1
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Oppliger J, Denner MM, Küspert J, Frison R, Wang Q, Morawietz A, Ivashko O, Dippel AC, Zimmermann MV, Biało I, Martinelli L, Fauqué B, Choi J, Garcia-Fernandez M, Zhou KJ, Christensen NB, Kurosawa T, Momono N, Oda M, Natterer FD, Fischer MH, Neupert T, Chang J. Weak signal extraction enabled by deep neural network denoising of diffraction data. NAT MACH INTELL 2024; 6:180-186. [PMID: 38404481 PMCID: PMC10883886 DOI: 10.1038/s42256-024-00790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The removal or cancellation of noise has wide-spread applications in imaging and acoustics. In applications in everyday life, such as image restoration, denoising may even include generative aspects, which are unfaithful to the ground truth. For scientific use, however, denoising must reproduce the ground truth accurately. Denoising scientific data is further challenged by unknown noise profiles. In fact, such data will often include noise from multiple distinct sources, which substantially reduces the applicability of simulation-based approaches. Here we show how scientific data can be denoised by using a deep convolutional neural network such that weak signals appear with quantitative accuracy. In particular, we study X-ray diffraction and resonant X-ray scattering data recorded on crystalline materials. We demonstrate that weak signals stemming from charge ordering, insignificant in the noisy data, become visible and accurate in the denoised data. This success is enabled by supervised training of a deep neural network with pairs of measured low- and high-noise data. We additionally show that using artificial noise does not yield such quantitatively accurate results. Our approach thus illustrates a practical strategy for noise filtering that can be applied to challenging acquisition problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Oppliger
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Julia Küspert
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruggero Frison
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Qisi Wang
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Oleh Ivashko
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Izabela Biało
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Benoît Fauqué
- JEIP, USR 3573 CNRS, Collège de France, PSL University, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Tohru Kurosawa
- Department of Physics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Momono
- Department of Physics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Applied Sciences, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Japan
| | - Migaku Oda
- Department of Physics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | - Titus Neupert
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johan Chang
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Yang Z, Fauqué B, Nomura T, Shitaokoshi T, Kim S, Chowdhury D, Pribulová Z, Kačmarčík J, Pourret A, Knebel G, Aoki D, Klein T, Maude DK, Marcenat C, Kohama Y. Unveiling the double-peak structure of quantum oscillations in the specific heat. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7006. [PMID: 37938579 PMCID: PMC10632398 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum oscillation phenomenon is an essential tool to understand the electronic structure of quantum matter. Here we report a systematic study of quantum oscillations in the electronic specific heat Cel in natural graphite. We show that the crossing of a single spin Landau level and the Fermi energy give rise to a double-peak structure, in striking contrast to the single peak expected from Lifshitz-Kosevich theory. Intriguingly, the double-peak structure is predicted by the kernel term for Cel/T in the free electron theory. The Cel/T represents a spectroscopic tuning fork of width 4.8kBT which can be tuned at will to resonance. Using a coincidence method, the double-peak structure can be used to accurately determine the Landé g-factors of quantum materials. More generally, the tuning fork can be used to reveal any peak in fermionic density of states tuned by magnetic field, such as Lifshitz transition in heavy-fermion compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Yang
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan.
| | - Benoît Fauqué
- JEIP, USR 3573 CNRS, Collège de France, PSL Research University, 11, Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Toshihiro Nomura
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Takashi Shitaokoshi
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | | | - Zuzana Pribulová
- Centre of Low Temperature Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, SK-04001, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Kačmarčík
- Centre of Low Temperature Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, SK-04001, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Alexandre Pourret
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble INP, IRIG, PHELIQS, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Georg Knebel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble INP, IRIG, PHELIQS, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Dai Aoki
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Oarai, Ibaraki, 311-1313, Japan
| | - Thierry Klein
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Duncan K Maude
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, 143 avenue de Rangueil, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Marcenat
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble INP, IRIG, PHELIQS, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Yoshimitsu Kohama
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
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3
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Jiang S, Fauqué B, Behnia K. T-Square Dependence of the Electronic Thermal Resistivity of Metallic Strontium Titanate. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:016301. [PMID: 37478431 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.016301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The temperature dependence of the phase space for electron-electron (e-e) collisions leads to a T-square contribution to electrical resistivity of metals. Umklapp scattering is identified as the origin of momentum loss due to e-e scattering in dense metals. However, in dilute metals like lightly doped strontium titanate, the origin of T-square electrical resistivity in the absence of umklapp events is yet to be pinned down. Here, by separating electron and phonon contributions to heat transport, we extract the electronic thermal resistivity in niobium-doped strontium titanate and show that it also displays a T-square temperature dependence. Its amplitude correlates with the T-square electrical resistivity. The Wiedemann-Franz law strictly holds in the zero-temperature limit, but not at finite temperature, because the two T-square prefactors are different by a factor of ≈3, like in other Fermi liquids. Recalling the case of ^{3}He, we argue that T-square thermal resistivity does not require umklapp events. The approximate recovery of the Wiedemann-Franz law in the presence of disorder would account for a T-square electrical resistivity without umklapp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux (ESPCI Paris - CNRS - Sorbonne Université), PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Benoît Fauqué
- JEIP, USR 3573 CNRS, Collège de France, PSL University, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Kamran Behnia
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux (ESPCI Paris - CNRS - Sorbonne Université), PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
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4
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Marcenat C, Klein T, LeBoeuf D, Jaoui A, Seyfarth G, Kačmarčík J, Kohama Y, Cercellier H, Aubin H, Behnia K, Fauqué B. Wide Critical Fluctuations of the Field-Induced Phase Transition in Graphite. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:106801. [PMID: 33784120 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.106801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the immediate vicinity of the critical temperature (T_{c}) of a phase transition, there are fluctuations of the order parameter that reside beyond the mean-field approximation. Such critical fluctuations usually occur in a very narrow temperature window in contrast to Gaussian fluctuations. Here, we report on a study of specific heat in graphite subject to a high magnetic field when all carriers are confined in the lowest Landau levels. The observation of a BCS-like specific heat jump in both temperature and field sweeps establishes that the phase transition discovered decades ago in graphite is of the second order. The jump is preceded by a steady field-induced enhancement of the electronic specific heat. A modest (20%) reduction in the amplitude of the magnetic field (from 33 to 27 T) leads to a threefold decrease of T_{c} and a drastic widening of the specific heat anomaly, which acquires a tail spreading to two times T_{c}. We argue that the steady departure from the mean-field BCS behavior is the consequence of an exceptionally large Ginzburg number in this dilute metal, which grows steadily as the field lowers. Our fit of the critical fluctuations indicates that they belong to the 3DXY universality class as in the case of the ^{4}He superfluid transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Marcenat
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, PHELIQS, LATEQS, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thierry Klein
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - David LeBoeuf
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses (LNCMI-EMFL), CNRS, UGA, UPS, INSA, 38042 Grenoble/Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandre Jaoui
- JEIP, USR 3573 CNRS, Collège de France, PSL Research University, 11, Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Laboratoire de Physique et Etude des Matériaux (CNRS/UPMC), Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Seyfarth
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses (LNCMI-EMFL), CNRS, UGA, UPS, INSA, 38042 Grenoble/Toulouse, France
| | - Jozef Kačmarčík
- Centre of Low Temperature Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, SK-04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Yoshimitsu Kohama
- The Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Hervé Cercellier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Hervé Aubin
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Kamran Behnia
- Laboratoire de Physique et Etude des Matériaux (CNRS/UPMC), Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Benoît Fauqué
- JEIP, USR 3573 CNRS, Collège de France, PSL Research University, 11, Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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5
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Rischau CW, Li Y, Fauqué B, Inoue H, Kim M, Bell C, Hwang HY, Kapitulnik A, Behnia K. Universal Bound to the Amplitude of the Vortex Nernst Signal in Superconductors. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:077001. [PMID: 33666461 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.077001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A liquid of superconducting vortices generates a transverse thermoelectric response. This Nernst signal has a tail deep in the normal state due to superconducting fluctuations. Here, we present a study of the Nernst effect in two-dimensional heterostructures of Nb-doped strontium titanate (STO) and in amorphous MoGe. The Nernst signal generated by ephemeral Cooper pairs above the critical temperature has the magnitude expected by theory in STO. On the other hand, the peak amplitude of the vortex Nernst signal below T_{c} is comparable in both and in numerous other superconductors despite the large distribution of the critical temperature and the critical magnetic fields. In four superconductors belonging to different families, the maximum Nernst signal corresponds to an entropy per vortex per layer of ≈k_{B}ln2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Willem Rischau
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux (ESPCI Paris-CNRS-Sorbonne Université), PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yuke Li
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux (ESPCI Paris-CNRS-Sorbonne Université), PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Benoît Fauqué
- JEIP, USR 3573 CNRS, Collège de France, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hisashi Inoue
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Minu Kim
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Christopher Bell
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Harold Y Hwang
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Aharon Kapitulnik
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kamran Behnia
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux (ESPCI Paris-CNRS-Sorbonne Université), PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
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6
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Jaoui A, Fauqué B, Behnia K. Thermal resistivity and hydrodynamics of the degenerate electron fluid in antimony. Nat Commun 2021; 12:195. [PMID: 33420029 PMCID: PMC7794374 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting hydrodynamic fingerprints in the flow of electrons in solids constitutes a dynamic field of investigation in contemporary condensed matter physics. Most attention has been focused on the regime near the degeneracy temperature when the thermal velocity can present a spatially modulated profile. Here, we report on the observation of a hydrodynamic feature in the flow of quasi-ballistic degenerate electrons in bulk antimony. By scrutinizing the temperature dependence of thermal and electric resistivities, we detect a size-dependent departure from the Wiedemann-Franz law, unexpected in the momentum-relaxing picture of transport. This observation finds a natural explanation in the hydrodynamic picture, where upon warming, momentum-conserving collisions reduce quadratically in temperature both viscosity and thermal diffusivity. This effect has been established theoretically and experimentally in normal-state liquid 3He. The comparison of electrons in antimony and fermions in 3He paves the way to a quantification of momentum-conserving fermion-fermion collision rate in different Fermi liquids. Viscous fermionic flow appears in liquid helium but rarely appears in metallic solid. Here, Jaoui et al. report a T-square thermal resistivity due to momentum conserving electronic scattering in semi-metallic antimony, which is in agreement with the hydrodynamic scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Jaoui
- JEIP, USR 3573 CNRS, Collège de France, PSL Research University, 11, Place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris, Cedex 05, 75231, France. .,Laboratoire de Physique et Etude des Matériaux (CNRS/UPMC), Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, 10 Rue Vauquelin, Paris, 75005, France.
| | - Benoît Fauqué
- JEIP, USR 3573 CNRS, Collège de France, PSL Research University, 11, Place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris, Cedex 05, 75231, France
| | - Kamran Behnia
- Laboratoire de Physique et Etude des Matériaux (CNRS/UPMC), Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, 10 Rue Vauquelin, Paris, 75005, France
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7
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Abstract
An exciton is an electron-hole pair bound by attractive Coulomb interaction. Short-lived excitons have been detected by a variety of experimental probes in numerous contexts. An excitonic insulator, a collective state of such excitons, has been more elusive. Here, thanks to Nernst measurements in pulsed magnetic fields, we show that in graphite there is a critical temperature (T = 9.2 K) and a critical magnetic field (B = 47 T) for Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons. At this critical field, hole and electron Landau subbands simultaneously cross the Fermi level and allow exciton formation. By quantifying the effective mass and the spatial separation of the excitons in the basal plane, we show that the degeneracy temperature of the excitonic fluid corresponds to this critical temperature. This identification would explain why the field-induced transition observed in graphite is not a universal feature of three-dimensional electron systems pushed beyond the quantum limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Wang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pan Nie
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huakun Zuo
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Benoît Fauqué
- Jeunes Équipes de l'Institut de Physique, Unité Mixte de Service et de Recherche 3573, CNRS, Collège de France, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Zengwei Zhu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kamran Behnia
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux, CNRS, École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles Paris, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75005 Paris, France
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8
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Xu L, Li X, Lu X, Collignon C, Fu H, Koo J, Fauqué B, Yan B, Zhu Z, Behnia K. Finite-temperature violation of the anomalous transverse Wiedemann-Franz law. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaaz3522. [PMID: 32494640 PMCID: PMC7182422 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz3522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Wiedemann-Franz (WF) law has been tested in numerous solids, but the extent of its relevance to the anomalous transverse transport and the topological nature of the wave function, remains an open question. Here, we present a study of anomalous transverse response in the noncollinear antiferromagnet Mn3Ge extended from room temperature down to sub-kelvin temperature and find that the anomalous Lorenz ratio remains close to the Sommerfeld value up to 100 K but not above. The finite-temperature violation of the WF correlation is caused by a mismatch between the thermal and electrical summations of the Berry curvature and not by inelastic scattering. This interpretation is backed by our theoretical calculations, which reveals a competition between the temperature and the Berry curvature distribution. The data accuracy is supported by verifying the anomalous Bridgman relation. The anomalous Lorenz ratio is thus an extremely sensitive probe of the Berry spectrum of a solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangcai Xu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (CNRS), ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Xiufang Lu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Clément Collignon
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (CNRS), ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
- JEIP, USR 3573 CNRS, Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Huixia Fu
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jahyun Koo
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Benoît Fauqué
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (CNRS), ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
- JEIP, USR 3573 CNRS, Collège de France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Binghai Yan
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
- Corresponding author. (B.Y.); (Z.Z.); (K.B.)
| | - Zengwei Zhu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Corresponding author. (B.Y.); (Z.Z.); (K.B.)
| | - Kamran Behnia
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (CNRS), ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
- Corresponding author. (B.Y.); (Z.Z.); (K.B.)
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9
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Li X, Fauqué B, Zhu Z, Behnia K. Phonon Thermal Hall Effect in Strontium Titanate. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:105901. [PMID: 32216396 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.105901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been known for more than a decade that phonons can produce an off-diagonal thermal conductivity in the presence of a magnetic field. Recent studies of thermal Hall conductivity, κ_{xy}, in a variety of contexts, however, have assumed a negligibly small phonon contribution. We present a study of κ_{xy} in quantum paraelectric SrTiO_{3}, which is a nonmagnetic insulator and find that its peak value exceeds what has been reported in any other insulator, including those in which the signal has been qualified as "giant." Remarkably, κ_{xy}(T) and κ(T) peak at the same temperature and the former decreases faster than the latter at both sides of the peak. Interestingly, in the case of La_{2}CuO_{4} and α-RuCl_{3}, κ_{xy}(T) and κ(T) peak also at the same temperature. We also studied KTaO_{3} and found a small signal, indicating that a sizable κ_{xy}(T) is not a generic feature of quantum paraelectrics. Combined to other observations, this points to a crucial role played by antiferrodistortive domains in generating κ_{xy} of this solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Li
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (CNRS) ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Benoît Fauqué
- JEIP, USR 3573 CNRS, Collège de France, PSL University, 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Zengwei Zhu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kamran Behnia
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (CNRS) ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany
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10
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Li X, Collignon C, Xu L, Zuo H, Cavanna A, Gennser U, Mailly D, Fauqué B, Balents L, Zhu Z, Behnia K. Chiral domain walls of Mn 3Sn and their memory. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3021. [PMID: 31289269 PMCID: PMC6616569 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic domain walls are topological solitons whose internal structure is set by competing energies which sculpt them. In common ferromagnets, domain walls are known to be of either Bloch or Néel types. Little is established in the case of Mn3Sn, a triangular antiferromagnet with a large room-temperature anomalous Hall effect, where domain nucleation is triggered by a well-defined threshold magnetic field. Here, we show that the domain walls of this system generate an additional contribution to the Hall conductivity tensor and a transverse magnetization. The former is an electric field lying in the same plane with the magnetic field and electric current and therefore a planar Hall effect. We demonstrate that in-plane rotation of spins inside the domain wall would explain both observations and the clockwise or anticlockwise chirality of the walls depends on the history of the field orientation and can be controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Li
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude de Matériaux (CNRS), ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Clément Collignon
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude de Matériaux (CNRS), ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
- JEIP (USR 3573 CNRS), Collège de France, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Liangcai Xu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huakun Zuo
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Antonella Cavanna
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Ulf Gennser
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Dominique Mailly
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Benoît Fauqué
- JEIP (USR 3573 CNRS), Collège de France, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Leon Balents
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Zengwei Zhu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Kamran Behnia
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude de Matériaux (CNRS), ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France.
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, 50937, Köln, Germany.
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11
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Giraldo-Gallo P, Walmsley P, Sangiorgio B, Riggs SC, McDonald RD, Buchauer L, Fauqué B, Liu C, Spaldin NA, Kaminski A, Behnia K, Fisher IR. Evidence of Incoherent Carriers Associated with Resonant Impurity Levels and Their Influence on Superconductivity in the Anomalous Superconductor Pb_{1-x}Tl_{x}Te. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:207001. [PMID: 30500239 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.207001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the evolution of the Fermi surface of the anomalous superconductor Pb_{1-x}Tl_{x}Te as a function of thallium concentration, drawing on a combination of magnetotransport measurements (Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations and the Hall coefficient), angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations of the electronic structure. Our results indicate that for Tl concentrations beyond a critical value, the Fermi energy coincides with resonant impurity states in Pb_{1-x}Tl_{x}Te, and we rule out the presence of an additional valence band maximum at the Fermi energy. A comparison to nonsuperconducting Pb_{1-x}Na_{x}Te implies that the presence of these impurity states at the Fermi energy provides the enhanced pairing interaction and thus also the anomalously high temperature superconductivity in this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Giraldo-Gallo
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - P Walmsley
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - B Sangiorgio
- Materials Theory, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S C Riggs
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
| | - R D McDonald
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Buchauer
- LPEM (UPMC-CNRS), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - B Fauqué
- LPEM (UPMC-CNRS), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Chang Liu
- Ames Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - N A Spaldin
- Materials Theory, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Kaminski
- Ames Laboratory and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - K Behnia
- LPEM (UPMC-CNRS), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - I R Fisher
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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12
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Abstract
In this paper, we first review fundamental aspects of magnetoresistance in multi-valley systems based on the semiclassical theory. Then we will review experimental evidence and theoretical understanding of magnetoresistance in an archetypal multi-valley system, where the electric conductivity is set by the sum of the contributions of different valleys. Bulk bismuth has three valleys with an extremely anisotropic effective mass. As a consequence the magnetoconductivity in each valley is extremely sensitive to the orientation of the magnetic field. Therefore, a rotating magnetic field plays the role of a valley valve tuning the contribution of each valley to the total conductivity. In addition to this simple semiclassical effect, other phenomena arise in the high-field limit as a consequence of an intricate Landau spectrum. In the vicinity of the quantum limit, the orientation of magnetic field significantly affects the distribution of carriers in each valley, namely, the valley polarization is induced by the magnetic field. Moreover, experiment has found that well beyond the quantum limit, one or two valleys become totally empty. This is the only case in condensed matter physics where a Fermi sea is completely dried up by a magnetic field without a metal-insulator transition. There have been two long-standing problems on bismuth near the quantum limit: the large anisotropic Zeeman splitting of holes, and the extra peaks in quantum oscillations, which cannot be assigned to any known Landau levels. These problems are solved by taking into account the interband effect due to the spin-orbit couplings for the former, and the contributions from the twinned crystal for the latter. Up to here, the whole spectrum can be interpreted within the one-particle theory. Finally, we will discuss transport and thermodynamic signatures of breaking of the valley symmetry in this system. By this term, we refer to the observed spontaneous loss of threefold symmetry at high magnetic field and low temperature. Its theoretical understanding is still missing. We will discuss possible explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengwei Zhu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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13
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Zhu Z, Wang J, Zuo H, Fauqué B, McDonald RD, Fuseya Y, Behnia K. Emptying Dirac valleys in bismuth using high magnetic fields. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15297. [PMID: 28524844 PMCID: PMC5454462 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fermi surface of elemental bismuth consists of three small rotationally equivalent electron pockets, offering a valley degree of freedom to charge carriers. A relatively small magnetic field can confine electrons to their lowest Landau level. This is the quantum limit attained in other dilute metals upon application of sufficiently strong magnetic field. Here we report on the observation of another threshold magnetic field never encountered before in any other solid. Above this field, Bempty, one or two valleys become totally empty. Drying up a Fermi sea by magnetic field in the Brillouin zone leads to a manyfold enhancement in electric conductance. We trace the origin of the large drop in magnetoresistance across Bempty to transfer of carriers between valleys with highly anisotropic mobilities. The non-interacting picture of electrons with field-dependent mobility explains most results but the Coulomb interaction may play a role in shaping the fine details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengwei Zhu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.,MS-E536, NHMFL, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huakun Zuo
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Benoît Fauqué
- Laboratoire Physique et Etude de Matériaux (CNRS-UPMC) ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France.,JEIP, USR 3573 CNRS, Collège de France, PSL Research University, 11, place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris Cedex 05 75231, France
| | - Ross D McDonald
- MS-E536, NHMFL, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Yuki Fuseya
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Kamran Behnia
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.,Laboratoire Physique et Etude de Matériaux (CNRS-UPMC) ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
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14
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Abstract
Scattering among electrons generates a distinct contribution to electrical resistivity that follows a quadratic temperature (T) dependence. In strongly correlated electron systems, the prefactor A of this T(2) resistivity scales with the magnitude of the electronic specific heat, γ. Here we show that one can change the magnitude of A by four orders of magnitude in metallic strontium titanate (SrTiO3) by tuning the concentration of the carriers and, consequently, the Fermi energy. The T(2) behavior persists in the single-band dilute limit despite the absence of two known mechanisms for T(2) behavior: distinct electron reservoirs and Umklapp processes. The results highlight the absence of a microscopic theory for momentum decay through electron-electron scattering in various Fermi liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- Laboratoire de Physique et Etude des Matériaux (CNRS/UPMC), Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Benoît Fauqué
- Laboratoire de Physique et Etude des Matériaux (CNRS/UPMC), Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Kamran Behnia
- Laboratoire de Physique et Etude des Matériaux (CNRS/UPMC), Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, 10 Rue Vauquelin, F-75005 Paris, France.
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15
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Fuseya Y, Zhu Z, Fauqué B, Kang W, Lenoir B, Behnia K. Origin of the Large Anisotropic g Factor of Holes in Bismuth. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:216401. [PMID: 26636860 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.216401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ratio of the Zeeman splitting to the cyclotron energy (M=ΔE_{Z}/ℏω_{c}) for holelike carriers in bismuth has been quantified with great precision by many experiments performed during the past five decades. It exceeds 2 when the magnetic field is along the trigonal axis and vanishes in the perpendicular configuration. Theoretically, however, M is expected to be isotropic and equal to unity in a two-band Dirac model. We argue that a solution to this half-a-century-old puzzle can be found by extending the k·p theory to multiple bands. Our model not only gives a quantitative account of the magnitude and anisotropy of M for holelike carriers in bismuth, but also explains its contrasting evolution with antimony doping and pressure, both probed by new experiments reported here. The present results have important implications for the magnitude and anisotropy of M in other systems with strong spin-orbit coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fuseya
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Zengwei Zhu
- LPEM (UPMC-CNRS), Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Benoît Fauqué
- LPEM (UPMC-CNRS), Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Woun Kang
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Bertrand Lenoir
- Institut Jean Lamour (UMR 7198 CNRS, Nancy Université, UPVM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Nancy, 54042 Nancy, France
| | - Kamran Behnia
- LPEM (UPMC-CNRS), Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, 75005 Paris, France
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16
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Zhu Z, Lin X, Liu J, Fauqué B, Tao Q, Yang C, Shi Y, Behnia K. Quantum Oscillations, Thermoelectric Coefficients, and the Fermi Surface of Semimetallic WTe2. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:176601. [PMID: 25978245 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.176601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a study of angle-resolved quantum oscillations of electric and thermoelectric transport coefficients in semimetallic WTe2, which has the particularity of displaying a large B(2) magnetoresistance. The Fermi surface consists of two pairs of electronlike and holelike pockets of equal volumes in a "Russian doll" structure. The carrier density, Fermi energy, mobility, and the mean-free path of the system are quantified. An additional frequency is observed above a threshold field and attributed to the magnetic breakdown across two orbits. In contrast to all other dilute metals, the Nernst signal remains linear in the magnetic field even in the high-field (ωcτ≫1) regime. Surprisingly, none of the pockets extend across the c axis of the first Brillouin zone, making the system a three-dimensional metal with moderate anisotropy in Fermi velocity, yet a large anisotropy in the mean-free path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengwei Zhu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- LPEM (CNRS-UPMC), ESPCI, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Juan Liu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | | | - Qian Tao
- LPEM (CNRS-UPMC), ESPCI, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Chongli Yang
- Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Youguo Shi
- Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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17
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Fauqué B, LeBoeuf D, Vignolle B, Nardone M, Proust C, Behnia K. Two phase transitions induced by a magnetic field in graphite. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:266601. [PMID: 23848904 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.266601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Different instabilities have been speculated for a three-dimensional electron gas confined to its lowest Landau level. The phase transition induced in graphite by a strong magnetic field, and believed to be a charge density wave, is the only experimentally established case of such instabilities. Studying the magnetoresistance in graphite for the first time up to 80 T, we find that the magnetic field induces two successive phase transitions, consisting of two distinct ordered states each restricted to a finite field window. In both states, an energy gap opens up in the out-of-plane conductivity and coexists with an unexpected in-plane metallicity for a fully gap bulk system. Such peculiar metallicity may arise as a consequence of edge-state transport expected to develop in the presence of a bulk gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Fauqué
- LPEM (UPMC-CNRS), Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, 75005 Paris, France.
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18
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Fauqué B, Zhu Z, Murphy T, Behnia K. Nernst response of the Landau tubes in graphite across the quantum limit. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:246405. [PMID: 21770586 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.246405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on a study of the Nernst effect in graphite extended up to 45 T. The Nernst response sharply peaks when a Landau tube is squeezed inside the thermally fuzzy Fermi surface and presents a temperature-independent fixed point when the tube flattens to a single ring. Beyond the quantum limit, the onset of the field-induced phase transition leads to a drastic drop in the Nernst response signaling the sudden vanishing of Landau tubes. The magnitude of this drop suggests the destruction of multiple Landau tubes possibly as a result of simultaneous nesting of the electron and hole pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Fauqué
- LPEM (UPMC-CNRS), Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, Paris, France
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19
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Abstract
With a widely available magnetic field of 10 T, one can attain the quantum limit in bismuth and graphite. At zero magnetic field, these two elemental semi-metals host a dilute liquid of carriers of both signs. All quasi-particles are confined to a few Landau tubes, when the quantum limit is attained. Each time a Landau tube is squeezed before definitely leaving the Fermi surface, the Nernst response sharply peaks. For bismuth, additional Nernst peaks, unexpected in the non-interacting picture, are resolved beyond the quantum limit. The amplitudes of these unexpected Nernst peaks become more pronounced for the samples with the longest electron mean free path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengwei Zhu
- LPEM (UPMC-CNRS), Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, Paris, France
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20
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Yang H, Fauqué B, Malone L, Antunes AB, Zhu Z, Uher C, Behnia K. Phase diagram of bismuth in the extreme quantum limit. Nat Commun 2010; 1:47. [PMID: 20975701 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Elemental bismuth provides a rare opportunity to explore the fate of a three-dimensional gas of highly mobile electrons confined to their lowest Landau level. Coulomb interaction, neglected in the band picture, is expected to become significant in this extreme quantum limit, with poorly understood consequences. Here, we present a study of the angular-dependent Nernst effect in bismuth, which establishes the existence of ultraquantum field scales on top of its complex single-particle spectrum. Each time a Landau level crosses the Fermi level, the Nernst response sharply peaks. All such peaks are resolved by the experiment, and their complex angular dependence is in very good agreement with the theory. Beyond the quantum limit, we resolve additional Nernst peaks signaling a cascade of additional Landau sublevels caused by electron interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- LPEM (UPMC-CNRS), Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles, Paris 75005, France
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21
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Balédent V, Fauqué B, Sidis Y, Christensen NB, Pailhès S, Conder K, Pomjakushina E, Mesot J, Bourges P. Two-dimensional orbital-like magnetic order in the high-temperature La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO4 superconductor. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:027004. [PMID: 20867731 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.027004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In high-temperature copper oxide superconductors, a novel magnetic order associated with the pseudogap phase has been identified in two different cuprate families over a wide region of temperature and doping. We report here the observation below 120 K of a similar magnetic ordering in the archetypal cuprate La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO4 (LSCO) system for x=0.085. In contrast with the previous reports, the magnetic ordering in LSCO is only short range with an in-plane correlation length of ∼10 A and is bidimensional (2D). Such a less pronounced order suggests an interaction with other electronic instabilities. In particular, LSCO also exhibits a strong tendency towards stripes ordering at the expense of the superconducting state.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Balédent
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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22
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Hinkov V, Haug D, Fauqué B, Bourges P, Sidis Y, Ivanov A, Bernhard C, Lin CT, Keimer B. Electronic liquid crystal state in the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O6.45. Science 2008; 319:597-600. [PMID: 18187621 DOI: 10.1126/science.1152309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Electronic phases with symmetry properties matching those of conventional liquid crystals have recently been discovered in transport experiments on semiconductor heterostructures and metal oxides at millikelvin temperatures. We report the spontaneous onset of a one-dimensional, incommensurate modulation of the spin system in the high-transition-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O6.45 upon cooling below approximately 150 kelvin, whereas static magnetic order is absent above 2 kelvin. The evolution of this modulation with temperature and doping parallels that of the in-plane anisotropy of the resistivity, indicating an electronic nematic phase that is stable over a wide temperature range. The results suggest that soft spin fluctuations are a microscopic route toward electronic liquid crystals and that nematic order can coexist with high-temperature superconductivity in underdoped cuprates.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hinkov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenberg-strasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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23
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Pailhès S, Ulrich C, Fauqué B, Hinkov V, Sidis Y, Ivanov A, Lin CT, Keimer B, Bourges P. Doping dependence of bilayer resonant spin excitations in (Y, Ca)Ba2Cu3O6+x. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:257001. [PMID: 16907334 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.257001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2005] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Resonant magnetic modes with odd and even symmetries were studied by inelastic neutron scattering experiments in the bilayer high-Tc superconductor Y1-xCa+Ba2Cu3O6+y over a wide doping range. The threshold of the spin excitation continuum in the superconducting state, deduced from the energies and spectral weights of both modes, is compared with the superconducting d-wave gap, deduced from electronic Raman scattering in the B1g symmetry on the same samples. Above a critical doping level of delta approximately =0.19, both mode energies and the continuum threshold coincide. We find a simple scaling relationship between the characteristic energies and spectral weights of both modes, which indicates that the resonant modes are bound states in the superconducting energy gap, as predicted by the spin-exciton model of the resonant mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pailhès
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS, CE-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
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24
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Fauqué B, Sidis Y, Hinkov V, Pailhès S, Lin CT, Chaud X, Bourges P. Magnetic order in the pseudogap phase of high-Tc superconductors. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:197001. [PMID: 16803131 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.197001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the leading issues in high-T(c) superconductors is the origin of the pseudogap phase in underdoped cuprates. Using polarized elastic neutron diffraction, we identify a novel magnetic order in the YB(2)Cu(3)O(6+) system. The observed magnetic order preserves translational symmetry of the lattice as proposed for orbital moments in the circulating current theory of the pseudogap state. To date, it is the first direct evidence of a hidden order parameter characterizing the pseudogap phase in high-T(c) cuprates.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fauqué
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS, CEA-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
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