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Liu Y, Schmidt J, Liu Z, Leibrandt DR, Leibfried D, Chou CW. Quantum state tracking and control of a single molecular ion in a thermal environment. Science 2024; 385:790-795. [PMID: 39088652 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Understanding molecular state evolution is central to many disciplines, including molecular dynamics, precision measurement, and molecule-based quantum technology. Details of this evolution are obscured when observing a statistical ensemble of molecules. Here, we report real-time observations of thermal radiation-driven transitions between individual states ("jumps") of a single molecule. We reversed these jumps through microwave-driven transitions, which resulted in a 20-fold improvement in the time the molecule dwells in a chosen state. The measured transition rates showed anisotropy in the thermal environment, pointing to the possibility of using single molecules as in situ probes for the strengths of ambient fields. Our approaches for state detection and manipulation could apply to a wide range of species, facilitating their uses in fields including quantum science, molecular physics, and ion-neutral chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Julian Schmidt
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - David R Leibrandt
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Dietrich Leibfried
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Chin-Wen Chou
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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2
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Wu Z, Walser S, Podlesnic V, Isaza-Monsalve M, Mattivi E, Mu G, Nardi R, Gniewek P, Tomza M, Furey BJ, Schindler P. Photodissociation spectra of single trapped CaOH+ molecular ions. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:044304. [PMID: 39037137 DOI: 10.1063/5.0217685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular ions that are generated by chemical reactions with trapped atomic ions can serve as an accessible testbed for developing molecular quantum technologies. On the other hand, they are also a hindrance to scaling up quantum computers based on atomic ions, as unavoidable reactions with background gases destroy the information carriers. Here, we investigate the single- and two-photon dissociation processes of single CaOH+ molecular ions co-trapped in Ca+ ion crystals using a femtosecond laser system. We report the photodissociation cross section spectra of CaOH+ for single-photon processes at λ = 245-275 nm and for two-photon processes at λ = 500-540 nm. Measurements are interpreted with quantum-chemical calculations, which predict the photodissociation threshold for CaOH+ → Ca+ + OH at 265 nm. This result can serve as a basis for dissociation-based spectroscopy for studying the internal structure of CaOH+. The result also gives a prescription for recycling Ca+ ions in large-scale trapped Ca+ quantum experiments from undesired CaOH+ ions formed in the presence of background water vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlin Wu
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25/4, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Walser
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25/4, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Podlesnic
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25/4, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mariano Isaza-Monsalve
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25/4, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elyas Mattivi
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25/4, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Guanqun Mu
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25/4, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - René Nardi
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25/4, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Piotr Gniewek
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Tomza
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Brandon J Furey
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25/4, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Schindler
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25/4, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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3
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Arrowsmith-Kron G, Athanasakis-Kaklamanakis M, Au M, Ballof J, Berger R, Borschevsky A, Breier AA, Buchinger F, Budker D, Caldwell L, Charles C, Dattani N, de Groote RP, DeMille D, Dickel T, Dobaczewski J, Düllmann CE, Eliav E, Engel J, Fan M, Flambaum V, Flanagan KT, Gaiser AN, Garcia Ruiz RF, Gaul K, Giesen TF, Ginges JSM, Gottberg A, Gwinner G, Heinke R, Hoekstra S, Holt JD, Hutzler NR, Jayich A, Karthein J, Leach KG, Madison KW, Malbrunot-Ettenauer S, Miyagi T, Moore ID, Moroch S, Navratil P, Nazarewicz W, Neyens G, Norrgard EB, Nusgart N, Pašteka LF, N Petrov A, Plaß WR, Ready RA, Pascal Reiter M, Reponen M, Rothe S, Safronova MS, Scheidenerger C, Shindler A, Singh JT, Skripnikov LV, Titov AV, Udrescu SM, Wilkins SG, Yang X. Opportunities for fundamental physics research with radioactive molecules. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:084301. [PMID: 38215499 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad1e39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Molecules containing short-lived, radioactive nuclei are uniquely positioned to enable a wide range of scientific discoveries in the areas of fundamental symmetries, astrophysics, nuclear structure, and chemistry. Recent advances in the ability to create, cool, and control complex molecules down to the quantum level, along with recent and upcoming advances in radioactive species production at several facilities around the world, create a compelling opportunity to coordinate and combine these efforts to bring precision measurement and control to molecules containing extreme nuclei. In this manuscript, we review the scientific case for studying radioactive molecules, discuss recent atomic, molecular, nuclear, astrophysical, and chemical advances which provide the foundation for their study, describe the facilities where these species are and will be produced, and provide an outlook for the future of this nascent field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Arrowsmith-Kron
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Michail Athanasakis-Kaklamanakis
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- KU Leuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mia Au
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochen Ballof
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
- Accelerator Systems Department, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - Robert Berger
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Borschevsky
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander A Breier
- Institute of Physics, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | | | - Dmitry Budker
- Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung and Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, United States of America
| | - Luke Caldwell
- JILA, NIST and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
| | - Christopher Charles
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Nike Dattani
- HPQC Labs, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- HPQC College, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruben P de Groote
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - David DeMille
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, United States of America
| | - Timo Dickel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Jacek Dobaczewski
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christoph E Düllmann
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Staudingerweg 18, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ephraim Eliav
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Jonathan Engel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255, United States of America
| | - Mingyu Fan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States of America
| | | | - Kieran T Flanagan
- Photon Science Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alyssa N Gaiser
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Ronald F Garcia Ruiz
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Konstantin Gaul
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas F Giesen
- Institute of Physics, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Jacinda S M Ginges
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Gerald Gwinner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 3M9, Canada
| | | | - Steven Hoekstra
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Nikhef, National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jason D Holt
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - Nicholas R Hutzler
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States of America
| | - Andrew Jayich
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States of America
| | - Jonas Karthein
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Kyle G Leach
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
| | - Kirk W Madison
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - Stephan Malbrunot-Ettenauer
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Iain D Moore
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | - Scott Moroch
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Petr Navratil
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Witold Nazarewicz
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Gerda Neyens
- KU Leuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eric B Norrgard
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Nusgart
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Lukáš F Pašteka
- Van Swinderen Institute for Particle Physics and Gravity, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alexander N Petrov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute' (NRC 'Kurchatov Institute'-PNPI), 1 Orlova roscha mcr., Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Region, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Wolfgang R Plaß
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Roy A Ready
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States of America
| | - Moritz Pascal Reiter
- School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, EH9 3FD Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mikael Reponen
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | | | - Marianna S Safronova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States of America
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - Christoph Scheidenerger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
- Helmholtz Forschungsakademie Hessen für FAIR (HFHF), Campus Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Andrea Shindler
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams & Physics Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Jaideep T Singh
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Leonid V Skripnikov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute' (NRC 'Kurchatov Institute'-PNPI), 1 Orlova roscha mcr., Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Region, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Titov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute' (NRC 'Kurchatov Institute'-PNPI), 1 Orlova roscha mcr., Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Region, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Silviu-Marian Udrescu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Shane G Wilkins
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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4
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Dawel F, Wilzewski A, Herbers S, Pelzer L, Kramer J, Hild MB, Dietze K, Krinner L, Spethmann NCH, Schmidt PO. Coherent photo-thermal noise cancellation in a dual-wavelength optical cavity for narrow-linewidth laser frequency stabilisation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:7276-7288. [PMID: 38439412 DOI: 10.1364/oe.516433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Optical resonators are used for the realisation of ultra-stable frequency lasers. The use of high reflectivity multi-band coatings allows the frequency locking of several lasers of different wavelengths to a single cavity. While the noise processes for single wavelength cavities are well known, the correlation caused by multi-stack coatings has as yet not been analysed experimentally. In our work, we stabilise the frequency of a 729 nm and a 1069 nm laser to one mirror pair and determine the residual-amplitude modulation (RAM) and photo-thermal noise (PTN). We find correlations in PTN between the two lasers and observe coherent cancellation of PTN for the 1069 nm coating. We show that the fractional frequency instability of the 729 nm laser is limited by RAM at 1 × 10-14. The instability of the 1069 nm laser is at 3 × 10-15 close to the thermal noise limit of 1.5 × 10-15.
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5
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Welakuh DM, Tserkis S, Smart SE, Narang P. Cavity-Mediated Molecular Entanglement and Generation of Non-classical States of Light. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:799-806. [PMID: 38253010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The generation and control of entanglement in a quantum mechanical system are critical elements of nearly all quantum applications. Molecular systems are promising candidates, with numerous degrees of freedom able to be targeted. However, knowledge of intersystem entanglement mechanisms in such systems is limited. In this work, we demonstrate the generation of entanglement between vibrational degrees of freedom in molecules via strong coupling to a cavity mode driven by a weak coherent field. In a bimolecular system, we show that entanglement can be generated not only between the cavity and molecular system but also between molecules. This process also results in the generation of nonclassical states of light, providing potential pathways for harnessing entanglement in molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis M Welakuh
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Spyros Tserkis
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Scott E Smart
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Prineha Narang
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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6
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Zhang C, Rittenhouse ST, Tscherbul TV, Sadeghpour HR, Hutzler NR. Sympathetic Cooling and Slowing of Molecules with Rydberg Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:033001. [PMID: 38307061 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.033001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
We propose to sympathetically slow and cool polar molecules in a cold, low-density beam using laser-cooled Rydberg atoms. The elastic collision cross sections between molecules and Rydberg atoms are large enough to efficiently thermalize the molecules even in a low-density environment. Molecules traveling at 100 m/s can be stopped in under 30 collisions with little inelastic loss. Our method does not require photon scattering from the molecules and can be generically applied to complex species for applications in precision measurement, quantum information science, and controlled chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Seth T Rittenhouse
- Department of Physics, the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, USA
- ITAMP, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Timur V Tscherbul
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - H R Sadeghpour
- ITAMP, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Nicholas R Hutzler
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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7
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Zhang C, Yu P, Jadbabaie A, Hutzler NR. Quantum-Enhanced Metrology for Molecular Symmetry Violation Using Decoherence-Free Subspaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:193602. [PMID: 38000409 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.193602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method to measure time-reversal symmetry violation in molecules that overcomes the standard quantum limit while leveraging decoherence-free subspaces to mitigate sensitivity to classical noise. The protocol does not require an external electric field, and the entangled states have no first-order sensitivity to static electromagnetic fields as they involve superpositions with zero average lab-frame projection of spins and dipoles. This protocol can be applied with trapped neutral or ionic species, and can be implemented using methods that have been demonstrated experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Phelan Yu
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Arian Jadbabaie
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Nicholas R Hutzler
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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8
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Schwegler N, Holzapfel D, Stadler M, Mitjans A, Sergachev I, Home JP, Kienzler D. Trapping and Ground-State Cooling of a Single H_{2}^{+}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:133003. [PMID: 37831997 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.133003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate co-trapping and sideband cooling of a H_{2}^{+}-^{9}Be^{+} ion pair in a cryogenic Paul trap. We study the chemical lifetime of H_{2}^{+} and its dependence on the apparatus temperature, achieving lifetimes of up to 11_{-3}^{+6} h at 10 K. We demonstrate cooling of two of the modes of translational motion to an average phonon number of 0.07(1) and 0.05(1), corresponding to a temperature of 22(1) and 55(3) μK, respectively. Our results provide a basis for quantum logic spectroscopy experiments of H_{2}^{+}, as well as other light ions such as HD^{+}, H_{3}^{+}, and He^{+}.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schwegler
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Holzapfel
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Stadler
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Mitjans
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - I Sergachev
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J P Home
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Kienzler
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Collopy AL, Schmidt J, Leibfried D, Leibrandt DR, Chou CW. Effects of an Oscillating Electric Field on and Dipole Moment Measurement of a Single Molecular Ion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:223201. [PMID: 37327411 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.223201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We characterize and model the Stark effect due to the radio-frequency (rf) electric field experienced by a molecular ion in an rf Paul trap, a leading systematic in the uncertainty of the field-free rotational transition. The ion is deliberately displaced to sample different known rf electric fields and measure the resultant shifts in transition frequencies. With this method, we determine the permanent electric dipole moment of CaH^{+}, and find close agreement with theory. The characterization is performed by using a frequency comb which probes rotational transitions in the molecular ion. With improved coherence of the comb laser, a fractional statistical uncertainty for a transition line center of as low as 4.6×10^{-13} was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra L Collopy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Julian Schmidt
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Dietrich Leibfried
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - David R Leibrandt
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Chin-Wen Chou
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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10
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Li JF, Hu JR, Guo QF, He DS. Resonant and non-resonant optimizations by multi-constraint quantum control theory in molecular rotational states. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19210. [DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIt is a promising research for optimization of quantum gate in the field of quantum computation. We investigate the feasibility of implementing the single-qubit gate (Hadamard) in molecular rotational system. By applying the Multi-constraint quantum optimal control method, the excepted final states can be achieved based on the molecular rotational states both in resonant and non-resonant cases with the control pulses. The permanent electric dipole moment is ignored in non-resonance. Besides, the zero-pulse area constraint and the constant fluence constraint are employed to optimize shapes of control pulses. Finally, we show that the Hadamard gate can be realized with the high fidelity (0.9999) and also examine the dependence of the fidelity on pulse fluence as well as the control pulse.
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11
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Solaro C, Debavelaere C, Cladé P, Guellati-Khelifa S. Atom Interferometer Driven by a Picosecond Frequency Comb. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:173204. [PMID: 36332244 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.173204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a light-pulse atom interferometer based on the diffraction of free-falling atoms by a picosecond frequency-comb laser. More specifically, we coherently split and recombine wave packets of cold ^{87}Rb atoms by driving stimulated Raman transitions between the |5s ^{2}S_{1/2},F=1⟩ and |5s ^{2}S_{1/2},F=2⟩ hyperfine states, using two trains of picosecond pulses in a counterpropagating geometry. We study the impact of the pulses' length as well as the interrogation time onto the contrast of the atom interferometer. Our experimental data are well reproduced by a numerical simulation based on an effective coupling that depends on the overlap between the pulses and the atomic cloud. These results pave the way for extending light-pulse interferometry to transitions in other spectral regions and therefore to other species, for new possibilities in metrology, sensing of gravito-inertial effects, and tests of fundamental physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Solaro
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Clément Debavelaere
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Cladé
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Saïda Guellati-Khelifa
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 75003 Paris, France
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12
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Li JF, Hu JR, Wan F, He DS. Optimization two-qubit quantum gate by two optical control methods in molecular pendular states. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14918. [PMID: 36050511 PMCID: PMC9437090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Implementation of quantum gates are important for quantum computations in physical system made of polar molecules. We investigate the feasibility of implementing gates based on pendular states of the molecular system by two different quantum optical control methods. Firstly, the Multi-Target optimal control theory and the Multi-Constraint optimal control theory are described for optimizing control fields and accomplish the optimization of quantum gates. Numerical results show that the controlled NOT gate (CNOT) can be realized under the control of above methods with high fidelities (0.975 and 0.999) respectively. In addition, in order to examine the dependence of the fidelity on energy difference in the same molecular system, the SWAP gate in the molecular system is also optimized with high fidelity (0.999) by the Multi-Constraint optimal control theory with the zero-area and constant-fluence constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fang Li
- Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Shaanxi, 712000, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Jie-Ru Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Shaanxi, 712000, China
| | - Dong-Shan He
- Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xianyang Normal University, Shaanxi, 712000, China
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13
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Miossec C, Hejduk M, Pandey R, Coughlan NJA, Heazlewood BR. Design and characterization of a cryogenic linear Paul ion trap for ion-neutral reaction studies. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:033201. [PMID: 35364974 DOI: 10.1063/5.0080458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-high vacuum conditions are ideal for the study of trapped ions. They offer an almost perturbation-free environment, where ions confined in traps can be studied for extended periods of time-facilitating precision measurements and allowing infrequent events to be observed. However, if one wishes to study processes involving molecular ions, it is important to consider the effect of blackbody radiation (BBR). The vast majority of molecular ions interact with BBR. At 300 K, state selection in trapped molecular ions can be rapidly lost (in a matter of seconds). To address this issue, and to maintain state selectivity in trapped molecular ions, a cryogenic ion trap chamber has been constructed and characterized. At the center of the apparatus is a linear Paul ion trap, where Coulomb crystals can be formed for ion-neutral reaction studies. Optical access is provided, for lasers and for imaging of the crystals, alongside ion optics and a flight tube for recording time-of-flight mass spectra. The ion trap region, encased within two nested temperature stages, reaches temperatures below 9 K. To avoid vibrations from the cryocooler impeding laser cooling or imaging of the ions, vibration-damping elements are explicitly included. These components successfully inhibit the coupling of vibrations from the cold head to the ion trap-confirmed by accelerometer measurements and by the resolution of images recorded at the trap center (at 9 and 295 K). These results confirm that the cryogenic ion trap apparatus meets all requirements for studying ion-neutral reactions under cold, controlled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Miossec
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Hejduk
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rahul Pandey
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - Neville J A Coughlan
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Brianna R Heazlewood
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Oxford Street, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
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14
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Chauhan N, Wang J, Bose D, Liu K, Compton RL, Fertig C, Hoyt CW, Blumenthal DJ. Ultra-low loss visible light waveguides for integrated atomic, molecular, and quantum photonics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:6960-6969. [PMID: 35299469 DOI: 10.1364/oe.448938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atomic, molecular and optical (AMO) visible light systems are the heart of precision applications including quantum, atomic clocks and precision metrology. As these systems scale in terms of number of lasers, wavelengths, and optical components, their reliability, space occupied, and power consumption will push the limits of using traditional laboratory-scale lasers and optics. Visible light photonic integration is critical to advancing AMO based sciences and applications, yet key performance aspects remain to be addressed, most notably waveguide losses and laser phase noise and stability. Additionally, a visible light integrated solution needs to be wafer-scale CMOS compatible and capable of supporting a wide array of photonic components. While the regime of ultra-low loss has been achieved at telecommunication wavelengths, progress at visible wavelengths has been limited. Here, we report the lowest waveguide losses and highest resonator Qs to date in the visible range, to the best of our knowledge. We report waveguide losses at wavelengths associated with strontium transitions in the 461 nm to 802 nm wavelength range, of 0.01 dB/cm to 0.09 dB/cm and associated intrinsic resonator Q of 60 Million to 9.5 Million, a decrease in loss by factors of 6x to 2x and increase in Q by factors of 10x to 1.5x over this visible wavelength range. Additionally, we measure an absorption limited loss and Q of 0.17 dB/m and 340 million at 674 nm. This level of performance is achieved in a wafer-scale foundry compatible Si3N4 platform with a 20 nm thick core and TEOS-PECVD deposited upper cladding oxide, and enables waveguides for different wavelengths to be fabricated on the same wafer with mask-only changes per wavelength. These results represent a significant step forward in waveguide platforms that operate in the visible, opening up a wide range of integrated applications that utilize atoms, ions and molecules including sensing, navigation, metrology and clocks.
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15
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Clark CR, Tinkey HN, Sawyer BC, Meier AM, Burkhardt KA, Seck CM, Shappert CM, Guise ND, Volin CE, Fallek SD, Hayden HT, Rellergert WG, Brown KR. High-Fidelity Bell-State Preparation with ^{40}Ca^{+} Optical Qubits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:130505. [PMID: 34623832 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.130505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement generation in trapped-ion systems has relied thus far on two distinct but related geometric phase gate techniques: Mølmer-Sørensen and light-shift gates. We recently proposed a variant of the light-shift scheme where the qubit levels are separated by an optical frequency [B. C. Sawyer and K. R. Brown, Phys. Rev. A 103, 022427 (2021)PLRAAN2469-992610.1103/PhysRevA.103.022427]. Here we report an experimental demonstration of this entangling gate using a pair of ^{40}Ca^{+} ions in a cryogenic surface-electrode ion trap and a commercial, high-power, 532 nm Nd:YAG laser. Generating a Bell state in 35 μs, we directly measure an infidelity of 6(3)×10^{-4} without subtraction of experimental errors. The 532 nm gate laser wavelength suppresses intrinsic photon scattering error to ∼1×10^{-5}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R Clark
- Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Holly N Tinkey
- Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Brian C Sawyer
- Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Adam M Meier
- Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Curtis E Volin
- Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | | | - Harley T Hayden
- Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | | | - Kenton R Brown
- Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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16
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Gurlek B, Sandoghdar V, Martin-Cano D. Engineering Long-Lived Vibrational States for an Organic Molecule. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:123603. [PMID: 34597068 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.123603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The optomechanical character of molecules was discovered by Raman about one century ago. Today, molecules are promising contenders for high-performance quantum optomechanical platforms because their small size and large energy-level separations make them intrinsically robust against thermal agitations. Moreover, the precision and throughput of chemical synthesis can ensure a viable route to quantum technological applications. The challenge, however, is that the coupling of molecular vibrations to environmental phonons limits their coherence to picosecond time scales. Here, we improve the optomechanical quality of a molecule by several orders of magnitude through phononic engineering of its surrounding. By dressing a molecule with long-lived high-frequency phonon modes of its nanoscopic environment, we achieve storage and retrieval of photons at millisecond timescales and allow for the emergence of single-photon strong coupling in optomechanics. Our strategy can be extended to the realization of molecular optomechanical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Gurlek
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vahid Sandoghdar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diego Martin-Cano
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Departamento de Físíca Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E28049 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Najafian K, Meir Z, Willitsch S. From megahertz to terahertz qubits encoded in molecular ions: theoretical analysis of dipole-forbidden spectroscopic transitions in N 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:23083-23098. [PMID: 33048077 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03906c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in quantum technologies have enabled the precise control of single trapped molecules on the quantum level. Exploring the scope of these new technologies, we studied theoretically the implementation of qubits and clock transitions in the spin, rotational, and vibrational degrees of freedom of molecular nitrogen ions including the effects of magnetic fields. The relevant spectroscopic transitions span six orders of magnitude in frequency, illustrating the versatility of the molecular spectrum for encoding quantum information. We identified two types of magnetically insensitive qubits with very low ("stretched"-state qubits) or even zero ("magic" magnetic-field qubits) linear Zeeman shifts. The corresponding spectroscopic transitions are predicted to shift by as little as a few mHz for an amplitude of magnetic-field fluctuations on the order of a few mG, translating into Zeeman-limited coherence times of tens of minutes encoded in the rotations and vibrations of the molecule. We also found that the Q(0) line of the fundamental vibrational transition is magnetic-dipole allowed by interaction with the first excited electronic state of the molecule. The Q(0) transitions, which benefit from small systematic shifts for clock operation and is thus well suited for testing a possible variation in the proton-to-electron mass ratio, were so far not considered in single-photon spectra. Finally, we explored possibilities to coherently control the nuclear-spin configuration of N2+ through the magnetically enhanced mixing of nuclear-spin states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Najafian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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18
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Identification of molecular quantum states using phase-sensitive forces. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4470. [PMID: 32901016 PMCID: PMC7478981 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum-logic techniques used to manipulate quantum systems are now increasingly being applied to molecules. Previous experiments on single trapped diatomic species have enabled state detection with excellent fidelities and highly precise spectroscopic measurements. However, for complex molecules with a dense energy-level structure improved methods are necessary. Here, we demonstrate an enhanced quantum protocol for molecular state detection using state-dependent forces. Our approach is based on interfering a reference and a signal force applied to a single atomic and molecular ion. By changing the relative phase of the forces, we identify states embedded in a dense molecular energy-level structure and monitor state-to-state inelastic scattering processes. This method can also be used to exclude a large number of states in a single measurement when the initial state preparation is imperfect and information on the molecular properties is incomplete. While the present experiments focus on N\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}_{2}^{+}$$\end{document}2+, the method is general and is expected to be of particular benefit for polyatomic systems. The identification of molecular quantum states becomes challenging with increasing complexity of the molecular level structure. Here, the authors non-destructively identified excited molecular states of the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${{\rm{N}}}_{2}^{+}$$\end{document}N2+ by interfering forces applied to both the molecular ion and to a co-trapped atomic ion.
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19
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Cheuk LW, Anderegg L, Bao Y, Burchesky S, Yu SS, Ketterle W, Ni KK, Doyle JM. Observation of Collisions between Two Ultracold Ground-State CaF Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:043401. [PMID: 32794819 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.043401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We measure inelastic collisions between ultracold CaF molecules by combining two optical tweezers, each containing a single molecule. We observe collisions between ^{2}Σ CaF molecules in the absolute ground state |X,v=0,N=0,F=0⟩, and in excited hyperfine and rotational states. In the absolute ground state, we find a two-body loss rate of 7(4)×10^{-11} cm^{3}/s, which is below, but close to, the predicted universal loss rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence W Cheuk
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Loïc Anderegg
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Yicheng Bao
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Sean Burchesky
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Scarlett S Yu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Wolfgang Ketterle
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Kang-Kuen Ni
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - John M Doyle
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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20
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Zhang JT, Yu Y, Cairncross WB, Wang K, Picard LRB, Hood JD, Lin YW, Hutson JM, Ni KK. Forming a Single Molecule by Magnetoassociation in an Optical Tweezer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:253401. [PMID: 32639768 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.253401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the formation of a single NaCs molecule in an optical tweezer by magnetoassociation through an s-wave Feshbach resonance at 864.11(5) G. Starting from single atoms cooled to their motional ground states, we achieve conversion efficiencies of 47(1)%, and measure a molecular lifetime of 4.7(7) ms. By construction, the single molecules are predominantly [77(5)%] in the center-of-mass motional ground state of the tweezer. Furthermore, we produce a single p-wave molecule near 807 G by first preparing one of the atoms with one quantum of motional excitation. Our creation of a single weakly bound molecule in a designated internal state in the motional ground state of an optical tweezer is a crucial step towards coherent control of single molecules in optical tweezer arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie T Zhang
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Yichao Yu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - William B Cairncross
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Kenneth Wang
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Lewis R B Picard
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jonathan D Hood
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Yen-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jeremy M Hutson
- Joint Quantum Centre Durham-Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Kang-Kuen Ni
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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