1
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Lin H, Fu L, Zhou X, Yu A, Chen Y, Liao W, Shu G, Zhang L, Tan L, Liang H, Wang Z, Deng Q, Wang J, Jin M, Chen Z, Wei J, Cao J, Chen W, Li X, Li P, Lu J, Luo J. LRP1 induces anti-PD-1 resistance by modulating the DLL4-NOTCH2-CCL2 axis and redirecting M2-like macrophage polarisation in bladder cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 593:216807. [PMID: 38462037 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) drives bladder cancer (BLCA) progression. Targeting the TME has emerged as a promising strategy for BLCA treatment in recent years. Furthermore, checkpoint blockade therapies are only beneficial for a minority of patients with BLCA, and drug resistance is a barrier to achieving significant clinical effects of anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1) therapy. In this study, higher low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) levels were related to a poorer prognosis for patients with various cancers, including those with higher grades and later stages of BLCA. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that LRP1 plays a role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), NOTCH signalling pathway, and ubiquitination. LRP1 knockdown in BLCA cells delayed BLCA progression both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, LRP1 knockdown suppressed EMT, reduced DLL4-NOTCH2 signalling activity, and downregulated M2-like macrophage polarisation. Patients with BLCA and higher LRP1 levels responded weakly to anti-PD-1 therapy in the IMvigor210 cohort. Moreover, LRP1 knockdown enhanced the therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1 in mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that LRP1 is a potential target for improving the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy by preventing EMT and M2-like macrophage polarisation by blocking the DLL4-NOTCH2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Lin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangmin Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anze Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuyuan Liao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guannan Shu
- Department of Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Deng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieyan Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiyu Jin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhuan Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiazheng Cao
- Department of Urology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Haibang Street 23, Pengjiang District, Jiangmen, 529030, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Pengju Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Junhang Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Matye D, Leak J, Woolbright BL, Taylor JA. Preclinical models of bladder cancer: BBN and beyond. Nat Rev Urol 2024:10.1038/s41585-024-00885-9. [PMID: 38769130 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-024-00885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Preclinical modelling is a crucial component of advancing the understanding of cancer biology and therapeutic development. Several models exist for understanding the pathobiology of bladder cancer and evaluating therapeutics. N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN)-induced bladder cancer is a commonly used model that recapitulates many of the features of human disease. Particularly in mice, BBN is a preferred laboratory model owing to a high level of reproducibility, high genetic fidelity to the human condition, and its relative ease of use. However, important aspects of the model are often overlooked in laboratory studies. Moreover, the advent of new models has yielded a variety of methodologies that complement the use of BBN. Toxicokinetics, histopathology, molecular genetics and sex can differ between available models and are important factors to consider in bladder cancer modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Matye
- School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Juliann Leak
- School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Benjamin L Woolbright
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - John A Taylor
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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3
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Gill E, Perks CM. Mini-Review: Current Bladder Cancer Treatment-The Need for Improvement. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1557. [PMID: 38338835 PMCID: PMC10855537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the tenth most common cancer and is a significant burden on health care services worldwide, as it is one of the most costly cancers to treat per patient. This expense is due to the extensive treatment and follow-ups that occur with costly and invasive procedures. Improvement in both treatment options and the quality of life these interventions offer has not progressed at the rates of other cancers, and new alternatives are desperately needed to ease the burden. A more modern approach needs to be taken, with urinary biomarkers being a positive step in making treatments more patient-friendly, but there is still a long way to go to make these widely available and of a comparable standard to the current treatment options. New targets to hit the major signalling pathways that are upregulated in bladder cancer, such as the PI3K/AkT/mTOR pathway, are urgently needed, with only one drug approved so far, Erdafitinib. Immune checkpoint inhibitors also hold promise, with both PD-1 and CDLA-4 antibody therapies approved for use. They effectively block ligand/receptor binding to block the immune checkpoint used by tumour cells. Other avenues must be explored, including drug repurposing and novel biomarkers, which have revolutionised this area in other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire M. Perks
- Cancer Endocrinology Group, Learning & Research Building, Southmead Hospital, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK;
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4
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Dyrskjøt L, Hansel DE, Efstathiou JA, Knowles MA, Galsky MD, Teoh J, Theodorescu D. Bladder cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:58. [PMID: 37884563 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a global health issue with sex differences in incidence and prognosis. Bladder cancer has distinct molecular subtypes with multiple pathogenic pathways depending on whether the disease is non-muscle invasive or muscle invasive. The mutational burden is higher in muscle-invasive than in non-muscle-invasive disease. Commonly mutated genes include TERT, FGFR3, TP53, PIK3CA, STAG2 and genes involved in chromatin modification. Subtyping of both forms of bladder cancer is likely to change considerably with the advent of single-cell analysis methods. Early detection signifies a better disease prognosis; thus, minimally invasive diagnostic options are needed to improve patient outcomes. Urine-based tests are available for disease diagnosis and surveillance, and analysis of blood-based cell-free DNA is a promising tool for the detection of minimal residual disease and metastatic relapse. Transurethral resection is the cornerstone treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and intravesical therapy can further improve oncological outcomes. For muscle-invasive bladder cancer, radical cystectomy with neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the standard of care with evidence supporting trimodality therapy. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated benefit in non-muscle-invasive, muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer. Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach that considers patient characteristics and molecular disease characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Dyrskjøt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Donna E Hansel
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason A Efstathiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret A Knowles
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Matthew D Galsky
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy Teoh
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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5
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Hu X, Ha E, Ai F, Huang X, Yan L, He S, Ruan S, Hu J. Stimulus-responsive inorganic semiconductor nanomaterials for tumor-specific theranostics. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Chang Z, Li R, Zhang J, An L, Zhou G, Lei M, Deng J, Yang R, Song Z, Zhong W, Qi D, Duan X, Li S, Sun B, Wu W. Distinct immune and inflammatory response patterns contribute to the identification of poor prognosis and advanced clinical characters in bladder cancer patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1008865. [PMID: 36389789 PMCID: PMC9646535 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1008865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the molecular heterogeneity, most bladder cancer (BLCA) patients show no pathological responses to immunotherapy and chemotherapy yet suffer from their toxicity. This study identified and validated three distinct and stable molecular clusters of BLCA in cross-platform databases based on personalized immune and inflammatory characteristics. H&E-stained histopathology images confirmed the distinct infiltration of immune and inflammatory cells among clusters. Cluster-A was characterized by a favorable prognosis and low immune and inflammatory infiltration but showed the highest abundance of prognosis-related favorable immune cell and inflammatory activity. Cluster-B featured the worst prognosis and high immune infiltration, but numerous unfavorable immune cells exist. Cluster-C had a favorable prognosis and the highest immune and inflammatory infiltration. Based on machine learning, a highly precise predictive model (immune and inflammatory responses signature, IIRS), including FN1, IL10, MYC, CD247, and TLR2, was developed and validated to identify the high IIRS-score group that had a poor prognosis and advanced clinical characteristics. Compared to other published models, IIRS showed the highest AUC in 5 years of overall survival (OS) and a favorable predictive value in predicting 1- and 3- year OS. Moreover, IIRS showed an excellent performance in predicting immunotherapy and chemotherapy's response. According to immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR, IIRS genes were differentially expressed between tumor tissues with corresponding normal or adjacent tissues. Finally, immunohistochemical and H&E-stained analyses were performed on the bladder tissues of 13 BLCA patients to further demonstrate that the IIRS score is a valid substitute for IIR patterns and can contribute to identifying patients with poor clinical and histopathology characteristics. In conclusion, we established a novel IIRS depicting an IIR pattern that could independently predict OS and acts as a highly precise predictive biomarker for advanced clinical characters and the responses to immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglin Chang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongqi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medical, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhu Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyue An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaoxiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Lei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiwang Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Riwei Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfeng Song
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Defeng Qi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolu Duan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujue Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoqing Sun
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Rahman MM, Sarker MT, Alam Tumpa MA, Yamin M, Islam T, Park MN, Islam MR, Rauf A, Sharma R, Cavalu S, Kim B. Exploring the recent trends in perturbing the cellular signaling pathways in cancer by natural products. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:950109. [PMID: 36160435 PMCID: PMC9498834 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.950109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is commonly thought to be the product of irregular cell division. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is the major cause of death globally. Nature offers an abundant supply of bioactive compounds with high therapeutic efficacy. Anticancer effects have been studied in a variety of phytochemicals found in nature. When Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anticancer drugs are combined with natural compounds, the effectiveness improves. Several agents have already progressed to clinical trials based on these promising results of natural compounds against various cancer forms. Natural compounds prevent cancer cell proliferation, development, and metastasis by inducing cell cycle arrest, activating intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and down-regulating activated signaling pathways. These natural chemicals are known to affect numerous important cellular signaling pathways, such as NF-B, MAPK, Wnt, Notch, Akt, p53, AR, ER, and many others, to cause cell death signals and induce apoptosis in pre-cancerous or cancer cells without harming normal cells. As a result, non-toxic “natural drugs” taken from nature’s bounty could be effective for the prevention of tumor progression and/or therapy of human malignancies, either alone or in combination with conventional treatments. Natural compounds have also been shown in preclinical studies to improve the sensitivity of resistant cancers to currently available chemotherapy agents. To summarize, preclinical and clinical findings against cancer indicate that natural-sourced compounds have promising anticancer efficacy. The vital purpose of these studies is to target cellular signaling pathways in cancer by natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Taslim Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mst. Afroza Alam Tumpa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Yamin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tamanna Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Abdur Rauf, ; Bonglee Kim,
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Abdur Rauf, ; Bonglee Kim,
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8
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Torab P, Yan Y, Ahmed M, Yamashita H, Warrick JI, Raman JD, DeGraff DJ, Wong PK. Intratumoral Heterogeneity Promotes Collective Cancer Invasion through NOTCH1 Variation. Cells 2021; 10:3084. [PMID: 34831307 PMCID: PMC8619970 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular and molecular heterogeneity within tumors has long been associated with the progression of cancer to an aggressive phenotype and a poor prognosis. However, how such intratumoral heterogeneity contributes to the invasiveness of cancer is largely unknown. Here, using a tumor bioengineering approach, we investigate the interaction between molecular subtypes within bladder microtumors and the corresponding effects on their invasiveness. Our results reveal heterogeneous microtumors formed by multiple molecular subtypes possess enhanced invasiveness compared to individual cells, even when both cells are not invasive individually. To examine the molecular mechanism of intratumoral heterogeneity mediated invasiveness, live single cell biosensing, RNA interference, and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing approaches were applied to investigate and control the composition of the microtumors. An agent-based computational model was also developed to evaluate the influence of NOTCH1 variation on DLL4 expression within a microtumor. The data indicate that intratumoral variation in NOTCH1 expression can lead to upregulation of DLL4 expression within the microtumor and enhancement of microtumor invasiveness. Overall, our results reveal a novel mechanism of heterogeneity mediated invasiveness through intratumoral variation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Torab
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Yue Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (Y.Y.); (M.A.)
| | - Mona Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (Y.Y.); (M.A.)
| | - Hironobu Yamashita
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (H.Y.); (J.I.W.); (D.J.D.)
| | - Joshua I. Warrick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (H.Y.); (J.I.W.); (D.J.D.)
- Penn State Health Milton S., Hershey Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Jay D. Raman
- Penn State Health Milton S., Hershey Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - David J. DeGraff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (H.Y.); (J.I.W.); (D.J.D.)
- Penn State Health Milton S., Hershey Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (Y.Y.); (M.A.)
- Penn State Health Milton S., Hershey Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
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9
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Na L, Wang Z, Bai Y, Sun Y, Dong D, Wang W, Zhao C. WNT7B represses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stem-like properties in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1868:166271. [PMID: 34562599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrence and metastasis are the major problems of bladder urothelial carcinoma, which mainly attribute to tumor cell stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and chemoresistance. METHODS TCGA database was interrogated for gene mRNA expression in bladder urothelial carcinoma samples. CCLE database was interrogated for gene mRNA expression in bladder cancer cell lines. The correlation between two genes was analyzed by Pearson statistics. 37 human bladder urothelial carcinoma specimens were adopted for immunohistochemistry. Bladder cancer cells RT4, J82, and UM-UC-3 were used to carry out loss and gain of function studies. Kaplan-Meier method was performed to analyze the overall survival. FINDINGS WNT7B is downregulated in high-grade bladder urothelial carcinomas. Low WNT7B expression is associated with unfavorable prognosis. Loss and gain of function studies showed that WNT7B inhibits bladder urothelial carcinoma cell EMT, stem-like properties and chemoresistance. FZD5, a specific receptor for WNT7B, mediates WNT7B signaling. ELF3 is a downstream component of WNT7B signaling, which transcriptionally modulates NOTCH1, a tumor suppressor in bladder urothelial carcinoma. INTERPRETATION These data demonstrate that WNT7B/FZD5-ELF3-NOTCH1 signaling functions as a tumor-suppressing pathway in bladder urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Na
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Chenghai Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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10
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Xue C, Chen X, Lin K, Tong Y, Wang X. Identification of Notch signaling pathway gene mutations as a prognostic biomarker for bladder cancer. Future Oncol 2021; 17:4307-4320. [PMID: 34338007 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The authors aimed to identify Notch signaling pathway gene mutations as a prognostic biomarker for bladder cancer. Methods: First, critical Notch signaling pathway genes were screened using The Cancer Genome Atlas and validation sets. Second, immune infiltration, protein-protein interaction network, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis analyses were performed. Finally, potential immunotherapy drug targets were screened using T-cell receptors, B-cell receptors and CERES scores for bladder cancer. Results: The NOTCH7 gene was identified, with a significant difference in immune infiltration level between mutant and wild type in bladder cancer, mainly related to T cells. NOTCH7 was an immunotherapy prognostic factor, and IRF1 and B2M were the potential drug targets for NOTCH7 mutation in bladder cancer. Conclusion: NOTCH7 gene mutation can be used as an immunotherapy biomarker for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Xue
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Greentown Cardiovascular Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Greentown Cardiovascular Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - KaoXing Lin
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Greentown Cardiovascular Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - YunGuang Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China.,Omigen Inc., Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - XinHong Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Greentown Cardiovascular Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, China
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11
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Zhang C, Berndt-Paetz M, Neuhaus J. A Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis of Notch Pathways in Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123089. [PMID: 34205690 PMCID: PMC8235546 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Notch pathway is important in embryology and numerous tumor diseases. However, its role in bladder cancer (BCa) has not been deeply investigated thus far. Gene expression data are available for BCa, and bioinformatics analysis can provide insights into a possible role of the Notch pathway in BCa development and prognosis. Using this information can help in better understanding the origin of BCa, finding novel biomarkers for prediction of disease progression, and potentially opening new avenues to improved treatment. Our analysis identified the Notch receptors NOTCH2/3 and their ligand DLL4 as potential drivers of BCa by direct interaction with basic cell functions and indirect by modulating the immune response. Abstract Background: A hallmark of Notch signaling is its variable role in tumor biology, ranging from tumor-suppressive to oncogenic effects. Until now, the mechanisms and functions of Notch pathways in bladder cancer (BCa) are still unclear. Methods: We used publicly available data from the GTEx and TCGA-BLCA databases to explore the role of the canonical Notch pathways in BCa on the basis of the RNA expression levels of Notch receptors, ligands, and downstream genes. For statistical analyses of cancer and non-cancerous samples, we used R software packages and public databases/webservers. Results: We found differential expression between control and BCa samples for all Notch receptors (NOTCH1, 2, 3, 4), the delta-like Notch ligands (DLL1, 3, 4), and the typical downstream gene hairy and enhancer of split 1 (HES1). NOTCH2/3 and DLL4 can significantly differentiate non-cancerous samples from cancers and were broadly altered in subgroups. High expression levels of NOTCH2/3 receptors correlated with worse overall survival (OS) and shorter disease-free survival (DFS). However, at long-term (>8 years) follow-up, NOTCH2 expression was associated with a better OS and DFS. Furthermore, the cases with the high levels of DLL4 were associated with worse OS but improved DFS. Pathway network analysis revealed that NOTCH2/3 in particular correlated with cell cycle, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), numbers of lymphocyte subtypes, and modulation of the immune system. Conclusions: NOTCH2/3 and DLL4 are potential drivers of Notch signaling in BCa, indicating that Notch and associated pathways play an essential role in the progression and prognosis of BCa through directly modulating immune cells or through interaction with cell cycle and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.B.-P.)
- Department of Urology, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital Affiliated to the Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mandy Berndt-Paetz
- Department of Urology, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.B.-P.)
| | - Jochen Neuhaus
- Department of Urology, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; (C.Z.); (M.B.-P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-971-7688
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12
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Jain CK, Bhargava S, Jain I, Varshney S. Targeting Notch Pathway in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics: An Emerging Approach. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:244-252. [PMID: 34109915 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210607092350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway usually present in multicellular organisms, which plays a pivotal role in cell fate determination and proliferation. Due to this property, it is highly oncogenic, especially in the dysregulated version of the Notch pathway, where apoptosis is inhibited, and abnormal cell growth is supported. Notch receptors and ligand proteins play an essential role in cancers, for instance, myeloid leukemia, T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia, and organ-specific, i.e., breast, colon, pancreas, and skin cancers. Any type of cancer generates as a result of genetic defects, including epigenetic alterations as well as mutations. These alterations can be used by the researchers to find a promising diagnostic as well as therapeutic tool for cancer. The successful inhibition of the Notch pathway with the help of specific biomarkers or suppression of gene expression represents a new remedy in the field of cancer research. This article focuses on the various remedies hidden within the Notch pathway's mechanism, primarily based on different patents published in recent years for assisting cancer diagnosis and succeeding treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakresh Kumar Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector -62 NOIDA Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shreya Bhargava
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector -62 NOIDA Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Isha Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector -62 NOIDA Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Srishti Varshney
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector -62 NOIDA Uttar Pradesh, India
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13
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Fosciclopirox suppresses growth of high-grade urothelial cancer by targeting the γ-secretase complex. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:562. [PMID: 34059639 PMCID: PMC8166826 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03836-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ciclopirox (CPX) is an FDA-approved topical antifungal agent that has demonstrated preclinical anticancer activity in a number of solid and hematologic malignancies. Its clinical utility as an oral anticancer agent, however, is limited by poor oral bioavailability and gastrointestinal toxicity. Fosciclopirox, the phosphoryloxymethyl ester of CPX (Ciclopirox Prodrug, CPX-POM), selectively delivers the active metabolite, CPX, to the entire urinary tract following parenteral administration. We characterized the activity of CPX-POM and its major metabolites in in vitro and in vivo preclinical models of high-grade urothelial cancer. CPX inhibited cell proliferation, clonogenicity and spheroid formation, and increased cell cycle arrest at S and G0/G1 phases. Mechanistically, CPX suppressed activation of Notch signaling. Molecular modeling and cellular thermal shift assays demonstrated CPX binding to γ-secretase complex proteins Presenilin 1 and Nicastrin, which are essential for Notch activation. To establish in vivo preclinical proof of principle, we tested fosciclopirox in the validated N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) mouse bladder cancer model. Once-daily intraperitoneal administration of CPX-POM for four weeks at doses of 235 mg/kg and 470 mg/kg significantly decreased bladder weight, a surrogate for tumor volume, and resulted in a migration to lower stage tumors in CPX-POM treated animals. This was coupled with a reduction in the proliferation index. Additionally, there was a reduction in Presenilin 1 and Hes-1 expression in the bladder tissues of CPX-POM treated animals. Following the completion of the first-in-human Phase 1 trial (NCT03348514), the pharmacologic activity of fosciclopirox is currently being characterized in a Phase 1 expansion cohort study of muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients scheduled for cystectomy (NCT04608045) as well as a Phase 2 trial of newly diagnosed and recurrent urothelial cancer patients scheduled for transurethral resection of bladder tumors (NCT04525131).
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14
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Schulz GB, Elezkurtaj S, Börding T, Schmidt EM, Elmasry M, Stief CG, Kirchner T, Karl A, Horst D. Therapeutic and prognostic implications of NOTCH and MAPK signaling in bladder cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1987-1996. [PMID: 33686706 PMCID: PMC8088911 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling pathways that drive bladder cancer (BC) progression may be promising and specific targets for systemic therapy. Here, we investigated the clinical significance and targetability of NOTCH and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling for this aggressive malignancy. We assessed NOTCH1 and MAPK activity in 222 stage III and IV BC specimens of patients that had undergone radical cystectomy, and tested for clinical associations including cancer-specific and overall survival. We examined therapeutic effects of NOTCH and MAPK repression in a murine xenograft model of human bladder cancer cells and evaluated tumor growth and tumor cell plasticity. In BC, NOTCH1 and MAPK signaling marked two distinct tumor cell subpopulations. The combination of high NOTCH1 and high MAPK activity indicated poor cancer-specific and overall survival in univariate and multivariate analyses. Inhibition of NOTCH and MAPK in BC xenografts in vivo depleted targeted tumor cell subpopulations and revealed strong plasticity in signaling pathway activity. Combinatorial inhibition of NOTCH and MAPK signaling most strongly suppressed tumor growth. Our findings indicate that tumor cell subpopulations with high NOTCH and MAPK activity both contribute to tumor progression. Furthermore, we propose a new concept for BC therapy, which advocates specific and simultaneous targeting of these different tumor cell subpopulations through combined NOTCH and MAPK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald B Schulz
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Sefer Elezkurtaj
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Teresa Börding
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Manal Elmasry
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian G Stief
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Karl
- Department of Urology, Barmherzige Brüder, Munich, Germany
| | - David Horst
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Qu X, Zhao L, Wang M, Zhang R, Cheng L, Qiu L, Tong X, Cai S, Wei Q, Li Q. Novel functional variants in the Notch pathway and survival of Chinese colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:84-96. [PMID: 33728681 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling pathway plays crucial roles in progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), likely affecting overall survival (OS). In a two-stage survival analysis of 1116 CRC patients in East China, we found that one locus at MINAR1 out of 133 genes in the Notch signaling pathway was significantly associated with OS (P < 1 × 10-6 , false discovery rate < 0.01). This locus containing seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in high linkage disequilibrium (R2 = 1) is located on chromosome 15, of which the MINAR1 rs72430409 G allele was associated with a greater death risk (HR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.55-2.54, P = 6.8 × 10-8 ). Further analysis of ChIP-sequencing data from the encyclopedia of DNA Elements showed that rs72430409 and rs72630408 were potential cis-regulatory elements for the MINAR1 promoter. Additional expression quantitative trait loci analysis revealed that rs72430409 G>A and rs72630408 A>G were correlated with increased MINAR1 expression levels in both blood cells and colon tissues. Dual luciferase assays revealed that the rs72430409 A allele increased MINAR1 promoter activity. The Cancer Genome Atlas data showed that expression levels of MINAR1 in CRC samples were significantly higher than that in normal colorectal tissue and that high expression of MINAR1 was associated with a shortened OS, likely via activating the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway as shown in the gene-set enrichment analysis. In vitro, RNAi-mediated silencing of MINAR1 led to decreased migration and proliferation in CRC cancer cells, and MINAR1 silencing could downregulate the expression of key effector genes in EMT and glycolysis. Larger cohort studies and further experiments are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Qu
- Cancer Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyun Wang
- Cancer Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoxin Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Cancer Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Tong
- Cancer Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sanjun Cai
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Cancer Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Qingguo Li
- Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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16
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Zheng K, Han X, Su Y, Wang Q, Ma Q, Zheng K. Effects of targeted Notch1 silencing on the biological processes of the T24 and 5637 cells in vitro. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:305. [PMID: 33732381 PMCID: PMC7905604 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the roles of Notch1 in the biological processes of bladder cancer cells (BCCs) in vitro. Short hairpin (sh)RNA targeting Notch1 was designed and constructed, and the T24 and 5637 BCCs were selected for transfection. The cells were classified into two groups: shRNA negative control (NC) and Notch1 shRNA. MTT and Transwell assays, and flow cytometry were performed to examine the changes in cell proliferation, invasiveness, and apoptosis, respectively. In addition, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis was used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bid and Bcl2) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition factors (vimentin and E- and N-cadherin). Compared with that in the shRNA NC group, the Notch1 shRNA group showed significantly decreased cell proliferation rate and invasiveness; increased apoptotic rate; elevated mRNA expression levels of Bad, Bid and E-cadherin; and reduced mRNA expression levels of Bcl2, N-cadherin and vimentin. The trends for protein expression levels were the same as those for mRNA levels. Notch1 silencing inhibited invasion and promoted apoptosis of BCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewen Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The First Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Han
- Blood Conservation Institute, School of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 014040, P.R. China
| | - Yan Su
- Blood Conservation Institute, School of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 014040, P.R. China
| | - Qinghai Wang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Blood Conservation Institute, School of Basic and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 014040, P.R. China
| | - Kesi Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Wenzhou People's Hospital, The Third Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
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17
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Gan RH, Lin LS, Zheng DP, Zhao Y, Ding LC, Zheng DL, Lu YG. High expression of Notch2 drives tongue squamous cell carcinoma carcinogenesis. Exp Cell Res 2020; 399:112452. [PMID: 33382997 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is one of the most common cancers in the oral cavity. Notch signaling is frequently dysregulated in cancer. However, the role of Notch2 in TSCC is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of abnormal expression of Notch2 in TSCC. The expression of Notch2 was tested in 47 pairs of tissues from tongue cancer and normal samples by using immunohistochemical staining. Tongue cancer cells were transfected with siRNA or plasmid. The proliferation of the cells was tested by the CCK8 assay and colony formation assay. Subcutaneous tumor model was established to observe tumor growth. Transwell assay was used to detect the changes of cell migration and invasion ability. A humanized anti-Notch2 antibody was used to TSCC cells. We found that Notch2 was upregulated in tongue carcinoma tissues. Knocking down the expression of Notch2 by siRNA in the TSCC cell lines decreased proliferation ability both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, migration and invasion abilities were inhibited by knockdown of Notch2 in the TSCC cells. However, overexpression of Notch2 increased tongue cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration. The humanized anti-Notch2 antibody inhibited TSCC cell growth. The results indicated that Notch2 is an oncogene in tongue squamous cell carcinoma and may become the target of a new approach for treating TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Huan Gan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou, 350000, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xue Yuan Road, University Town, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Rd, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Li-Song Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cha Zhong Road, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Dan-Ping Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou, 350000, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xue Yuan Road, Shang Jie Town, Min Hou County, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Lin-Can Ding
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou, 350000, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Rd, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Da-Li Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Rd, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
| | - You-Guang Lu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 246 Yang Qiao Middle Road, Fuzhou, 350000, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Rd, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
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18
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Chestnut C, Subramaniam D, Dandawate P, Padhye S, Taylor J, Weir S, Anant S. Targeting Major Signaling Pathways of Bladder Cancer with Phytochemicals: A Review. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2249-2271. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1856895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Connor Chestnut
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Prasad Dandawate
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Subhash Padhye
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Research Academy, University of Pune, Pune, India
| | - John Taylor
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Scott Weir
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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19
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The oncogenic role of Jagged1/Notch signaling in cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110416. [PMID: 32593969 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Notch signaling plays an oncogenic role in cancer development. Jagged1 (JAG1) is an important Notch ligand that triggers Notch signaling through cell-cell interactions. JAG1 overexpression has been reported in many different types of cancer and correlates with a poor clinical prognosis. JAG1/Notch signaling controls oncogenic processes in different cell types and cellular contexts. Furthermore, JAG1/Notch signaling cascades activate a number of oncogenic factors that regulate cellular functions such as proliferation, metastasis, drug-resistance, and angiogenesis. To suppress the severe toxicity of pan-Notch inhibitors, JAG1 is attracting increasing attention as a source of therapeutic targets for cancers. In this review, the oncogenic role of JAG1/Notch signaling in cancer is discussed, as well as implications of strategies to inhibit JAG1/Notch signaling activity.
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20
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Torab P, Yan Y, Yamashita H, Warrick JI, Raman JD, DeGraff DJ, Wong PK. Three-Dimensional Microtumors for Probing Heterogeneity of Invasive Bladder Cancer. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8768-8775. [PMID: 32579350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is an increasingly common malignancy, and muscle invasive bladder cancer is associated with particularly high rates of morbidity and mortality. The morphologic and molecular diversity of bladder cancer poses significant challenges in elucidating the invasion mechanisms responsible for disease progression. Furthermore, conventional invasion assays do not provide a physiological context for studying bladder cancer invasion within 3D microenvironments and have limited ability to capture the contribution of cellular phenotypic heterogeneity to disease progression. Here, we describe the development of a 3D microtumor invasion model suitable for the analysis of cellular phenotypic heterogeneity in cell lines and primary tumor cells from bladder cancer patients. This model incorporates a self-assembly approach for recapitulating features of bladder cancer invasion in 3D microenvironments and probing the invasive cell subpopulations. The gene expression profiles of invading microtumors were analyzed by incorporating a gold nanorod-locked nucleic acid biosensor. The incorporation of the single cell biosensor and transient gene knockdown into the system revealed the formation of invasive leader cells with upregulated Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) expression as well as the role of NOTCH1-DLL4 signaling in collective bladder cancer invasion. The involvement of DLL4 expressing cells in bladder cancer invasion was also observed in patient samples obtained from transurethral resection. Collectively, our study demonstrates a 3D microtumor invasion model for investigating intracellular heterogeneity of bladder cancer invasion and analyzing patient derived samples toward personalized medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Torab
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 137 Reber Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Yue Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 122 Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Hironobu Yamashita
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Joshua I Warrick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States.,Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 200 Campus Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Jay D Raman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 200 Campus Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - David J DeGraff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States.,Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 200 Campus Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 400 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 137 Reber Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 122 Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.,Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 200 Campus Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
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21
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Shi YR, Wu Z, Xiong K, Liao QJ, Ye X, Yang P, Zu XB. Circular RNA circKIF4A Sponges miR-375/1231 to Promote Bladder Cancer Progression by Upregulating NOTCH2 Expression. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:605. [PMID: 32457613 PMCID: PMC7225260 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found to be important mediators of many biological processes in the growth and metastasis of various cancers. However, the potential roles of most circRNAs in the progression of bladder cancer remain unclear. In this research, we investigate the role of circKIF4A (hsa_circ_0007255) in the development and progression of bladder cancer. Detected by qRT-PCR analysis, circKIF4A was significantly upregulated in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines. We conducted CCK-8, colony-formation, transwell and mouse xenograft assays to explore the function of circKIF4A in bladder cancer. Functionally, knockdown of circKIF4A inhibited the proliferation and colony-formation ability of bladder cancer cells. Migration and metastatic ability were dramatically decreased after transfection with small interfering RNA targeting circKIF4A in both in vitro and in vivo assays. Mechanically, luciferase reporter assays and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were carried out to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of circKIF4A. The results revealed that circKIF4A sponges miR-375/1231 to promote bladder cancer progression by upregulating NOTCH2. Generally, our research unveils the essential role of circKIF4A-miR-375/1231-NOTCH2 axis in bladder cancer progression possibly via the competing endogenous RNA mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Rui Shi
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian-Jin Liao
- Central Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiong-Bing Zu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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22
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Zhou Z, Cui D, Sun MH, Huang JL, Deng Z, Han BM, Sun XW, Xia SJ, Sun F, Shi F. CAFs-derived MFAP5 promotes bladder cancer malignant behavior through NOTCH2/HEY1 signaling. FASEB J 2020; 34:7970-7988. [PMID: 32293074 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902659r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are an important component of the tumor microenvironment and contribute to tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Microfibrillar-associated protein 5 (MFAP5), a component of elastic microfibers and an oncogenic protein in several types of tumors, is secreted by CAFs. However, the role of MFAP5 in the bladder cancer remains unclear. Here, we report that MFAP5 is upregulated in bladder cancer and is associated with poor patient survival. Downregulation of MFAP5 in CAFs led to an impairment in proliferation and invasion of bladder cancer cells. Luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) showed QKI directly downregulates MFAP5 in CAFs. In addition, CAFs-derived MFAP5 led to an activation of the NOTCH2/HEY1 signaling pathway through direct interaction with the NOTCH2 receptor, thereby stimulating the N2ICD release. RNA-sequencing revealed that MFAP5-mediated PI3K-AKT signaling activated the DLL4/NOTCH2 pathway axis in bladder cancer. Moreover, downregulation of NOTCH2 by short hairpin RNA or the inactivating anti-body NRR2Mab was able to reverse the adverse effects of MFAP5 stimulation in vitro and in vivo. Together, these results demonstrate CAFs-derived MFAP5 promotes the bladder cancer proliferation and metastasis and provides new insight for targeting CAFs as novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Cui
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Hao Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Lang Huang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Deng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bang-Min Han
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Jie Xia
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Mokkapati S, Porten SP, Narayan VM, Lim AH, Jayaratna IS, Roth B, Cheng T, Navai N, Wszolek M, Melquist J, Manyam G, Choi W, Broom B, Pretzsch S, Czerniak B, McConkey DJ, Dinney CPN. TCF21 Promotes Luminal-Like Differentiation and Suppresses Metastasis in Bladder Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:811-821. [PMID: 32122956 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Little is known regarding the subclone evolution process in advanced bladder cancer, particularly with respect to the genomic alterations that lead to the development of metastatic lesions. In this project, we identify gene expression signatures associated with metastatic bladder cancer through mRNA expression profiling of RNA isolated from 33 primary bladder cancer and corresponding lymph node (LN) metastasis samples. Gene expression profiling (GEP) was performed on RNA isolated using the Illumina DASL platform. We identified the developmental transcription factor TCF21 as being significantly higher in primary bladder cancer compared with LN metastasis samples. To elucidate its function in bladder cancer, loss- and gain-of-function experiments were conducted in bladder cancer cell lines with high and low expression of TCF21, respectively. We also performed GEP in bladder cancer cell lines following TCF21 overexpression. We identified 2,390 genes differentially expressed in primary bladder cancer and corresponding LN metastasis pairs at an FDR cutoff of 0.1 and a fold change of 1. Among those significantly altered, expression of TCF21 was higher in the primary tumor compared with LN metastasis. We validated this finding with qPCR and IHC on patient samples. Moreover, TCF21 expression was higher in luminal cell lines and knockdown of TCF21 increased invasion, tumor cell dissemination, and metastasis. In contrast, overexpression of TCF21 in highly metastatic basal bladder cancer cell lines decreased their invasive and metastatic potential. IMPLICATIONS: TCF21 is differentially overexpressed in primary bladder cancer compared with matched LN metastasis, with in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating a metastasis suppressor function of this transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharada Mokkapati
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sima P Porten
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Vikram M Narayan
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Amy H Lim
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Isuru S Jayaratna
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Beat Roth
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Urology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tiewei Cheng
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Neema Navai
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew Wszolek
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan Melquist
- Department of Urology, Baptist MD Anderson Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Ganiraju Manyam
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Woonyoung Choi
- Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bradley Broom
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shanna Pretzsch
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bogdan Czerniak
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David J McConkey
- Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Colin P N Dinney
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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24
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Emerging Roles of Cancer Stem Cells in Bladder Cancer Progression, Tumorigenesis, and Resistance to Chemotherapy: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Bladder Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010235. [PMID: 31963556 PMCID: PMC7016964 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a complex and highly heterogeneous stem cell disease associated with high morbidity and mortality rates if it is not treated properly. Early diagnosis with personalized therapy and regular follow-up are the keys to a successful outcome. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the leading power behind tumor growth, with the ability of self-renewal, metastasis, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. The fast-developing CSC field with robust genome-wide screening methods has found a platform for establishing more reliable therapies to target tumor-initiating cell populations. However, the high heterogeneity of the CSCs in BC disease remains a large issue. Therefore, in the present review, we discuss the various types of bladder CSC heterogeneity, important regulatory pathways, roles in tumor progression and tumorigenesis, and the experimental culture models. Finally, we describe the current stem cell-based therapies for BC disease.
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25
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Shen Y, Lu Q, Ye H, Deng Z, Ma L, Zhang Q, Tang J, Yuan L. Genetic variant of MAML2 in the NOTCH signaling pathway and the risk of bladder cancer: A STROBE-compliant study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18725. [PMID: 31914088 PMCID: PMC6959859 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The NOTCH signaling pathway plays a crucial role in cell phenotype and transformation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may regulate gene expression to trigger bladder cancer susceptibility. Here, we aimed to explore the relationships between genetic variants in the NOTCH pathway and bladder cancer progression.We screened SNPs located in NOTCH pathway genes using the 1000 Genomes Project dataset (CHB). A case-control cohort study including 580 bladder cancer cases and 1101 controls was conducted to genotype the candidate SNPs. The expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) and bioinformatics analyses were performed to explore the biological function of the SNPs' host gene and their relationship. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to assess the association between host gene expression and bladder cancer patient prognosis.The rs7944701 in the intron of mastermind-like 2 (MAML2) had the strongest signal and was related to bladder cancer risk (OR = 1.329, 95% CI = 1.115-1.583, P = .001). eQTL analysis showed that rs7944701 with a C allele was negatively associated with mastermind-like 2 (MAML2) expression (TT versus TC/CC). Bioinformatics analysis indicated that MAML2expression was lower in bladder cancer tissues than in non-tumor tissues (P = 5.46 × 10). Additionally, bladder cancer patients with high MAML2 expression had a significantly poorer prognosis (HR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.29-1.82, P = .010).The rs7944701 in MAML2 was strongly associated with bladder cancer susceptibility in a Chinese population. This genetic variant and its host gene could be a potential novel biomarker for individuals suffering from bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine
- Urological Tumor Department, Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Clinical Research
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine
- Urological Tumor Department, Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Clinical Research
| | - Hesong Ye
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Second Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhonglei Deng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine
- Urological Tumor Department, Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Clinical Research
| | - Long Ma
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine
- Urological Tumor Department, Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Clinical Research
| | - Qingling Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine
- Urological Tumor Department, Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Clinical Research
| | - Jingyuan Tang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine
- Urological Tumor Department, Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Clinical Research
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine
- Urological Tumor Department, Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Clinical Research
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26
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Guan C, He L, Chang Z, Gu X, Liang J, Liu R. ZNF774 is a potent suppressor of hepatocarcinogenesis through dampening the NOTCH2 signaling. Oncogene 2019; 39:1665-1680. [PMID: 31659254 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Discerning oncogenic drivers from passengers remain a major effort in understanding of the essence of the initiation and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is the most common primary liver malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Here we report that ZNF774, a novel zinc-finger protein, inhibits the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells. Molecular characterization of this protein indicated that ZNF774 acts as a transcription repressor, and interrogation of ZNF774 interactome by affinity purification-coupled mass spectrometry revealed that ZNF774 is physically associated with the Mi-2/nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex in cells. Genome-wide identification of the transcriptional targets of the ZNF774/NuRD complex by ChIP-seq indicated that ZNF774 represses a cohort of genes including NOTCH2 that are critically involved in the growth and mobility of HCC. We demonstrated that the ZNF774/NuRD complex inhibits the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells in vitro and suppresses HCC growth and metastasis in vivo. Importantly, the expression of ZNF774 is significantly downregulated in HCC, and low ZNF774 expression strongly correlated with high NOTCH2 expression, advanced pathological stages, and poor overall survival of the patients. Together, these results uncover a key role for the ZNF774/NuRD-NOTCH2 axis in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjian Guan
- General Surgery Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.,Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Oncology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhenyu Chang
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Oncology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xinjin Gu
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Oncology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, 100853, China. .,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgical Oncology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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27
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Lu E, Feng F, Wen W, Tong X, Li X, Xiao L, Li G, Wang J, Zhang C. Notch signaling inhibition induces G0/G1 arrest in murine Leydig cells. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13413. [PMID: 31523838 DOI: 10.1111/and.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a highly evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway, Notch widely participates in cell-fate decisions and the development of various tissues and organs. In male reproduction, research on the Notch signaling pathway has mainly concentrated on germ cells and Sertoli cells. Leydig cells are the primary producers of testosterone and play important roles in spermatogenesis and maintaining secondary sexual characteristics. In this study, we used TM3 cells, a murine adult Leydig cell line, to investigate the expression profiles of Notch receptors and ligands and observe the effect of Notch signaling on the proliferation of TM3 cells. We found that Notch 1-3 and the ligands Dll-1 and Dll-4 were expressed in TM3 cells, Notch 1-3 and the ligand Dll-1 were expressed in testis interstitial Leydig cells, and Notch signaling inhibition suppressed the proliferation of TM3 cells and induced G0/G1 arrest. Inhibition of Notch signaling increased the expression of p21Waf1/Cip1 and p27. Overall, our results suggest that Notch inhibition suppresses the proliferation of TM3 cells and P21Waf1/Cip1 , and p27 may contribute to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhang Lu
- Joint Programme of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, Jiangxi Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fen Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangxi Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Weihui Wen
- Department of Microbiology, Jiangxi Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiating Tong
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangxi Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangxi Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangxi Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangxi Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Jiangxi Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunping Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangxi Medicine School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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28
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Wang Y, Zhong Y, Hou T, Liao J, Zhang C, Sun C, Wang G. PM2.5 induces EMT and promotes CSC properties by activating Notch pathway in vivo and vitro. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 178:159-167. [PMID: 31002970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been closely linked to increased morbidity and mortality of lung cancer worldwide. However, the role of PM2.5 in the etiology of lung cancer and the mechanism involved in PM2.5 induced lung cancer are largely unknown. In this study, we performed chronic exposure animal model to investigate the carcinogenetic mechanisms of PM2.5 by targeting the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSC) properties through Notch1 signal pathway. The antagonism of Notch1 signal pathway was carried out in vitro cell lines of A549 and BEAS-2B to block EMT and CSC. We found that chronic PM2.5 exposure mice lung tissue pathology showed atypical hyperplasia of bronchiolar epithelium. Then, we discovered that chronic PM2.5 exposure induced notable EMT event and obvious CSC properties indicating the developing process of cell malignant behaviors. EMT characterized with decreased protein expression of E-cadherin and increased protein expression of Vimentin. CSC properties induced by chronic PM2.5 exposure characterized with increased cell-surface markers (ABCG2 and ALDH1A1) and self-renewal genes (SOX2 and OCT4). Furthermore, PM2.5 exposure activate Notch signal pathway by increasing expression of Notch1 and Hes1. At last, we blocked Notch signal pathway by inhibitor RO4929097 in vitro to explore the underlying mechanism mediating PM2.5 induced EMT and CSC. We found that blocking Notch1 could prevent PM2.5 induced malignant behaviors including EMT and CSC in A549 and BEAS-2B. These data revealed that the induction of EMT and CSC properties were involved in the lung cancer risk of PM2.5 in vivo, and blocking-up Notch1 may negatively regulate EMT and CSC to suppress the invasion and migration in vitro, thereby putatively serving as a novel therapeutic target for PM2.5 induced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yijue Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Tianfang Hou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiping Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Guangfa Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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29
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Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: A Strategy for Effective Eradication of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050732. [PMID: 31137841 PMCID: PMC6562442 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulations of tumor cells with the ability to self-renew, differentiate, and initiate and maintain tumor growth, and they are considered to be the main drivers of intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity. While conventional chemotherapy can eradicate the majority of non-CSC tumor cells, CSCs are often drug-resistant, leading to tumor recurrence and metastasis. The heterogeneity of CSCs is the main challenge in developing CSC-targeting therapy; therefore, we and other investigators have focused on developing novel therapeutic strategies that combine conventional chemotherapy with inhibitors of CSC-regulating pathways. Encouraging preclinical findings have suggested that CSC pathway blockade can indeed enhance cellular sensitivity to non-targeted conventional therapy, and this work has led to several ongoing clinical trials of CSC pathway inhibitors. Our studies in bladder cancer and lung adenocarcinoma have demonstrated a crucial role of YAP1, a transcriptional regulator of genes that promote cell survival and proliferation, in regulating CSC phenotypes. Moreover, using cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models, we showed that inhibition of YAP1 enhances the efficacy of conventional therapies by attenuating CSC stemness features. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic strategies for targeting CSCs in several cancers and discuss the potential and challenges of the approach.
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30
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Wu X, Chen B, Shi H, Zhou J, Zhou F, Cao J, Sun X. miR-758-3p suppresses human bladder cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting NOTCH2. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:4273-4278. [PMID: 30988799 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are widely involved in regulating tumor development and progression. miR-758-3p has been reported to suppress the progression of various cancer types, including hepatocellular carcinoma. However, whether miR-758-3p has a role in bladder cancer (BC) has not been previously reported, and was thus investigated in the present study. It was revealed that miR-758-3p was downregulated in BC tissues and cell lines. Transfection with miR-758-3p mimics suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of BC cells, and inhibition of miR-758-3p had the opposite effect. In terms of the underlying mechanisms, a luciferase reporter assay revealed that Notch receptor 2 (NOTCH2) is a direct target gene of miR-758-3p in BC cells. Transfection with miR-758-3p mimics decreased the mRNA and protein levels of NOTCH2. Furthermore, an inverse correlation between miR-758-3p and NOTCH2 levels was identified. Finally, overexpression of NOTCH2 significantly rescued the proliferation, migration and invasion of BC cells transfected with miR-758-3p mimics. Taken together, the present study indicated that miR-758-3p suppresses BC cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting NOTCH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wu
- Department of Urology Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Urology Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Shi
- Department of Urology Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Department of Urology Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Urology Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Urology Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaosong Sun
- Department of Urology Surgery, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei College of Arts and Sciences, Xiangyang, Hubei 441021, P.R. China
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31
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Wu XZ, Cui HP, Lv HJ, Feng L. Knockdown of lncRNA PVT1 inhibits retinoblastoma progression by sponging miR-488-3p. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108627. [PMID: 30797143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a regulatory role in the pathogenesis and progression of retinoblastoma (RB). lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) is highly expressed in a plenty of tumors, and is believed to serve as an oncogene. However, the expression, roles, and action mechanisms of PVT1 in the carcinogenesis and progression of RB are still largely unknown. In this study, we found that PVT1 was upregulated in RB tissues and cell lines. PVT1 levels correlated with optic nerve invasion, and intraocular international retinoblastoma classify (IIRC) stage. In addition, the results demonstrated that patients with RB who showed higher expression of PVT1 had worse overall survivals. In WERI-Rb1 and Y79 cells, PVT1 silencing significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle progression and induced cell apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, in vivo xenograft assay indicated that PVT1 knockdown suppressed the tumor volume and tumor weight. The analysis of the mechanisms of action revealed that the reduction of PVT1 inhibited the expression of notch2 by upregulating miR-488-3p. In general, our results demonstrated that PVT1 may be a novel biomarker for prognosis and a new target for the treatment of RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Zhi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Henan Province, 463000, China.
| | - Hong-Pei Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Eye Hospital & Henan Eye Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Province, 450003, China
| | - Hai-Jiang Lv
- Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450046, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450008, China
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32
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Pisamai S, Roytrakul S, Phaonakrop N, Jaresitthikunchai J, Suriyaphol G. Proteomic analysis of canine oral tumor tissues using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and in-gel digestion coupled with mass spectrometry (GeLC MS/MS) approaches. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200619. [PMID: 30001383 PMCID: PMC6042759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral tumors, including highly invasive and metastatic oral melanoma (OM), non-tonsillar oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and benign tumors (BN), are common neoplasms in dogs. Although these tumors behave differently, limited data of their protein expression profiles have been exhibited, particularly at the proteome level. The present study aimed to i.) characterize peptide-mass fingerprints (PMFs) and identify potential protein candidates of OM, OSCC, BN and normal control subjects, using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), ii.) identify potential protein candidates associated with the diseases, using in-gel digestion coupled with mass spectrometric analysis (GeLC-MS/MS) and iii.) search for relationships between chemotherapy drugs and disease-perturbed proteins. A distinct cluster of each sample group and unique PMFs with identified protein candidates were revealed. The unique peptide fragment at 2,274 Da of sacsin molecular chaperone (SACS) was observed in early-stage OM whereas the fragment at 1,958 Da of sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10 (SCN10A) was presented in early- and late-stage OM. The peptide mass at 2,316 Da of Notch1 appeared in early-stage OM and benign oral tumors while the peptide mass at 2,505 Da of glutamate ionotropic receptor N-methyl-D-aspartate type subunit 3A (GRIN3A) was identified in all groups. Markedly expressed proteins from GeLC-MS/MS included Jumonji domain containing 1C (JMJD1C) in benign tumors, inversin (INVS) and rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 28 (ARHGEF28) in OM, BTB domain-containing 16 (BTBD16) in OSCC, and protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1 (PTPN1), BRCA2, DNA repair associated (BRCA2), WW domain binding protein 2 (WBP2), purinergic receptor P2Y1 and proteasome activator subunit 4 (PSME4) in all cancerous groups. The network connections between these proteins and chemotherapy drugs, cisplatin and doxorubicin, were also demonstrated. In conclusion, this study unveiled the unique PMFs and novel candidate protein markers of canine oral tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirinun Pisamai
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Companion Animal Cancer Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Narumon Phaonakrop
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Janthima Jaresitthikunchai
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, Genome Institute, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Gunnaporn Suriyaphol
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Companion Animal Cancer Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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