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Morise M, Kato T, Matsumoto S, Inoue T, Sakamoto T, Tokito T, Atagi S, Kozuki T, Takeoka H, Chikamori K, Shinagawa N, Tanaka H, Horii E, Adrian S, Bruns R, Johne A, Paik PK, Sakai H. Long-term experience with tepotinib in Japanese patients with MET exon 14 skipping NSCLC from the Phase II VISION study. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1296-1305. [PMID: 38402853 PMCID: PMC11006997 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Tepotinib is a highly selective MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that has demonstrated robust and durable clinical activity in patients with MET exon 14 (METex14) skipping non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the Phase II VISION study, patients received oral tepotinib 500 mg once daily. The primary endpoint was an objective response by an independent review committee (IRC) according to RECIST v1.1 criteria. The secondary endpoints included duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Here we report the analysis of the efficacy and safety of tepotinib in all Japanese patients with advanced METex14 skipping NSCLC from VISION (n = 38) with >18 months' follow-up. The median age of the Japanese patients was 73 years (range 63-88), 39.5% of patients were ≥75 years old, 68.4% were male, 55.3% had a history of smoking, 76.3% had adenocarcinoma, and 10.5% of patients had known brain metastases at baseline. Overall, the objective response rate (ORR) was 60.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 43.4, 76.0) with a median DOR of 18.5 months (95% CI: 8.3, not estimable). ORR in treatment-naïve patients (n = 18) was 77.8% (95% CI: 52.4, 93.6), and in patients aged ≥75 years (n = 15), ORR was 73.3% (95% CI: 44.9, 92.2). The most common treatment-related adverse event (AE) with any grade was blood creatinine increase (65.8%), which resolved following tepotinib discontinuation. Other common treatment-related AEs were peripheral edema (60.5%), hypoalbuminemia (34.2%), diarrhea (28.9%), and nausea (15.8%). In summary, tepotinib demonstrated robust and durable clinical activity irrespective of age or therapy line, with a manageable safety profile in Japanese patients with METex14 skipping NSCLC enrolled in VISION.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Morise
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Terufumi Kato
- Department of Thoracic OncologyKanagawa Cancer CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Department of Thoracic OncologyNational Cancer Center Hospital EastKashiwaJapan
| | - Takako Inoue
- Department of Thoracic OncologyOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Tomohiro Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory MedicineTottori University HospitalYonago CityJapan
| | - Takaaki Tokito
- Department of Internal MedicineKurume University School of MedicineKurume CityJapan
| | - Shinji Atagi
- Health Management CenterJCHO Yamatokoriyama HospitalYamatokoriyamaJapan
| | - Toshiyuki Kozuki
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and MedicineNational Hospital Organization Shikoku Cancer CenterMatsuyama CityJapan
| | - Hiroaki Takeoka
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNHO Kyushu Medical CenterFukuoka CityJapan
| | - Kenichi Chikamori
- Department of OncologyNHO Yamaguchi ‐ Ube Medical CenterUbe CityJapan
| | - Naofumi Shinagawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of MedicineHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Internal MedicineNiigata Cancer Center HospitalNiigata CityJapan
| | - Eisuke Horii
- Medical DepartmentMerck Biopharma Co., Ltd. (an affiliate of Merck KGaA)TokyoJapan
| | - Svenja Adrian
- Global Clinical DevelopmentMerck Healthcare KGaADarmstadtGermany
| | - Rolf Bruns
- Department of BiostatisticsMerck Healthcare KGaADarmstadtGermany
| | - Andreas Johne
- Global Clinical DevelopmentMerck Healthcare KGaADarmstadtGermany
| | - Paul K. Paik
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology ServiceMemorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Hiroshi Sakai
- Department of Thoracic OncologySaitama Cancer CenterKitaadachi‐gunJapan
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Suzuki Y, Sato Y. Vasohibin-2-Targeting Therapies for the Treatment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2024; 262:163-171. [PMID: 38220168 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2023.j109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
As pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is extremely malignant and refractory, therapeutic options for this cancer are anticipated worldwide. We isolated vasohihibin-2 (VASH2) and observed its overexpression in various types of cancer. We then noticed that upregulated expression of VASH2 in patients with PDAC resulted in a conspicuous reduction in the postoperative survival period and further revealed that the abrogation of Vash2 expression in pancreatic cancer cells inhibited its growth and metastasis and augmented tumor infiltration of CD8+ cells in the mouse model. We developed VASH2-targeting therapies, 2',4'-BNA-based antisense oligonucleotide targeting VASH2 (VASH2-ASO) as a nucleotide-based therapy, and VASH2-peptide vaccine as an antibody-based therapy. We also showed that the VASH2-peptide vaccine inhibited PDAC metastasis in an orthotopic mouse model. Here, we expanded our analysis of the efficacy of VASH2-targeting therapies for PDAC. VASH2-ASO treatment inhibited the growth of primary tumors by reducing tumor angiogenesis, normalizing tumor vessels, preventing ascites accumulation and distant metastasis to the liver and lungs, and augmenting the infiltration of CD8+ cells in metastatic tumors. VASH2-peptide vaccine did not affect the infiltration of CD8+ cells into tumors. The present study revealed that VASH2-targeting therapies are promising options for the treatment of PDAC. VASH2-ASO therapy can be administered at any stage of PDAC. Because of the increase of CD8+ cell infiltration, the combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors may be an attractive option. The VASH2-peptide vaccine therapy may be useful for preventing metastasis and/or recurrence after successful initial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Suzuki
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University
| | - Yasufumi Sato
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University
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Osoegawa A, Karashima T, Takumi Y, Sato T, Abe M, Hashimoto T, Sugio K. Osimertinib as first-line treatment for recurrent lung cancer patients with EGFR mutation. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:5566-5573. [PMID: 37969303 PMCID: PMC10636461 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Although osimertinib was approved as adjuvant therapy for lung cancer patients with EGFR mutation in various countries, there is still some ongoing debate as osimertinib has been approved based on disease-free survival (DFS) rather than overall survival (OS). We curated a case series in which we documented patterns of recurrence and efficacy and safety of osimertinib after recurrence. Methods Patients who received osimertinib as first-line treatment for postoperative recurrence between September 2018 and January 2023 were included. Clinicopathological factors, duration of osimertinib treatment (DoT), and adverse events were collected and analyzed. Results Twenty patients received osimertinib [male, n=6; median age, 75 years (range, 55-85 years)]. The EGFR mutation type was L858R in 11 patients and exon 19 deletion in eight patients. The performance status (PS) was 0 or 1 in all but two patients, who had symptomatic brain metastasis and were therefore PS 3. The first site of postoperative recurrence was locoregional in five patients and distant in 15 patients, including seven with brain metastasis. As of February 2023, 10 patients were still on osimertinib, including three with brain metastasis. Patients with brain metastasis or poor PS had a considerably shorter DoT than their counterparts. Three patients with symptomatic brain metastasis or leptomeningeal metastasis initially responded to osimertinib, but all died of disease progression. Five patients discontinued osimertinib due to serious adverse effects (pneumonitis, drug eruption, and heart failure). Conclusions Although osimertinib exerts great disease control, even in patients with brain metastasis or poor PS, their presence was associated with a poor prognosis, even with osimertinib treatment. Therefore, adjuvant osimertinib is recommended unless contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Osoegawa
- Department of Thoracic and Breast Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Takashi Karashima
- Department of Thoracic and Breast Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Yohei Takumi
- Department of Thoracic and Breast Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Department of Thoracic and Breast Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Miyuki Abe
- Department of Thoracic and Breast Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hashimoto
- Department of Thoracic and Breast Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugio
- Department of Thoracic and Breast Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
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Higami S, Mukai M, Yokoyama D, Uda S, Abe R, Mamuro N, Kishima K, Hasegawa S, Tajima T, Nomura E, Makuuchi H. A single-center retrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of a modified regimen of irinotecan plus S-1 (IRIS) with molecular targeting agents as second-line chemotherapy in Japanese patients with recurrent or nonresectable colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 14:663-675. [PMID: 37201062 PMCID: PMC10186548 DOI: 10.21037/jgo-22-899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As the second-line chemotherapy for stage IV recurrent or nonresectable colorectal cancer, our hospital started a modified treatment regimen comprising of irinotecan plus S-1 (IRIS) [tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil (S-1)] plus molecular targeting agents (MTAs), i.e., an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor such as panitumumab (P-mab) or cetuximab (C-mab) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor such as bevacizumab (B-mab) since October 2012. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this modified regimen. Methods This retrospective study included 41 patients with advanced recurrent colorectal cancer at our hospital whom at least 3 courses of chemotherapy were conducted from January 2015 to December 2021. Based on the location of the primary tumor, patients were classified into two group (right-sided group, proximal to the splenic curve, and left-sided, distal to the splenic curve). We assessed archived data on RAS and BRAF status and UGT1A1 polymorphisms and use of the VEGF inhibitor bevacizumab (B-mab) and the EGFR inhibitors panitumumab (P-mab) and cetuximab (C-mab). In addition, progression-free survival rate (36M-PFS) and the overall survival rate (36M-OS) were calculated. Furthermore, the respective median survival time (MST), the median number of treatment courses; the objective response rate (ORR) and clinical benefit rate (CBR) and the incidence of adverse events (AEs) were assessed as well. Results There were 11 patients (26.8%) in the right-sided group, and 30 patients (73.2%) in the left-sided group. There were 19 patients with RAS wild type (46.3%) (1 in the right sided group and 18 in the left sided group). P-mab was used for 16 of these patients (84.2%), C-mab for 2 (10.5%), and B-mab for 1 (5.3%); the remaining 22 patients (53.7%). Ten patients in the right group and 12 patients in the left group were a mutated type and received B-mab. BRAF testing was performed in 17 patients (41.5%); as more than 50% of patients (58.5%) were included before the assay's introduction. Five patients in the right-sided group and 12 patients in the left-sided group had wild type. There was no mutated type. UGT1A1 polymorphism was tested in 16/41 patients: Eight were wild type (8/41 patients, 19.5%) and 8, mutated type. Regarding the *6/*28 double heterozygous type, there was only 1 patient in the right-sided group and the remaining 7 patients were in the left-sided group. The total number of chemotherapy courses was 299, and the median number, 6.0 (range, 3-20). PFS, OS, and MST were as follows: 36M-PFS (total/Rt/Lt), 6.2%/0.0%/8.5% (MST; 7.6/6.3/8.9 months); and 36M-OS (total/Rt/Lt), 32.1%/0.0%/44.0% (MST; 22.1/18.8/28.6 months). The ORR and CBR were 24.4% and 75.6%, respectively. The majority of AEs were grades 1 or 2 and were improved with conservative treatment. Grade 3 leukopenia was observed in 2 cases (4.9%), neutropenia in 4 cases (9.8%), and malaise/nausea/diarrhea/perforation in 1 case each (2.4%). Grade 3 leukopenia (2 patients) and neutropenia (3 patients) were more commonly observed in the left-sided group. Diarrhea and perforation were also common in the left-sided group. Conclusions This second-line modified IRIS regimen with MTAs is safe and effective and results in good PFS and OS.
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Taniguchi G, Kajino K, Momose S, Saeki H, Yue L, Ohtsuji N, Abe M, Shibuya T, Orimo A, Nagahara A, Watanabe S, Hino O. The Inhibitory Effects of Anti-ERC/Mesothelin Antibody 22A31 on Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells, within a Mouse Xenograft Model. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092198. [PMID: 35565327 PMCID: PMC9101225 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The expression of Renal Carcinoma (ERC)/mesothelin is overexpressed in malignancies such as mesothelioma, pancreatic cancer, and ovarian cancer, and molecular-targeted therapies against ERC/mesothelin have been developed to treat them. Recently, it was revealed that ERC/mesothelin is also expressed in colorectal cancer; thus, this protein is expected to be a therapeutic target in colorectal cancer. In this study, we demonstrated that anti-ERC/mesothelin antibody 22A31 suppressed the growth of colorectal cancer cells subcutaneously xenografted on the back of mice. This is the first report to show the effectiveness of an anti-ERC/mesothelin antibody for the treatment of colorectal cancer in vivo. Abstract The expression of Renal Carcinoma (ERC)/mesothelin is enhanced in a variety of cancers. ERC/mesothelin contributes to cancer progression by modulating cell signals that regulate proliferation and apoptosis. Based on such biological insights, ERC/mesothelin has become a molecular target for the treatment of mesothelioma, pancreatic cancer, and ovarian cancer. Recent studies revealed about 50–60% of colorectal adenocarcinomas also express ERC/mesothelin. Therefore, colorectal cancer can also be a potential target of the treatment using an anti-ERC/mesothelin antibody. We previously demonstrated an anti-tumor effect of anti-ERC antibody 22A31 against mesothelioma. In this study, we investigated the effect of 22A31 on a colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, HCT116. The cells were xenografted into BALB/c nu/nu mice. All mice were randomly allocated to either an antibody treatment group with 22A31 or isotype-matched control IgG1κ. We compared the volume of subsequent tumors, and tumors were pathologically assessed by immunohistochemistry. Tumors treated with 22A31 were significantly smaller than those treated with IgG1κ and contained significantly fewer mitotic cells with Ki67 staining. We demonstrated that 22A31 exhibited a growth inhibitory property on HCT116. Our results implied that ERC/mesothelin-targeted therapy might be a promising treatment for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gentaro Taniguchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (G.T.); (L.Y.); (N.O.); (M.A.); (A.O.); (O.H.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (T.S.); (A.N.); (S.W.)
| | - Kazunori Kajino
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (G.T.); (L.Y.); (N.O.); (M.A.); (A.O.); (O.H.)
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Shuji Momose
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, 1981 Kamoda, Kawagoe 350-8550, Japan;
| | - Harumi Saeki
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
| | - Liang Yue
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (G.T.); (L.Y.); (N.O.); (M.A.); (A.O.); (O.H.)
| | - Naomi Ohtsuji
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (G.T.); (L.Y.); (N.O.); (M.A.); (A.O.); (O.H.)
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
| | - Masaaki Abe
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (G.T.); (L.Y.); (N.O.); (M.A.); (A.O.); (O.H.)
| | - Tomoyoshi Shibuya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (T.S.); (A.N.); (S.W.)
| | - Akira Orimo
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (G.T.); (L.Y.); (N.O.); (M.A.); (A.O.); (O.H.)
| | - Akihito Nagahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (T.S.); (A.N.); (S.W.)
| | - Sumio Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (T.S.); (A.N.); (S.W.)
| | - Okio Hino
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (G.T.); (L.Y.); (N.O.); (M.A.); (A.O.); (O.H.)
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Abugomaa A, Elbadawy M, Yamawaki H, Usui T, Sasaki K. Emerging Roles of Cancer Stem Cells in Bladder Cancer Progression, Tumorigenesis, and Resistance to Chemotherapy: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Bladder Cancer. Cells. 2020;9. [PMID: 31963556 PMCID: PMC7016964 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a complex and highly heterogeneous stem cell disease associated with high morbidity and mortality rates if it is not treated properly. Early diagnosis with personalized therapy and regular follow-up are the keys to a successful outcome. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the leading power behind tumor growth, with the ability of self-renewal, metastasis, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. The fast-developing CSC field with robust genome-wide screening methods has found a platform for establishing more reliable therapies to target tumor-initiating cell populations. However, the high heterogeneity of the CSCs in BC disease remains a large issue. Therefore, in the present review, we discuss the various types of bladder CSC heterogeneity, important regulatory pathways, roles in tumor progression and tumorigenesis, and the experimental culture models. Finally, we describe the current stem cell-based therapies for BC disease.
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Ito A, Nakanishi H, Yoshimura M, Ito S, Sakao Y, Kodera Y, Yatabe Y, Kaneda N. Dynamics of Circulating Tumor Cells Early After Targeting Therapy to Human EGFR-mutated Lung Cancers and HER2 Gene-amplified Gastric Cancers in Mice. Anticancer Res 2019; 39:4711-4720. [PMID: 31519570 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.13653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Dynamics of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) after molecular targeting therapy remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined changes in CTC numbers and morphology early after targeting therapy in EGFR-mutated PC-9 human lung cancer and HER2-gene amplified GLM-1 gastric cancer mouse CTC models using a cytology-based semi-automated CTC detection platform. RESULTS Erlotinib and T-DM1 inhibited cell growth mainly by induction of apoptosis in vitro. The number of CTCs detected 5-10 days after targeting therapy in mice was significantly increased compared to CTC numbers before therapy. The increased CTCs after therapy consisted of apoptotic CTCs and viable CTCs. This heterogeneous population of CTCs reflects well the cell population of the primary tumor disrupted by therapy. CONCLUSION CTCs can be mobilized from the primary tumor due to tissue disruption in acute response to targeting therapy, suggesting potential usefulness of CTC monitoring as a predictor of therapeutic response in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Ito
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Chubu Rousai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hayao Nakanishi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan .,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Seiji Ito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sakao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medical Technologies, Teikyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Kaneda
- Laboratory of Analytical Neurobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
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Matsuda Y, Fujii Y, Matsukawa M, Ishiwata T, Nishimura M, Arai T. Overexpression of carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 in pancreatic cancer stroma is associated with worse prognosis. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4100-4105. [PMID: 31516610 PMCID: PMC6732957 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 (CHST15) synthesizes matrix proteoglycan that regulates various pathogenic mediators and contributes to tissue remodeling and fibrosis during injury. CHST15 has been reported to promote tumor growth and invasion in various types of cancer. Our previous study reported the safety and efficacy of EUS-guided fine-needle injection (EUS-FNI) of STNM01, a double-stranded RNA oligonucleotide that specifically represses CHST15, for use in patients with pancreatic cancer. The present study aimed to determine the expression and clinicopathological characteristics of CHST15 in pancreatic cancer. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for CHST15 using pancreatic tissues from 64 patients (28 males and 36 females; age, 69.0±9.6 years) with pancreatic cancer who underwent surgery. For the evaluation of fibrosis, two categories were defined (mature and immature), based on the existence of collagen, myxoid stroma and fibroblasts, using hematoxylin and eosin specimens. The positive percentage of CHST15 was quantified, patients were divided into two groups according to high and low CHST15 expression in both the cancer and stroma tissues, and the association between CHST15 expression in cancer cells and the stroma was analyzed. Additionally, the present study analyzed the association between CHST15 expression and clinicopathological information, including overall and disease-free survival. The expression levels of CHST15 were detected in the cytoplasm of pancreatic cancer cells and fibroblasts in the cancer stroma. CHST15 expression in cancer cells was not identified to be associated with overall survival (P=0.52). However, patients with high CHST15 expression in the stroma exhibited worse overall survival compared with patients with low CHST15 expression (P=0.02). CHST15 expression in the stroma exhibited a positive association with that in cancer cells (P=0.01). High CHST15 expression in the stroma group was associated with a higher incidence of immature fibrosis (P=0.02) compared with mature fibrosis. CHST15 expression in cancer cells was associated with Union for International Cancer Control stage (P=0.02) and invasive front. Age and sex were not associated with CHST15 expression. The present study revealed that overexpression of CHST15 in stroma was associated with worse overall survival and immature fibrosis. Overexpression of CHST15 in cancer cells was associated with tumor stage. These results suggested that targeting therapy for CHST15 may be useful for stroma fibroblasts and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Matsuda
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.,Oncology Pathology, Department of Pathology and Host-Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujii
- Department of Endoscopy, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Miho Matsukawa
- Department of Endoscopy, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishimura
- Department of Endoscopy, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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Liu Y, Kanda A, Wu D, Ishizuka ET, Kase S, Noda K, Ichihara A, Ishida S. Suppression of Choroidal Neovascularization and Fibrosis by a Novel RNAi Therapeutic Agent against (Pro)renin Receptor. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2019; 17:113-125. [PMID: 31254924 PMCID: PMC6599885 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The receptor-associated prorenin system refers to the pathogenic mechanism whereby prorenin binding to (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] dually activates the tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and RAS-independent signaling, and its activation contributes to the molecular pathogenesis of various ocular diseases. We recently developed a new single-stranded RNAi agent targeting both human and mouse (P)RR ((P)RR-proline-modified short hairpin RNA [(P)RR-PshRNA]), and confirmed its therapeutic effect on murine models of ocular inflammation. Here, we investigated the efficacy of (P)RR-PshRNA against laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and subretinal fibrosis, both of which are involved in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Administration of (P)RR-PshRNA in mice significantly reduced CNV formation, together with the expression of inflammatory molecules, macrophage infiltration, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 activation. In addition, (P)RR-PshRNA attenuated subretinal fibrosis, together with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers including phosphorylated SMAD2. The suppressive effect of (P)RR-PshRNA is comparable with aflibercept, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drug widely used for AMD therapy. AMD patient specimens demonstrated (P)RR co-localization with phosphorylated ERK1/2 in neovascular endothelial cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells. These results indicate that (P)RR contributes to the ocular pathogenesis of both inflammation-related angiogenesis and EMT-driven fibrosis, and that (P)RR-PshRNA is a promising therapeutic agent for AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Kanda
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Di Wu
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Erdal Tan Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Satoru Kase
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kousuke Noda
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Ichihara
- Department of Endocrinology and Hypertension, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishida
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
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10
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Takeda H, Nishijima N, Nasu A, Komekado H, Kita R, Kimura T, Kudo M, Osaki Y. Long-term antitumor effect of lenvatinib on unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein invasion. Hepatol Res 2019; 49:594-599. [PMID: 30499247 PMCID: PMC6850300 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lenvatinib is a novel multikinase inhibitor that has recently shown antitumor activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a phase III trial. We report the case of a woman in whom lenvatinib showed long-term antitumor activity, and in whom computed tomography (CT) scans revealed a series of suggestive radiological changes on the intratumor vascularity. A 68-year-old woman with hepatitis C virus-related liver disease presented with multiple HCCs. Following previous therapy, including six sessions of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, we introduced lenvatinib monotherapy. Lenvatinib could rapidly cause hypovascularity in the main hypervascular target lesion, and portal vein tumor thrombosis also became undetectable 11 months after the initiation of lenvatinib. These radiological changes suggested that lenvatinib could exert not only anti-angiogenic activity but also direct antitumoral effect. Of note, CT scans during lenvatinib treatment revealed the target lesion as a low-density area in the early arterial phase, whereas scans during drug interruption due to proteinuria showed that the lesion was enhanced in the arterial phase. Finally, near-complete response could be achieved as the best response. We successfully managed various adverse events including proteinuria and hypertension, and the patient was able to continue this lenvatinib therapy for more than 4 years with well-controlled general condition. We report the first case of a patient with HCC in whom lenvatinib monotherapy demonstrated long-term antitumor activity. Suggestive radiological changes reflecting intratumor vascularity as presented here should be considered in patients receiving lenvatinib for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyoto,Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka Red Cross HospitalOsaka
| | - Norihiro Nishijima
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka Red Cross HospitalOsaka
| | - Akihiro Nasu
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka Red Cross HospitalOsaka
| | - Hideyuki Komekado
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka Red Cross HospitalOsaka
| | - Ryuichi Kita
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka Red Cross HospitalOsaka
| | - Toru Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka Red Cross HospitalOsaka
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKindai University Faculty of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Yukio Osaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOsaka Red Cross HospitalOsaka
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11
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Mao L, Tan J, Wang F, Luo Y, Liu W, Zeng F, Yu B, Huang H, Lu J, Peng X, Liu X. Retrospective study comparing anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody plus cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy alone for stage II-IVb nasopharyngeal carcinoma and prognostic value of EGFR and VEGF expression. Clin Otolaryngol 2019; 44:572-580. [PMID: 30972891 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The benefits of adding anti-EGFR therapy to conventional chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain uncertain, possibly because only a subgroup of patients show better outcome. To address this issue, we compared the efficacy of CRT plus cetuximab (CTX) or nimotuzumab (NTZ) to CRT alone for stage II-IVb NPC and examined possible prognostic indicators, including tumour EGFR and VEGR expression levels. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective study enrolled 1812 patients at initial NPC diagnosis at Nanfang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University between January 2005 and December 2015. The cetuximab or nimotuzumab plus CRT group (CRT+NTZ/CTX) and the conventional chemoradiotherapy group (CRT) were matched by propensity scoring at 1:5, yielding 282 patients at clinical stage II-IVb with 47 in the CRT+NTZ/CTX group and 235 in the CRT group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The endpoints of the present study were locoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), overall survival (OS). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to investigate EGFR and VEGF expression levels in 31 patients of the CRT+NTZ/CTX group. RESULTS There were no significant differences in LRFS, DMFS and OS, haematologic toxicity reactions, and gastrointestinal reactions between CRT+NTZ/CTX and CRT groups. There was a positive correlation between EGFR and VEGF expression levels. Among CRT+NTZ/CTX patients, those with high EGFR and VEGF expression levels exhibited better DMFS. CONCLUSIONS Addition of anti-EGFR to cisplatin-based CRT appears to benefit only a subset of stage II-IVb NPC patients, those with elevated EGFR and VEGF expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Mao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Putian Hospital, Southern Medical University (Affiliated Hospital of Putian College), Putian, China
| | - Jiajie Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfan Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bolong Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoran Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Yoshida T, Kageyama S, Isono T, Yuasa T, Kushima R, Kawauchi A, Chano T. Superoxide dismutase 2 expression can predict prognosis of renal cell carcinoma patients. Cancer Biomark 2018; 22:755-761. [PMID: 29914010 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the urological malignancy with the highest mortality rate and is increasing in incidence. The prognostic and predictive biomarkers are highly desired. This study aims to investigate the significance of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) as a clinical biomarker in patients with renal cell carcinomas. METHODS A cohort of 97 patients with RCC was analyzed retrospectively using various clinical parameters and SOD2 expression by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Cases with stronger SOD2 positivity of the tumor in comparison to the adjacent normal renal tubule by immunohistochemistry were categorized as high SOD2 and were associated with worse overall survivals (p= 0.005). In particular, in cases with metastatic RCC, high SOD2 expression in the tumors was significantly associated with a worse overall survival (p= 0.001), and the maximum critical risk. Treatment with current molecular targeting therapies did not improve the prognoses of cases with metastatic or recurrent RCC. CONCLUSIONS High SOD2 expression can be predictive of a poor clinical outcome and be clinically useful in the follow-up of metastatic RCC. Therapeutics for metastatic RCCs require further improvement, such as supplementary administration of agents targeting mitochondrial SOD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Yoshida
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Susumu Kageyama
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takahiro Isono
- Central Research Laboratory, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yuasa
- Department of Urology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kushima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kawauchi
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tokuhiro Chano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
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13
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Tsuboi K. Advantages and Limitations in the Use of Combination Therapies with Charged Particle Radiation Therapy. Int J Part Ther 2018; 5:122-132. [PMID: 31773024 DOI: 10.14338/ijpt-18-00019.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Studies are currently underway to help provide basic and clinical evidence for combination particle beam radiation therapy, on which there are few published reports. The purpose of this article is to summarize the current status in the use of particle beams combined with other modalities. Results Following from experiences in x-ray radiation therapy, combination therapy with proton beams (PBT) has been attempted, and several clinical studies have reported improved survival rates for patients with non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancers, esophageal cancers, and glioblastomas. Recently, basic studies combining PBT with PARP inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors have also reported promising results. In the area of carbon ion therapy (CIT), there are few clinical reports on combination therapy; however, the number of basic research reports exceeds that for PBT. So far, the combined use of cytotoxic drugs with CIT yields independent additive effects. In addition, it is notable that combination therapy with CIT is effective against radioresistant cancer stem-like cells. Recent evidence also suggests that local radiation therapy can induce an effective antitumor immune response. There has been an increased use of combination immune-modulating agents and cytokines with particle beams, especially CIT. The field of radiation therapy is evolving from a strong reliance on local-regional treatment to a growing reliance on systemic immunotherapy. Conclusions The combined use of anticancer agents with particle radiation therapy has a considerable potential effect. Future research in molecular targeting therapy and immunotherapy may help identify the most efficacious approach for combination therapy with protons and carbon ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Tsuboi
- Proton Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
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14
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Kanda A, Ishizuka ET, Shibata A, Matsumoto T, Toyofuku H, Noda K, Namba K, Ishida S. A Novel Single-Strand RNAi Therapeutic Agent Targeting the (Pro)renin Receptor Suppresses Ocular Inflammation. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2017. [PMID: 28624188 PMCID: PMC5415971 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The receptor-associated prorenin system (RAPS) refers to the pathogenic mechanism whereby prorenin binding to the (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] dually activates the tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and RAS-independent intracellular signaling. Here we revealed significant upregulation of prorenin and soluble (P)RR levels in the vitreous fluid of patients with uveitis compared to non-inflammatory controls, together with a positive correlation between these RAPS components and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 among several upregulated cytokines. Moreover, we developed a novel single-strand RNAi agent, proline-modified short hairpin RNA directed against human and mouse (P)RR [(P)RR-PshRNA], and we determined its safety and efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Application of (P)RR-PshRNA in mice caused significant amelioration of acute (uveitic) and chronic (diabetic) models of ocular inflammation with no apparent adverse effects. Our findings demonstrate the significant implication of RAPS in the pathogenesis of human uveitis and the potential usefulness of (P)RR-PshRNA as a therapeutic agent to reduce ocular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Kanda
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Erdal Tan Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shibata
- Division of Research and Development, BONAC Corporation, Fukuoka BIO Factory, Fukuoka 839-0861, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsumoto
- Division of Research and Development, BONAC Corporation, Fukuoka BIO Factory, Fukuoka 839-0861, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Toyofuku
- Division of Research and Development, BONAC Corporation, Fukuoka BIO Factory, Fukuoka 839-0861, Japan
| | - Kousuke Noda
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kenichi Namba
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Susumu Ishida
- Laboratory of Ocular Cell Biology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
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15
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Even when diagnosed as a localized disease and resected with the intent to cure, recurrences frequently arise due to undetected or invisible micrometastases. Importantly, several proposed multimodal strategies to eliminate micrometastases have met some clinical success. However, while pivotal Phase III clinical trials comparing adjuvant therapies with surgery alone have confirmed the overall benefit of adjunctive treatments in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer, further improvement in postoperative outcomes is required, particularly in stage III disease. This review presents the current status of multimodal treatment strategies, with a particular focus on unresolved issues, based on updated literature searches and analysis of clinical trial databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuro Kanda
- a 1 Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- a 1 Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Junichi Sakamoto
- b 2 Tokai Central Hospital, 4-6-2 Sohara Higashijima-cho, Kakamigahara, Gifu 504-8601, Japan
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16
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Tamaura M, Iwasaki F, Yokosuka T, Fukuda K, Hamonoue S, Goto H. Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Down syndrome. Pediatr Int 2016; 58:794-7. [PMID: 27325175 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk of developing acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) ALL is rare in DS children. We report a case of Ph+ALL with DS complicated by chronic heart failure. Complete molecular remission was obtained after imatinib-combined chemotherapy, although infectious episodes during the neutropenic period worsened the heart condition. After two courses of intensification chemotherapy, the patient underwent reduced intensity stem cell transplantation from an HLA-identical sibling donor followed by post-transplant imatinib. The patient maintained molecular complete remission for >2 years. This case report is the first description of the safe and effective use of imatinib for DS-Ph+ALL. This case suggests the potential of molecular targeting therapy in DS-ALL, which is often complicated by congenital diseases, and the importance of treating DS-ALL while maintaining intensity and reducing treatment-related toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Tamaura
- Division of Hemato-Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Shobara Red Cross Hospital, Shobara, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Fuminori Iwasaki
- Division of Hemato-Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yokosuka
- Division of Hemato-Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kunio Fukuda
- Division of Hemato-Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hamonoue
- Division of Hemato-Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Goto
- Division of Hemato-Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
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17
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Saito M, Shiraishi K, Kunitoh H, Takenoshita S, Yokota J, Kohno T. Gene aberrations for precision medicine against lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:713-20. [PMID: 27027665 PMCID: PMC4968599 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LADC), the most frequent histological type of lung cancer, is often triggered by an aberration in a driver oncogene in tumor cells. Examples of such aberrations are EGFR mutation and ALK fusion. Lung adenocarcinoma harboring such mutations can be treated with anticancer drugs that target the aberrant gene products. Additional oncogene aberrations, including RET,ROS1, and NRG1 fusions, skipping of exon 14 of MET, and mutations in BRAF,HER2,NF1, and MEK1, were recently added to the list of such “druggable” driver oncogene aberrations, and their responses to targeted therapies are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. However, approximately 30% and 50% of LADCs in patients in Japan and Europe/USA, respectively, lack the driver oncogene aberrations listed above. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies, such as those that exploit the vulnerabilities of cancer cells with non‐oncogene aberrations, are urgently required. This review summarizes the current status of research on precision medicine against LADC and enumerates the research priorities for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motonobu Saito
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Kunitoh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Takenoshita
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Jun Yokota
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Cancer Genome Biology Group, Institute of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Abstract
For patients with primary stage ⅣB, persistent, or recurrent cervical cancer, chemotherapy remains the standard treatment, although it is neither curative nor associated with long-term disease control. In this review, we summarized the history of treatment of recurrent cervical cancer, and the current recommendation for chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy. Eligible articles were identified by a search of the MEDLINE bibliographical database for the period up to November 30, 2014. The search strategy included the following any or all of the keywords: “uterine cervical cancer”, “chemotherapy”, and “targeted therapies”. Since cisplatin every 21 days was considered as the historical standard treatment for recurrent cervical cancer, subsequent trials have evaluated and demonstrated activity for other agents including paclitaxel, gemcitabine, topotecan and vinorelbine among others. Accordingly, promising agents were incorporated into phase Ⅲ trials. To examine the best agent to combine with cisplatin, several landmark phase Ⅲ clinical trials were conducted by Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) and Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG). Through, GOG204 and JCOG0505, paclitaxel/cisplatin (TP) and paclitaxel/carboplatin (TC) are now considered to be the recommended therapies for recurrent cervical cancer patients. However, the prognosis of patients who are already resistant to chemotherapy, are very poor. Therefore new therapeutic strategies are urgently required. Molecular targeted therapy will be the most hopeful candidate of these strategies. From the results of GOG240, bevacizumab combined with TP reached its primary endpoint of improving overall survival (OS). Although, the prognosis for recurrent cervical cancer patients is still poor, the results of GOG240 shed light on the usefulness of molecular target agents to chemotherapy in cancer patients. Recurrent cervical cancer is generally considered incurable and current chemotherapy regiments offer only modest gains in OS, particularly for patients with multiple poor prognostic factors. Therefore, it is crucial to consider not only the survival benefit, but also the minimization of treatment toxicity, and maximization of quality of life (QOL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotake Tsuda
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hidemichi Watari
- 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kimio Ushijima
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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19
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Ugurluer G, Chang K, Gamez ME, Arnett AL, Jayakrishnan R, Miller RC, Sio TT. Genome-based Mutational Analysis by Next Generation Sequencing in Patients with Malignant Pleural and Peritoneal Mesothelioma. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:2331-2338. [PMID: 27127140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Malignant mesothelioma is a rare malignancy with limited therapeutic options. Exome-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques may direct the future of molecular targeting and improve systemic therapies for patients with mesothelioma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven patients with NGS testing were selected, with a total of 236 somatic cancer-related mutations analyzed. Descriptive and Kaplan-Meier statistics were applied. RESULTS The median age was 65 years (range=27-73 years); 4 (36%) patients were females. Seven (64%) and four patients (36%) had pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma, respectively. Detectable mutations were found in 86% of the pleural and 50% of the peritoneal mesothelioma patients (overall, 73% of patients). The families of BAP1 (36%), CDKNA2A/B (27%) and NF2 (27%) represented the most frequently mutated genes. The median overall survival for all patients was 20.8 months, with 1- and 2-year survival rates of 91% and 40%, respectively. CONCLUSION Genomic alterations as potential therapeutic targets were found by NGS. These findings will help in the development of new screening tools and targeting therapies, and in turn impact the standard-of-care and potentially lengthen disease control and survival periods in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Ugurluer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, U.S.A. Department of Radiation Oncology, Acibadem Adana Hospital, Acibadem University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Kenneth Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, U.S.A
| | - Mauricio E Gamez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, U.S.A
| | - Andrea L Arnett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, U.S.A
| | | | - Robert C Miller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, U.S.A. Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, U.S.A
| | - Terence T Sio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, U.S.A
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20
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Abstract
Lapatinib is an oral, small-molecule, reversible inhibitor of both epidermal growth factor receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) tyrosine kinases. In March 2007, the US Food and Drug Administration approved lapatinib for use in combination with capecitabine for the treatment of women with HER2-overexpressing, advanced or metastatic breast cancer. This review discusses the available information of lapatinib in Chinese breast cancer patients, focusing on its effectiveness and clinical application against advanced or metastatic breast cancer. In pivotal phase III trials, a combination of lapatinib and capecitabine significantly decreased the risk of disease progression compared to capecitabine alone in women with HER2-positive advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Other trials were used to evaluate lapatinib in combination with hormone therapy, in combination with trastuzumab, and as an adjunct to adjuvant therapy for early-stage disease. Preclinical data have revealed that lapatinib is active in trastuzumab-resistant cell lines as well as synergistic with trastuzumab. In clinical trials, lapatinib has not been associated with serious or symptomatic cardiotoxicity. Further, it can cross the blood-brain barrier and may therefore have a role in preventing cancer progression in the central nervous system. Thus, lapatinib warrants further evaluation in HER2-positive metastatic and early-stage breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
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Dobashi Y, Watanabe Y, Miwa C, Suzuki S, Koyama S. Mammalian target of rapamycin: a central node of complex signaling cascades. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2011; 4:476-495. [PMID: 21738819 PMCID: PMC3127069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates cell growth and metabolism in response to diverse external stimuli. In the presence of mitogenic stimuli, mTOR transduces signals that activate the translational machinery and promote cell growth. mTOR functions as a central node in a complex net of signaling pathways that are involved both in normal physiological, as well as pathogenic events. mTOR signaling occurs in concert with upstream Akt and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and several downstream effectors. During the past few decades, the mTOR-mediated pathway has been shown to promote tumorigenesis through the coordinated phosphorylation of proteins that directly regulate cell-cycle progression and metabolism, as well as transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in the oncogenic processes. The importance of mTOR signaling in oncology is now widely accepted, and agents that selectively target mTOR have been developed as anti-cancer drugs. In this review, we highlight the past research on mTOR, including clinical and pathological analyses, and describe its molecular mechanisms of signaling, and its roles in the physiology and pathology of human diseases, particularly, lung carcinomas. We also discuss strategies that might lead to more effective clinical treatments of several diseases by targeting mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoh Dobashi
- Department of Pathology, Respiratory Medicine Saitama, Japan.
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Kitamura H, Okudela K. Bronchioloalveolar neoplasia. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2010; 4:97-99. [PMID: 21228931 PMCID: PMC3016107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) arising in the peripheral lung is the prototype of human lung adenocar-cinoma and is considered to develop, at least in part, from its precursor atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH). Molecular genetics investigations have revealed the significant roles of mutations in KRAS and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) genes in the pathogenesis of AAH and BAC. Recently, selective molecular targeting therapies, such as those using EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, have been introduced with remarkable success. In spite of the accumulation of research results into BAC/AAH, there remain three important issues to be addressed; 1) the etiology of BAC and AAH, 2) the genetic and/or epigenetic alteration(s) responsible for the progression of AAH to BAC, 3) the genetic backgrounds speculated as the cause of multiple AAH/BAC. These three issues are briefly reviewed and discussed, along with the murine pulmonary carcinogenesis model which is potentially useful for solving these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kitamura
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
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