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Miryounesi
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Ghasemi
- Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Aponte JD, Bannister JJ, Hoskens H, Matthews H, Katsura K, Da Silva C, Cruz T, Pilz JHM, Spritz RA, Forkert ND, Claes P, Bernier FP, Klein OD, Katz DC, Hallgrímsson B. An interactive atlas of three-dimensional syndromic facial morphology. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:39-47. [PMID: 38181734 PMCID: PMC10806736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial phenotyping is critical for both syndrome delineation and diagnosis because craniofacial abnormalities occur in 30% of characterized genetic syndromes. Clinical reports, textbooks, and available software tools typically provide two-dimensional, static images and illustrations of the characteristic phenotypes of genetic syndromes. In this work, we provide an interactive web application that provides three-dimensional, dynamic visualizations for the characteristic craniofacial effects of 95 syndromes. Users can visualize syndrome facial appearance estimates quantified from data and easily compare craniofacial phenotypes of different syndromes. Our application also provides a map of morphological similarity between a target syndrome and other syndromes. Finally, users can upload 3D facial scans of individuals and compare them to our syndrome atlas estimates. In summary, we provide an interactive reference for the craniofacial phenotypes of syndromes that allows for precise, individual-specific comparisons of dysmorphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J David Aponte
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; DeepSurface AI Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Hanne Hoskens
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Kaitlin Katsura
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cassidy Da Silva
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tim Cruz
- DeepSurface AI Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Richard A Spritz
- Department of Pediatrics and the Human Medical Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nils D Forkert
- Department of Radiology and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Peter Claes
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francois P Bernier
- Department of Medical Genetics and the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children's, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David C Katz
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; DeepSurface AI Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Benedikt Hallgrímsson
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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21
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Iftikhar A, Barnes K, Figueroa M, Francis AP. Early Prenatal Diagnosis of Cornelia de Lange's Syndrome with Whole-Exome Sequencing: A Case Report. AJP Rep 2024; 14:e31-e33. [PMID: 38269131 PMCID: PMC10805567 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange's syndrome (CDLS) is a multisystem genetic syndrome characterized by well-defined physical, intellectual, and behavioral characteristics. The diagnosis of CDLS is typically done clinically after birth; however, recent studies have demonstrated the ability to use prenatal ultrasound and whole-exome sequencing to diagnose CDLS prenatally. Here we present a prenatal case in which multiple fetal anomalies were identified on ultrasound at 20 weeks of gestation. Use of whole-exome sequencing allowed for successful diagnosis of CDLS in this fetus prenatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Iftikhar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Kathleen Barnes
- Center for Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Melissa Figueroa
- Division of Family Planning, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Antonia P. Francis
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey
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22
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Jain R, Epstein JA. Epigenetics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:341-364. [PMID: 38884720 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes to the genome and gene expression patterns that are not caused by direct changes to the DNA sequence. Examples of these changes include posttranslational modifications to DNA-bound histone proteins, DNA methylation, and remodeling of nuclear architecture. Collectively, epigenetic changes provide a layer of regulation that affects transcriptional activity of genes while leaving DNA sequences unaltered. Sequence variants or mutations affecting enzymes responsible for modifying or sensing epigenetic marks have been identified in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), and small-molecule inhibitors of epigenetic complexes have shown promise as therapies for adult heart diseases. Additionally, transgenic mice harboring mutations or deletions of genes encoding epigenetic enzymes recapitulate aspects of human cardiac disease. Taken together, these findings suggest that the evolving field of epigenetics will inform our understanding of congenital and adult cardiac disease and offer new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Jain
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Epigenetics Institute and the Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jonathan A Epstein
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Epigenetics Institute and the Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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23
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Abarca-Barriga HH, Punil Luciano R, Vásquez Sotomayor F. Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Caused by an Intragenic Heterozygous Deletion in RAD21 Detected through Very-High-Resolution Chromosomal Microarray Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2212. [PMID: 38137034 PMCID: PMC10742884 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a genetic and clinically heterogeneous entity, caused by at least five genes. It is characterized by short stature, gestalt facies, microcephaly, neurodevelopmental disorders, and other anomalies. In this report, we present a 13-year-old female patient with microcephaly, cleft palate, polydactyly, short stature, triangular facies, frontal bossing, a bulbous nose, an overfolded helix, limited pronosupination, and an anomalous uterus. No neurodevelopmental disorders were reported. A chromosomal microarray analysis of 6.5 million markers was performed in the proband and her parents. The results showed a de novo heterozygous microdeletion of exons 9-14 within RAD21, which confirmed the diagnosis of Cornelia de Lange syndrome type 4. Our patient did not show any neurologic phenotype (until the time of diagnosis), although neurodevelopmental disorders are frequently present in patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome type 4, and despite carrying a deletion that was larger than previously reported. Therefore, unknown genetic modifiers or intrinsic mechanisms of RAD21 variants may exist and should be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo H. Abarca-Barriga
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima 15039, Peru;
- Servicio de Genética & Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño Breña, Lima 15083, Peru;
| | - Renzo Punil Luciano
- Servicio de Genética & Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño Breña, Lima 15083, Peru;
| | - Flor Vásquez Sotomayor
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima 15039, Peru;
- Servicio de Genética & Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño Breña, Lima 15083, Peru;
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24
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Pezic D, Weeks S, Varsally W, Dewari PS, Pollard S, Branco MR, Hadjur S. The N-terminus of Stag1 is required to repress the 2C program by maintaining rRNA expression and nucleolar integrity. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:2154-2173. [PMID: 37802073 PMCID: PMC10679541 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of how STAG proteins contribute to cell identity and disease have largely been studied from the perspective of chromosome topology and protein-coding gene expression. Here, we show that STAG1 is the dominant paralog in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and is required for pluripotency. mESCs express a wide diversity of naturally occurring Stag1 isoforms, resulting in complex regulation of both the levels of STAG paralogs and the proportion of their unique terminal ends. Skewing the balance of these isoforms impacts cell identity. We define a novel role for STAG1, in particular its N-terminus, in regulating repeat expression, nucleolar integrity, and repression of the two-cell (2C) state to maintain mESC identity. Our results move beyond protein-coding gene regulation via chromatin loops to new roles for STAG1 in nucleolar structure and function, and offer fresh perspectives on how STAG proteins, known to be cancer targets, contribute to cell identity and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka Pezic
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, UK
| | - Samuel Weeks
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, UK
| | - Wazeer Varsally
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, UK
| | - Pooran S Dewari
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Steven Pollard
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Miguel R Branco
- Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK
| | - Suzana Hadjur
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, UK.
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25
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Tüysüz B, Kasap B, Uludağ Alkaya D, Alp Ünkar Z, Köseoğlu P, Geyik F, Özer E, Önal H, Gezdirici A, Ercan O. Investigation of (Epi)genetic causes in syndromic short children born small for gestational age. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104854. [PMID: 37758162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine onset syndromic short stature constitutes a group of diseases that pose challenges in differential diagnosis due to their rarity and clinical as well as molecular heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of (epi)genetic causes in children born small for gestational age (SGA) and manifesting clinically undiagnosed syndromic short stature. The study group comprised twenty-nine cases selected from the syndromic SGA cohort. Various analyses were performed, including chromosomal microarray (CMA), methylation-specific-multiple ligation probe amplification for chromosomes 6,14 and 20, and whole exome sequencing (WES). Pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs) on chromosomes 2q13, 22q11.3, Xp22.33, 17q21.31, 19p13.13 and 4p16.31 causing syndromic growth disturbance were detected in six patients. Maternal uniparental disomy 14 was identified in a patient. WES was performed in the remaining 22 patients, revealing pathogenic variants in nine cases; six were monoallelic (ACAN, ARID2, NIPBL, PIK3R1, SMAD4, BRIP1), two were biallelic (BRCA2, RFWD3) and one was hemizygous (HUWE1). Seven of these were novel. Craniofacial dysmorphism, which is an important clue for the diagnosis of syndromes, was very mild in all patients. This study unveiled, for the first time, that ARID2 mutatios can cause syndromic SGA. In conclusion, a high (55.2%) diagnosis rate was achieved through the utilization of CMA, epigenetic and WES analyzes; 15 rare syndromes were defined, who were born with SGA and had atypical and/or mild dysmorphic findings. This study not only drew attention to the association of some rare syndromes with SGA, but also introduced novel genes and CNVs as potential contributors to syndromic SGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyhan Tüysüz
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Büşra Kasap
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Uludağ Alkaya
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Alp Ünkar
- Department of Neonatology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Köseoğlu
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Filiz Geyik
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Özer
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Önal
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Başakşehir Çam ve Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Gezdirici
- Department of Medical Genetic, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Başakşehir Çam ve Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oya Ercan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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26
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Boulet F, Odelin G, Harrington A, Moore-Morris T. Nipbl Haploinsufficiency Leads to Delayed Outflow Tract Septation and Aortic Valve Thickening. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15564. [PMID: 37958548 PMCID: PMC10648932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) patients, who frequently carry a mutation in NIPBL, present an increased incidence of outflow tract (OFT)-related congenital heart defects (CHDs). Nipbl+/- mice recapitulate a number of phenotypic traits of CdLS patients, including a small body size and cardiac defects, but no study has specifically focused on the valves. Here, we show that adult Nipbl+/- mice present aortic valve thickening, a condition that has been associated with stenosis. During development, we observed that OFT septation and neural crest cell condensation was delayed in Nipbl+/- embryos. However, we did not observe defects in the deployment of the main lineages contributing to the semilunar valves. Indeed, endocardial endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), analysed via outflow tract explants, and neural crest migration, analysed via genetic lineage tracing, did not significantly differ in Nipbl+/- mice and their wild-type littermates. Our study provides the first direct evidence for valve formation defects in Nipbl+/- mice and points to specific developmental defects as an origin for valve disease in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Boulet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 34094 Montpellier, France
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Gaelle Odelin
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, MMG, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Alenca Harrington
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Moore-Morris
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 34094 Montpellier, France
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27
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Yu R, Roseman S, Siegenfeld AP, Nguyen SC, Joyce EF, Liau BB, Krantz ID, Alexander KA, Berger SL. CTCF/cohesin organize the ground state of chromatin-nuclear speckle association. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.22.550178. [PMID: 37961560 PMCID: PMC10634669 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.22.550178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The interchromatin space in the cell nucleus contains various membrane-less nuclear bodies. Recent findings indicate that nuclear speckles, comprising a distinct nuclear body, exhibit interactions with certain chromatin regions in a ground state. Key questions are how this ground state of chromatin-nuclear speckle association is established and what are the gene regulatory roles of this layer of nuclear organization. We report here that chromatin structural factors CTCF and cohesin are required for full ground state association between DNA and nuclear speckles. Disruption of ground state DNA-speckle contacts via either CTCF depletion or cohesin depletion had minor effects on basal level expression of speckle-associated genes, however we show strong negative effects on stimulus-dependent induction of speckle-associated genes. We identified a putative speckle targeting motif (STM) within cohesin subunit RAD21 and demonstrated that the STM is required for chromatin-nuclear speckle association. In contrast to reduction of CTCF or RAD21, depletion of the cohesin releasing factor WAPL stabilized cohesin on chromatin and DNA-speckle contacts, resulting in enhanced inducibility of speckle-associated genes. In addition, we observed disruption of chromatin-nuclear speckle association in patient derived cells with Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS), a congenital neurodevelopmental diagnosis involving defective cohesin pathways, thus revealing nuclear speckles as an avenue for therapeutic inquiry. In summary, our findings reveal a mechanism to establish the ground organizational state of chromatin-speckle association, to promote gene inducibility, and with relevance to human disease.
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28
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Alonso-Gil D, Losada A. NIPBL and cohesin: new take on a classic tale. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:860-871. [PMID: 37062615 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Cohesin folds the genome in dynamic chromatin loops and holds the sister chromatids together. NIPBLScc2 is currently considered the cohesin loader, a role that may need reevaluation. NIPBL activates the cohesin ATPase, which is required for topological entrapment of sister DNAs and to fuel DNA loop extrusion, but is not required for chromatin association. Mechanistic dissection of these processes suggests that both NIPBL and the cohesin STAG subunit bind DNA. NIPBL also regulates conformational switches of the complex. Interactions of NIPBL with chromatin factors, including remodelers, replication proteins, and the transcriptional machinery, affect cohesin loading and distribution. Here, we discuss recent research addressing how NIPBL modulates cohesin activities and how its mutation causes a developmental disorder, Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dácil Alonso-Gil
- Chromosome Dynamics Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Losada
- Chromosome Dynamics Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Nakato R, Sakata T, Wang J, Nagai LAE, Nagaoka Y, Oba GM, Bando M, Shirahige K. Context-dependent perturbations in chromatin folding and the transcriptome by cohesin and related factors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5647. [PMID: 37726281 PMCID: PMC10509244 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cohesin regulates gene expression through context-specific chromatin folding mechanisms such as enhancer-promoter looping and topologically associating domain (TAD) formation by cooperating with factors such as cohesin loaders and the insulation factor CTCF. We developed a computational workflow to explore how three-dimensional (3D) structure and gene expression are regulated collectively or individually by cohesin and related factors. The main component is CustardPy, by which multi-omics datasets are compared systematically. To validate our methodology, we generated 3D genome, transcriptome, and epigenome data before and after depletion of cohesin and related factors and compared the effects of depletion. We observed diverse effects on the 3D genome and transcriptome, and gene expression changes were correlated with the splitting of TADs caused by cohesin loss. We also observed variations in long-range interactions across TADs, which correlated with their epigenomic states. These computational tools and datasets will be valuable for 3D genome and epigenome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichiro Nakato
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
| | - Toyonori Sakata
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Biomedicum, Quarter A6, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedicum, Quarter A6, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiankang Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Luis Augusto Eijy Nagai
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yuya Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Gina Miku Oba
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Masashige Bando
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Biomedicum, Quarter A6, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedicum, Quarter A6, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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30
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MacPherson RA, Shankar V, Anholt RRH, Mackay TFC. Genetic and genomic analyses of Drosophila melanogaster models of chromatin modification disorders. Genetics 2023; 224:iyad061. [PMID: 37036413 PMCID: PMC10411607 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF)-related intellectual disability disorders (SSRIDDs) and Cornelia de Lange syndrome are rare syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders with overlapping clinical phenotypes. SSRIDDs are associated with the BAF (Brahma-Related Gene-1 associated factor) complex, whereas CdLS is a disorder of chromatin modification associated with the cohesin complex. Here, we used RNA interference in Drosophila melanogaster to reduce the expression of six genes (brm, osa, Snr1, SMC1, SMC3, vtd) orthologous to human genes associated with SSRIDDs and CdLS. These fly models exhibit changes in sleep, activity, startle behavior (a proxy for sensorimotor integration), and brain morphology. Whole genome RNA sequencing identified 9,657 differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.05), 156 of which are differentially expressed in both sexes in SSRIDD- and CdLS-specific analyses, including Bap60, which is orthologous to SMARCD1, an SSRIDD-associated BAF component. k-means clustering reveals genes co-regulated within and across SSRIDD and CdLS fly models. RNAi-mediated reduction of expression of six genes co-regulated with focal genes brm, osa, and/or Snr1 recapitulated changes in the behavior of the focal genes. Based on the assumption that fundamental biological processes are evolutionarily conserved, Drosophila models can be used to understand underlying molecular effects of variants in chromatin-modification pathways and may aid in the discovery of drugs that ameliorate deleterious phenotypic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A MacPherson
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Vijay Shankar
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Robert R H Anholt
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Trudy F C Mackay
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
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31
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Crawford H, Oliver C, Groves L, Bradley L, Smith K, Hogan A, Renshaw D, Waite J, Roberts J. Behavioural and physiological indicators of anxiety reflect shared and distinct profiles across individuals with neurogenetic syndromes. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115278. [PMID: 37285621 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is heightened in individuals with intellectual disability, particularly in those with specific neurogenetic syndromes. Assessment of anxiety for these individuals is hampered by a lack of appropriate measures that cater for communication impairment, differences in presentation, and overlapping features with co-occurring conditions. Here, we adopt a multi-method approach to identify fine-grained behavioural and physiological (via salivary cortisol) responses to anxiety presses in people with fragile X (FXS; n = 27; Mage = 20.11 years; range 6.32 - 47.04 years) and Cornelia de Lange syndromes (CdLS; n = 27; Mage = 18.42 years; range 4.28 - 41.08 years), two neurogenetic groups at high risk for anxiety, compared to neurotypical children (NT; n = 21; Mage = 5.97 years; range 4.34 - 7.30 years). Results indicate that physical avoidance of feared stimuli and proximity seeking to a familiar adult are prominent behavioural indicators of anxiety/stress in FXS and CdLS. Heightened pervasive physiological arousal was identified in these groups via salivary cortisol. An association between autistic characteristics and anxiety was evident in the FXS group but not in the CdLS group pointing to syndrome-specific nuances in the association between anxiety and autism. This study furthers understanding of the behavioural and physiological presentation of anxiety in individuals with intellectual disability and progresses theoretical developments regarding the development and maintenance of anxiety at the intersection of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Crawford
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, United Kingdom.
| | - Chris Oliver
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Groves
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Bradley
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Kayla Smith
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail Hogan
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, United States
| | - Derek Renshaw
- Research Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Waite
- School of Psychology, Aston University, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, United States
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32
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Kaur M, Blair J, Devkota B, Fortunato S, Clark D, Lawrence A, Kim J, Do W, Semeo B, Katz O, Mehta D, Yamamoto N, Schindler E, Al Rawi Z, Wallace N, Wilde JJ, McCallum J, Liu J, Xu D, Jackson M, Rentas S, Tayoun AA, Zhe Z, Abdul-Rahman O, Allen B, Angula MA, Anyane-Yeboa K, Argente J, Arn PH, Armstrong L, Basel-Salmon L, Baynam G, Bird LM, Bruegger D, Ch'ng GS, Chitayat D, Clark R, Cox GF, Dave U, DeBaere E, Field M, Graham JM, Gripp KW, Greenstein R, Gupta N, Heidenreich R, Hoffman J, Hopkin RJ, Jones KL, Jones MC, Kariminejad A, Kogan J, Lace B, Leroy J, Lynch SA, McDonald M, Meagher K, Mendelsohn N, Micule I, Moeschler J, Nampoothiri S, Ohashi K, Powell CM, Ramanathan S, Raskin S, Roeder E, Rio M, Rope AF, Sangha K, Scheuerle AE, Schneider A, Shalev S, Siu V, Smith R, Stevens C, Tkemaladze T, Toimie J, Toriello H, Turner A, Wheeler PG, White SM, Young T, Loomes KM, Pipan M, Harrington AT, Zackai E, Rajagopalan R, Conlin L, Deardorff MA, McEldrew D, Pie J, Ramos F, Musio A, Kline AD, Izumi K, Raible SE, Krantz ID. Genomic analyses in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome and related diagnoses: Novel candidate genes, genotype-phenotype correlations and common mechanisms. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:2113-2131. [PMID: 37377026 PMCID: PMC10524367 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a rare, dominantly inherited multisystem developmental disorder characterized by highly variable manifestations of growth and developmental delays, upper limb involvement, hypertrichosis, cardiac, gastrointestinal, craniofacial, and other systemic features. Pathogenic variants in genes encoding cohesin complex structural subunits and regulatory proteins (NIPBL, SMC1A, SMC3, HDAC8, and RAD21) are the major pathogenic contributors to CdLS. Heterozygous or hemizygous variants in the genes encoding these five proteins have been found to be contributory to CdLS, with variants in NIPBL accounting for the majority (>60%) of cases, and the only gene identified to date that results in the severe or classic form of CdLS when mutated. Pathogenic variants in cohesin genes other than NIPBL tend to result in a less severe phenotype. Causative variants in additional genes, such as ANKRD11, EP300, AFF4, TAF1, and BRD4, can cause a CdLS-like phenotype. The common role that these genes, and others, play as critical regulators of developmental transcriptional control has led to the conditions they cause being referred to as disorders of transcriptional regulation (or "DTRs"). Here, we report the results of a comprehensive molecular analysis in a cohort of 716 probands with typical and atypical CdLS in order to delineate the genetic contribution of causative variants in cohesin complex genes as well as novel candidate genes, genotype-phenotype correlations, and the utility of genome sequencing in understanding the mutational landscape in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maninder Kaur
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Justin Blair
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sierra Fortunato
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Audrey Lawrence
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jiwoo Kim
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wonwook Do
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin Semeo
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Olivia Katz
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Devanshi Mehta
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nobuko Yamamoto
- Division of Otolaryngology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emma Schindler
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zayd Al Rawi
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nina Wallace
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jennifer McCallum
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jinglan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dongbin Xu
- Hematologics Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marie Jackson
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stefan Rentas
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ahmad Abou Tayoun
- Al Jalila Genomics Center, Al Jalila Children's Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Genomic Discovery, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zhang Zhe
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Omar Abdul-Rahman
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Bill Allen
- Fullerton Genetics Center, Mission Health, Asheville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Moris A Angula
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Hospital-Long Island, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Kwame Anyane-Yeboa
- Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jesús Argente
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús & Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la obesidad y nutrición (CIBEROBN) and IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pamela H Arn
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Linlea Armstrong
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lina Basel-Salmon
- Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Raphael Recanati Genetics Institute, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Gareth Baynam
- Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies and Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Division of Pediatrics and Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Rare Care Centre, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lynne M Bird
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Division of Genetics & Dysmophology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Daniel Bruegger
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Gaik-Siew Ch'ng
- Department of Genetics, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - David Chitayat
- The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for SickKids, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin Clark
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Gerald F Cox
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Usha Dave
- R & D MILS International India, Mumbai, India
| | - Elfrede DeBaere
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael Field
- Genetics of Learning Disability Service, Hunter Genetics, Waratah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John M Graham
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Karen W Gripp
- Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Robert Greenstein
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Neerja Gupta
- Division of Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Randy Heidenreich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jodi Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert J Hopkin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Division of Dysmorphology & Teratology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Marilyn C Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Division of Genetics & Dysmophology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Jillene Kogan
- Division of Genetics, Advocate Children's Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois, USA
| | - Baiba Lace
- Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Julian Leroy
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sally Ann Lynch
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Health Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marie McDonald
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kirsten Meagher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nancy Mendelsohn
- Complex Health Solutions, United Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ieva Micule
- Children's Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - John Moeschler
- Department of Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Sheela Nampoothiri
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Cochin, India
| | - Kaoru Ohashi
- Department of Medical Genetics, BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cynthia M Powell
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Subhadra Ramanathan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Salmo Raskin
- Genetika-Centro de aconselhamento e laboratório de genética, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Roeder
- Department of Pediatrics and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Marlene Rio
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Alan F Rope
- Genome Medical, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Karan Sangha
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angela E Scheuerle
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Adele Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics and Oculogenetics, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stavit Shalev
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, The Genetics Institute, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Haifa, Israel
| | - Victoria Siu
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosemarie Smith
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Cathy Stevens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, T.C. Thompson Children's Hospital, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tinatin Tkemaladze
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - John Toimie
- Clinical Genetics Service, Laboratory Medicine Building, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Helga Toriello
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Anne Turner
- Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Division of Genetics, Arnold Palmer Hospital, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | | | - Susan M White
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Terri Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Research to Prevent Blindness Inc, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kathleen M Loomes
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary Pipan
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Behavioral Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ann Tokay Harrington
- Center for Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elaine Zackai
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ramakrishnan Rajagopalan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laura Conlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew A Deardorff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Deborah McEldrew
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Juan Pie
- Laboratorio de Genética Clínica y Genómica Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Feliciano Ramos
- Unidad de Genética Clínica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Musio
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa
| | - Antonie D Kline
- Greater Baltimore Medical Centre, Harvey Institute of Human Genetics, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kosuke Izumi
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah E Raible
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ian D Krantz
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Onesimo R, Santis RD, Leoni C, Rigante M, Piastra M, Sforza E, Selicorni A, Zampino G. Nasal polyposis in pediatric patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome: endoscopic diagnosis, treatment and follow up in two case reports. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:85. [PMID: 37455311 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a rare genetic disease with otolaryngological involvement. The classic phenotype is characterized by distinctive facial features, intellectual disability, growth delay, hirsutism, and upper-limb reduction. Nasal polyposis was previously reported in association with chronic rhinosinusitis, however data about prevalence, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis are lacking for this cohort of patients, affected by rare disease. CASE PRESENTATION We describe the whole diagnostic and therapeutic workflow of nasal polyps in two pediatric patients with Cornelia de Lange, successfully diagnosed and treated by nasal endoscopy. CONCLUSION Our report confirm that nasal endoscopy is a safe and useful tool in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of nasal polyps, even in Cornelia de Lange syndrome pediatric patients. We want to increase the alert for the detection of nasal polyps in patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome since pediatric age. We recommend endoscopy in all patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome and symptoms of chronic nasal obstruction and/or OSAS. Multidisciplinary team and sedation service could be useful in the management of Cornelia de Lange syndrome patients with airway obstruction symptoms and sleep disturbance when severe intellectual disability, autism or psychiatric findings are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Onesimo
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rita De Santis
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Leoni
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Rigante
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit - Fondazione Policlinico, Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Piastra
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli -IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Rare Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Yuan M, Barefoot ME, Peterson K, Campbell MJ, Blancato JK, Chen M, Schmidt MO, Kiliti AJ, Fang HB, Wellstein A, Riegel AT, Sharif GM. Loss of ANCO1 Expression Regulates Chromatin Accessibility and Drives Progression of Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11505. [PMID: 37511268 PMCID: PMC10380654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene ankyrin repeat domain containing 11 (ANKRD11/ANCO1) play a role in neurodegenerative disorders, and its loss of heterozygosity and low expression are seen in some cancers. Here, we show that low ANCO1 mRNA and protein expression levels are prognostic markers for poor clinical outcomes in breast cancer and that loss of nuclear ANCO1 protein expression predicts lower overall survival of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Knockdown of ANCO1 in early-stage TNBC cells led to aneuploidy, cellular senescence, and enhanced invasion in a 3D matrix. The presence of a subpopulation of ANCO1-depleted cells enabled invasion of the overall cell population in vitro and they converted more rapidly to invasive lesions in a xenograft mouse model. In ANCO1-depleted cells, ChIP-seq analysis showed a global increase in H3K27Ac signals that were enriched for AP-1, TEAD, STAT3, and NFκB motifs. ANCO1-regulated H3K27Ac peaks had a significantly higher overlap with known breast cancer enhancers compared to ANCO1-independent ones. H3K27Ac engagement was associated with transcriptional activation of genes in the PI3K-AKT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and senescence pathways. In conclusion, ANCO1 has hallmarks of a tumor suppressor whose loss of expression activates breast-cancer-specific enhancers and oncogenic pathways that can accelerate the early-stage progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yuan
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Megan E. Barefoot
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Kendell Peterson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Moray J. Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jan K. Blancato
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Manjing Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Marcel O. Schmidt
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Amber J. Kiliti
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Hong-Bin Fang
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Anna T. Riegel
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Ghada M. Sharif
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Shan H, Du X, Zheng G, Ke T, Liao C, Yang H. Persistent fifth aortic arch: a comprehensive literature review. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1183345. [PMID: 37435167 PMCID: PMC10331724 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1183345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent fifth aortic arch (PFAA) is an extremely rare congenital cardiovascular anomaly resulting from the failure of the fifth aortic arch to degenerate during embryonic development; it is often associated with various other cardiovascular anomalies. Despite being first reported by Van Praagh in 1969, there have been only a few individual case reports. Owing to its rarity and lack of comprehensive understanding, PFAA is often misdiagnosed or missed diagnosed during clinical. Thus, this review aimed to summarise the embryonic development, pathological classification, imaging diagnosis, and clinical treatment of PFAA to improve its overall understanding, ultimately helping in accurate diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Shan
- Department of Radiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaolan Du
- Department of Radiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tengfei Ke
- Department of Radiology, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chengde Liao
- Department of Radiology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Barili V, Ambrosini E, Uliana V, Bellini M, Vitetta G, Martorana D, Cannizzaro IR, Taiani A, De Sensi E, Caggiati P, Hilton S, Banka S, Percesepe A. Success and Pitfalls of Genetic Testing in Undiagnosed Diseases: Whole Exome Sequencing and Beyond. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1241. [PMID: 37372421 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel approaches to uncover the molecular etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) are highly needed. Even using a powerful tool such as whole exome sequencing (WES), the diagnostic process may still prove long and arduous due to the high clinical and genetic heterogeneity of these conditions. The main strategies to improve the diagnostic rate are based on family segregation, re-evaluation of the clinical features by reverse-phenotyping, re-analysis of unsolved NGS-based cases and epigenetic functional studies. In this article, we described three selected cases from a cohort of patients with NDD in which trio WES was applied, in order to underline the typical challenges encountered during the diagnostic process: (1) an ultra-rare condition caused by a missense variant in MEIS2, identified through the updated Solve-RD re-analysis; (2) a patient with Noonan-like features in which the NGS analysis revealed a novel variant in NIPBL causing Cornelia de Lange syndrome; and (3) a case with de novo variants in genes involved in the chromatin-remodeling complex, for which the study of the epigenetic signature excluded a pathogenic role. In this perspective, we aimed to (i) provide an example of the relevance of the genetic re-analysis of all unsolved cases through network projects on rare diseases; (ii) point out the role and the uncertainties of the reverse phenotyping in the interpretation of the genetic results; and (iii) describe the use of methylation signatures in neurodevelopmental syndromes for the validation of the variants of uncertain significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Barili
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Ambrosini
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Vera Uliana
- Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Melissa Bellini
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giulia Vitetta
- Medical Genetics, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Martorana
- Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Ilenia Rita Cannizzaro
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Antonietta Taiani
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Erika De Sensi
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Sarah Hilton
- Division of Evolution, Infection & Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Division of Evolution, Infection & Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Antonio Percesepe
- Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
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37
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Pimentel Campillo J, Corona Castillo D, Nunez M, Finke Abbott A, Pichardo J. Pneumonia-Induced Thyroid Crisis With Thyrotoxicosis Exacerbation: De Novo Graves' Disease Presentation on a Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS). Cureus 2023; 15:e41119. [PMID: 37519569 PMCID: PMC10382790 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare genetic disorder that affects multiple organ systems and is characterized by distinctive facial features, growth retardation, and developmental disabilities. The syndrome is caused by mutations in genes (NIPBL, RAD21, SMC3, HDAC8, and SMC1A) involved in the cohesin complex, which plays a critical role in chromosome segregation and gene expression regulation. Clinical findings typically include dysmorphic facial features (arched eyebrows, synophrys, long eyelashes, ptosis, long philtrum, thin upper lip, and posteriorly rotated ears), growth and mental retardation, upper limb defects (clinodactyly and limb deficiencies), gastrointestinal complications (gastroesophageal reflux, pyloric stenosis, diaphragmatic hernia, malrotation, and volvulus), and heart defects (ventricular and atrial septal defects). In addition, chronic respiratory tract infections including sinusitis and pneumonia have been frequently described in this population. The early recognition and diagnosis of CdLS through genetic testing are crucial to ensure appropriate medical management and early intervention therapies to improve the outcomes of affected individuals. The thyroid gland is not affected by this congenital disease, but complications can arrive in this organ by other disease-related organ malfunctions. Pneumonia-induced thyroiditis is a potentially life-threatening condition that can occur in patients with underlying thyroid disease who also develop pneumonia. The symptoms are due to the hypermetabolic state induced by excess thyroid hormones and include weight loss, heat intolerance, and palpitations. There are many different causes of thyrotoxicosis. It is important to determine the cause since treatment is based on the underlying etiology. The diagnosis of pneumonia-induced thyrotoxicosis can be challenging as symptoms may mimic other conditions and laboratory testing may not always provide a clear answer. The diagnosis is confirmed with low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and elevated free thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein. The management of the condition involves prompt recognition, supportive care, and the use of medications to lower thyroid hormone levels, such as beta-blockers, antithyroid drugs, steroids, and iodine. In severe cases, plasmapheresis or thyroidectomy may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Pimentel Campillo
- Internal Medicine, Centros de Diagnóstico y Medicina Avanzada y de Conferencias Médicas y Telemedicina (CEDIMAT), Santo Domingo, DOM
| | - Daneybi Corona Castillo
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Centros de Diagnóstico y Medicina Avanzada y de Conferencias Médicas y Telemedicina (CEDIMAT), Santo Domingo, DOM
| | - Marco Nunez
- Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | | | - Jesús Pichardo
- Surgery and Specialties, Centros de Diagnóstico y Medicina Avanzada y de Conferencias Médicas y Telemedicina (CEDIMAT), Santo Domingo, DOM
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Jenner L, Richards C, Howard R, Moss J. Heterogeneity of Autism Characteristics in Genetic Syndromes: Key Considerations for Assessment and Support. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2023; 10:132-146. [PMID: 37193200 PMCID: PMC10169182 DOI: 10.1007/s40474-023-00276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Elevated prevalence of autism characteristics is reported in genetic syndromes associated with intellectual disability. This review summarises recent evidence on the behavioural heterogeneity of autism in the following syndromes: Fragile X, Cornelia de Lange, Williams, Prader-Willi, Angelman, Down, Smith-Magenis, and tuberous sclerosis complex. Key considerations for assessment and support are discussed. Recent Findings The profile and developmental trajectory of autism-related behaviour in these syndromes indicate some degree of syndrome specificity which may interact with broader behavioural phenotypes (e.g. hypersociability), intellectual disability, and mental health (e.g. anxiety). Genetic subtype and co-occurring epilepsy within syndromes contribute to increased significance of autism characteristics. Autism-related strengths and challenges are likely to be overlooked or misunderstood using existing screening/diagnostic tools and criteria, which lack sensitivity and specificity within these populations. Summary Autism characteristics are highly heterogeneous across genetic syndromes and often distinguishable from non-syndromic autism. Autism diagnostic assessment practices in this population should be tailored to specific syndromes. Service provisions must begin to prioritise needs-led support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Jenner
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, England
| | | | - Rachel Howard
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, England
| | - Joanna Moss
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, England
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Tsompanidis A, Warrier V, Baron-Cohen S. The genetics of autism and steroid-related traits in prenatal and postnatal life. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1126036. [PMID: 37223033 PMCID: PMC10200920 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1126036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autism likelihood is a largely heritable trait. Autism prevalence has a skewed sex ratio, with males being diagnosed more often than females. Steroid hormones play a mediating role in this, as indicated by studies of both prenatal biology and postnatal medical conditions in autistic men and women. It is currently unclear if the genetics of steroid regulation or production interact with the genetic liability for autism. Methods To address this, two studies were conducted using publicly available datasets, which focused respectively on rare genetic variants linked to autism and neurodevelopmental conditions (study 1) and common genetic variants (study 2) for autism. In Study 1 an enrichment analysis was conducted, between autism-related genes (SFARI database) and genes that are differentially expressed (FDR<0.1) between male and female placentas, in 1st trimester chorionic villi samples of viable pregnancies (n=39). In Study 2 summary statistics of genome wide association studies (GWAS) were used to investigate the genetic correlation between autism and bioactive testosterone, estradiol and postnatal PlGF levels, as well as steroid-related conditions such as polycystic ovaries syndrome (PCOS), age of menarche, and androgenic alopecia. Genetic correlation was calculated based on LD Score regression and results were corrected for multiple testing with FDR. Results In Study 1, there was significant enrichment of X-linked autism genes in male-biased placental genes, independently of gene length (n=5 genes, p<0.001). In Study 2, common genetic variance associated with autism did not correlate to the genetics for the postnatal levels of testosterone, estradiol or PlGF, but was associated with the genotypes associated with early age of menarche in females (b=-0.109, FDR-q=0.004) and protection from androgenic alopecia for males (b=-0.135, FDR-q=0.007). Conclusion The rare genetic variants associated with autism appear to interact with placental sex differences, while the common genetic variants associated with autism appear to be involved in the regulation of steroid-related traits. These lines of evidence indicate that the likelihood for autism is partly linked to factors mediating physiological sex differences throughout development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Tsompanidis
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Mfarej MG, Hyland CA, Sanchez AC, Falk MM, Iovine MK, Skibbens RV. Cohesin: an emerging master regulator at the heart of cardiac development. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:rs2. [PMID: 36947206 PMCID: PMC10162415 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-12-0557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cohesins are ATPase complexes that play central roles in cellular processes such as chromosome division, DNA repair, and gene expression. Cohesinopathies arise from mutations in cohesin proteins or cohesin complex regulators and encompass a family of related developmental disorders that present with a range of severe birth defects, affect many different physiological systems, and often lead to embryonic fatality. Treatments for cohesinopathies are limited, in large part due to the lack of understanding of cohesin biology. Thus, characterizing the signaling networks that lie upstream and downstream of cohesin-dependent pathways remains clinically relevant. Here, we highlight alterations in cohesins and cohesin regulators that result in cohesinopathies, with a focus on cardiac defects. In addition, we suggest a novel and more unifying view regarding the mechanisms through which cohesinopathy-based heart defects may arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Mfarej
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - Caitlin A. Hyland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - Annie C. Sanchez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - Matthias M. Falk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - M. Kathryn Iovine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - Robert V. Skibbens
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
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Chesneau B, Ivashchenko V, Habib C, Gaston V, Escudié F, Morel G, Capri Y, Vincent-Delorme C, Calvas P, Chassaing N, Plaisancié J. Evaluation of somatic and/or germline mosaicism in congenital malformation of the eye. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:526-530. [PMID: 36404347 PMCID: PMC10172375 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microphthalmia, Anophthalmia and Coloboma (MAC) form a spectrum of congenital eye malformations responsible for severe visual impairment. Despite the exploration of hundreds of genes by High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS), most of the patients remain without genetic diagnosis. One explanation could be the not yet demonstrated involvement of somatic mosaicism (undetected by conventional analysis pipelines) in those patients. Furthermore, the proportion of parental germline mosaicism in presumed de novo variations is still unknown in ocular malformations. Thus, using dedicated bioinformatics pipeline designed to detect mosaic variants, we reanalysed the sequencing data obtained from a 119 ocular development genes panel performed on blood samples of 78 probands with sporadic MAC without genetic diagnosis. Using the same HTS strategy, we sequenced 80 asymptomatic parents of 41 probands carrying a disease-causing variant in an ocular development gene considered de novo after Sanger sequencing of both parents. Reanalysis of the previously sequencing data did not find any mosaic variant in probands without genetic diagnosis. However, HTS of parents revealed undetected SOX2 and PAX6 mosaic variants in two parents. Finally, this work, performed on two large cohorts of patients with MAC spectrum, provides for the first time an overview of the interest of looking for mosaicism in ocular development disorders. Somatic mosaicism does not appear to be frequent in MAC spectrum and might explain only few diagnoses. Thus, other approaches such as whole genome sequencing should be considered in those patients. Parental mosaicism is however not that rare (around 5%) and challenging for genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Chesneau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Centre de Référence pour les Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique (CARGO), CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Christophe Habib
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Gaston
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Fréderic Escudié
- Département d'anatomopathologie, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Godelieve Morel
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Yline Capri
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | - Patrick Calvas
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Centre de Référence pour les Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique (CARGO), CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Chassaing
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Centre de Référence pour les Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique (CARGO), CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Plaisancié
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Purpan, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
- Centre de Référence pour les Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique (CARGO), CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
- INSERM U1214, ToNIC, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.
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MacPherson RA, Shankar V, Anholt RRH, Mackay TFC. Genetic and Genomic Analyses of Drosophila melanogaster Models of Chromatin Modification Disorders. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.30.534923. [PMID: 37034595 PMCID: PMC10081333 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.30.534923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Switch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF)-related intellectual disability disorders (SSRIDDs) and Cornelia de Lange syndrome are rare syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders with overlapping clinical phenotypes. SSRIDDs are associated with the BAF (Brahma-Related Gene-1 Associated Factor) complex, whereas CdLS is a disorder of chromatin modification associated with the cohesin complex. Here, we used RNA interference in Drosophila melanogaster to reduce expression of six genes (brm, osa, Snr1, SMC1, SMC3, vtd) orthologous to human genes associated with SSRIDDs and CdLS. These fly models exhibit changes in sleep, activity, startle behavior (a proxy for sensorimotor integration) and brain morphology. Whole genome RNA sequencing identified 9,657 differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.05), 156 of which are differentially expressed in both sexes in SSRIDD- and CdLS-specific analyses, including Bap60, which is orthologous to SMARCD1, a SSRIDD-associated BAF component, k-means clustering reveals genes co-regulated within and across SSRIDD and CdLS fly models. RNAi-mediated reduction of expression of six genes co-regulated with focal genes brm, osa, and/or Snr1 recapitulated changes in behavior of the focal genes. Based on the assumption that fundamental biological processes are evolutionarily conserved, Drosophila models can be used to understand underlying molecular effects of variants in chromatin-modification pathways and may aid in discovery of drugs that ameliorate deleterious phenotypic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. MacPherson
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Vijay Shankar
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Robert R. H. Anholt
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Trudy F. C. Mackay
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
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Horsfield JA. Full circle: a brief history of cohesin and the regulation of gene expression. FEBS J 2023; 290:1670-1687. [PMID: 35048511 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cohesin complex has a range of crucial functions in the cell. Cohesin is essential for mediating chromatid cohesion during mitosis, for repair of double-strand DNA breaks, and for control of gene transcription. This last function has been the subject of intense research ever since the discovery of cohesin's role in the long-range regulation of the cut gene in Drosophila. Subsequent research showed that the expression of some genes is exquisitely sensitive to cohesin depletion, while others remain relatively unperturbed. Sensitivity to cohesin depletion is also remarkably cell type- and/or condition-specific. The relatively recent discovery that cohesin is integral to forming chromatin loops via loop extrusion should explain much of cohesin's gene regulatory properties, but surprisingly, loop extrusion has failed to identify a 'one size fits all' mechanism for how cohesin controls gene expression. This review will illustrate how early examples of cohesin-dependent gene expression integrate with later work on cohesin's role in genome organization to explain mechanisms by which cohesin regulates gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Horsfield
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Genetics Otago Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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van Eeghen AM, Stemkens D, Fernández-Fructuoso JR, Maruani A, Hadzsiev K, Gaasterland CMW, Klein Haneveld MJ, Vyshka K, Hugon A, van Eeghen AM, van Balkom IDC. Consensus recommendations on organization of care for individuals with Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2023:104747. [PMID: 37003574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The manifestations of Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) are complex, warranting expert and multidisciplinary care in all life stages. In the present paper we propose consensus recommendations on the organization of care for individuals with PMS. We indicate that care should consider all life domains, which can be done within the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). This framework assesses disability and functioning as the outcome of the individual's interactions with other factors. The different roles within care, such as performed by a centre of expertise, by regional health care providers and by a coordinating physician are addressed. A surveillance scheme and emergency card is provided and disciplines participating in a multidisciplinary team for PMS are described. Additionally, recommendations are provided for transition from paediatric to adult care. This care proposition may also be useful for individuals with other rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M van Eeghen
- Emma Center for Personalized Medicine, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Advisium, 's Heeren Loo, Amersfoort, Netherlands.
| | - D Stemkens
- VSOP - National Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases, Soest, the Netherlands
| | | | - A Maruani
- Excellence Center for Autism Spectrum & Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Inovand, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hôpital Robert Debre, APHP, Paris, France; CRMR DICR, Rare Disease Center for Intellectual Disabilities, Defiscience, France
| | - K Hadzsiev
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - C M W Gaasterland
- Emma Center for Personalized Medicine, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M J Klein Haneveld
- Emma Center for Personalized Medicine, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Klea Vyshka
- University Hospital Robert Debre, Paris, France
| | - A Hugon
- University Hospital Robert Debre, Paris, France
| | - A M van Eeghen
- Emma Center for Personalized Medicine, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Advisium, 's Heeren Loo, Amersfoort, Netherlands
| | - I D C van Balkom
- Jonx, Department of (Youth) Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, Netherlands; Rob Giel Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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45
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Yu QX, Jing XY, Lin XM, Zhen L, Li DZ. Fetal phenotype of Cornelia de Lange syndrome with a molecular confirmation. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 284:16-19. [PMID: 36913886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present the fetal features of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) with a molecular confirmation. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective study of 13 cases with CdLS diagnosed by prenatal and postnatal genetic testing and physical examination. Clinical and laboratory data were collected and reviewed for these cases, including maternal demographics, prenatal sonographic findings, chromosomal microarray and exome sequencing (ES) results, and pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS All of the 13 cases were detected to have a CdLS-causing variant, with 8 variants identified in the NIPBL gene, 3 in SMC1A, and 2 in HDAC8. Five had normal ultrasound scans during pregnancy; all were caused by variants of SMC1A or HDAC8. For the eight cases with NIPBL variants, all had prenatal ultrasound markers. Three had first trimester ultrasound markers including increased nuchal translucency in one and limb defects in three. Four presented with normal ultrasound in the first trimester, but abnormal ultrasound in the second trimester, including micrognathia in two, hypospadias in one and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in one. IUGR as the isolated feature was identified in one case in the third trimester. CONCLUSION The prenatal diagnosis of CdLS caused by NIPBLvariants is possible. It seems to remain challenging to detect non-classic CdLS only relying on ultrasound examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Xia Yu
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang-Yi Jing
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Lin
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhen
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong-Zhi Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Brady L, Ballantyne M, Duck J, Fisker T, Kleefman R, Li C, Nfonsam L, Schultz LA, Tarnopolsky M, McCready E. Further characterization of the 9q31 microdeletion phenotype; delineation of a common region of overlap containing ZNF462. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023; 11:e2116. [PMID: 36461789 PMCID: PMC10009906 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of function variants and whole gene deletions of ZNF462 has been associated with a novel phenotype of developmental delay/intellectual disability and distinctive facial features. Over two dozen cases have been reported to date and the condition is now known as Weiss-Kruszka syndrome (OMIM# 618619). There are several older reports in the literature and DECIPER detailing individuals with interstitial deletions of 9q31 involving the ZNF462 gene. Many of the characteristic facial features described in these microdeletion cases are similar to those who have been diagnosed with Weiss-Kruszka syndrome. METHODS We describe three additional patients with overlapping 9q31 deletions and compare the phenotypes of the microdeletion cases reported in the literature to Weiss-Kruszka syndrome. RESULTS Phenotypic overlap was observed between patients with 9q31 deletions and Weiss-Kruszka syndrome. Several additional features were noted in 9q31 deletion patients, including hearing loss, small head circumference, palate abnormalities and short stature. CONCLUSIONS The common region of overlap of microdeletion cases implicates ZNF462 as the main driver of the recognizable 9q31 microdeletion phenotype. The observation of additional features in patients with 9q31 microdeletions that are not reported in Weiss-Kruszka syndrome further suggests that other genes from the 9q31 region likely act synergistically with ZNF462 to affect phenotypic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Brady
- Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neuromuscular & Neurometabolic Disorders, Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Ballantyne
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Duck
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Fisker
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan Kleefman
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chumei Li
- Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Landry Nfonsam
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lee-Anne Schultz
- Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Tarnopolsky
- Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neuromuscular & Neurometabolic Disorders, Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth McCready
- Hamilton Regional Laboratory Medicine Program, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Conti B, Rinaldi B, Rimoldi M, Villa R, Iascone M, Gangi S, Porro M, Ajmone PF, Colli AM, Mosca F, Bedeschi MF. Chung-Jansen syndrome can mimic Cornelia de Lange syndrome: Another player among chromatinopathies? Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:1586-1592. [PMID: 36843271 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare multisystem congenital neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) characterized by distinctive facial anomalies, short stature, developmental delay, hirsutism, gastrointestinal abnormalities and upper limb reduction defects. CdLS syndrome is associated with causative variants in genes encoding for the cohesin complex, a cellular machinery involved in chromatid pairing, DNA repair and gene-expression regulation. In this report, we describe a familial case of a syndromic presentation in a 4-year-old patient (P1) and in his mother (P2). Trio-based Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) performed on P1 was first negative. Since his phenotypic evolution during the follow-up was reminiscent of the CdLS spectrum, a reanalysis of WES data, focused on CdLS-related genes, was requested. Although no alterations in those genes was detected, we identified the likely pathogenetic variant c.40G > A (p.Glu14Lys) in the PHIP gene, in the meanwhile associated with Chung-Jansen syndrome. Reverse phenotyping carried out in both patients confirmed the molecular diagnosis. CHUJANS belongs to NDDs, featuring developmental delay, mild-to-moderate intellectual disability, behavioral problems, obesity and facial dysmorphisms. Moreover, as here described, CHUJANS shows a significant overlap with the CdLS spectrum, with specific regard to facial gestalt. On the basis of our findings, we suggest to include PHIP among genes routinely analyzed in patients belonging to the CdLS spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Conti
- Medical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Berardo Rinaldi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Rimoldi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Villa
- Medical Genetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Iascone
- Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Silvana Gangi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Porro
- Pediatric Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Francesca Ajmone
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Service (UONPIA), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Colli
- Cardiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Mosca
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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48
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Boer LL, Kircher SG, Rehder H, Behunova J, Winter E, Ringl H, Scharrer A, de Boer E, Oostra RJ. History and highlights of the teratological collection in the Narrenturm, Vienna (Austria). Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:1301-1324. [PMID: 36806455 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The collection of the Narrenturm in Vienna houses and maintains more than 50,000 objects including approximately 1200 teratological specimens; making it one of the biggest collections of specimens from human origin in Europe. The existence of this magnificent collection-representing an important resource for dysmorphology research, mostly awaiting contemporary diagnoses-is not widely known in the scientific community. Here, we show that the Narrenturm harbors a wealth of specimens with (exceptionally) rare congenital anomalies. These museums can be seen as physical repositories of human malformation, covering hundreds of years of dedicated collecting and preserving, thereby creating unique settings that can be used to expand our knowledge of developmental conditions that have to be preserved for future generations of scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas L Boer
- Department of Imaging, Section Anatomy and Museum for Anatomy and Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Gerit Kircher
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Rehder
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Behunova
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eduard Winter
- Pathologisch-Anatomische Sammlung im Narrenturm-NHM, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Ringl
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anke Scharrer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke de Boer
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roelof-Jan Oostra
- Department of Medical Biology, Section Clinical Anatomy and Embryology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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49
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Ajmone PF, Giani L, Allegri B, Michelini G, Dall'Ara F, Rigamonti C, Monti F, Vizziello PG, Selicorni A, Milani D, Scaini S, Costantino A. The developmental trajectories of the behavioral phenotype and neuropsychiatric functioning in Cornelia de Lange and Rubinstein Taybi syndromes: A longitudinal study. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:424-436. [PMID: 36373849 PMCID: PMC10099472 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several changes in the behavioral phenotype arise with the growth of children affected by Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) and Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome (RSTS). However, previous research relied on a cross-sectional study design turning into age-related comparisons of different syndromic cohorts to explore age-dependent changes. We aim to outline the variating pathways of the neuropsychiatric functioning across the lifespan in CdLS and RSTS, through the setting up of a longitudinal study design. The sample included 14 patients with CdLS and 15 with RSTS. The assessments were carried out in two different timepoints. Our findings highlight that the cognitive profile of CdLS is subjected to a worsening trend with decreasing Intellectual Quotient (IQ) scores from T0 to T1, whereas RSTS shows a stable IQ over time. Patients affected by RSTS show greater improvements compared to CdLS in communication, daily living skills, social abilities, and motor skills across the lifespan. Both syndromes report an upward trend in behavioral and emotional difficulties even if CdLS exhibit a significant and major deterioration compared to individuals with RSTS. Being aware of the early dysfunctional patterns which might pave the way for later neuropsychiatric impairments is the first step for planning preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Francesca Ajmone
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Service (UONPIA), Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovica Giani
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Allegri
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Service (UONPIA), Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Dall'Ara
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Service (UONPIA), Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Rigamonti
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Service (UONPIA), Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Monti
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Service (UONPIA), Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Giovanna Vizziello
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Service (UONPIA), Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Donatella Milani
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Service (UONPIA), Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Scaini
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Costantino
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Service (UONPIA), Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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50
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de Wit E, Nora EP. New insights into genome folding by loop extrusion from inducible degron technologies. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:73-85. [PMID: 36180596 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin folds into dynamic loops that often span hundreds of kilobases and physically wire distant loci together for gene regulation. These loops are continuously created, extended and positioned by structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein complexes, such as condensin and cohesin, and their regulators, including CTCF, in a highly dynamic process known as loop extrusion. Genetic loss of extrusion factors is lethal, complicating their study. Inducible protein degradation technologies enable the depletion of loop extrusion factors within hours, leading to the rapid reconfiguration of chromatin folding. Here, we review how these technologies have changed our understanding of genome organization, upsetting long-held beliefs on its role in transcription. Finally, we examine recent models that attempt to reconcile observations after chronic versus acute perturbations, and discuss future developments in this rapidly developing field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzo de Wit
- Division of Gene Regulation, Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Division of Gene Regulation, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Elphège P Nora
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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