1
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Zhang D, Chen KW, Zheng G, Yu F, Shi M, Zhu Y, Chan A, Jenkins K, Ying J, Xiang Z, Chen X, Li L. Large oscillatory thermal hall effect in kagome metals. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6224. [PMID: 39043657 PMCID: PMC11266402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The thermal Hall effect recently provided intriguing probes to the ground state of exotic quantum matters. These observations of transverse thermal Hall signals lead to the debate on the fermionic versus bosonic origins of these phenomena. The recent report of quantum oscillations (QOs) in Kitaev spin liquid points to a possible resolution. The Landau level quantization would most likely capture only the fermionic thermal transport effect. However, the QOs in the thermal Hall effect are generally hard to detect. In this work, we report the observation of a large oscillatory thermal Hall effect of correlated Kagome metals. We detect a 180-degree phase change of the oscillation and demonstrate the phase flip as an essential feature for QOs in the thermal transport properties. More importantly, the QOs in the thermal Hall channel are more profound than those in the electrical Hall channel, which strongly violates the Wiedemann-Franz (WF) law for QOs. This result presents the oscillatory thermal Hall effect as a powerful probe to the correlated quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechen Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kuan-Wen Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guoxin Zheng
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fanghang Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mengzhu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aaron Chan
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kaila Jenkins
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jianjun Ying
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ziji Xiang
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xianhui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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2
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Chen L, Lefrançois É, Vallipuram A, Barthélemy Q, Ataei A, Yao W, Li Y, Taillefer L. Planar thermal Hall effect from phonons in a Kitaev candidate material. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3513. [PMID: 38664403 PMCID: PMC11045815 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47858-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The thermal Hall effect has emerged as a potential probe of exotic excitations in spin liquids. In the Kitaev magnet α -RuCl3, the thermal Hall conductivityκ x y has been attributed to Majorana fermions, chiral magnons, or phonons. Theoretically, the former two types of heat carriers can generate a "planar"κ x y , whereby the magnetic field is parallel to the heat current, but it is unknown whether phonons also could. Here we show that a planarκ x y is present in another Kitaev candidate material, Na2Co2TeO6. Based on the striking similarity betweenκ x y and the phonon-dominated thermal conductivityκ x x , we attribute the effect to phonons. We observe a large difference inκ x y between different configurations of heat current and magnetic field, which reveals that the direction of heat current matters in determining the planarκ x y . Our observation calls for a re-evaluation of the planarκ x y observed inα -RuCl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Institut quantique, Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - Étienne Lefrançois
- Institut quantique, Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Ashvini Vallipuram
- Institut quantique, Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Quentin Barthélemy
- Institut quantique, Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Amirreza Ataei
- Institut quantique, Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Weiliang Yao
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Louis Taillefer
- Institut quantique, Département de physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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3
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Kim HL, Saito T, Yang H, Ishizuka H, Coak MJ, Lee JH, Sim H, Oh YS, Nagaosa N, Park JG. Thermal Hall effects due to topological spin fluctuations in YMnO 3. Nat Commun 2024; 15:243. [PMID: 38172119 PMCID: PMC10764330 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The thermal Hall effect in magnetic insulators has been considered a powerful method for examining the topological nature of charge-neutral quasiparticles such as magnons. Yet, unlike the kagome system, the triangular lattice has received less attention for studying the thermal Hall effect because the scalar spin chirality cancels out between adjacent triangles. However, such cancellation cannot be perfect if the triangular lattice is distorted. Here, we report that the trimerized triangular lattice of multiferroic hexagonal manganite YMnO3 produces a highly unusual thermal Hall effect under an applied magnetic field. Our theoretical calculations demonstrate that the thermal Hall conductivity is related to the splitting of the otherwise degenerate two chiralities of its 120˚ magnetic structure. Our result is one of the most unusual cases of topological physics due to this broken Z2 symmetry of the chirality in the supposedly paramagnetic state of YMnO3, due to strong topological spin fluctuations with the additional intricacy of a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Leem Kim
- Center for Quantum Materials & Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Takuma Saito
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Heejun Yang
- Center for Quantum Materials & Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiroaki Ishizuka
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Matthew John Coak
- Center for Quantum Materials & Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jun Han Lee
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hasung Sim
- Center for Quantum Materials & Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Oh
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Naoto Nagaosa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Je-Geun Park
- Center for Quantum Materials & Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Flebus B, MacDonald AH. Phonon Hall Viscosity of Ionic Crystals. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:236301. [PMID: 38134773 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.236301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
When time-reversal symmetry is broken, the low-energy description of acoustic lattice dynamics allows for a dissipationless component of the viscosity tensor, the phonon Hall viscosity, which captures how phonon chirality grows with the wave vector. In this work, we show that, in ionic crystals, a phonon Hall viscosity contribution is produced by the Lorentz forces on moving ions. We calculate typical values of the Lorentz force contribution to the Hall viscosity using a simple square lattice toy model, and we compare it with literature estimates of the strengths of other Hall-viscosity mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Flebus
- Department of Physics, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - A H MacDonald
- Physics Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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5
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Wang WO, Ding JK, Schattner Y, Huang EW, Moritz B, Devereaux TP. The Wiedemann-Franz law in doped Mott insulators without quasiparticles. Science 2023; 382:1070-1073. [PMID: 38033050 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade3232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Many metallic quantum materials display anomalous transport phenomena that defy a Fermi liquid description. Here, we use numerical methods to calculate thermal and charge transport in the doped Hubbard model and observe a crossover separating high- and low-temperature behaviors. Distinct from the behavior at high temperatures, the Lorenz number [Formula: see text] becomes weakly doping dependent and less sensitive to parameters at low temperatures. At the lowest numerically accessible temperatures, [Formula: see text] roughly approaches the Wiedemann-Franz constant [Formula: see text], even in a doped Mott insulator that lacks well-defined quasiparticles. Decomposing the energy current operator indicates a compensation between kinetic and potential contributions, which may help to clarify the interpretation of transport experiments beyond Boltzmann theory in strongly correlated metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen O Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jixun K Ding
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Yoni Schattner
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Edwin W Huang
- Department of Physics and Institute of Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Stavropoulos Center for Complex Quantum Matter, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Brian Moritz
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Thomas P Devereaux
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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6
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Li Z, Ji C, Fan Y, Zhu T, You S, Wu J, Li R, Zhu ZK, Yu P, Kuang X, Luo J. Circularly Polarized Light-Dependent Pyro-Phototronic Effect from 2D Chiral-Polar Double Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25134-25142. [PMID: 37956441 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Chiral hybrid perovskites combine the advantages of chiral materials and halide perovskites, offering an ideal platform for the design of circularly polarized light (CPL) detectors. The pyro-phototronic effect, as a special mechanism of the photoexcited pyroelectric signal, can significantly improve the performance of photodetectors, whereas it remains a great challenge to achieve pyroelectricity-based CPL detection. In this work, the chiroptical phenomena and the pyro-phototronic effect are combined in chiral-polar perovskites to achieve unprecedented pyroelectric-based CPL detection. Two novel two-dimensional (2D) lead-free chiral-polar double perovskites, S/R-[(4-aminophenyl)ethylamine]2AgBiI8·0.5H2O, are successfully designed and synthesized by introducing chiral organic ligands into metal halide frameworks. Strikingly, the photoresponse is substantially boosted with the support of the pyro-phototronic effect, showing an increased pyro-phototronic current that is 40 times greater than the photovoltaic current. Furthermore, the pyroelectric-based detector possesses excellent CPL detection capacity to distinguish different polarization states of CPL photons, which achieve an impressive glph of up to 0.27 at zero bias. This study provides a brand new process for CPL detection by utilizing the pyro-phototronic effect in chiral-polar perovskites, which opens a new avenue for chiral materials in optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, P. R. China
| | - Chengmin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yipeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shihai You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zeng-Kui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Panpan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Kuang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Xu L, Liu J, Xu G, Huang J, Qiu CW. Giant, magnet-free, and room-temperature Hall-like heat transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305755120. [PMID: 37364103 PMCID: PMC10319033 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305755120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal chirality, generically referring to the handedness of heat flux, provides a significant possibility for modern heat control. It may be realized with the thermal Hall effect yet at the high cost of strong magnetic fields and extremely low temperatures. Here, we reveal magnet-free and room-temperature Hall-like heat transfer in an active thermal lattice composed of a stationary solid matrix and rotating solid particles. Rotation breaks the Onsager reciprocity relation and generates giant thermal chirality about two orders of magnitude larger than ever reported at the optimal rotation velocity. We further achieve anisotropic thermal chirality by breaking the rotation invariance of the active lattice, bringing effective thermal conductivity to a region unreachable by the thermal Hall effect. These results could enlighten topological and non-Hermitian heat transfer and efficient heat utilization in ways distinct from phonons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujun Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
- Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing100193, China
| | - Jinrong Liu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
| | - Jiping Huang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore117583, Singapore
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8
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Zhang XW, Ren Y, Wang C, Cao T, Xiao D. Gate-Tunable Phonon Magnetic Moment in Bilayer Graphene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:226302. [PMID: 37327431 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.226302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We develop a first-principles quantum scheme to calculate the phonon magnetic moment in solids. As a showcase example, we apply our method to study gated bilayer graphene, a material with strong covalent bonds. According to the classical theory based on the Born effective charge, the phonon magnetic moment in this system should vanish, yet our quantum mechanical calculations find significant phonon magnetic moments. Furthermore, the magnetic moment is highly tunable by changing the gate voltage. Our results firmly establish the necessity of the quantum mechanical treatment, and identify small-gap covalent materials as a promising platform for studying tunable phonon magnetic moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Yafei Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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9
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Bonini J, Ren S, Vanderbilt D, Stengel M, Dreyer CE, Coh S. Frequency Splitting of Chiral Phonons from Broken Time-Reversal Symmetry in CrI_{3}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:086701. [PMID: 36898102 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.086701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Conventional approaches for lattice dynamics based on static interatomic forces do not fully account for the effects of time-reversal-symmetry breaking in magnetic systems. Recent approaches to rectify this involve incorporating the first-order change in forces with atomic velocities under the assumption of adiabatic separation of electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom. In this Letter, we develop a first-principles method to calculate this velocity-force coupling in extended solids and show via the example of ferromagnetic CrI_{3} that, due to the slow dynamics of the spins in the system, the assumption of adiabatic separation can result in large errors for splittings of zone-center chiral modes. We demonstrate that an accurate description of the lattice dynamics requires treating magnons and phonons on the same footing.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bonini
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - Shang Ren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08845-0849, USA
| | - David Vanderbilt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08845-0849, USA
| | - Massimiliano Stengel
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cyrus E Dreyer
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10010, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
| | - Sinisa Coh
- Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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10
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Li X, Machida Y, Subedi A, Zhu Z, Li L, Behnia K. The phonon thermal Hall angle in black phosphorus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1027. [PMID: 36823192 PMCID: PMC9950068 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of phonon thermal Hall Effect (THE) observed in a variety of insulators is yet to be identified. Here, we report on the observation of a thermal Hall conductivity in a non-magnetic elemental insulator, with an amplitude exceeding what has been previously observed. In black phosphorus (BP), the longitudinal (κii), and the transverse, κij, thermal conductivities peak at the same temperature and at this peak temperature, the κij/κjj/B is ≈ 10-4-10-3 T-1. Both these features are shared by other insulators displaying THE, despite an absolute amplitude spreading over three orders of magnitude. The absence of correlation between the thermal Hall angle and the phonon mean-free-path imposes a severe constraint for theoretical scenarios of THE. We show that in BP a longitudinal and a transverse acoustic phonon mode anti-cross, facilitating wave-like transport across modes. The anisotropic charge distribution surrounding atomic bonds can pave the way for coupling between phonons and the magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Li
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yo Machida
- Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alaska Subedi
- Centre de Physique Théorique, École Polytechnique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
- Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Zengwei Zhu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Liang Li
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kamran Behnia
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux (ESPCI-CNRS-Sorbonne Université), PSL Research University, Paris, France.
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11
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Unconventional short-range structural fluctuations in cuprate superconductors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20483. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22150-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe interplay between structural and electronic degrees of freedom in complex materials is the subject of extensive debate in physics and materials science. Particularly interesting questions pertain to the nature and extent of pre-transitional short-range order in diverse systems ranging from shape-memory alloys to unconventional superconductors, and how this microstructure affects macroscopic properties. Here we use neutron and X-ray diffuse scattering to uncover universal structural fluctuations in La2-xSrxCuO4 and Tl2Ba2CuO6+δ, two cuprate superconductors with distinct point disorder effects and with optimal superconducting transition temperatures that differ by more than a factor of two. The fluctuations are present in wide doping and temperature ranges, including compositions that maintain high average structural symmetry, and they exhibit unusual, yet simple scaling behaviour. The scaling regime is robust and universal, similar to the well-known critical fluctuations close to second-order phase transitions, but with a distinctly different physical origin. We relate this behaviour to pre-transitional phenomena in a broad class of systems with structural and magnetic transitions, and propose an explanation based on rare structural fluctuations caused by intrinsic nanoscale inhomogeneity. We also uncover parallels with superconducting fluctuations, which indicates that the underlying inhomogeneity plays an important role in cuprate physics.
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12
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Phonon drag thermal Hall effect in metallic strontium titanate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201975119. [PMID: 35994652 PMCID: PMC9436374 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201975119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SrTiO3, a quantum paralectric, displays a detectable phonon thermal Hall effect (THE). Here, we show that the amplitude of the THE is extremely sensitive to stoichiometry. It drastically decreases upon substitution of a tiny fraction of Sr atoms with Ca, which stabilizes the ferroelectric order. It drastically increases by an even lower density of oxygen vacancies, which turn the system to a dilute metal. The enhancement in the metallic state exceeds by far the sum of the electronic and the phononic contributions. We explain this observation as an outcome of three features: 1) Heat is mostly transported by phonons; 2) the electronic Hall angle is extremely large; and 3) there is substantial momentum exchange between electrons and phonons. Starting from Herring's picture of phonon drag, we arrive to a quantitative account of the enhanced THE. Thus, phonon drag, hitherto detected as an amplifier of thermoelectric coefficients, can generate a purely thermal transverse response in a dilute metal with a large Hall angle. Our results reveal a hitherto-unknown consequence of momentum-conserving collisions between electrons and phonons.
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13
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Chen L, Boulanger ME, Wang ZC, Tafti F, Taillefer L. Large phonon thermal Hall conductivity in the antiferromagnetic insulator Cu 3TeO 6. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208016119. [PMID: 35969770 PMCID: PMC9407214 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208016119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phonons are known to generate a thermal Hall effect in certain insulators, including oxides with rare-earth impurities, quantum paraelectrics, multiferroic materials, and cuprate Mott insulators. In each case, a special feature of the material is presumed relevant for the underlying mechanism that confers chirality to phonons in a magnetic field. A fundamental question is whether a phonon Hall effect is an unusual occurrence-linked to special characteristics such as skew scattering off rare-earth impurities, structural domains, ferroelectricity, or ferromagnetism-or a much more common property of insulators than hitherto believed. To help answer this question, we have turned to a material with none of the previously encountered special features: the cubic antiferromagnet Cu3TeO6. We find that its thermal Hall conductivity [Formula: see text] is among the largest of any insulator so far. We show that this record-high [Formula: see text] signal is due to phonons, and it does not require the presence of magnetic order, as it persists above the ordering temperature. We conclude that the phonon Hall effect is likely to be a fairly common property of solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Département de Physique, Institut Quantique and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Boulanger
- Département de Physique, Institut Quantique and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Zhi-Cheng Wang
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467
| | - Fazel Tafti
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467
| | - Louis Taillefer
- Département de Physique, Institut Quantique and Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
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14
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Uehara T, Ohtsuki T, Udagawa M, Nakatsuji S, Machida Y. Phonon thermal Hall effect in a metallic spin ice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4604. [PMID: 35933516 PMCID: PMC9357082 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become common knowledge that phonons can generate thermal Hall effect in a wide variety of materials, although the underlying mechanism is still controversial. We study longitudinal κxx and transverse κxy thermal conductivity in Pr2Ir2O7, which is a metallic analog of spin ice. Despite the presence of mobile charge carriers, we find that both κxx and κxy are dominated by phonons. A T/H scaling of κxx unambiguously reveals that longitudinal heat current is substantially impeded by resonant scattering of phonons on paramagnetic spins. Upon cooling, the resonant scattering is strongly affected by a development of spin ice correlation and κxx deviates from the scaling in an anisotropic way with respect to field directions. Strikingly, a set of the κxx and κxy data clearly shows that κxy correlates with κxx in its response to magnetic field including a success of the T/H scaling and its failure at low temperature. This remarkable correlation provides solid evidence that an indispensable role is played by spin-phonon scattering not only for hindering the longitudinal heat conduction, but also for generating the transverse response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Uehara
- Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan
| | - Takumi Ohtsuki
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Masafumi Udagawa
- Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakatsuji
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8581, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- The Institute for Quantum Matter and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Yo Machida
- Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan.
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15
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Guo S, Xu Y, Cheng R, Zhou J, Chen X. Thermal Hall effect in insulating quantum materials. Innovation (N Y) 2022; 3:100290. [PMID: 36039089 PMCID: PMC9418594 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shucheng Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Youming Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Ran Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jianshi Zhou
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Corresponding author
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16
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Zhang H, Xu C, Carnahan C, Sretenovic M, Suri N, Xiao D, Ke X. Anomalous Thermal Hall Effect in an Insulating van der Waals Magnet. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:247202. [PMID: 34951793 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.247202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnets have been a fertile playground for the discovery and exploration of physical phenomena and new physics. In this Letter, we report the observation of an anomalous thermal Hall effect (THE) with κ_{xy}∼1×10^{-2} W K^{-1} m^{-1} in an insulating van der Waals ferromagnet VI_{3}. The thermal Hall signal persists in the absence of an external magnetic field and flips sign upon the switching of the magnetization. In combination with theoretical calculations, we show that VI_{3} exhibits a dual nature of the THE, i.e., dominated by topological magnons hosted by the ferromagnetic honeycomb lattice at higher temperatures and by phonons induced by the magnon-phonon coupling at lower temperatures. Our results not only position VI_{3} as the first ferromagnetic system to investigate both anomalous magnon and phonon THEs, but also render it as a potential platform for spintronics-magnonics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heda Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA
| | - Chunqiang Xu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA
- School of Physics Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Caitlin Carnahan
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Milos Sretenovic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA
| | - Nishchay Suri
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Xianglin Ke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA
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17
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Li H, Zhang TT, Said A, Fabbris G, Mazzone DG, Yan JQ, Mandrus D, Halász GB, Okamoto S, Murakami S, Dean MPM, Lee HN, Miao H. Giant phonon anomalies in the proximate Kitaev quantum spin liquid α-RuCl 3. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3513. [PMID: 34112804 PMCID: PMC8192767 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kitaev quantum spin liquid epitomizes an entangled topological state, for which two flavors of fractionalized low-energy excitations are predicted: the itinerant Majorana fermion and the Z2 gauge flux. It was proposed recently that fingerprints of fractional excitations are encoded in the phonon spectra of Kitaev quantum spin liquids through a novel fractional-excitation-phonon coupling. Here, we detect anomalous phonon effects in α-RuCl3 using inelastic X-ray scattering with meV resolution. At high temperature, we discover interlaced optical phonons intercepting a transverse acoustic phonon between 3 and 7 meV. Upon decreasing temperature, the optical phonons display a large intensity enhancement near the Kitaev energy, JK~8 meV, that coincides with a giant acoustic phonon softening near the Z2 gauge flux energy scale. These phonon anomalies signify the coupling of phonon and Kitaev magnetic excitations in α-RuCl3 and demonstrates a proof-of-principle method to detect anomalous excitations in topological quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Li
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - T T Zhang
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokodai Institute for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - A Said
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - G Fabbris
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - D G Mazzone
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - J Q Yan
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - D Mandrus
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, the University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Gábor B Halász
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - S Okamoto
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - S Murakami
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Tokodai Institute for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - M P M Dean
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - H N Lee
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - H Miao
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
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18
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Sim S, Yang H, Kim HL, Coak MJ, Itoh M, Noda Y, Park JG. Sizable Suppression of Thermal Hall Effect upon Isotopic Substitution in SrTiO_{3}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:015901. [PMID: 33480802 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.015901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of the thermal Hall effect in single crystals of both pristine and isotopically substituted strontium titanate. We discovered a 2 orders of magnitude difference in the thermal Hall conductivity between SrTi^{16}O_{3} and ^{18}O-enriched SrTi^{18}O_{3} samples. In most temperature ranges, the magnitude of thermal Hall conductivity (κ_{xy}) in SrTi^{18}O_{3} is proportional to the magnitude of the longitudinal thermal conductivity (κ_{xx}), which suggests a phonon-mediated thermal Hall effect. However, they deviate in the temperature of their maxima, and the thermal Hall angle ratio (|κ_{xy}/κ_{xx}|) shows anomalously decreasing behavior below the ferroelectric Curie temperature T_{c}∼25 K. This observation suggests a new underlying mechanism, as the conventional scenario cannot explain such differences within the slight change in phonon spectrum. Notably, the difference in magnitude of thermal Hall conductivity and rapidly decreasing thermal Hall angle ratio in SrTi^{18}O_{3} is correlated with the strength of quantum critical fluctuations in this displacive ferroelectric. This relation points to a link between the quantum critical physics of strontium titanate and its thermal Hall effect, a possible clue to explain this example of an exotic phenomenon in nonmagnetic insulating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Sim
- Center for Quantum Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Heejun Yang
- Center for Quantum Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ha-Leem Kim
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Matthew J Coak
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Mitsuru Itoh
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics (RIAEP), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Central-2, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Yukio Noda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Je-Geun Park
- Center for Quantum Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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19
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Kavokin AV, Galperin YM, Varlamov AA. Proposed Model of the Giant Thermal Hall Effect in Two-Dimensional Superconductors: An Extension to the Superconducting Fluctuation Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:217005. [PMID: 33274986 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.217005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We extend the thermodynamic approach for the description of the thermal Hall effect in two-dimensional superconductors above the critical temperature, where fluctuation Cooper pairs contribute to the conductivity, as well as in disordered normal metals where the particle-particle channel is important. We express the Hall heat conductivity in terms of the product of temperature derivatives of the chemical potential and of the magnetization of the system. Based on this general expression, we derive the analytical formalism that qualitatively reproduces the superlinear increase of the thermal Hall conductivity with the decrease of temperature observed in a large variety of experimentally studied systems [Grissonnanche et al., Nature (London) 571, 376 (2019)NATUAS0028-083610.1038/s41586-019-1375-0]. We also predict a nonmonotonic behavior of the thermal Hall conductivity in the regime of quantum fluctuations, in the vicinity of the second critical field and at very low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Kavokin
- Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, Ulyanovskaya 1, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Y M Galperin
- A. F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Polytekhnicheskaya 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - A A Varlamov
- CNR-SPIN, DICII-University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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20
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Revival of Charge Density Waves and Charge Density Fluctuations in Cuprate High-Temperature Superconductors. CONDENSED MATTER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/condmat5040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
I present here a short memory of my scientific contacts with K.A. Müller starting from the Interlaken Conference (1988), Erice (1992 and 1993), and Cottbus (1994) on the initial studies on phase separation (PS) and charge inhomogeneity in cuprates carried out against the view of the majority of the scientific community at that time. Going over the years and passing through the charge density wave (CDW) instability of the correlated Fermi liquid (FL) and to the consequences of charge density fluctuations (CDFs), I end with a presentation of my current research activity on CDWs and the related two-dimensional charge density fluctuations (2D-CDFs). A scenario follows of the physics of cuprates, which includes the solution of the decades-long problem of the strange metal (SM) state.
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21
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Boulanger ME, Grissonnanche G, Badoux S, Allaire A, Lefrançois É, Legros A, Gourgout A, Dion M, Wang CH, Chen XH, Liang R, Hardy WN, Bonn DA, Taillefer L. Thermal Hall conductivity in the cuprate Mott insulators Nd 2CuO 4 and Sr 2CuO 2Cl 2. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5325. [PMID: 33087726 PMCID: PMC7577976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat carriers responsible for the unexpectedly large thermal Hall conductivity of the cuprate Mott insulator La2CuO4 were recently shown to be phonons. However, the mechanism by which phonons in cuprates acquire chirality in a magnetic field is still unknown. Here, we report a similar thermal Hall conductivity in two cuprate Mott insulators with significantly different crystal structures and magnetic orders – Nd2CuO4 and Sr2CuO2Cl2 – and show that two potential mechanisms can be excluded – the scattering of phonons by rare-earth impurities and by structural domains. Our comparative study further reveals that orthorhombicity, apical oxygens, the tilting of oxygen octahedra and the canting of spins out of the CuO2 planes are not essential to the mechanism of chirality. Our findings point to a chiral mechanism coming from a coupling of acoustic phonons to the intrinsic excitations of the CuO2 planes. What makes the phonons in cuprates become chiral, as measured by their thermal Hall effect, is an unresolved question. Here, the authors rule out two extrinsic mechanisms and argue that chirality comes from a coupling of acoustic phonons to the intrinsic excitations of the CuO2 planes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Boulanger
- Institut Quantique, Département de Physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Gaël Grissonnanche
- Institut Quantique, Département de Physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Sven Badoux
- Institut Quantique, Département de Physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Andréanne Allaire
- Institut Quantique, Département de Physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Étienne Lefrançois
- Institut Quantique, Département de Physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Anaëlle Legros
- Institut Quantique, Département de Physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.,SPEC, CEA, CNRS-UMR3680, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Adrien Gourgout
- Institut Quantique, Département de Physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Maxime Dion
- Institut Quantique, Département de Physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - C H Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - X H Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - R Liang
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - W N Hardy
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - D A Bonn
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Louis Taillefer
- Institut Quantique, Département de Physique & RQMP, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada. .,Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada.
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22
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Heath JT, Bedell KS. Universal signatures of Majorana-like quasiparticles in strongly correlated Landau-Fermi liquids. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:485602. [PMID: 32903219 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abaeb0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by recent experiments in the Kitaev honeycomb lattice, Kondo insulators, and the 'Luttinger's theorem-violating' Fermi liquid phase of the underdoped cuprates, we extend the theoretical machinery of Landau-Fermi liquid theory to a system of itinerant, interacting Majorana-like particles. Building upon a previously introduced model of 'nearly self-conjugate' fermionic polarons, a Landau-Majorana kinetic equation is introduced to describe the collective modes and Fermi surface instabilities in a fluid of particles whose fermionic degrees of freedom obey the Majorana reality condition. At large screening, we show that the Landau-Majorana liquid harbors a Lifshitz transition for specific values of the driving frequency. Moreover, we find the dispersion of the zero sound collective mode in such a system, showing that there exists a specific limit where the Landau-Majorana liquid harbors a stability against Pomeranchuk deformations unseen in the conventional Landau-Fermi liquid. With these results, our work paves the way for possible extensions of the Landau quasiparticle paradigm to nontrivial metallic phases of matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshuah T Heath
- Physics Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States of America
| | - Kevin S Bedell
- Physics Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States of America
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23
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Yang YF, Zhang GM, Zhang FC. Universal Behavior of the Thermal Hall Conductivity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:186602. [PMID: 32441947 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.186602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report theoretical and experimental analyses of the thermal Hall conductivity in correlated systems. For both fermionic and bosonic excitations with nontrivial topology, we show that at "intermediate" temperatures, the thermal Hall conductivity exhibits an unexpected universal scaling with a simple exponential form. At low temperatures, it behaves differently and reflects the spectral properties of underlying excitations. Our predictions are examined as examples in two prototype compounds, the quantum paraelectric SrTiO_{3} and the spin-liquid compound RuCl_{3}. The experimental data can be largely covered by our proposed minimal phenomenological model independent of microscopic details, revealing dominant bosonic contributions in SrTiO_{3} and gapped fermionic excitations in RuCl_{3}. Our work establishes a phenomenological link between microscopic models and experimental data and provides a unified basis for analyzing the thermal Hall conductivity in correlated systems over a wide temperature region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Yang
- Beijing National Lab for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Guang-Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fu-Chun Zhang
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences and CAS Center for Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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24
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Chen JY, Kivelson SA, Sun XQ. Enhanced Thermal Hall Effect in Nearly Ferroelectric Insulators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:167601. [PMID: 32383931 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.167601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the context of recent experimental observations of an unexpectedly large thermal Hall conductivity, κ_{H}, in insulating La_{2}CuO_{4} (LCO) and SrTiO_{3} (STO), we theoretically explore conditions under which acoustic phonons can give rise to such a large κ_{H}. Both the intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to κ_{H} are large in proportion to the dielectric constant, ε, and the "flexoelectric" coupling, F. While the intrinsic contribution is still orders of magnitude smaller than the observed effect, an extrinsic contribution proportional to the phonon mean-free path appears likely to account for the observations, at least in STO. We predict a larger intrinsic κ_{H} in certain insulating perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yuan Chen
- Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Steven A Kivelson
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Xiao-Qi Sun
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Stanford Center for Topological Quantum Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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25
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Li X, Fauqué B, Zhu Z, Behnia K. Phonon Thermal Hall Effect in Strontium Titanate. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:105901. [PMID: 32216396 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.105901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been known for more than a decade that phonons can produce an off-diagonal thermal conductivity in the presence of a magnetic field. Recent studies of thermal Hall conductivity, κ_{xy}, in a variety of contexts, however, have assumed a negligibly small phonon contribution. We present a study of κ_{xy} in quantum paraelectric SrTiO_{3}, which is a nonmagnetic insulator and find that its peak value exceeds what has been reported in any other insulator, including those in which the signal has been qualified as "giant." Remarkably, κ_{xy}(T) and κ(T) peak at the same temperature and the former decreases faster than the latter at both sides of the peak. Interestingly, in the case of La_{2}CuO_{4} and α-RuCl_{3}, κ_{xy}(T) and κ(T) peak also at the same temperature. We also studied KTaO_{3} and found a small signal, indicating that a sizable κ_{xy}(T) is not a generic feature of quantum paraelectrics. Combined to other observations, this points to a crucial role played by antiferrodistortive domains in generating κ_{xy} of this solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Li
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (CNRS) ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Benoît Fauqué
- JEIP, USR 3573 CNRS, Collège de France, PSL University, 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Zengwei Zhu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kamran Behnia
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (CNRS) ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
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26
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Yamashita M, Akazawa M, Shimozawa M, Shibauchi T, Matsuda Y, Ishikawa H, Yajima T, Hiroi Z, Oda M, Yoshida H, Lee HY, Han JH, Kawashima N. Thermal-transport studies of kagomé antiferromagnets. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:074001. [PMID: 31648207 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab50e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Searching for the ground state of a kagomé Heisenberg antiferromagnet (KHA) has been one of the central issues of condensed-matter physics, because the KHA is expected to host spin-liquid phases with exotic elementary excitations. Here, we show our longitudinal ([Formula: see text]) and transverse ([Formula: see text]) thermal conductivities measurements of the two kagomé materials, volborthite and Ca kapellasite. Although magnetic orders appear at temperatures much lower than the antiferromagnetic energy scale in both materials, the nature of spin liquids can be captured above the transition temperatures. The temperature and field dependence of [Formula: see text] is analyzed by spin and phonon contributions, and large sample variations of the spin contribution are found in volborthite. Clear changes in [Formula: see text] are observed at the multiple magnetic transitions in volborthite, showing different magnetic thermal conduction in different magnetic structures. These magnetic contributions are not clearly observed in low-[Formula: see text] crystals of volborthite, and are almost absent in Ca kapellasite, showing the high sensitivity of the magnetic excitation in [Formula: see text] to the defects in crystals. On the other hand, a clear thermal Hall signal has been observed in the lowest-[Formula: see text] crystal of volborthite and in Ca kapellasite. Remarkably, both the temperature dependence and the magnitude of [Formula: see text] of volborthite are found to be very similar to those of Ca kapellasite, despite of about an order of magnitude difference in [Formula: see text] We find that [Formula: see text] of both compounds is well reproduced, both qualitatively and quantitatively, by spin excitations described by the Schwinger-boson mean-field theory applied to KHA with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. This excellent agreement demonstrates not only that the thermal Hall effect in these kagomé antiferromagnets is caused by spins in the spin liquid phase, but also that the elementary excitations of this spin liquid phase are well described by the bosonic spin excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Yamashita
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8581, Japan
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27
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Shi Z, Baity PG, Sasagawa T, Popović D. Vortex phase diagram and the normal state of cuprates with charge and spin orders. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay8946. [PMID: 32110736 PMCID: PMC7021506 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay8946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The phase diagram of underdoped cuprates in a magnetic field (H) is key to understanding the anomalous normal state of these high-temperature superconductors. However, the upper critical field (H c2), the extent of superconducting (SC) phase with vortices, and the role of charge orders at high H remain controversial. Here we study stripe-ordered La-214, i.e., cuprates in which charge orders are most pronounced and zero-field SC transition temperatures T c 0 are lowest. This enables us to explore the vortex phases in a previously inaccessible energy scale window. By combining linear and nonlinear transport techniques sensitive to vortex matter, we determine the T - H phase diagram, directly detect H c2, and reveal novel properties of the high-field ground state. Our results demonstrate that quantum fluctuations and disorder play a key role as T → 0, while the high-field ground state is likely a metal, not an insulator, due to the presence of stripes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhong Shi
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - P. G. Baity
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - T. Sasagawa
- Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Dragana Popović
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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