1
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Poddubny AN, Rosenblum S, Dayan B. How Single-Photon Switching Is Quenched with Multiple Λ-Level Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:113601. [PMID: 39331989 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Single-photon nonlinearity, namely, the change in the response of the system as the result of the interaction with a single photon, is generally considered an inherent property of a single quantum emitter. Although the dependence on the number of emitters is well understood for the case of two-level systems, deterministic operations such as single-photon switching or photon-atom gates inherently require more complex level structures. Here, we theoretically consider single-photon switching in ensembles of emitters with a Λ-level scheme and show that the switching efficiency vanishes with the number of emitters. Interestingly, the mechanism behind this behavior is the quantum Zeno effect, manifested in a slowdown of the photon-controlled dynamics of the atomic ground states.
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2
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Menon SG, Glachman N, Pompili M, Dibos A, Bernien H. An integrated atom array-nanophotonic chip platform with background-free imaging. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6156. [PMID: 39039068 PMCID: PMC11263554 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Arrays of neutral atoms trapped in optical tweezers have emerged as a leading platform for quantum information processing and quantum simulation due to their scalability, reconfigurable connectivity, and high-fidelity operations. Individual atoms are promising candidates for quantum networking due to their capability to emit indistinguishable photons that are entangled with their internal atomic states. Integrating atom arrays with photonic interfaces would enable distributed architectures in which nodes hosting many processing qubits could be efficiently linked together via the distribution of remote entanglement. However, many atom array techniques cease to work in close proximity to photonic interfaces, with atom detection via standard fluorescence imaging presenting a major challenge due to scattering from nearby photonic devices. Here, we demonstrate an architecture that combines atom arrays with up to 64 optical tweezers and a millimeter-scale photonic chip hosting more than 100 nanophotonic cavities. We achieve high-fidelity ( ~ 99.2%), background-free imaging in close proximity to nanofabricated cavities using a multichromatic excitation and detection scheme. The atoms can be imaged while trapped a few hundred nanometers above the dielectric surface, which we verify using Stark shift measurements of the modified trapping potential. Finally, we rearrange atoms into defect-free arrays and load them simultaneously onto the same or multiple devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar G Menon
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Noah Glachman
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Matteo Pompili
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Alan Dibos
- Argonne National Laboratory, Center for Nanoscale Materials, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Center for Molecular Engineering, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Hannes Bernien
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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3
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Liu Y, Zhou H, Lin L, Sun HB. Tunable single emitter-cavity coupling strength through waveguide-assisted energy quantum transfer. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:171. [PMID: 39025842 PMCID: PMC11258325 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The emitter-cavity strong coupling manifests crucial significance for exploiting quantum technology, especially in the scale of individual emitters. However, due to the small light-matter interaction cross-section, the single emitter-cavity strong coupling has been limited by its harsh requirement on the quality factor of the cavity and the local density of optical states. Herein, we present a strategy termed waveguide-assisted energy quantum transfer (WEQT) to improve the single emitter-cavity coupling strength by extending the interaction cross-section. Multiple ancillary emitters are optically linked by a waveguide, providing an indirect coupling channel to transfer the energy quantum between target emitter and cavity. An enhancement factor of coupling strengthg ̃ / g > 10 can be easily achieved, which dramatically release the rigorous design of cavity. As an extension of concept, we further show that the ancillae can be used as controlling bits for a photon gate, opening up new degrees of freedom in quantum manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Linhan Lin
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- Department of Precision Instrument, State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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4
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Yang Y, Yao J, Xiao Y, Fong PT, Lau HK, Hu CM. Anomalous Long-Distance Coherence in Critically Driven Cavity Magnonics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:206902. [PMID: 38829101 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.206902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Developing quantum networks necessitates coherently connecting distant systems via remote strong coupling. Here, we demonstrate long-distance coherence in cavity magnonics operating in the linear regime. By locally setting the cavity near critical coupling with traveling photons, nonlocal magnon-photon coherence is established via strong coupling over a 2-m distance. We observe two anomalies in this long-distance coherence: first, the coupling strength oscillates twice the period of conventional photon-mediated couplings; second, clear mode splitting is observed within the cavity linewidth. Both effects cannot be explained by conventional coupled-mode theory, which reveals the tip of an iceberg of photon-mediated coupling in systems under critical driving. Our Letter shows the potential of using critical phenomena for harnessing long-distance coherence in distributed systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jiguang Yao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Pak-Tik Fong
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Hoi-Kwan Lau
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby V5A 1S6, Canada
- Quantum Algorithms Institute, Surrey, British Columbia V3T 5X3, Canada
| | - C-M Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada
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5
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Tečer M, Di Liberto M, Silvi P, Montangero S, Romanato F, Calajó G. Strongly Interacting Photons in 2D Waveguide QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:163602. [PMID: 38701484 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.163602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
One-dimensional confinement in waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) plays a crucial role to enhance light-matter interactions and to induce a strong quantum nonlinear optical response. In two or higher-dimensional settings, this response is reduced since photons can be emitted within a larger phase space, opening the question whether strong photon-photon interaction can be still achieved. In this study, we positively answer this question for the case of a 2D square array of atoms coupled to the light confined into a two-dimensional waveguide. More specifically, we demonstrate the occurrence of long-lived two-photon repulsive and bound states with genuine 2D features. Furthermore, we observe signatures of these effects also in free-space atomic arrays in the form of weakly subradiant in-band scattering resonances. Our findings provide a paradigmatic signature of the presence of strong photon-photon interactions in 2D waveguide QED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Tečer
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Di Liberto
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Universitá degli Studi di Padova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Silvi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Universitá degli Studi di Padova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Montangero
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Universitá degli Studi di Padova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Romanato
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", via Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Universitá degli Studi di Padova
- CNR-IOM Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calajó
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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6
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Zhang YX. Zeno Regime of Collective Emission: Non-Markovianity beyond Retardation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:193603. [PMID: 38000421 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.193603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
To build up a collective emission, the atoms in an ensemble must coordinate their behavior by exchanging virtual photons. We study this non-Markovian process in a subwavelength atom chain coupled to a one-dimensional (1D) waveguide and find that retardation is not the only cause of non-Markovianity. The other factor is the memory of the photonic environment, for which a single excited atom needs a finite time, the Zeno regime, to transition from quadratic decay to exponential decay. In the waveguide setup, this crossover has a time scale longer than the retardation, thus impacting the development of collective behavior. By comparing a full quantum treatment with an approach incorporating only the retardation effect, we find that the field memory effect, characterized by the population of atomic excitation, is much more pronounced in collective emissions than that in the decay of a single atom. Our results maybe useful for the dissipation engineering of quantum information processings based on compact atom arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; and Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
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7
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Feng XN, Liu HY, Wei LF. Waveguide Mach-Zehnder interferometer to enhance the sensitivity of quantum parameter estimation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:17215-17225. [PMID: 37381461 DOI: 10.1364/oe.487793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The waveguide Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) (see, e.g., in Phys. Rev. Lett.113, 243601 (2015)10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.243601 and Nature569, 692 (2019)10.1038/s41586-019-1196-1), instead of the free space's one, have been demonstrated for the sensitive quantum parameter estimations. Here, we propose a waveguide Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) to further enhance the sensitivity of the relevant parameter estimations. The configuration is formed by two one-dimensional waveguides coupled sequentially to two atomic mirrors, which are served as the beam splitters of the waveguide photons to control the probabilities of the photons being transferred from one waveguide to another. Due to the quantum interference of the waveguide photons, the acquired phase of the photons when they pass through a phase shifter can be sensitively estimated by measuring either the transmitted or reflected probabilities of the transporting photons. Interestingly, we show that, with the proposed waveguide MZI the sensitivity of the quantum parameter estimation could be further optimized, compared with the waveguide FPI, in the same condition. The feasibility of the proposal, with the current atom-waveguide integrated technique, is also discussed.
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8
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Liedl C, Pucher S, Tebbenjohanns F, Schneeweiss P, Rauschenbeutel A. Collective Radiation of a Cascaded Quantum System: From Timed Dicke States to Inverted Ensembles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:163602. [PMID: 37154641 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.163602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The collective absorption and emission of light by an ensemble of atoms is at the heart of many fundamental quantum optical effects and the basis for numerous applications. However, beyond weak excitation, both experiment and theory become increasingly challenging. Here, we explore the regimes from weak excitation to inversion with ensembles of up to 1000 atoms that are trapped and optically interfaced using the evanescent field surrounding an optical nanofiber. We realize full inversion, with about 80% of the atoms being excited, and study their subsequent radiative decay into the guided modes. The data are very well-described by a simple model that assumes a cascaded interaction of the guided light with the atoms. Our results contribute to the fundamental understanding of the collective interaction of light and matter and are relevant for applications ranging from quantum memories to sources of nonclassical light to optical frequency standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Liedl
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pucher
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Tebbenjohanns
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Schneeweiss
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Rauschenbeutel
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
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9
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Hu Y, Jia WZ, Yan CH. Single-photon switches, beam splitters, and circulators based on the photonic Aharonov-Bohm effect. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:11142-11155. [PMID: 37155756 DOI: 10.1364/oe.485839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon devices such as switches, beam splitters, and circulators are fundamental components to construct photonic integrated quantum networks. In this paper, two V-type three-level atoms coupled to a waveguide are proposed to simultaneously realize these functions as a multifunctional and reconfigurable single-photon device. When both the two atoms are driven by the external coherent fields, the difference in the phases of the coherent driving induces the photonic Aharonov-Bohm effect. Based on the photonic Aharonov-Bohm effect and setting the two-atom distance to match the constructive or destructive interference conditions among photons travelling along different paths, a single-photon switch is achieved since the incident single photon can be controlled from complete transmission to complete reflection by adjusting the amplitudes and phases of the driving fields. When properly changing the amplitudes and phases of the driving fields, the incident photons are split equally into multiple components as a beam splitter operated with different frequencies. Meanwhile, the single-photon circulator with reconfigurable circulation directions can also be obtained.
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10
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Zhou X, Tamura H, Chang TH, Hung CL. Coupling Single Atoms to a Nanophotonic Whispering-Gallery-Mode Resonator via Optical Guiding. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:103601. [PMID: 36962011 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an efficient optical guiding technique for coupling cold atoms in the near field of a planar nanophotonic circuit, and realize large atom-photon coupling to a whispering-gallery mode in a microring resonator with a single-atom cooperativity C≳8. The guiding potential is created by diffracted light on a nanophotonic waveguide that smoothly connects to a dipole trap in the far field for atom guiding with subwavelength precision. We observe atom-induced transparency for light coupled to a microring, characterize the atom-photon coupling rate, extract guided atom flux, and demonstrate on-chip photon routing by single atoms. Our demonstration promises new applications with cold atoms on a nanophotonic circuit for chiral quantum optics and quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Hikaru Tamura
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Tzu-Han Chang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Chen-Lung Hung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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11
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Holzinger R, Gutiérrez-Jáuregui R, Hönigl-Decrinis T, Kirchmair G, Asenjo-Garcia A, Ritsch H. Control of Localized Single- and Many-Body Dark States in Waveguide QED. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:253601. [PMID: 36608230 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.253601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Subradiant states in a finite chain of two-level quantum emitters coupled to a one-dimensional reservoir are a resource for superior photon storage and their controlled release. As one can maximally store one energy quantum per emitter, storing multiple excitations requires delocalized states, which typically exhibit fermionic correlations and antisymmetric wave functions, thus making them hard to access experimentally. Here we identify a new class of quasilocalized dark states with up to half of the qubits excited, which only appear for lattice constants of an integer multiple of the wavelength. These states allow for a high-fidelity preparation and minimally invasive readout in state-of-the-art setups. In particular, we suggest an experimental implementation using a coplanar waveguide coupled to superconducting transmon qubits on a chip. With minimal free space and intrinsic losses, virtually perfect dark states can be achieved for a low number of qubits featuring fast preparation and precise manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Holzinger
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Innsbruck University, Technikerstrasse 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - T Hönigl-Decrinis
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - G Kirchmair
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Asenjo-Garcia
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - H Ritsch
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Innsbruck University, Technikerstrasse 21a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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12
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Fayard N, Bouscal A, Berroir J, Urvoy A, Ray T, Mahapatra S, Kemiche M, Levenson JA, Greffet JJ, Bencheikh K, Laurat J, Sauvan C. Asymmetric comb waveguide for strong interactions between atoms and light. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:45093-45109. [PMID: 36522919 DOI: 10.1364/oe.475162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Coupling quantum emitters and nanostructures, in particular cold atoms and optical waveguides, has recently raised a large interest due to unprecedented possibilities of engineering light-matter interactions. In this work, we propose a new type of periodic dielectric waveguide that provides strong interactions between atoms and guided photons with an unusual dispersion. We design an asymmetric comb waveguide that supports a slow mode with a quartic (instead of quadratic) dispersion and an electric field that extends far into the air cladding for an optimal interaction with atoms. We compute the optical trapping potential formed with two guided modes at frequencies detuned from the atomic transition. We show that cold Rubidium atoms can be trapped as close as 100 nm from the structure in a 1.3-mK-deep potential well. For atoms trapped at this position, the emission into guided photons is largely favored, with a beta factor as high as 0.88 and a radiative decay rate into the slow mode 10 times larger than the free-space decay rate. These figures of merit are obtained at a moderately low group velocity of c/50.
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13
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Aamir MA, Moreno CC, Sundelin S, Biznárová J, Scigliuzzo M, Patel KE, Osman A, Lozano DP, Strandberg I, Gasparinetti S. Engineering Symmetry-Selective Couplings of a Superconducting Artificial Molecule to Microwave Waveguides. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:123604. [PMID: 36179204 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.123604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the decay rate of structured quantum emitters into their environment opens new avenues for nonlinear quantum optics, collective phenomena, and quantum communications. Here, we demonstrate a novel coupling scheme between an artificial molecule comprising two identical, strongly coupled transmon qubits and two microwave waveguides. In our scheme, the coupling is engineered so that transitions between states of the same (opposite) symmetry, with respect to the permutation operator, are predominantly coupled to one (the other) waveguide. The symmetry-based coupling selectivity, as quantified by the ratio of the coupling strengths, exceeds a factor of 30 for both waveguides in our device. In addition, we implement a Raman process activated by simultaneously driving both waveguides, and show that it can be used to coherently couple states of different symmetry in the single-excitation manifold of the molecule. Using that process, we implement frequency conversion across the waveguides, mediated by the molecule, with efficiency of about 95%. Finally, we show that this coupling arrangement makes it possible to straightforwardly generate spatially separated Bell states propagating across the waveguides. We envisage further applications to quantum thermodynamics, microwave photodetection, and photon-photon gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali Aamir
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claudia Castillo Moreno
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon Sundelin
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Janka Biznárová
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marco Scigliuzzo
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kowshik Erappaji Patel
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amr Osman
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D P Lozano
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Strandberg
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simone Gasparinetti
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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14
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Rakonjac JV, Corrielli G, Lago-Rivera D, Seri A, Mazzera M, Grandi S, Osellame R, de Riedmatten H. Storage and analysis of light-matter entanglement in a fiber-integrated system. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn3919. [PMID: 35857480 PMCID: PMC9714774 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn3919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The deployment of a full-fledged quantum internet poses the challenge of finding adequate building blocks for entanglement distribution between remote quantum nodes. A practical system would combine propagation in optical fibers with quantum memories for light, leveraging on the existing communication network while featuring the scalability required to extend to network sizes. Here, we demonstrate a fiber-integrated quantum memory entangled with a photon at telecommunication wavelength. The storage device is based on a fiber-pigtailed laser-written waveguide in a rare earth-doped solid and allows an all-fiber stable addressing of the memory. The analysis of the entanglement is performed using fiber-based interferometers. Our results feature orders-of-magnitude advances in terms of storage time and efficiency for integrated storage of light-matter entanglement and constitute a substantial step forward toward quantum networks using integrated devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena V. Rakonjac
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona) 08860, Spain
| | - Giacomo Corrielli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN) - CNR P.zza
Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Dario Lago-Rivera
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona) 08860, Spain
| | - Alessandro Seri
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona) 08860, Spain
| | - Margherita Mazzera
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA,
Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Samuele Grandi
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona) 08860, Spain
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN) - CNR P.zza
Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Hugues de Riedmatten
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona) 08860, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats,
Barcelona 08015, Spain
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15
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Liu N, Wang X, Wang X, Ma XS, Cheng MT. Tunable single photon nonreciprocal scattering based on giant atom-waveguide chiral couplings. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:23428-23438. [PMID: 36225022 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the single photon scattering properties in a waveguide chirally coupling to a giant atom. The single photon transmission spectrum depends on the direction of the single photon incident when the energy loss of the giant atom can not be neglected. The difference between the transmission probabilities corresponding to opposite transport direction ΔT is calculated. It shows that both of the position and width of the ΔT are dependent on the size of the giant atom. Furthermore, the position of the maximum ΔT and the frequency width of ΔT can be modulated by a classical laser beam. Our results will be beneficial to control single photons in quantum devices design involving giant atoms.
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16
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Marques Y, Shelykh IA, Iorsh IV. Bound Photonic Pairs in 2D Waveguide Quantum Electrodynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:273602. [PMID: 35061425 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.273602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically predict the formation of two-photon bound states in a two-dimensional waveguide network hosting a lattice of two-level atoms. The properties of these bound pairs and the exclusive domains of the parameter space where they emerge due to the interplay between the on-site photon blockade and peculiar shape of polariton dispersion resulting from the long-range radiative couplings between the qubits are investigated in detail. In addition, we analyze the effect of the finite-size system on localization characteristics of these excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Marques
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - I A Shelykh
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - I V Iorsh
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
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17
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Wang C, Ma XS, Cheng MT. Giant atom-mediated single photon routing between two waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:40116-40124. [PMID: 34809360 DOI: 10.1364/oe.444096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the single photon scattering due to a giant atom coupled with a pair of waveguides is investigated theoretically. Using the real-space Hamiltonian, four scattering amplitudes are obtained, and the single photon routing properties are studied. Calculations reveal that the single photon routing properties are strongly dependent on the size of the giant atom. The possible physical mechanism is also discussed. To improve routing efficiency, the configuration where one waveguide is terminated is further studied. The calculated results indicate that an incident photon can be transferred to the other waveguide with unit efficiency by choosing the appropriate configuration for a fixed size of the giant atom. Our results may be used in quantum information processing and design quantum devices at single-photon level.
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18
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Dideriksen KB, Schmieg R, Zugenmaier M, Polzik ES. Room-temperature single-photon source with near-millisecond built-in memory. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3699. [PMID: 34140508 PMCID: PMC8211654 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-classical photon sources are a crucial resource for distributed quantum networks. Photons generated from matter systems with memory capability are particularly promising, as they can be integrated into a network where each source is used on-demand. Among all kinds of solid state and atomic quantum memories, room-temperature atomic vapours are especially attractive due to their robustness and potential scalability. To-date room-temperature photon sources have been limited either in their memory time or the purity of the photonic state. Here we demonstrate a single-photon source based on room-temperature memory. Following heralded loading of the memory, a single photon is retrieved from it after a variable storage time. The single-photon character of the retrieved field is validated by the strong suppression of the two-photon component with antibunching as low as [Formula: see text]. Non-classical correlations between the heralding and the retrieved photons are maintained for up to [Formula: see text], more than two orders of magnitude longer than previously demonstrated with other room-temperature systems. Correlations sufficient for violating Bell inequalities exist for up to τBI = (0.15 ± 0.03) ms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Schmieg
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | | | - Eugene S Polzik
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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19
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Poshakinskiy AV, Zhong J, Poddubny AN. Quantum Chaos Driven by Long-Range Waveguide-Mediated Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:203602. [PMID: 34110198 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.203602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study theoretically quantum states of a pair of photons interacting with a finite periodic array of two-level atoms in a waveguide. Our calculation reveals two-polariton eigenstates that have a highly irregular wave function in real space. This indicates the Bethe ansatz breakdown and the onset of quantum chaos, in stark contrast to the conventional integrable problem of two interacting bosons in a box. We identify the long-range waveguide-mediated coupling between the atoms as the key ingredient of chaos and nonintegrability. Our results provide new insights in the interplay between order, chaos, and localization in many-body quantum systems and can be tested in state-of-the-art setups of waveguide quantum electrodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet Zhong
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Alexander N Poddubny
- Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
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20
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Hümmer D, Romero-Isart O, Rauschenbeutel A, Schneeweiss P. Probing Surface-Bound Atoms with Quantum Nanophotonics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:163601. [PMID: 33961459 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.163601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantum control of atoms at ultrashort distances from surfaces would open a new paradigm in quantum optics and offer a novel tool for the investigation of near-surface physics. Here, we investigate the motional states of atoms that are bound weakly to the surface of a hot optical nanofiber. We theoretically demonstrate that with optimized mechanical properties of the nanofiber these states are quantized despite phonon-induced decoherence. We further show that it is possible to influence their properties with additional nanofiber-guided light fields and suggest heterodyne fluorescence spectroscopy to probe the spectrum of the quantized atomic motion. Extending the optical control of atoms to smaller atom-surface separations could create opportunities for quantum communication and instigate the convergence of surface physics, quantum optics, and the physics of cold atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hümmer
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Oriol Romero-Isart
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arno Rauschenbeutel
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Schneeweiss
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
- Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1020 Vienna, Austria
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21
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Wang X, Zhang P, Li G, Zhang T. High-efficiency coupling of single quantum emitters into hole-tailored nanofibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:11158-11168. [PMID: 33820234 DOI: 10.1364/oe.420243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme to enhance the coupling efficiency of photons from a single quantum emitter into a hole-tailored nanofiber. The single quantum emitter is positioned inside a circular hole etched along the radial axis of the nanofiber. The coupling efficiency can be effectively enhanced and is twice as high as the case in which only an intact nanofiber without the hole is used. The effective enhancement independent of a cavity can avoid the selection of a single emitter for the specific wavelength, which means a broad operating wavelength range. Numerical simulations are performed to optimize the coupling efficiency by setting appropriate diameters of the nanofiber and the hole. The simulation results show that the coupling efficiency can reach 62.8% when the single quantum emitter with azimuthal polarization (x direction) is at a position 200 nm from the middle of the hole along the hole-axial direction. The diameters of the nanofiber and the hole are 800 nm and 400 nm, respectively, while the wavelength of the single quantum emitter is 852 nm. Hole-tailored nanofibers have a simple configuration and are easy to fabricate and integrate with other micro/nanophotonic structures; this fiber structure has wide application prospects in quantum information processing and quantum precision measurement.
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22
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Song GZ, Guo JL, Nie W, Kwek LC, Long GL. Optical properties of a waveguide-mediated chain of randomly positioned atoms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:1903-1917. [PMID: 33726395 DOI: 10.1364/oe.409471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically study the optical properties of an ensemble of two-level atoms coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide. In our model, the atoms are randomly located in the lattice sites along the one-dimensional waveguide. The results reveal that the optical transport properties of the atomic ensemble are influenced by the lattice constant and the filling factor of the lattice sites. We also focus on the atomic mirror configuration and quantify the effect of the inhomogeneous broadening in atomic resonant transition on the scattering spectrum. Furthermore, we find that initial bunching and persistent quantum beats appear in photon-photon correlation function of the transmitted field, which are significantly changed by the filling factor of the lattice sites. With great progress to interface quantum emitters with nanophotonics, our results should be experimentally realizable in the near future.
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23
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Sedov DD, Kozin VK, Iorsh IV. Chiral Waveguide Optomechanics: First Order Quantum Phase Transitions with Z_{3} Symmetry Breaking. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:263606. [PMID: 33449725 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.263606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a direct mapping between the quantum optomechanical problem of the atoms harmonically trapped in the vicinity of a chiral waveguide and a generalized quantum Rabi model, and we discuss the analogy between the self-organization of atomic chains in photonic structures and Dicke-like quantum phase transitions in the ultrastrong coupling regime. We extend the class of the superradiant phase transitions for the systems possessing Z_{3} rather than parity Z_{2} symmetry and demonstrate the emergence of the multicomponent Schrödinger-cat ground states in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Sedov
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - V K Kozin
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - I V Iorsh
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
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24
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Zhou Y, Yi C, Liu Q, Wang CK, Tan C. Storage and retrieval of ultraslow soliton at optical nanofiber interface via electromagnetically induced transparency. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:34730-34743. [PMID: 33182934 DOI: 10.1364/oe.409518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the optical memory in a nanofiber system via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a nonlinear region. Because of the tight transverse confinement, the light-atom interaction is significantly enhanced and thus, the EIT effect is enhanced. The inhomogeneous mode field distribution contributes spatially to the EIT dispersion. We develop a systematic analysis method to study the nonlinearity of the system and prove that the optical soliton is available in the system and can be stored and retrieved with high efficiency and stability. We also study a strategy to optimize the soliton optical memory. The results obtained in this study are promising for practical applications of all-optical information processing.
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25
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Iorsh I, Poshakinskiy A, Poddubny A. Waveguide Quantum Optomechanics: Parity-Time Phase Transitions in Ultrastrong Coupling Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:183601. [PMID: 33196247 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.183601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We develop a rigorous theoretical framework for interaction-induced phenomena in the waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) driven by mechanical oscillations of the qubits. Specifically, we predict that the simplest setup of two qubits, harmonically trapped over an optical waveguide, enables the ultrastrong coupling regime of the quantum optomechanical interaction. Moreover, the combination of the inherent open nature of the system and the strong optomechanical coupling leads to emerging parity-time (PT) symmetry, quite unexpected for a purely quantum system without artificially engineered gain and loss. The PT phase transition drives long-living subradiant states, observable in the state-of-the-art waveguide QED setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Iorsh
- Department of Physics and Technology, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Poddubny
- Department of Physics and Technology, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
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26
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Leong WS, Xin M, Chen Z, Chai S, Wang Y, Lan SY. Large array of Schrödinger cat states facilitated by an optical waveguide. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5295. [PMID: 33082314 PMCID: PMC7575543 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum engineering using photonic structures offer new capabilities for atom-photon interactions for quantum optics and atomic physics, which could eventually lead to integrated quantum devices. Despite the rapid progress in the variety of structures, coherent excitation of the motional states of atoms in a photonic waveguide using guided modes has yet to be demonstrated. Here, we use the waveguide mode of a hollow-core photonic crystal fibre to manipulate the mechanical Fock states of single atoms in a harmonic potential inside the fibre. We create a large array of Schrödinger cat states, a quintessential feature of quantum physics and a key element in quantum information processing and metrology, of approximately 15000 atoms along the fibre by entangling the electronic state with the coherent harmonic oscillator state of each individual atom. Our results provide a useful step for quantum information and simulation with a wide range of photonic waveguide systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wui Seng Leong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Mingjie Xin
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Zilong Chen
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Shijie Chai
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yu Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Shau-Yu Lan
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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27
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Li W, Islam P, Windpassinger P. Controlled Transport of Stored Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:150501. [PMID: 33095599 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.150501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Controlled manipulation, storage, and retrieval of quantum information is essential for quantum communication and computing. Quantum memories for light, realized with cold atomic samples as the storage medium, are prominent for their high storage efficiencies and lifetime. We demonstrate the controlled transport of stored light over 1.2 mm in such a storage system and show that the transport process and its dynamics only have a minor effect on the coherence of the storage. Extending the presented concept to longer transport distances and augmenting the number of storage sections will allow for the development of novel quantum devices such as optical racetrack memories or optical quantum registers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, 100191 Beijing, China
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Parvez Islam
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
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28
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Meng Y, Liedl C, Pucher S, Rauschenbeutel A, Schneeweiss P. Imaging and Localizing Individual Atoms Interfaced with a Nanophotonic Waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:053603. [PMID: 32794877 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.053603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Single particle-resolved fluorescence imaging is an enabling technology in cold-atom physics. However, so far, this technique has not been available for nanophotonic atom-light interfaces. Here, we image single atoms that are trapped and optically interfaced using an optical nanofiber. Near-resonant light is scattered off the atoms and imaged while counteracting heating mechanisms via degenerate Raman cooling. We detect trapped atoms within 150 ms and record image sequences of given atoms. Building on our technique, we perform two experiments which are conditioned on the number and position of the nanofiber-trapped atoms. We measure the transmission of nanofiber-guided resonant light and verify its exponential scaling in the few-atom limit, in accordance with Beer-Lambert's law. Moreover, depending on the interatomic distance, we observe interference of the fields that two simultaneously trapped atoms emit into the nanofiber. The demonstrated technique enables postselection and possible feedback schemes and thereby opens the road toward a new generation of experiments in quantum nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Meng
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Liedl
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Pucher
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Rauschenbeutel
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - P Schneeweiss
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
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29
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Glicenstein A, Ferioli G, Šibalić N, Brossard L, Ferrier-Barbut I, Browaeys A. Collective Shift in Resonant Light Scattering by a One-Dimensional Atomic Chain. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:253602. [PMID: 32639788 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.253602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study resonant light scattering by a one-dimensional randomly filled chain of cold two-level atoms. By a local measurement of the light scattered along the chain, we observe constructive interferences in light-induced dipole-dipole interactions between the atoms. They lead to a shift of the collective resonance despite the average interatomic distance being larger than the wavelength of the light. This result demonstrates that strong collective effects can be enhanced by structuring the geometrical arrangement of the ensemble. We also explore the high intensity regime where atoms cannot be described classically. We compare our measurement to a mean-field, nonlinear coupled-dipole model accounting for the saturation of the response of a single atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Glicenstein
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Giovanni Ferioli
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Nikola Šibalić
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Ludovic Brossard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Igor Ferrier-Barbut
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Antoine Browaeys
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
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30
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Wang Z, Jaako T, Kirton P, Rabl P. Supercorrelated Radiance in Nonlinear Photonic Waveguides. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:213601. [PMID: 32530664 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.213601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the collective decay of two-level emitters coupled to a nonlinear waveguide, for example, a nanophotonic lattice or a superconducting resonator array with strong photon-photon interactions. Under these conditions, a new decay channel into bound photon pairs emerges, through which spatial correlations between emitters are established by regular interference as well as interactions between the photons. We derive an effective Markovian theory to model the resulting decay dynamics of an arbitrary distribution of emitters and identify collective effects beyond the usual phenomena of super- and subradiance. Specifically, in the limit of many close-by emitters, we find that the system undergoes a supercorrelated decay process where all the emitters are either in the excited state or in the ground state but not in any of the intermediate states. The predicted effects can be probed in state-of-the-art waveguide QED experiments and provide a striking example of how the dynamics of open quantum systems can be modified by many-body effects in a nonharmonic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Wang
- Center for Quantum Sciences and School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Tuomas Jaako
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Kirton
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Rabl
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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31
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Zhong J, Olekhno NA, Ke Y, Poshakinskiy AV, Lee C, Kivshar YS, Poddubny AN. Photon-Mediated Localization in Two-Level Qubit Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:093604. [PMID: 32202878 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.093604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We predict the existence of a novel interaction-induced spatial localization in a periodic array of qubits coupled to a waveguide. This localization can be described as a quantum analogue of a self-induced optical lattice between two indistinguishable photons, where one photon creates a standing wave that traps the other photon. The localization is caused by the interplay between on-site repulsion due to the photon blockade and the waveguide-mediated long-range coupling between the qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Zhong
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | | | - Yongguan Ke
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Metrology and Sensing & School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-Sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | | | - Chaohong Lee
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Metrology and Sensing & School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-Sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University (Guangzhou Campus), Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuri S Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Alexander N Poddubny
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
- ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
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