1
|
Wang Y, Sun X, Zhao J, Zhou K, Lu Y, Qu J, Hu P, He Q. Differential Sampling of AC Waveforms Based on a Commercial Digital-to-Analog Converter for Reference. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2228. [PMID: 38610441 PMCID: PMC11014218 DOI: 10.3390/s24072228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This paper introduces an innovative differential sampling technique for calibrating AC waveforms, leveraging a commercially available 16-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) as the reference standard. The novelty of this approach lies in its enhanced stability over traditional direct sampling methods, especially as the frequency of the AC waveform increases. Notably, this technique provides a cost-effective sampler alternative to the differential sampling methods that rely on a programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS). A critical aspect of this methodology is the precise measurement of the DAC's output voltage, for which a static measurement strategy is adopted to utilize the exceptional linearity and transfer accuracy of the Keysight 3458A (Santa Rosa, CA, USA) in its standard DCV mode. The differential sampling method has demonstrated good accuracy, achieving a near 1 µV/V agreement with a pulse-driven AC Josephson voltage standard (ACJVS) across a 40 Hz to 200 Hz frequency range. The method attained an expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of 1 part in 106 while measuring a 0.707107 VRMS sine wave at 50 Hz, showcasing its efficacy in precise AC waveform calibration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (Y.W.); (P.H.)
| | - Xiaogang Sun
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (Y.W.); (P.H.)
| | - Jianting Zhao
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (Q.H.)
| | - Kunli Zhou
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (Q.H.)
| | - Yunfeng Lu
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (Q.H.)
| | - Jifeng Qu
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (Q.H.)
| | - Pengcheng Hu
- School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (Y.W.); (P.H.)
| | - Qing He
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; (K.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (Q.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zeng Q, Chen W, Du H, Zhang W, Xiong X, Zhao Z, Zhou F, Guo X, Xu L. Real-Time Direction Judgment System for Dual-Frequency Laser Interferometer. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:2030. [PMID: 38610242 PMCID: PMC11014305 DOI: 10.3390/s24072030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Current real-time direction judgment systems are inaccurate and insensitive, as well as limited by the sampling rate of analog-to-digital converters. To address this problem, we propose a dynamic real-time direction judgment system based on an integral dual-frequency laser interferometer and field-programmable gate array technology. The optoelectronic signals resulting from the introduction of a phase subdivision method based on the amplitude resolution of the laser interferometer when measuring displacement are analyzed. The proposed system integrates the optoelectronic signals to increase the accuracy of its direction judgments and ensures these direction judgments are made in real time by dynamically controlling the integration time. Several experiments were conducted to verify the performance of the proposed system. The results show that, compared with current real-time direction judgment systems, the proposed system makes accurate judgements during low-speed motions and can update directions within 0.125 cycles of the phase difference change at different speeds. Moreover, a sweep frequency experiment confirmed the system's ability to effectively judge dynamic directions. The proposed system is capable of accurate and real-time directional judgment during low-speed movements of a table in motion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Zeng
- College of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541000, China; (Q.Z.); (W.C.); (H.D.); (X.X.); (F.Z.); (X.G.); (L.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541000, China
| | - Wenwei Chen
- College of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541000, China; (Q.Z.); (W.C.); (H.D.); (X.X.); (F.Z.); (X.G.); (L.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541000, China
| | - Hua Du
- College of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541000, China; (Q.Z.); (W.C.); (H.D.); (X.X.); (F.Z.); (X.G.); (L.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541000, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- College of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541000, China; (Q.Z.); (W.C.); (H.D.); (X.X.); (F.Z.); (X.G.); (L.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541000, China
| | - Xianming Xiong
- College of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541000, China; (Q.Z.); (W.C.); (H.D.); (X.X.); (F.Z.); (X.G.); (L.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541000, China
| | - Zhengyi Zhao
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
| | - Fangjun Zhou
- College of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541000, China; (Q.Z.); (W.C.); (H.D.); (X.X.); (F.Z.); (X.G.); (L.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541000, China
| | - Xin Guo
- College of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541000, China; (Q.Z.); (W.C.); (H.D.); (X.X.); (F.Z.); (X.G.); (L.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541000, China
| | - Le Xu
- College of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541000, China; (Q.Z.); (W.C.); (H.D.); (X.X.); (F.Z.); (X.G.); (L.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pal A, Patel T, Khro K. A comparative study of the effectiveness of photogrammetric versus manual anthropometric measurements. Work 2024:WOR230276. [PMID: 38363628 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accurate measurement of the human body is essential when it comes to designing agricultural tools and equipment that can effectively accommodate and interact with individuals when performing a task. The traditional method for measuring an individual's body measurements is highly complex and requires two or more skilled individuals and reliable measurement tools. Finding a new approach that is speedier, more precise, and less expensive than current methods is therefore necessary. OBJECTIVE This study aims to develop an inexpensive novel photogrammetric anthropometric measurement setup that can extract the dimensions of an individual subject irrespective of their body shape. METHODS This study involved the creation of a setup comprising four cameras for a 360° photoshoot of human subjects to calibrate and test the developed measurement setup for capturing photos of human subjects and compare the results with manual measurements. RESULTS Ten different body dimensions were measured using the setup. There was a significant correlation between the manual and photogrammetric measurement methods (0.943 < r < 0.997). The highest absolute error recorded was 1.87% . CONCLUSION The photogrammetric method for collecting anthropometric data is a reliable substitute for manual measurements across diverse populations. The results indicate that this low-cost approach is highly precise and reliable, with strong correlation to manual measurements. Multiview photogrammetry proves effective for individuals of various body shapes, making it a versatile option for data collection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anubhab Pal
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology (NERIST), Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Thaneswer Patel
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology (NERIST), Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Keneiselie Khro
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology (NERIST), Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu F, Liu Q, Zhi Y, Shang T. Omnidirectional Sensor Design for Distributed Laser Measurement Systems. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:961. [PMID: 38339676 PMCID: PMC10857623 DOI: 10.3390/s24030961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Distributed laser measurement systems, widely used in high-end equipment such as airplanes, ships, and other manufacturing fields, face challenges in large spatial measurements due to laser plane obstructions and weak intersections. This paper introduces a novel omnidirectional sensor with enhanced adaptability to complex environments and improved measurement accuracy. Initially, an integrated omnidirectional measurement model is established, followed by the analysis of the optical path of the front-end detector, and the design of a signal-conditioning circuit for the photoelectric conversion of the front-end laser signal, Subsequently, a circuit testing platform is established to validate the detection functionality, and the corresponding results indicate that the symmetry of the output waveform is under 10 ns, the response time is under 100 ns, and the maximum detection distance is 22 m. Further, experimental results demonstrate the superiority of omnidirectional sensors over planar ones in complex environments, successfully receiving 360° laser signals. The positional accuracy of the common point to be measured on the top of the omnidirectional sensor is confirmed to exceed 0.05 mm, and the accuracy of the angle of attitude exceeds 0.04°. Using the laser tracker, the measurement accuracy of the system is verified to be better than 0.3 mm. When rotating in the horizontal and pitch directions, the measurement accuracy is better than 0.35 mm and 0.47 mm, respectively, fulfilling the sub-millimeter precision requirement and expanding the application scope of distributed laser measurement systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China;
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China;
| | - Yaohui Zhi
- School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China;
| | - Ting Shang
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang W, Du J, Qi M, Yan J, Cheng M, Zhang Z. Design of Optical System for Ultra-Large Range Line-Sweep Spectral Confocal Displacement Sensor. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:723. [PMID: 38339440 DOI: 10.3390/s24030723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The spectrum confocal displacement sensor is an innovative type of photoelectric sensor. The non-contact advantages of this method include the capacity to obtain highly accurate measurements without inflicting any harm as well as the ability to determine the object's surface contour recovery by reconstructing the measurement data. Consequently, it has been widely used in the field of three-dimensional topographic measuring. The spectral confocal displacement sensor consists of a light source, a dispersive objective, and an imaging spectrometer. The scanning mode can be categorized into point scanning and line scanning. Point scanning is inherently present when the scanning efficiency is low, resulting in a slower measurement speed. Further improvements are necessary in the research on the line-scanning type. It is crucial to expand the measurement range of existing studies to overcome the limitations encountered during the detection process. The objective of this study is to overcome the constraints of the existing line-swept spectral confocal displacement sensor's limited measuring range and lack of theoretical foundation for the entire system. This is accomplished by suggesting an appropriate approach for creating the optical design of the dispersive objective lens in the line-swept spectral confocal displacement sensor. Additionally, prism-grating beam splitting is employed to simulate and analyze the imaging spectrometer's back end. The combination of a prism and a grating eliminates the spectral line bending that occurs in the imaging spectrometer. The results indicate that a complete optical pathway for the line-scanning spectral confocal displacement sensor has been built, achieving an axial resolution of 0.8 μm, a scanning line length of 24 mm, and a dispersion range of 3.9 mm. This sensor significantly expands the range of measurements and fills a previously unaddressed gap in the field of analyzing the current stage of line-scanning spectral confocal displacement sensors. This is a groundbreaking achievement for both the sensor itself and the field it operates in. The line-scanning spectral confocal displacement sensor's design addresses a previously unmet need in systematic analysis by successfully obtaining a wide measuring range. This provides systematic theoretical backing for the advancement of the sensor, which has potential applications in the industrial detection of various ranges and complicated objects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology CAS, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Du
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology CAS, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Meijie Qi
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology CAS, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jiayue Yan
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology CAS, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mohan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology CAS, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhoufeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology CAS, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen Y, Li H, Zhu Z, Zhao C. A Method for Achieving Nanoscale Visual Positioning Measurement Based on Ultra-Precision Machining Microstructures. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1444. [PMID: 37512755 PMCID: PMC10385414 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic visual measurement is one of the main methods used for precision measurements. The observation morphology and image registration algorithm used in the measurement directly affect the accuracy and speed of the measurement. This paper analyzes the influence of morphology on different image registration algorithms through the imaging process of surface morphology and finds that complex morphology has more features, which can improve the accuracy of image registration. Therefore, the surface microstructure of ultra-precision machining is an ideal observation object. In addition, by comparing and analyzing the measurement results of commonly used image registration algorithms, we adopt a method of using the high-speed SURF algorithm for rough measurement and then combining the robust template-matching algorithm with image interpolation for precise measurements. Finally, this method has a repeatability of approximately 54 nm when measuring a planar displacement of 25 μm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Honglu Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zijian Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zeng Q, Zhao Z, Xiong X, Du H, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Wang P, Lei L. Design and Implementation of a Subnanometer Heterodyne Interference Signal Processing Algorithm with a Dynamic Filter. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:5422. [PMID: 35891103 PMCID: PMC9323930 DOI: 10.3390/s22145422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a subnanometer heterodyne interference signal processing algorithm with a dynamic filter is proposed. The algorithm can effectively reduce the measurement error caused by the noise introduced in the optical path and circuit. Because of the low signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement signal, a dynamic filter with variable coefficients is designed. The role of the bi-quadrature lock-in amplifier algorithm in the problem of different amplitudes among the measurement signal, reference signal, and uncertainty of the frequency difference of the dual-frequency laser is analyzed. With the aid of the heterodyne interferometry platform, the error in the solution results of the proposed algorithm and the conventional algorithm is compared. The results indicate that the maximum deviation of the phase increment of the algorithm does not exceed 6 mrad, the single-cycle phase difference can be subdivided by 1024, and the system resolution reaches 0.15 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Zeng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (H.D.); (Z.Z.); (P.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhengyi Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (H.D.); (Z.Z.); (P.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xianming Xiong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (H.D.); (Z.Z.); (P.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hao Du
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (H.D.); (Z.Z.); (P.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (H.D.); (Z.Z.); (P.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (H.D.); (Z.Z.); (P.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.X.); (H.D.); (Z.Z.); (P.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Lihua Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Online Test and Control Technology, Shanghai 201203, China;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xue C, Liu JP, Li Q, Wu JF, Yang SQ, Liu Q, Shao CG, Tu LC, Hu ZK, Luo J. Precision measurement of the Newtonian gravitational constant. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:1803-1817. [PMID: 34691518 PMCID: PMC8290936 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Newtonian gravitational constant G, which is one of the most important fundamental physical constants in nature, plays a significant role in the fields of theoretical physics, geophysics, astrophysics and astronomy. Although G was the first physical constant to be introduced in the history of science, it is considered to be one of the most difficult to measure accurately so far. Over the past two decades, eleven precision measurements of the gravitational constant have been performed, and the latest recommended value for G published by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) is (6.674 08 ± 0.000 31) × 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 with a relative uncertainty of 47 parts per million. This uncertainty is the smallest compared with previous CODATA recommended values of G; however, it remains a relatively large uncertainty among other fundamental physical constants. In this paper we briefly review the history of the G measurement, and introduce eleven values of G adopted in CODATA 2014 after 2000 and our latest two values published in 2018 using two independent methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xue
- TianQin Research Center for Gravitational Physics & School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- TianQin Research Center for Gravitational Physics & School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Qing Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement & Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun-Fei Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement & Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shan-Qing Yang
- TianQin Research Center for Gravitational Physics & School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Qi Liu
- TianQin Research Center for Gravitational Physics & School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Shao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement & Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Liang-Cheng Tu
- TianQin Research Center for Gravitational Physics & School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement & Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhong-Kun Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement & Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun Luo
- TianQin Research Center for Gravitational Physics & School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang Z, Cao W, Mo Y, Xu H, Mi K, Lan P, Zhang Q, Lu P. All-optical attosecond time domain interferometry. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa211. [PMID: 34858599 PMCID: PMC8566176 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferometry, a key technique in modern precision measurements, has been used for length measurement in engineering metrology and astronomy. An analogous time-domain interferometric technique would represent a significant complement to spatial domain applications and require the manipulation of interference on extreme time and energy scales. Here, we report an all-optical interferometer using laser-driven high order harmonics as attosecond temporal slits. By controlling the phase of the temporal slits with an external field, a time domain interferometer that preserves both attosecond temporal resolution and hundreds of meV energy resolution is implemented. We apply this exceptional temporal resolution to reconstruct the waveform of an arbitrarily polarized optical pulse, and utilize the provided energy resolution to interrogate the abnormal character of the transition dipole near the Cooper minimum in argon. This novel attosecond interferometry paves the way for high precision measurements in the time-energy domain using all-optical approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yunlong Mo
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huiyao Xu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kang Mi
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pengfei Lan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingbin Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peixiang Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Langlois J, Zaoui A, Scemama C, Martell J, Bragdon C, Hamadouche M. Validation of a computer-assisted method for measurement of radiographic wear in total hip arthroplasty using all polyethylene cemented acetabular components. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:417-20. [PMID: 25564735 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although cemented all polyethylene (PE) cups have been routinely used in total hip arthroplasty for decades, no computer-assisted method for measurement of radiographic wear has ever been specifically validated for these implants. Using a validated hip phantom model, AP plain hip radiographs were obtained consecutively for eight simulated wear positions. A version of Martell's Hip Analysis Suite software dedicated to all polyethylene sockets was used by three different examiners of varied experience. Bias (mean, standard deviation and 95% confidence interval limit), repeatability (standard deviation and 95% limit) and reproducibility (standard deviation and 95% limit) for two-dimensional wear measurements were assessed, as recommended by the current ASTM guidelines. Using this protocol, the dedicated software showed an overall mean bias of 0.089 ± 0.060 mm (mean ± SD), and 0.118 mm for 95% CI limit. Repeatability (intra examiner) standard deviation and 95% limit were respectively 0.106 mm and 0.292 mm. Reproducibility (inter examiner) standard deviation and 95% limit were respectively 0.112 mm and 0.308 mm. Martell Hip Analysis for all PE cemented cups is a reliable and low-cost instrument in the assessment of wear, despite being less precise than its original version dedicated to cementless components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Langlois
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Université René Descartes, 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75679, Paris CEDEX 14, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Faller JE. Precision measurement, scientific personalities and error budgets: the sine quibus non for big G determinations. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2014; 372:rsta.2014.0023. [PMID: 25202002 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Determinations of the Newtonian constant of gravitation (big G) fit into the oftentimes-unappreciated area of physics called precision measurement-an area which includes precision measurements, null experiments and determinations of the fundamental constants. The determination of big G-a measurement which on the surface appears deceptively simple-continues to be one of Nature's greatest challenges to the skills and cunning of experimental physicists. In spite of the fact that, on the scale of the Universe, big G's effects are so large as to single-handedly hold everything together, on the scale of an individual research laboratory, big G's effects are so small that they go unnoticed…hidden in a background of much larger forces and noise sources. It is this 'smallness' that makes determining the precise value of this (seemingly unrelated to the rest of physics) fundamental constant so difficult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James E Faller
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80309, USA Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
We present a detailed account of our 2004 experiment to measure the Newtonian constant of gravitation with a suspended laser interferometer. The apparatus consists of two simple pendulums hanging from a common support. Each pendulum has a length of 72 cm and their separation is 34 cm. A mirror is embedded in each pendulum bob, which then in combination form a Fabry-Perot cavity. A laser locked to the cavity measures the change in pendulum separation as the gravitational field is modulated due to the displacement of four 120 kg tungsten masses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harold V Parks
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80309, USA Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA
| | - James E Faller
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80309, USA Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li Q, Liu JP, Zhao HH, Yang SQ, Tu LC, Liu Q, Shao CG, Hu ZK, Milyukov V, Luo J. G measurements with time-of-swing method at HUST. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2014; 372:20140141. [PMID: 25202004 PMCID: PMC4173272 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We review the G measurements with time-of-swing method at HUST. Two independent experiments have been completed and an improved experiment is in progress. The first G value was determined as 6.6699(7)×10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 with a relative standard uncertainty (ur) of 105 ppm by using a long period torsion pendulum and two cylindrical source masses. Later, this result was corrected to be 6.6723(9)×10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 with ur=130 ppm after considering the density distribution of the cylinders and the air buoyancy, which was 360 ppm larger than the previous value. In 2009, a new experiment by using a simple block pendulum and spherical source masses with more homogeneous density was carried out. A series of improvements were performed, and the G value was determined to be 6.67349(18)×10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 with ur=26 ppm. To reduce the anelasticity of the torsion fibre, fused silica fibres with Q's of approximately 5×104 are used to measure G in the ongoing experiment. These fibres are coated with thin layers of germanium and bismuth in turn to reduce the electrostatic effect. Some other improvements include the gravity compensation, reduction of the coating layer effect, etc. The prospective uncertainty of the next G value is 20 ppm or lower.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hui Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Qing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Cheng Tu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Gang Shao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Kun Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Vadim Milyukov
- Moscow State University, Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Jun Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Faller JE. The Measurement of Little g: A Fertile Ground for Precision Measurement Science. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol 2005; 110:559-581. [PMID: 27308179 PMCID: PMC4846227 DOI: 10.6028/jres.110.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2005] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The occasion of the 100th anniversary of Einstein's "golden year" provides a wonderful opportunity to discuss some aspects of gravity-gravitation being an interest of Einstein's that occurred a few years after 1905. I'll do this by talking about the measurement of little g, the free-fall acceleration on the Earth's surface that is mainly due to the Earth's gravity but whose value is also affected by centrifugal forces that are a result of the Earth's rotation. I will also describe two equivalence experiments and a test of the inverse-square law of gravitation. Finally, I will make some observations on the science of precision measurement-a subject that underpins much of scientific progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James E Faller
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0440
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
This opening review attempts to follow the main trends in crystal diffraction spectrometry of nuclear γ rays from its 1914 beginning in Rutherford's laboratory to the ultra-high resolution instrumentation realized in the current generation of spectrometers at the Institute Laue Langeven (ILL). My perspective is that of an instrumentalist hoping to convey a sense of our intellectual debt to a number of predecessors, each of whom realized a certain elegance in making the tools that have enabled much good science, including that to which the remainder of this workshop is dedicated. This overview follows some of the main ideas along a trajectory toward higher resolution at higher energies, thereby enabling not only the disentangling of dense spectra, but also allowing detailed study of aspects of spectral profiles sensitive to excited state lifetimes and inter-atomic potentials. The parallel evolution toward increasing efficiency while preserving needed resolution is also an interesting story of artful compromise that should not be neglected. Finally, it is the robustness of the measurement chain connecting γ-ray wavelengths with optical wavelengths associated with the Rydberg constant that only recently has allowed γ-ray data to contribute to determination of particle masses and fundamental constants, as will be described in more detail in other papers from this workshop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R D Deslattes
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001
| |
Collapse
|